Polymer Testing最新文献_第2页

Mechanical performance and failure analysis of functionally graded Nanoclay-GFRP composites under flexural and shear loading 纳米粘土-玻璃钢功能梯度复合材料在弯剪载荷下的力学性能及破坏分析

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109101

Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said , Amr Seif , A.M. Sadoun , S. Thiru , Majed Melibary , Mohamed Mouldi Hamdi , Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah , A.A. Megahed

This study provides a novel gradation-based design for tailoring flexural and shear performances, offering a thorough experimental and statistical examination of the mechanical behavior of functionally graded nanoclay-reinforced glass fiber composites. Instead of traditional uniform composites, the proposed laminates adopt stepwise and continuous nanoclay gradation through the thickness to improve stress distribution and interfacial bonding. Five different laminates were produced utilizing a hand lay-up method accompanied by vacuum-bagging. The fabricated laminates include Control (neat composite), Homogeneous-Graded (HG), Stepwise-Graded (SG and CG), and Functionally-Graded (FG). The mechanical examination included three-point flexural, interlaminar shear (ILS), and in-plane shear testing. The results indicated that nanoclay addition improved interfacial interaction, limited crack growth, and facilitated entire load transfer. The FG laminate had the maximum flexural strength and stiffness, whereas the CG laminate produced 20.7 % increased toughness and failure strain. The SG laminate produced the highest in-plane shear

τ_{x y}

and load, achieving 71.56 % and 93.8 %, respectively. Fractographic analysis revealed a transition from brittle, delamination-dominated fracture in the control to tough, gradual modes in graded laminates. A multi-objective (TOPSIS) determined that the SG laminate was the best design for global performance. This study indicates functional gradation's practical value in producing multipurpose effective, robust composite structures for modern structural and engineering applications.

本研究提供了一种新颖的基于梯度的设计，用于定制弯曲和剪切性能，为功能梯度纳米粘土增强玻璃纤维复合材料的力学行为提供了彻底的实验和统计检验。与传统的均匀复合材料不同，本文提出的层压板采用纳米粘土在厚度上逐级连续渐变的方法，以改善应力分布和界面结合。五种不同的层压板生产利用手铺法伴随真空装袋。所制备的层压板包括Control（纯复合材料）、均质渐变（HG）、逐步渐变（SG和CG）和功能渐变（FG）。力学检查包括三点弯曲、层间剪切（ILS）和面内剪切测试。结果表明，纳米粘土的加入改善了界面相互作用，限制了裂纹扩展，促进了整个载荷传递。FG层压板具有最大的抗弯强度和刚度，而CG层压板的韧性和破坏应变增加了20.7%。SG层合板产生的面内剪切τxy和载荷最高，分别达到71.56%和93.8%。断口分析显示，在分级层压板中，从对照组的脆性、分层为主的断裂转变为韧性、渐进模式。一个多目标（TOPSIS）确定了SG层压板是全球性能的最佳设计。该研究表明，功能分级在现代结构和工程应用中制造多用途、有效、坚固的复合结构方面具有实用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Improved thermal oxidative aging resistance of silicone rubber via incorporation with Fe-MOFs fe - mof掺入提高硅橡胶耐热氧化老化性能

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109096

Fangchao Zhao , Zeyu Ren , Hulin Wu , Hongming Zhang , Xiaohui Gu , Yanchun Li

Under harsh service conditions, room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) is required to exhibit excellent thermal-oxidative aging resistance while maintaining its mechanical performance. To meet this demand, iron-based metal–organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) were synthesized and incorporated into the RTV matrix. The influence of three different fillers — Fe-MOFs, graphene, and Fe-MOFs/graphene — on the thermal oxidative stability and mechanical properties of RTV was systematically investigated and compared. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was employed to probe the evolution of crosslink density at the molecular level during thermal-oxidative aging, while the thermal degradation behavior was comprehensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC)-FTIR. The results revealed that Fe-MOFs can elevate the thermal decomposition temperature of RTV silicone rubber by 42 °C, while simultaneously enhancing its tensile strength by 1.7 times and increasing its elongation at break by 14.6 %. During the thermal oxidative aging process, Fe-MOFs effectively suppress the premature degradation of RTV and the associated deterioration of mechanical properties. This protective effect is primarily attributed to two factors: first, Fe-MOFs increase the crosslinking density of RTV by 13.6 %; second, the organic framework structure of Fe-MOFs efficiently scavenges free radicals, thereby retarding the progression of oxidative reactions.

在恶劣的使用条件下，要求室温硫化硅橡胶（RTV）在保持其机械性能的同时表现出优异的抗热氧化老化性能。为了满足这一需求，铁基金属有机骨架（Fe-MOFs）被合成并加入到RTV矩阵中。系统研究并比较了Fe-MOFs、石墨烯和Fe-MOFs/石墨烯三种不同填料对RTV热氧化稳定性和力学性能的影响。采用低场核磁共振（LF-NMR）在分子水平上探讨了热氧化老化过程中交联密度的演变，并采用热重分析、差示扫描量热法(TGA/DSC)-FTIR综合表征了热降解行为。结果表明，fe - mof能使RTV硅橡胶的热分解温度提高42℃，同时使其抗拉强度提高1.7倍，断裂伸长率提高14.6%。在热氧化老化过程中，Fe-MOFs有效地抑制了RTV的过早降解和相关力学性能的恶化。这种保护作用主要归因于两个因素：第一，fe - mof使RTV的交联密度提高了13.6%；其次，fe - mof的有机骨架结构能有效清除自由基，从而延缓氧化反应的进行。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism characterization and multiphysics predictive modeling of photo-thermal coupled curing in GFRP GFRP光热耦合固化机理表征及多物理场预测建模

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109095

Yue Jiang , Jiazhong Xu , Kaixiang Xu , Meijun Liu

Photocuring is widely used in composite manufacturing for its efficiency, yet ultraviolet light attenuates inside fiber-reinforced composites due to fiber occlusion and scattering, limiting cure depth and causing local defects. To address this, we propose a light-initiated photo-thermal coupled curing approach. Combining differential scanning calorimetr, dielectric analysis, and in-situ optical monitoring with a multiscale representative volume element framework, we systematically characterize key parameters and their evolution in glass-fiber-reinforced polymer during photo-thermal coupled curing, and accordingly construct and validate an accurate finite-element multiphysics model. Based on the photo-thermal coupling mechanism, the curing process is decoupled into photopolymerization and thermal-curing subprocesses modeled separately, with bidirectional feedback achieved via dynamic linkage of key parameters. The model reliably predicts the spatiotemporal evolution of the light field, temperature field, and degree-of-cure field. Experiments and simulations jointly show that thermal curing significantly compensates shadowed regions, effectively expanding the manufacturable thickness window. This study provides a quantitative basis for process design of thick and highly opaque composite laminates.

光固化因其高能效而广泛应用于复合材料制造，但紫外光在纤维增强复合材料内部由于纤维的遮挡和散射而衰减，限制了固化深度并造成局部缺陷。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种光引发的光热耦合固化方法。结合差示扫描量热计、介电分析和现场光学监测，采用多尺度代表性体积元框架，系统表征了玻璃纤维增强聚合物在光热耦合固化过程中的关键参数及其演变，并据此建立和验证了精确的有限元多物理场模型。基于光热耦合机理，将固化过程解耦为分别建模的光聚合和热固化子过程，并通过关键参数的动态联动实现双向反馈。该模型可靠地预测了光场、温度场和固化度场的时空演变。实验和仿真结果表明，热固化能显著补偿阴影区，有效地扩大了可制造厚度窗口。本研究为厚、高不透明复合层压板的工艺设计提供了定量依据。

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引用次数: 0

Stiff 3D-Printable TPU/CNF composite materials for damping and vibration reduction 刚性3d打印TPU/CNF复合材料，用于阻尼和减振

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109094

Ruichao Zu , Guangyu Sun , Qunfu Fan , Seong-Ho Yoon , Minghao Li , Xichen Yang , Yujie Chen , Hezhou Liu

Owing to its tunable molecular structure and processability, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is extensively applied as an ideal damping material and employed in 3D printing. However, conventional damping TPUs lack sufficient stiffness for the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, and commercially available 3D printable TPU filaments typically exhibit poor damping performance, which limits the applicability and scalability of damping TPU materials. To resolve the intrinsic antagonism, this study engineered three distinct types of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to modify TPU damping materials, developing a series of TPU/CNF composites suitable for FDM. The results indicated that platelet carbon nanofiber (P-CNF) provided a superior modification effect on TPU compared with tubular and herringbone counterparts. With the 1 wt % P-CNF content and 3.0-curing coefficient TPU, the prepared TPU/CNF composite exhibited a broad damping temperature range exceeding 80 °C and an elastic modulus of 18.08 MPa, demonstrating excellent damping performance and 3D printability. Compared to commercial filaments, the samples printed using TPU/P-CNF damping composite exhibit superior vibration reduction effects, highlighting the material's application potential in the field of damping and vibration reduction. This work established a nano-reinforcement strategy for next-generation 3D printing of high-performance damping materials toward customization, functionality, and scalability.

热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）由于其可调节的分子结构和可加工性，作为一种理想的阻尼材料被广泛应用于3D打印中。然而，传统的阻尼TPU在熔融沉积建模（FDM）过程中缺乏足够的刚度，而商用的3D打印TPU长丝通常表现出较差的阻尼性能，这限制了阻尼TPU材料的适用性和可扩展性。为了解决固有的对抗，本研究设计了三种不同类型的碳纳米纤维（CNF）来修饰TPU阻尼材料，开发了一系列适用于FDM的TPU/CNF复合材料。结果表明，血小板纳米碳纤维（P-CNF）对TPU的改性效果优于管状和人字形纳米碳纤维。当P-CNF含量为1 wt %， TPU固化系数为3.0时，所制备的TPU/CNF复合材料具有超过80℃的宽阻尼温度范围和18.08 MPa的弹性模量，具有优异的阻尼性能和3D打印性。与商用长丝相比，使用TPU/P-CNF阻尼复合材料打印的样品具有优越的减振效果，突出了该材料在阻尼和减振领域的应用潜力。这项工作为下一代3D打印高性能阻尼材料的定制化、功能性和可扩展性建立了纳米增强策略。

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引用次数: 0

High-throughput micro-indentation method for temperature-dependent static and dynamic characterization of structural adhesives 高通量微压痕法测定结构胶粘剂的静态和动态特性

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109093

Chao Kang , Yoichi Okamoto , Ming Ji , Keiyu Ikeda , Yu Sekiguchi , Masanobu Naito , Chiaki Sato

Characterizing the temperature-dependent mechanical properties of structural adhesives is critical for industrial applications in aerospace, automotive, and electronics. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in material discovery has amplified the demand for large, high-quality datasets, which conventional mechanical testing methods often cannot efficiently provide. In this study, a novel micro-indentation method is introduced that enables rapid and accurate evaluation of static and dynamic mechanical properties of structural adhesives across a wide temperature range. A 3-mm spherical indenter is utilized to perform both quasi-static and dynamic loading on flat bulk samples, enabling accurate multi-modal measurement through independent and precise temperature control of both the indenter and the bulk material, thereby ensuring reliable measurements with minimal sample preparation. Static indentation tests on epoxy and acrylic samples demonstrated that the elastic modulus can be accurately obtained from unloading data, even with plastic deformation, using the Oliver–Pharr method. Dynamic testing further revealed that the epoxy exhibited higher storage and loss moduli than the acrylic adhesive, indicating superior mechanical performance at elevated temperatures. Conversely, the acrylic adhesive exhibited a lower glass transition temperature, indicating a narrower operational temperature range, and a higher loss factor, reflecting greater energy dissipation. The proposed method enhances the efficiency and accuracy of mechanical characterization, enabling the high-throughput testing necessary to generate datasets for AI-driven material development. By enabling rapid design and optimization of polymers, this technique is promising for advancing material discovery with tailored properties.

表征结构粘合剂的温度相关机械性能对于航空航天、汽车和电子等工业应用至关重要。人工智能（AI）在材料发现中的日益融合，扩大了对大型、高质量数据集的需求，而传统的机械测试方法往往无法有效地提供这些数据集。在这项研究中，介绍了一种新的微压痕方法，可以快速准确地评估结构粘合剂在宽温度范围内的静态和动态力学性能。利用一个3毫米的球形压头对平面散装样品进行准静态和动态加载，通过对压头和散装材料进行独立和精确的温度控制，实现精确的多模态测量，从而确保以最少的样品制备进行可靠的测量。对环氧树脂和丙烯酸样品的静态压痕试验表明，使用oliver - farr方法可以准确地从卸载数据中获得弹性模量，即使有塑性变形。动态测试进一步表明，环氧树脂比丙烯酸树脂具有更高的储存模量和损耗模量，表明在高温下具有更好的机械性能。相反，丙烯酸胶粘剂的玻璃化转变温度较低，表明工作温度范围较窄，损耗因子较高，反映出更大的能量耗散。所提出的方法提高了机械表征的效率和准确性，实现了为人工智能驱动的材料开发生成数据集所需的高通量测试。通过实现聚合物的快速设计和优化，该技术有望推进具有定制特性的材料发现。

{"title":"High-throughput micro-indentation method for temperature-dependent static and dynamic characterization of structural adhesives","authors":"Chao Kang , Yoichi Okamoto , Ming Ji , Keiyu Ikeda , Yu Sekiguchi , Masanobu Naito , Chiaki Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterizing the temperature-dependent mechanical properties of structural adhesives is critical for industrial applications in aerospace, automotive, and electronics. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in material discovery has amplified the demand for large, high-quality datasets, which conventional mechanical testing methods often cannot efficiently provide. In this study, a novel micro-indentation method is introduced that enables rapid and accurate evaluation of static and dynamic mechanical properties of structural adhesives across a wide temperature range. A 3-mm spherical indenter is utilized to perform both quasi-static and dynamic loading on flat bulk samples, enabling accurate multi-modal measurement through independent and precise temperature control of both the indenter and the bulk material, thereby ensuring reliable measurements with minimal sample preparation. Static indentation tests on epoxy and acrylic samples demonstrated that the elastic modulus can be accurately obtained from unloading data, even with plastic deformation, using the Oliver–Pharr method. Dynamic testing further revealed that the epoxy exhibited higher storage and loss moduli than the acrylic adhesive, indicating superior mechanical performance at elevated temperatures. Conversely, the acrylic adhesive exhibited a lower glass transition temperature, indicating a narrower operational temperature range, and a higher loss factor, reflecting greater energy dissipation. The proposed method enhances the efficiency and accuracy of mechanical characterization, enabling the high-throughput testing necessary to generate datasets for AI-driven material development. By enabling rapid design and optimization of polymers, this technique is promising for advancing material discovery with tailored properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 109093"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insight into kinetic and diffusion phenomena in solvent-free poly(hydroxy-urethane) synthesis through applied step-growth modeling 通过应用阶梯生长模型深入了解无溶剂聚羟基聚氨酯合成过程中的动力学和扩散现象

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109084

Weronika Małgorzata Milanowska , Aleksandra Marta Fage , Felix Brabender , Ulrich Förter-Barth , Subrajeet Deshmukh , Sergio Lucia , Robert Brüll , Dominik Wołosz , Paweł Grzegorz Parzuchowski

Understanding the factors which determine the course of solvent-free cyclic carbonate aminolysis is critical for advancing the development of poly(hydroxy-urethane) (PHU) systems as sustainable alternatives to conventional, isocyanate-derived materials. In this work, we present an empirical model supporting the study of temperature- and conversion-dependent phenomena that influence PHU formation from oligomeric poly(propylene glycol)-based bis(cyclic carbonate) and short-chain 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine. For this purpose, the uncatalyzed synthesis experiments were conducted at 80–140 °C in a plate-plate rheometer, continuously monitoring the reaction in a melt through real-time viscosity measurements. Subsequent spectroscopic characterization verified that the dynamic rheological response can be ascribed to the formation of PHU materials free of side products. The resulting dataset was linked to molar mass evolution through a supplementary viscosity model and used to parameterize a step-growth polymerization model for cyclic carbonate aminolysis, integrating both mixing limitations at early stages and subsequent mass transfer phenomena. The model accurately reproduced experimental data in the low-temperature regime, demonstrating that linear step-growth with diffusion limitation adequately describes the reaction under given conditions and allows identification of physical effects causing deviations in predictions at elevated temperatures. These results highlight that, beyond reaction kinetics, diffusion phenomena critically shape PHU polymerization behavior, determining temporal chain extension progress. Consequently, the proposed modeling framework enables the deconvolution of distinct reaction regimes, providing crucial insight for optimizing PHU synthesis.

了解决定无溶剂环碳酸酯氨解过程的因素对于推进聚（羟基-氨基甲酸酯）（PHU）体系作为传统异氰酸酯衍生材料的可持续替代品的发展至关重要。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个经验模型，支持温度和转化依赖现象的研究，这些现象影响聚（丙二醇）基双（环碳酸酯）和短链4,7,10-三氧-1,13-三胺形成PHU。为此，非催化合成实验在80-140°C的板-板流变仪中进行，通过实时粘度测量连续监测熔体中的反应。随后的光谱表征证实，动态流变响应可以归因于PHU材料的形成，没有副产物。结果数据集通过补充粘度模型与摩尔质量演化相关联，并用于参数化环碳酸盐氨解的阶梯生长聚合模型，整合了早期阶段的混合限制和随后的传质现象。该模型准确地再现了低温条件下的实验数据，表明具有扩散限制的线性阶跃增长充分描述了给定条件下的反应，并允许识别在高温下导致预测偏差的物理效应。这些结果强调，除了反应动力学之外，扩散现象对PHU聚合行为的影响至关重要，决定了时间链延伸的进展。因此，所提出的建模框架能够实现不同反应体系的反卷积，为优化PHU合成提供关键的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Pseudocapacitive behavior of 2D molybdenum titanium carbide MXene and polyaniline based nanocomposites electrodes 二维碳化钼钛MXene和聚苯胺基纳米复合材料电极的赝电容行为

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109079

Waqas Khalid , Ahmed N.M. Alahmadi , Mehran Saeed , Muhammad I. Masud , Shumaila Karamat , Muhammad Kashif , Sajid Khan

The synergetic effect of conducting polymer and MXenes-based electrodes can pave the way to achieve high specific capacitance, power density, and stability in supercapacitors. This work is a step towards the search for a new pseudocapacitive electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors, where double transition metal carbide (Mo₂Ti₂C₃T_x) MXene is combined with polyaniline (PANI). A binary composite of Mo₂Ti₂C₃T_x and PANI was synthesized using an ex-situ oxidative polymerization technique. Structural, morphological, and compositional characterizations were performed using XRD, FESEM, EDX, and XPS, confirming successful composite formation. The electrochemical properties of the electrode material were analyzed using cyclic voltametry(CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Mo₂Ti₂C₃T_x/PANI composite exhibited a high specific capacitance (C_SP) of 908.1 F g⁻¹ at 1 Ag^-1, with an enhanced energy density of 45.4 Whkg⁻¹ and power density of 300 W kg⁻¹, significantly outperforming pristine MXene. The Mo₂Ti₂C₃T_x/PANI composite demonstrated 80.2 % capacitance retention up to 3000 cycles. The electrochemical study indicates that the synergistic blend of Mo₂Ti₂C₃T_x and PANI improves the charge transport and storage properties, making the nanocomposite an attractive choice for a supercapacitor electrode material.

导电聚合物与mxenes电极的协同效应为超级电容器实现高比电容、功率密度和稳定性铺平了道路。这项工作是为高性能超级电容器寻找一种新的假电容电极材料的一步，其中双过渡金属碳化物（Mo2Ti2C3Tx） MXene与聚苯胺（PANI）结合。采用原位氧化聚合技术合成了Mo2Ti2C3Tx和聚苯胺二元复合材料。利用XRD、FESEM、EDX和XPS进行了结构、形态和成分表征，证实了复合材料的成功形成。采用循环伏安法（CV）、恒流充放电法（GCD）和电化学阻抗谱法（EIS）分析了电极材料的电化学性能。Mo2Ti2C3Tx/PANI复合材料在1 Ag-1时具有908.1 F g−1的高比电容（CSP），增强的能量密度为45.4 Whkg−1，功率密度为300 W kg−1，显著优于原始MXene。Mo2Ti2C3Tx/PANI复合材料在3000次循环内的电容保持率为80.2%。电化学研究表明，Mo2Ti2C3Tx和PANI的协同共混改善了电荷传输和存储性能，使纳米复合材料成为超级电容器电极材料的一个有吸引力的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “A highly transparent and self-healing elastomer based on dynamically reversible heterocyclic interactions with enhanced toughness and outstanding rolling reliability” [Polymer Testing 147 (2025) 108803] “一种基于动态可逆杂环相互作用的高透明自愈弹性体，具有增强的韧性和出色的滚动可靠性”[聚合物测试147(2025)108803]的勘误表

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109077

Kiwon Choi , Hyeryeon Jeon , Youngmin Kim , Yongju Kim , Pyong Hwa Hong , Jong Hyuk Park , Min Jae Ko , Sung Woo Hong

引用次数: 0

Impact response of dynamic coupling between aramid fabric mesoscopic model and soft tissue 芳纶织物细观模型与软组织动态耦合的冲击响应

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109081

Dihua Ouyang , Zhe Li , Qiantao Zhang , Yuhan Liu , Jiazheng Pan , Song Wang , Xingyu Liu

As a core equipment for anti-riot law enforcement, non-lethal kinetic energy projectiles do not cause penetrating injuries due to their blunt impact effect, but they tend to transfer kinetic energy to induce severe concave damage to human abdominal soft tissues, and even endanger the safety of internal organs. Aiming at the limitation in existing studies where the mesoscopic structure of fabrics and the dynamic response of human soft tissues are analyzed in isolation, this study innovatively constructs a dynamic coupling system of “3D mesoscopic yarn model - skin-fat-muscle layered biomechanical model”. For the first time in the research on blunt impact of non-lethal kinetic energy projectiles, it realizes the collaborative simulation of yarn interlacing effect and the biomechanical properties of soft tissues. Impact process simulations were carried out via LS-DYNA, which revealed the dual protective mechanisms of single-layer aramid fabric (“energy absorption + stress diffusion”) and the layered collaborative response law of soft tissues (“transmission - buffering - dispersion”), effectively controlling the degree of impact damage. This coupled model overcomes the simplification defects of traditional flat fabric models, fills the research gap in the coupling mechanism between mesoscopic yarns and soft tissues in the field of non-lethal kinetic energy projectile protection, and accurately captures the mesoscopic-macroscopic correlation of “yarn slippage - energy transmission - soft tissue response”. It provides a core modeling method for the optimal design of protective systems.

非致命动能弹丸作为防暴执法的核心装备，由于其冲击力较钝，不会造成穿透性伤害，但容易传递动能，对人体腹部软组织造成严重的凹伤，甚至危及内脏器官的安全。针对现有研究将织物的细观结构与人体软组织的动态响应孤立分析的局限性，本研究创新性地构建了“三维细观纱线模型-皮肤-脂肪-肌肉分层生物力学模型”的动态耦合系统。在非致命动能弹丸钝冲击研究中，首次实现了纱线交织效应与软组织生物力学性能的协同模拟。通过LS-DYNA进行冲击过程仿真，揭示了单层芳纶织物的双重保护机制（“能量吸收+应力扩散”）和软组织的分层协同响应规律（“传递-缓冲-分散”），有效控制了冲击损伤程度。该耦合模型克服了传统平面织物模型简单化的缺陷，填补了非致死动能弹丸防护领域中细观纱线与软组织耦合机理的研究空白，准确捕捉了“纱线滑移-能量传递-软组织响应”的细观-宏观关联。为保护系统的优化设计提供了一种核心建模方法。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling product inhibition in enzymatic degradation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) 模拟产物对聚乳酸（PLA）酶降解的抑制作用

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109074

Nanshin Nansak , Leo Creedon , Denis O’Mahoney , Ramen Ghosh , Marion McAfee

Bioresorbable polymers are widely used as temporary medical implants due to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and suitability as drug delivery systems. In some settings, in vivo degradation is enzyme-driven. It has been shown in vitro that accumulated degradation products can inhibit enzyme activity and slow subsequent degradation. We present a mechanistic model that extends the classical Michaelis–Menten kinetics to include reversible product inhibition. Calibrated to in vitro poly(lactic acid) degraded by Proteinase K with a mid-experiment buffer refresh, the model reproduces the observed biphasic mass-loss pattern and significantly outperforms a no-inhibition variant in terms of residual sum of squares and Bayesian Information Criterion. All five kinetic parameters were identified with high confidence using only eight mass-loss measurements from a 15-day experiment, and the model was validated against an independent dataset under two distinct buffer-change protocols without further parameter adjustment. Time-dependent Sobol sensitivity analysis shows that the catalytic and inhibition rate constants dominate degradation dynamics. Finally, we propose an extended formulation for in vivo conditions that introduces enzyme replenishment and product clearance terms to capture physiological processes. This framework provides a basis for predicting degradation kinetics in bioresorbable devices and motivates further in vivo studies on the build-up and clearance of acidic products under physiological conditions, given their critical role in bioresorption and drug delivery performance.

生物可吸收聚合物由于其生物相容性、机械性能和作为药物输送系统的适用性而被广泛用作临时医疗植入物。在某些情况下，体内降解是由酶驱动的。体外实验表明，累积的降解产物可以抑制酶活性并减缓随后的降解。我们提出了一个机制模型，扩展了经典的Michaelis-Menten动力学，包括可逆产物抑制。校准到被蛋白酶K降解的体外聚乳酸，实验中期缓冲刷新，该模型再现了观察到的双相质量损失模式，并在残差平方和和贝叶斯信息准则方面显著优于无抑制变体。在为期15天的实验中，仅使用8个质量损失测量值就可以高可信度地确定所有五个动力学参数，并且在两种不同的缓冲变化协议下，针对独立数据集验证了该模型，而无需进一步调整参数。随时间变化的Sobol敏感性分析表明，催化速率常数和抑制速率常数主导降解动力学。最后，我们提出了一个体内条件的扩展公式，引入酶补充和产品清除术语来捕捉生理过程。该框架为预测生物可吸收装置的降解动力学提供了基础，并激发了生理条件下酸性产物的积累和清除的进一步体内研究，因为它们在生物吸收和药物传递性能中起着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0