Polymer Testing最新文献_第10页

Polyaniline-based hybrid coatings for corrosion protection: Breakthroughs in nanocomposite design, self-healing, and corrosion sensing 用于防腐的聚苯胺基杂化涂层：纳米复合材料设计、自修复和腐蚀传感的突破

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109053

Hassane Lgaz , Han-seung Lee , Awad A. Alrashdi , Mouslim Messali

Polyaniline (PANI), a conductive polymer renowned for its unique electrochemical properties, has recently emerged as a promising corrosion-protective material owing to its active passivation capability, robust barrier effects, and intelligent, stimulus-responsive functionalities. This review examines recent advancements in PANI-based hybrid coating systems and their applications for corrosion protection across diverse metallic substrates. Emphasis is placed on novel hybrid architectures, including composites of PANI with metal oxides, two-dimensional materials (graphene, MXenes), and functional nanohybrids, which exhibit exceptional corrosion resistance, high impedance, and autonomous self-healing properties. Comprehensive characterization approaches, encompassing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nanoscale imaging methods, are systematically integrated to elucidate corrosion inhibition mechanisms, barrier performance, and interfacial phenomena governing coating effectiveness. Special attention is devoted to “smart” hybrid coatings where coordination-engineered PANI systems enable functionalities such as pH-responsive inhibitor release, fluorescence-based corrosion sensing, and photothermal self-healing, demonstrating multifunctional protection capabilities. Practical applications in aggressive industrial, marine, and automotive environments demonstrate PANI's significant potential to enhance structural longevity and reduce maintenance costs. Despite remarkable advancements, challenges related to long-term durability, environmental sustainability of dopants, cost efficiency, and scalability remain. The review concludes by highlighting strategic research directions toward sustainable multifunctional hybrid coatings and integrated sensor technologies, positioning PANI-based materials as key candidates in next-generation anticorrosion coating solutions.

聚苯胺（PANI）是一种以其独特的电化学性能而闻名的导电聚合物，由于其主动钝化能力、强大的屏障效应和智能的刺激响应功能，最近成为一种有前途的防腐材料。本文综述了聚苯胺基复合涂层体系的最新进展及其在不同金属基材上的防腐应用。重点放在新型混合结构上，包括聚苯胺与金属氧化物、二维材料（石墨烯、MXenes）和功能纳米杂化材料的复合材料，这些材料具有优异的耐腐蚀性、高阻抗和自主自愈性能。全面的表征方法，包括电化学阻抗谱（EIS）、动电位极化、拉曼光谱、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和纳米级成像方法，系统地整合在一起，以阐明腐蚀抑制机制、屏障性能和控制涂层有效性的界面现象。特别关注的是“智能”混合涂层，其中协调工程的聚苯胺系统具有ph响应抑制剂释放，基于荧光的腐蚀传感和光热自修复等功能，展示了多功能保护能力。在恶劣的工业、船舶和汽车环境中的实际应用表明，聚苯胺具有提高结构寿命和降低维护成本的巨大潜力。尽管取得了显著的进步，但掺杂剂的长期耐用性、环境可持续性、成本效率和可扩展性方面的挑战仍然存在。总结了可持续多功能混合涂料和集成传感器技术的战略研究方向，将聚苯胺基材料定位为下一代防腐涂料解决方案的关键候选材料。

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引用次数: 0

Damage characteristics and structural optimization of PELE with gradient reactive filling penetrating steel targets 梯度反应填充穿透钢靶的PELE损伤特性及结构优化

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109054

Guowen Gao , Enling Tang , Zhe Zhai , Guolai Yang , Yafei Han

To enhance the radial velocity and damage effectiveness of fragments after PELE projectile penetration, Al/Ep/B reactive material was selected as the core filler. Ballistic gun tests were conducted to study the dynamic penetration of steel targets by PELE projectiles with different core structures. The damage mechanisms of fragments were analyzed through mass distribution statistics and three-dimensional morphological reconstruction, while high-speed imaging was used to quantitatively characterize the axial and radial velocity fields of the fragments. A numerical model corresponding to the experimental conditions was established using Autodyn, incorporating a subroutine to describe the equation of state of the reactive material. The results showed high consistency between the simulated fragment morphology and velocity distribution and the experimental data. To further optimize the reactive core structure, a deep neural network was employed to establish the relationship between material parameters, fragment mass, and radial velocity. Multi-objective optimization was performed using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), ultimately identifying the gradient configuration as the optimal solution. A comparison between the optimization results and numerical simulations showed less than 5 % error in key parameters, verifying the reliability of the optimization.

为了提高破片穿透后的径向速度和损伤效能，选择Al/Ep/B反应材料作为核心填充物。采用弹道炮试验研究了不同芯部结构的PELE弹对钢目标的动态侵彻。通过质量分布统计和三维形态重建分析碎片的损伤机理，并利用高速成像技术定量表征碎片的轴向和径向速度场。利用Autodyn软件建立了与实验条件相对应的数值模型，并引入了描述反应物质状态方程的子程序。结果表明，模拟的碎片形态和速度分布与实验数据具有较高的一致性。为了进一步优化反应芯结构，采用深度神经网络建立材料参数、破片质量和径向速度之间的关系。采用非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）进行多目标优化，最终确定梯度构型为最优解。优化结果与数值模拟结果的对比表明，关键参数误差小于5%，验证了优化的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Self-nucleation enhances the stability of the polymorphs present in triple polymorphic polythioethers 自成核增强了三多晶聚硫醚中多晶物的稳定性

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109052

Leire Unanue , Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez , Cuong Minh Quoc Le , Abraham Chemtob , Alejandro J. Müller

This work examines the self-nucleation of three different polymorphic alternating polythioether homopolymers, i.e., DMDS-alt-DVE, DMDS-alt-TEGDVE and DMDS-alt-BBDVE. The repeating unit of these materials consists of an identical sulfur-containing part and ether functionalities that vary in chemical structure. All of the materials show three different polymorphic crystal phases, denoted by their distinct melting temperatures as: very low-temperature melting phase (

{V L - T}_{m}

), low-temperature melting phase (

{L - T}_{m}

) and high-temperature melting phase (

{H - T}_{m}

). A detailed self-nucleation study was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM). The different self-nucleation Domains were determined for each of the polymers, and the polymorphs that formed in each Domain were assigned. Self-seeding promoted the crystallization of the highest thermodynamically stable phase that was present in a given polythioether (e.g., DMDS-alt-DVE) and substantially increased its quantity reducing the formation of less stable phases. PLOM was indispensable to identify the multiple polymorphs present in the samples. This work establishes a robust testing protocol for polymorph selection in sulfur-containing polymers and offers thermal processing parameters for achieving desired crystal structures in functional polymer materials.

本研究考察了三种不同的多晶交替聚硫醚均聚物的自成核，即DMDS-alt-DVE， DMDS-alt-TEGDVE和DMDS-alt-BBDVE。这些材料的重复单元由相同的含硫部分和化学结构不同的醚功能组成。所有材料均表现出三种不同的多晶相，其熔融温度分别为：极低温熔融相（VL−Tm）、低温熔融相（L−Tm）和高温熔融相（H−Tm）。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）和偏振光光学显微镜（PLOM）进行了详细的自核研究。确定了每种聚合物的不同自核结构域，并对每个结构域中形成的多晶进行了分配。自播种促进了给定聚硫醚（例如，DMDS-alt-DVE）中存在的最高热力学稳定相的结晶，并大大增加了其数量，减少了较不稳定相的形成。PLOM是鉴定样品中存在的多个多态性必不可少的工具。这项工作为含硫聚合物的多晶选择建立了一个强大的测试协议，并提供了在功能聚合物材料中实现所需晶体结构的热加工参数。

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引用次数: 0

Mode-II interlaminar damage in carbon/epoxy composites fabricated via hot-press and vacuum-bagging techniques 热压和真空装袋技术制备的碳/环氧复合材料的ii型层间损伤

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109055

K.J. Wong , H.A. Israr , T. Dickhut , S.S.R. Koloor , M.N. Tamin

Understanding mode II delamination in thermoset composites remains incomplete, particularly when fabrication-induced variability affects interfacial characteristics and fracture performance. This research fabricates unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepregs via hot-press (HP) and vacuum-bagging (VB) techniques and evaluates their interlaminar fracture behaviour through End-Notched Flexure (ENF) testing. Results indicate that the mode II fracture toughness (G_IIC) of VB specimens (1387 N/m) is approximately 33 % lower than that of HP specimens (2058 N/m). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals reduced shear cusp density and matrix cracking in VB specimens. Delamination behaviour is simulated using a symmetric Trapezoidal Traction-Separation Law (TTSL) with pseudo-plasticity parameter Γ = 0.99, which, aside from differing G_IIC values, employs a consistent set of cohesive parameters (interface stiffness k_IIC = 4.5 × 10⁵ MPa/mm and interface strength t_u,II = 100 MPa) to accurately reproduce the force-displacement response in both fabrication methods. A higher G_IIC value corresponds to greater crack extension (da) in simulated damage profiles, with da = 2.9 mm and 2.5 mm in HP and VB specimens, respectively. The numerical model is further validated using VB specimens with varied initial crack lengths, consistently producing reliable results. These outcomes validate the proposed unified framework, with all cohesive parameters, except for the experimentally determined G_IIC, which are kept constant (Γ, k_IIC and t_u,II). This approach significantly reduces the need for extensive parametric studies in numerical simulations, thereby improving efficiency and consistency.

对热固性复合材料II型脱层现象的理解仍然不完整，特别是当制造引起的变异性影响界面特征和断裂性能时。本研究通过热压（HP）和真空装袋（VB）技术制备单向碳/环氧预浸料，并通过端缺口弯曲（ENF）测试评估其层间断裂行为。结果表明：VB试样（1387 N/m）的II型断裂韧性（GIIC）比HP试样（2058 N/m）低约33%；扫描电镜（SEM）显示，VB试样的剪切尖密度降低，基体开裂。采用拟塑性参数Γ = 0.99的对称的四边形牵引分离律（TTSL）模拟分层行为，除了不同的GIIC值外，还采用了一组一致的内聚参数（界面刚度kIIC = 4.5 × 105 MPa/mm，界面强度tu，II = 100 MPa）来准确地再现两种制造方法中的力-位移响应。在模拟损伤剖面中，GIIC值越高对应的裂纹扩展（da）越大，HP和VB试件的da分别为2.9 mm和2.5 mm。采用不同初始裂纹长度的VB试样进一步验证了数值模型，得到了一致可靠的结果。这些结果验证了提出的统一框架，除了实验确定的GIIC保持不变（Γ， kIIC和tu，II）外，所有参数都具有内聚性。这种方法大大减少了数值模拟中大量参数研究的需要，从而提高了效率和一致性。

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引用次数: 0

New insights into resins behavior: Influence of resin softening point on in-rubber properties of carbon black-filled SBR compounds 树脂行为的新认识：树脂软化点对炭黑填充SBR化合物橡胶内性能的影响

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109050

Pilar Bernal-Ortega , Frances van Elburg , Javier Araujo-Morera , Elif Uzun , Brechtje van Biesbergen , Hubert Gojzewski , Anke Blume

Recent EU regulations have increased the demand for tire materials with improved performance and sustainability. In response, new hydrocarbon resins have been developed to optimize the balance between wet grip, rolling resistance, and wear resistance in tire tread compounds. One of the most important characteristics of resins is their softening point (SP). The softening point of resins plays a critical role in rubber performance due to their influence on the processability and compatibility with other materials. This study investigates the influence of five hydrocarbon resins with the same chemical base but different softening point (ranging from 10 to 160 °C), on the properties of a carbon black-filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compound. The increase in the SP of the resins resulted in higher Mooney viscosity, hardness, tensile strength and Payne effect, indicating a transition from plasticizing to reinforcing behavior. The results also revealed a strong temperature dependence: when the testing temperature exceeded the SP, the resins transitioned to a softened or liquid state, improving dispersion and mechanical performance. Overall, the SP and operating temperature are shown to be key design parameters for tailoring rubber compound properties to specific tire applications.

最近的欧盟法规增加了对性能和可持续性提高的轮胎材料的需求。因此，新的碳氢化合物树脂被开发出来，以优化轮胎胎面化合物在湿抓地力、滚动阻力和耐磨性之间的平衡。树脂最重要的特性之一是其软化点（SP）。树脂的软化点对橡胶的加工性能和与其他材料的相容性有着重要的影响。研究了5种化学碱相同但软化点（10 ~ 160℃）不同的烃树脂对炭黑填充丁苯橡胶（SBR）化合物性能的影响。随着SP的增加，树脂的穆尼粘度、硬度、抗拉强度和佩恩效应均有所提高，表明树脂的塑化行为向增强行为转变。结果还显示了强烈的温度依赖性：当测试温度超过SP时，树脂转变为软化或液态，从而改善了分散性和机械性能。总的来说，SP和工作温度是定制橡胶复合材料性能以适应特定轮胎应用的关键设计参数。

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引用次数: 0

Thermochemical methanolysis-based recyclability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) via pseudo-catalytic depolymerisation 基于热化学甲醇分解的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）通过伪催化解聚的可回收性

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109051

Dohee Kwon , Doyeon Lee , Jechan Lee , Jee Young Kim , Eilhann E. Kwon

The global production and consumption of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have continued to rise, accounting for approximately one-quarter of total plastic output. Currently, PET is derived from fossil-based resources, and the majority of used PET follows a linear, single-use trajectory, ultimately contributing to environmental burdens. While PET has contributed to modern convenience, the alarming statistic that nearly one million PET bottles are discarded every minute emphasises the urgent need to reassess the sustainability of its current production and disposal practices. In this study, a catalyst-free depolymerisation technology, termed pseudo-catalytic transesterification, was developed as a sustainable valorisation approach for the recovery of resources from PET. This approach enabled rapid depolymerisation, achieving high yields of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT, 75.0 %) and ethylene glycol (EG, 17.0 %) within 1 min at 400 °C. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was introduced as a (co) solvent to enhance monomer recovery. A 1:1 M ratio of methanol:DMC yielded the highest DMT and EG recoveries outperforming methanol alone. However, excessive DMC promoted ethylene carbonate (EC) formation, thereby reducing the EG yield. Under optimised conditions, the process achieved a recycled PET (rPET) conversion of 68 % with an estimated economic value of $4392 per tonne of rPET. Although the production cost remains higher than that of fossil-based PET, this approach offers substantial environmental benefits by reducing 2 tonnes of CO₂ emissions per tonne of recycled PET waste.

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）的全球产量和消费量持续上升，约占塑料总产量的四分之一。目前，PET来源于化石资源，大多数使用的PET遵循线性的一次性轨迹，最终造成环境负担。虽然PET为现代便利做出了贡献，但每分钟有近100万个PET瓶被丢弃的惊人统计数据强调了重新评估其当前生产和处理实践的可持续性的迫切需要。在这项研究中，一种无催化剂的解聚合技术，称为伪催化酯交换，被开发为一种可持续的增值方法，用于从PET中回收资源。该方法实现了快速解聚合，在400°C下，在1分钟内实现了对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT, 75.0%）和乙二醇（EG, 17.0%）的高产率。引入碳酸二甲酯（DMC）作为（co）溶剂，提高单体回收率。1:1 M比的甲醇：DMC产生最高的DMT和EG回收率优于单独使用甲醇。然而，过量的DMC促进了乙烯碳酸酯（EC）的形成，从而降低了EG的收率。在优化条件下，该工艺实现了68%的再生PET （rPET）转化率，估计每吨rPET的经济价值为4392美元。尽管生产成本仍然高于化石PET，但这种方法提供了可观的环境效益，每吨回收PET废物可减少2吨二氧化碳排放。

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引用次数: 0

Design of high-performance phase change composites using erythritol-modified epoxy/docosane and cellulose-grafted spherical aluminum nitride 赤四醇改性环氧树脂/十二烷和纤维素接枝球形氮化铝高性能相变复合材料的设计

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109049

Wondu Lee , Min Park , Pei-Chen Su , Jooheon Kim

The increasing demand for efficient thermal regulation in high-power electronic devices necessitates the development of advanced thermal interface materials. In this work, a novel composite was fabricated to address this challenge. The foundational material, an epoxy–erythritol (EPET) matrix, was synthesized by chemically grafting a phase-change material (PCM) onto an epoxy base, resulting in a single endothermic transition within the range of 110–124 °C. To broaden the thermal response, docosane was introduced, producing an EPET/docosane hybrid system that exhibited multiple endothermic transitions in the ranges of 40–60 °C and 110–124 °C. To enhance heat transfer performance, spherical aluminum nitride (AlN) was incorporated as a thermally conductive filler. The AlN particles were surface-modified with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) to improve interfacial adhesion with the polymer matrix and promote efficient thermal transport. The optimized composite, EPET/Docosane/AlN-CNF, achieved a thermal conductivity of 6.31 W/m·K and a total latent heat of 130.7 J/g. When applied to a CPU, the composite demonstrated superior heat-buffering capability, attributed to its dual endothermic transitions and high latent heat. These findings validate the potential of the developed composite as a high-performance thermal interface material for next-generation electronic devices.

大功率电子器件对高效热调节的需求日益增长，要求开发先进的热界面材料。在这项工作中，制造了一种新型复合材料来解决这一挑战。基础材料是环氧赤四醇（EPET）基质，通过化学接枝相变材料（PCM）到环氧基上，在110-124℃范围内实现了单次吸热转变。为了扩大热响应范围，我们引入了docosane，生产了EPET/docosane混合体系，该体系在40-60°C和110-124°C范围内表现出多次吸热转变。为了提高传热性能，采用球形氮化铝（AlN）作为导热填料。用纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）对AlN颗粒进行表面改性，以改善其与聚合物基体的界面粘附性，促进高效的热传递。优化后的复合材料EPET/Docosane/AlN-CNF的导热系数为6.31 W/m·K，总潜热为130.7 J/g。当应用于CPU时，由于其双吸热转变和高潜热，该复合材料表现出优越的热缓冲能力。这些发现验证了开发的复合材料作为下一代电子设备的高性能热界面材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing and modeling the mechanical behavior of an anion exchange membrane for carbon capture applications 表征和模拟用于碳捕获应用的阴离子交换膜的机械行为

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109024

Sara Sarbaz , Zhi Xin Liu , Heidi Feigenbaum , Samaneh Bayati , Winston Wang , Jennifer Wade , Husain Mithaiwala , Matthew D. Green

A new direct air capture (DAC) technology uses a moisture swing (MS) process with anion exchange membranes, potentially offering a more energy-efficient way to remove CO

_{2}

from the air. In this MS process, the membrane absorbs CO

_{2}

as it dries and releases it when water is added. Understanding the mechanical behavior of these membranes is essential for improving the design and efficiency of DAC systems and prolonging sorbent lifetime.

This study tested one anion exchange membrane, Fumasep’s FAA-3, under mechanical loading and various temperature and humidity conditions to measure its swelling, stiffness, strength, plastic deformation, and stress relaxation. Experimental results were used to identify a mechanical model for FAA-3 that can be used to predict the material’s nonlinear viscous behavior under various loads and environments. Unlike prior studies that assumed linear elastic behavior, this work incorporates humidity-dependent swelling, thermal expansion, and nonlinear viscoelasticity of FAA-3 in both the experiments and the model.

一种新的直接空气捕获（DAC）技术使用了阴离子交换膜的湿度波动（MS）过程，有可能提供一种更节能的方式从空气中去除二氧化碳。在这个质谱过程中，膜在干燥时吸收二氧化碳，在加水时释放二氧化碳。了解这些膜的机械行为对于改进DAC系统的设计和效率以及延长吸附剂的使用寿命至关重要。本研究测试了一种阴离子交换膜，Fumasep的fa -3，在机械载荷和各种温度和湿度条件下，测量其膨胀、刚度、强度、塑性变形和应力松弛。利用实验结果确定了FAA-3的力学模型，该模型可用于预测材料在各种载荷和环境下的非线性粘性行为。与先前假设线性弹性行为的研究不同，这项工作在实验和模型中都纳入了FAA-3的湿度依赖膨胀、热膨胀和非线性粘弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Powder Aging Effects on Mechanical and Fire Properties of a Flame Retardant PA12 in Laser Powder Bed Fusion 粉末老化对激光粉末床熔合阻燃剂PA12力学性能和防火性能的影响

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109048

Paul Roumeliotis , Samuel Schlicht , Rainer Detsch , Qaisar Nawaz , Aldo R. Boccaccini , Dietmar Drummer

Flame retardant polymer based powders for laser based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/P) are currently not reusable. This leads to crucial economic and environmental disadvantages of the process, when using flame retardant powder. In this study, we demonstrate the processability and emerging part characteristics of samples manufactured from 100 % reused powder, based on a flame retardant system of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol, opening the possibility to understand the aging process behind flame retardant powders for PBF-LB/P. To investigate the effect of aging during manufacturing, mixtures from virgin PA12 and flame retardant additives, aged PA12 and aged flame retardant additives and combinations of virgin and aged powder were prepared. The mixtures were processed using PBF-LB/P and investigated regarding the impact of PA12 and flame retardant additives. Our findings indicate both the formation of agglomerations and mutual chemical reactions between the flame retardant additives, particularly through esterification reactions. The agglomeration and aging of PA12 hinder the coalescence of the powder, resulting in reduced mechanical properties. In contrast to the mechanical characteristics, aged specimens demonstrate enhanced burning behavior, yielding an increase of the LOI by 1.2 pp and a V-0 rating for specimens of 3 mm thickness for aged powder compared to virgin powder. Moreover, the aging is associated with distinct influences on the burning behavior during cone calorimetry testing. While aged flame retardant additives cause a steep increase of HRR within the first seconds of ignition, followed by a decline and plateau formation, aged PA12 shows a slower increase in HRR, followed by a plateau formation on a higher HRR level.

用于激光粉末床熔合（PBF-LB/P）的阻燃聚合物基粉末目前是不可重复使用的。当使用阻燃粉时，这导致了关键的经济和环境缺点。在本研究中，我们展示了基于聚磷酸铵和季戊四醇阻燃体系的100%重复使用粉末制造样品的可加工性和新零件特征，为了解PBF-LB/P阻燃粉末背后的老化过程提供了可能性。为了考察老化对生产过程的影响，制备了原PA12与阻燃剂、老化PA12与老化阻燃剂的混合物以及原PA12与老化粉末的组合。采用PBF-LB/P对混合物进行处理，并考察了PA12和阻燃添加剂对混合物的影响。我们的研究结果表明，阻燃添加剂之间既存在团块的形成，也存在相互的化学反应，特别是通过酯化反应。PA12的团聚和老化阻碍了粉末的聚并，导致力学性能下降。与力学特性相反，老化样品表现出增强的燃烧行为，与未处理的粉末相比，3mm厚度的老化粉末样品的LOI增加了1.2 pp， V-0等级。此外，在锥量热测试中，老化对燃烧行为有明显的影响。老化的阻燃剂添加剂在点燃的头几秒内导致HRR急剧上升，随后下降并形成平台，而老化的PA12的HRR上升速度较慢，随后在较高的HRR水平上形成平台。

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引用次数: 0

Tailored performance optimization of p-aramid copolymer fibers: From strength to thermo-chemical durability 对芳纶共聚物纤维的定制性能优化：从强度到热化学耐久性

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109040

Min Woo Kim , Hyeonjeong Kim , Jaegeun Lyu , Howon Choi , Juyoung Kim , Donghoon Lee , Dae Young Lim , Ji Ho Youk , Youngho Eom , Han Gi Chae

Para

aramid (p-aramid) fibers, traditionally used in bulletproof vests because of their exceptional strength and modulus, are now widely utilized in optical cables and the aerospace industry. This growing demand driven by advanced applications requires precise performance grading to meet diverse operational requirements. This study proposes a rational copolymerization strategy for tailoring the properties of p-aramid copolymer (co-p-aramid) fibers by adjusting the ratio of 3,4′-oxydianiline (3,4′-ODA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (4,4′-ODA). While 3,4′-ODA enhances mechanical strength, 4,4′-ODA improves thermo-chemical stability. For high-strength applications, co-p-aramid fibers synthesized with 3,4′-ODA as the sole comonomer achieve a tensile modulus and tensile strength of 80.4 and 3.1 GPa, respectively. For superior thermo-chemical resistance, fibers with a 3,4′-ODA:4,4′-ODA molar ratio of 2:8 exhibit the highest stability, with a decomposition temperature of 484.1 °C, which is 25.7 °C higher than that of the sole 3,4′-ODA-based fiber. Further, these fibers demonstrate strong chemical durability, retaining 42 % and 98 % of their tensile strength and modulus, respectively, after 24 h in 60 wt% nitric acid, whereas the latter retains only 15 % and 61 %. These findings confirm that molecular design using positional isomers effectively fine-tunes the performance of co-p-aramid fibers, establishing a foundation for developing customized high-performance fibers.

对芳纶（p-芳纶）纤维，由于其特殊的强度和模量，传统上用于防弹背心，现在广泛应用于光缆和航空航天工业。这种由先进应用驱动的不断增长的需求需要精确的性能分级，以满足不同的操作要求。本研究提出了一种合理的共聚策略，通过调整3,4 ' -氧二胺（3,4 ' -ODA）和4,4 ' -氧二胺（4,4 ' -ODA）的比例来调整对芳纶共聚物（co-对芳纶）纤维的性能。而3,4 ' -ODA提高了机械强度，4,4 ' -ODA提高了热化学稳定性。对于高强度应用，以3,4 ' -ODA为唯一共聚单体合成的co-p-芳纶纤维的拉伸模量和拉伸强度分别为80.4和3.1 GPa。3,4′-ODA:4,4′-ODA摩尔比为2:8的纤维稳定性最高，分解温度为484.1℃，比唯一的3,4′-ODA基纤维高25.7℃。此外，这些纤维表现出很强的化学耐久性，在60%的硝酸中浸泡24小时后，它们的抗拉强度和模量分别保持42%和98%，而后者仅保持15%和61%。这些发现证实，使用位置异构体的分子设计可以有效地微调co-p-芳纶纤维的性能，为开发定制化高性能纤维奠定了基础。

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