Polymer Testing最新文献

{"title":"Inverse vulcanized sulfur-styrene polymers as effective plasticizers for polystyrene","authors":"Amin Abbasi ,&nbsp;Soheil Farshbaf Taghinezhad ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mansourieh ,&nbsp;Han Xu ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ,&nbsp;Ian Major","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inverse vulcanized polymers have demonstrated significant potential as alternatives to conventional petrochemical polymers in various applications, including environmental remediation, where they are used to absorb heavy metals and pollutants from water and soil, and energy devices, such as in the development of high-capacity lithium-sulfur batteries. Despite their promise in these areas, the full application scope of these sulfur-based polymers remains unexplored. There is substantial potential for their use in other fields, such as advanced material coatings, medical devices, and as additives to improve the properties of existing polymers, yet these possibilities have not been thoroughly investigated. This study presents a sulfur-based polymer, synthesized via the inverse vulcanization of sulfur and styrene and partially crosslinked with divinylbenzene, as a novel plasticizer for polystyrene (PS). This polymer blend was prepared using an internal mixer to replace conventional organic-based plasticizers. The selected system was designed to maximize miscibility. Both virgin and plasticized PS were injection molded for comprehensive characterization. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the complete consumption of sulfur, revealing a significant reduction in the glass transition temperature of PS upon the addition of the sulfur-based plasticizer. Morphological analysis showed a homogeneous surface with uniform single-phase morphology, indicating full miscibility of the blend. Tensile tests demonstrated enhanced ductility and reduced stiffness in plasticized PS, with strain at maximum tensile strength and elongation at break increasing by 22.0 % and 28.1 %, respectively. The plasticizer also improved the toughness of PS by 25.2 %. Rheological assessments corroborated the plasticization effect and confirmed the blend's full miscibility. Contact angle measurements indicated increased hydrophilicity of the plasticized PS samples. This newly developed sulfur-based plasticizer proved to be highly effective for PS, showcasing competitive efficiency comparable to commercial plasticizers. This advancement paves the way for new applications in the expanding field of sulfur-based polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108625"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical-physical methods for paint removal of recycled bumpers for revalorization in the automotive industry","authors":"Carla Zambrano ,&nbsp;A. Inés Fernández ,&nbsp;Pablo Tamarit ,&nbsp;Camila Barreneche","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The automotive industry uses plastics in the manufacture of car components due to their benefits such as weight reduction, high friction resistance, energy absorption, and versatility in blending with other materials and in its processability. A wide variety of plastic are used in vehicles. Although up to 13 different types of polymers may be used in a single car model, the most common is Polypropylene (PP). Nowadays, mechanical recycling is the most common method for recycling plastic waste from end-of-life vehicles in the automotive industry. However, challenges arise from material heterogeneity, presence of paint or impurities which affect mechanical properties and quality of recycled materials. Various chemical and physical methods to remove these impurities but economic, technical and feasibility considerations influence the adoption of technology in the industry. The current paper focuses on mechanical-physical procedures for paint removal from recycled automotive thermoplastics, aiming to maintain the properties of the polymer matrix and overcome environmental, economic and complex barriers. The used methods have shown success in removing paint from PP surfaces, with the pressing machine method with the best efficiency at a 38 % reduction. Despite not achieving over 90 % paint removal, these procedures establish fundamental principles for effective industrial mechanical paint depainting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108630"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of CL-20/HMX cocrystallization and its effects on GAP-based propellants during thermal aging process","authors":"Jiangtao Wang,&nbsp;Guanglong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangyang Liu,&nbsp;Ningfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of HMX and CL-20 as component particles can greatly improve the energy efficiency of composite propellants. Nevertheless, the occurrence of cocrystallization arises when HMX and CL-20 exists together. Further investigation is needed to determine the effects of the CL-20/HMX cocrystallization on the aging features of the propellants. The present study examines the evolutionary trends and effects of the CL-20/HMX cocrystal on the process of solid propellant aging. Experimental thermal aging studies were carried out on GAP-based composite propellants at temperatures of 60 °C/180-day and 70 °C/90-day. An investigation of density bottle, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and uniaxial tensile testing were performed on the samples. The results indicate that the cocrystallization behaviours of CL-20/HMX undergo three distinct stages during propellant aging. The reaction rate accelerates most during the middle aging stage. As the GAP-based propellant ages, the recently developed cocrystal structure deteriorates the interfacial characteristics between the propellant particles and the matrix, leading to the formation of cavities inside the material. This will further enhance the decrease in elastic modulus, ultimate strength, and maximum elongation of the propellants. Among them, the most notable distinction from the aging behaviours of propellants without the addition of particles is the increase of the elastic modulus. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation was observed between variation of the elastic modulus and the cocrystal content of CL-20/HMX. This correlation offers a reliable indicator for monitoring the extent of cocrystallization phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108623"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of high performance polypropylene based blends from ethylene vinyl acetate-based sole waste via solid-state shear Co-milling","authors":"Jian Yang,&nbsp;Wu Guo,&nbsp;Zhaogang Liu,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) foam products with cross-linked structure are now widely used in the fields of functional footwear. However, due to their cross-linked structure and complex composition, they are quite difficult to be recovered in large scale after disposal, causing serious environmental pollution. Based on our self-designed solid-state shear milling (S³M) equipment, a novel co-milling technology was established to recycle ethylene vinyl acetate-based sole waste (ESW) and reuse it to strengthen and toughen polypropylene (PP). The effects of co-milling on PP/ESW powders as well as blends were studied, and the results showed that the existence of PP promoted the solid pulverization of ESW, so formed the powders with smaller size and wider distribution. Ascribing to the partial de-crosslinking of ESW during co-milling process, the contact area and the molecular entanglements at their interfaces increased, effectively improving the compatibility between PP and ESW. In this way, the simultaneous enhancement and toughening of ESW on PP were achieved. After co-milling, ESW phase in blends significantly decreased and no visible phase interface was observed. With 20 co-milling cycles, the tensile strength and impact toughness of PP/20 wt% ESW blend respectively increased from 21.9 MPa to 3.79 kJ/m² to 25.4 MPa and 5.83 kJ/m², both higher than most other similar PP based materials. This work provides a new strategy for high-quality and efficient recycling of ESW in large scale, and fabrication of high-performance PP based materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108624"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between molecular weight, mechanical properties and morphology of micro-injection molded polyoxymethylene (POM)","authors":"Matthieu Fischer ,&nbsp;Carolina Blanco ,&nbsp;Yvonne Spoerer ,&nbsp;Markus Stommel ,&nbsp;Ines Kuehnert","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyoxymethylene (POM) is a fast crystallizing polymer, whose structure is highly dependent on the processing conditions and is showing a broad range of mechanical properties. Three POM materials with different molecular weights were selected and a design of experiments (DoE) was performed varying melt temperature, mold temperature, and injection speed. In combination with increased viscosity at higher molecular weights, the flow resistance and shear stresses will also increase at a certain injection speed and geometric conditions. Thereby, the range of morphological differences depends not only on the process boundary conditions but also on the rheological conditions. This aspect is particularly relevant for micro-injection molded parts, as the acting cooling and shearing rates are much higher than in standard injection molding. A specially designed tensile rod with a radially symmetric cross section was utilized for the experiments, which offers advantages in terms of a symmetric flow and cooling behavior. The morphology was studied with thin sections from the center of the sample. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the crystallinity of the samples and the mechanical properties were determined by a tensile test using an adopted optical extensometer. The mechanical properties of low molecular weight POM are only to a minor extent affected by the process variations. However, higher molecular weight POM is greatly affected in terms of its skin layer formation and improved mechanical properties favored by a low injection velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108626"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the spatial distribution of metallic fibers on the electromagnetic shielding of thermoplastic composites","authors":"R. Hernandez ,&nbsp;J.J. Egurrola ,&nbsp;A. Arriola ,&nbsp;M.P. Martinez ,&nbsp;R. Moreno ,&nbsp;E. Goikuria ,&nbsp;G. Jaio","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work the effect of the morphology of fiber-filled thermoplastic composites has been studied. Two molds with the same thickness and different filling configurations have been used for the preparation of the samples that afterwards have been tested to obtain their electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness (SE). The selected molds produce two completely different patterns of filling. In one of them, the pattern is mainly radial, as the gate is located in the center of the mold. In the other one, there are two entrances in a side of the mold, and this produces a weld line in the center of the plate. The effect of the radial distribution and the existence of a weld line has been studied against the shielding effectiveness, measured using a device formed by a stainless-steel cube with an opening in one of the faces to allow the SE measurement of representative plates. It has been observed from the shielding results that the main parameter to consider is the even and high-density distribution of the fibers, measured both by discreet methods (i.e. TGA and density measurements) and a continuous method like the grey scale analysis of tomography scans. It is finally concluded that the material's density distribution and not the existence of a weld line in the plate is the key factor to take into consideration when analyzing the shielding characteristics of fiber-filled thermoplastic composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108611"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The comparison of eight different common in vitro and ex vivo environments with in vivo conditions applying model collagen samples: Correlation possibilities and their limits","authors":"Tomáš Suchý ,&nbsp;Lucie Vištejnová ,&nbsp;Radek Sedláček ,&nbsp;Marika Vopálková ,&nbsp;Monika Šupová ,&nbsp;Gražyna Simha Martynková ,&nbsp;Ján Staňo ,&nbsp;Pavel Klein ,&nbsp;František Denk ,&nbsp;Ján Kužma ,&nbsp;Martin Bartoš","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New biomaterials are routinely evaluated for their degradation behaviour in the real body environment. Following the 3R strategy, <em>in vitro</em> simulated body conditions are often preferred. No studies that simultaneously compare such conditions with the real body environment have been conducted to date. Model porous collagen scaffolds were exposed for 21 days to eight different environments: simple salt-based and enzymatic media, human blood plasma, cell culture media with and without human fibroblasts and <em>ex vivo</em> model cortical bone, and subsequently compared with an <em>in vivo</em> environment represented by a pig peritoneum. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were then determined via uniaxial compression testing, and the structural properties via the micro-CT, weight loss, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and histological methods. Interestingly, the various analysed simulated body conditions caused differing alterations in the collagen scaffold characteristics when compared with the real body environment. The mechanical properties were similar during the first 7 days of incubation but diverged after 14 and 21 days. The structural properties varied significantly after just 7 days of incubation. The histological evaluation of the scaffolds exposed to the cellular, <em>ex vivo</em> and <em>in vivo</em> conditions revealed the poor ability of cells to completely populate the scaffolds, accompanied by the massive ingrowth of connective tissue into the <em>in vivo</em> exposed scaffolds, which resulted in their variable global behaviour. In conclusion, the value of <em>in vitro</em> simulated body environments lies in their screening capacity and feasibility; however, direct extrapolation to real body conditions needs to be verified going forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108621"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards quantitative microplastic analysis using pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry","authors":"Katharina Elisabeth Grafinger ,&nbsp;Celandin Ochiai ,&nbsp;Huan-Xiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Timm Hettich ,&nbsp;Andre Büttler ,&nbsp;Romina Álvarez Troncoso ,&nbsp;Armin Zenker ,&nbsp;Stefan Gaugler","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastic pollution from everyday plastic items has increased tremendously worldwide. Pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) has been widely investigated for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics in environmental samples. However, there are several pitfalls to consider when developing an appropriate protocol for their analysis. This study aimed at the development of an in-house database of primary (single) polymers, binary (two) polymers and tertiary (three) polymer mixtures. In this context the potential occurrence of gas phase reactions during pyrolysis of binary and tertiary polymers were investigated. Further, different diluters were tested for the accurate preparation of calibration standards for quantification purposes.</div><div>Seven different polymers were included in this study, which were chosen due to their prevalence in daily plastic appliances. For each single polymer specific peaks could be identified and recommendation for quantifier analytes given. The analysis of binary polymer mixtures revealed gas phase reactions for PET with PVC, PVC with MDI-PU and PE with PVC. For these binary polymers, several different novel pyrolysis products, specific for the according binary polymer mixture, could be identified. These results confirmed that especially PVC exhibits strong interactions during co-pyrolysis with ester- and ether-based polymers. Similar results were obtained for tertiary polymers.</div><div>For accurate preparation of calibration standards different diluters (silica, deactivated silica, calcium carbonate, THF and HFIP) were tested. It was observed that deactivated silica had only an influence on the pyrolysis of PET. Whereas, dilution with silica affected PA-6/66, PE, PET and MDI-PU. Only PVC was not influenced by dilution with silica.</div><div>In conclusion, our results highlight the necessity of an international standard of reference material as well as a standardized analytical protocol for the analysis and quantification of polymers in environmental samples. It is crucial to use diluters suitable for the specific polymer, to exclude potential interactions of diluters with the polymer. The present work has to be seen as a foundation, but future work is needed to adequately address the quantification of polymers in environmental samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatible and hydrophilic copper-complexed polyvinyl alcohol coating for antifogging surfaces","authors":"Sivakumar Bose ,&nbsp;Jung Seonho ,&nbsp;Hyun Wook Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visibility is decreased when fog accumulates on the clear surface of optical devices. It is quite desirable to design the surface with antifogging properties. The current study used a dip coating process to prepare copper-incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrophilic coating on the hydroxylated glass substrate. The formation of the PVA-Cu complex by the hydroxyl group was determined by FTIR and XPS methods. The surface morphology, adhesion test, wettability behavior, and cytotoxicity were investigated by SEM, cross-cut tape, contact angle measurement, and MTT experiment. By varying the CuCl₂ concentration (0.0125–0.0625 M), the durability and adhesion of the coating were improved, as evidenced by its minimal mass loss and water uptake. The optimum coating condition showed a thickness of about 24.0 ± 0.7 μm and a good optical transmittance of over 90 %. Below 0.0375 M, the coating stability and water resistance could not be achieved due to the weak complexation of Cu with the PVA coating. In contrast, the PVA-Cu₃ coating (0.0375 M, Cu²⁺ ions) was identified as an optimized condition for improved antifogging performance due to the effective complexation of Cu with the PVA matrix while maintaining the hydrophilicity and wettability behavior. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity was observed by L929 cell lines in response to the prepared coating. The current study results revealed that the adhesive, hydrophilic PVA-Cu_x coating with a contact angle of less than 62° might demonstrate strong antifogging properties and find its usage for endoscopic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexes of polymeric acids and short polyamines as binary stimulus-sensitive systems","authors":"Vadim V. Annenkov,&nbsp;Viktor A. Pal'shin,&nbsp;Maxim S. Sudakov,&nbsp;Elena N. Danilovtseva","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stimulus-sensitive polymers are of great interest due to their unusual properties in solution and diverse applications. Copolymers with different groups (hydrophilic, hydrophobic and ionizable) are typical stimulus-sensitive polymers, and varying the copolymer composition allows the pH and thermal sensitivity to be adjusted for a particular application. We found that complexes of polymeric acids with short methylated polyamines having trimethylene insertions between amine groups exhibit stimulus-sensitive properties in aqueous media at moderate pH and temperature. The position of the lower critical temperature of the solution depends on the ratio of polyacid to polyamine and on the pH. The complex of poly(acrylic acid) and pentaamine was found to be electrosensitive: exposure to an electric field with reversible polarity (8 Hz) led to precipitation of the polymer. These binary stimulus-sensitive compositions consist of two simple substances and are a promising alternative to copolymer-based systems, since the adjustment of properties does not require the synthesis of new substances and expensive toxicological studies in the case of biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 108618"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}