Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2023-0025
Kārlis Žagata, Dalius Butkauskas, Regina Vyšniauskienė, Vida Rančelienė, Ieva Ignatavičienė, Tūrs Selga, Andra Miķelsone, Isaak Rashal, Dace Grauda
Abstract Common duckweed ( Lemna minor L.) is a widely used plant for phytoremediation and environment monitoring of wastewater in vivo , as this plant can be efficiently grown in Petri dishes and quickly multiplied in laboratory conditions. It is also a valuable test object to study the impact of various environmental factors by measuring growth and biochemical parameters. Our goal was to establish an axenic diploid line of L. minor free from symbionts, for use as a model plant to obtain reproducible results in experiments. In this work, we used 29 L. minor clones collected in natural conditions in Lithuania and Latvia, which were naturally inhabited with bacteria and algae. The L. minor clone entitled Sta2 was found to be best to fit requirements to establish a laboratory line suitable for testing of the genetic and physiological influence of environmental factors. Application of flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and sequencing of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes proved that the selected and specifically sterilised line Sta2 was diploid and free from symbiotic bacteria or algae. Media for storage and for rapid propagation of L. minor biomass were also developed. The axenic line Sta2 can be maintained in sterile laboratory conditions and can be used as a model organism in a wide spectrum of biological and environmental investigations.
摘要:普通浮萍(Lemna minor L.)是一种被广泛应用于植物修复和废水体内环境监测的植物，因为它在培养皿中可以高效生长，在实验室条件下可以快速繁殖。通过测定生长和生化参数来研究各种环境因素的影响也是一个有价值的试验对象。我们的目标是建立一个无共生体的雌雄不育二倍体系，作为模式植物，在实验中获得可重复性的结果。在这项工作中，我们使用了29个在立陶宛和拉脱维亚自然条件下收集的L. minor无性系，这些无性系自然存在细菌和藻类。结果表明，小扁豆无性系Sta2最适合建立适合环境因素遗传和生理影响试验的实验室系。流式细胞术、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜以及过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因的测序结果证明，选择的特异性灭菌系Sta2为二倍体，无共生细菌或藻类。此外，还开发出了用于小草生物量储存和快速繁殖的培养基。无菌系Sta2可以在无菌的实验室条件下维持，可以在广泛的生物和环境研究中用作模式生物。
{"title":"Establishing of an Axenic <i>Lemna Minor</i> Line as a Model Organism for a Wide Spectre of Biological and Environmental Investigations","authors":"Kārlis Žagata, Dalius Butkauskas, Regina Vyšniauskienė, Vida Rančelienė, Ieva Ignatavičienė, Tūrs Selga, Andra Miķelsone, Isaak Rashal, Dace Grauda","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Common duckweed ( Lemna minor L.) is a widely used plant for phytoremediation and environment monitoring of wastewater in vivo , as this plant can be efficiently grown in Petri dishes and quickly multiplied in laboratory conditions. It is also a valuable test object to study the impact of various environmental factors by measuring growth and biochemical parameters. Our goal was to establish an axenic diploid line of L. minor free from symbionts, for use as a model plant to obtain reproducible results in experiments. In this work, we used 29 L. minor clones collected in natural conditions in Lithuania and Latvia, which were naturally inhabited with bacteria and algae. The L. minor clone entitled Sta2 was found to be best to fit requirements to establish a laboratory line suitable for testing of the genetic and physiological influence of environmental factors. Application of flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and sequencing of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes proved that the selected and specifically sterilised line Sta2 was diploid and free from symbiotic bacteria or algae. Media for storage and for rapid propagation of L. minor biomass were also developed. The axenic line Sta2 can be maintained in sterile laboratory conditions and can be used as a model organism in a wide spectrum of biological and environmental investigations.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135052921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D supplementation is related to improved clinical outcomes in terms of intensive care unit admission and death, particularly in individuals with moderate-to-severe forms of COVID-19. The placebo-controlled five-day study was performed on 99 hospitalised COVID-19 patients with vitamin D insufficiency randomised into two groups. Vitamin D in the form of a sublingual sprayable microemulsion was given three times daily (daily dose 12,000 IU) to 51 patients with blood 25(OH)D levels below 30 ng/ml. Forty-eight patients in the control group received a placebo spray in the same daily regimen. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and pre-protocol analysis were used to verify the impact of 25(OH)D level elevation on inflammatory markers. There was a statistically significant increase by 8.7 ± 7.6 ng/ml in 25(OH)D level from the baseline level of 15.6 ± 6.5 ng/ml in the case group. Individuals with moderately severe disease showed negative correlation between changes in 25(OH)D and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in both ITT and pre-protocol analysis ( p < 0.05). Mild and severe cases showed no statistical significance in CRP levels. There were no statistically significant changes in ferritin and IL-6 levels in ITT and pre-protocol analysis. In conclusion, high-dose vitamin D therapy was accompanied by significant decrease in CRP levels in COVID-19 patients with a moderate to severe illness.
{"title":"Impact of Vitamin D Therapy on C-Reactive Protein, Ferritin, and IL-6 Levels in Hospitalised Covid-19 Patients","authors":"Sintija Sauša, Svjatoslavs Kistkins, Lelde Krūzmane, Daina Kalniņa, Betija Jurģe, Kristīne Ivanova, Zane Svikle, Aija Frīdvalde, Valērija Roškova, Rebeka Elīza Zariņa, Terēze Treimane, Kristīne Geldnere, Ilva Trapiņa, Valdis Pīrāgs","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D supplementation is related to improved clinical outcomes in terms of intensive care unit admission and death, particularly in individuals with moderate-to-severe forms of COVID-19. The placebo-controlled five-day study was performed on 99 hospitalised COVID-19 patients with vitamin D insufficiency randomised into two groups. Vitamin D in the form of a sublingual sprayable microemulsion was given three times daily (daily dose 12,000 IU) to 51 patients with blood 25(OH)D levels below 30 ng/ml. Forty-eight patients in the control group received a placebo spray in the same daily regimen. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and pre-protocol analysis were used to verify the impact of 25(OH)D level elevation on inflammatory markers. There was a statistically significant increase by 8.7 ± 7.6 ng/ml in 25(OH)D level from the baseline level of 15.6 ± 6.5 ng/ml in the case group. Individuals with moderately severe disease showed negative correlation between changes in 25(OH)D and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in both ITT and pre-protocol analysis ( p < 0.05). Mild and severe cases showed no statistical significance in CRP levels. There were no statistically significant changes in ferritin and IL-6 levels in ITT and pre-protocol analysis. In conclusion, high-dose vitamin D therapy was accompanied by significant decrease in CRP levels in COVID-19 patients with a moderate to severe illness.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2023-0028
Jana Lakstiņa, Inga Ciproviča, Jeļena Zagorska
Abstract Consumer perception of organic milk is associated with the assumption that organic milk differs from conventionally produced milk. The aim of the present study was to analyse calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus concentration in organic milk in the context of the season. The study was conducted from November 2019 to the end of October 2020. Over a year, raw bulk milk samples were collected and analysed. The milk for the study was supplied by two organic farms located in Latvia. Cows received a total mixed ration consisting of high moisture maize silage, grass silage, etc. The chemical composition of the total mixed rations was analysed, as well as fat, protein, lactose, milk solids non-fat, and total solids, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium content in organic milk were determined. Seasonal variation in milk composition was observed. The average calcium concentration in our study was 107.96 ± 9.61 mg·100 g −1 with a lower average concentration 97 mg·100 g −1 in organic milk in March. The concentration of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium was higher in organic milk during the spring–summer season. The sale of organic milk is growing in Latvia, and the presence of a favourable level of calcium in organic milk during the whole year should be reached, providing calcium concentration in cow’s milk around 120 mg·100 g −1 throughout the lactation period. Milk and milk products are an important part of daily nutrition, recommended to every consumer due to their wholesomeness and calcium concentration. Evaluating the bone health data of the Latvian population, 100 ml of milk consumption should provide at least 15% of the recommended daily intake of calcium.
{"title":"Macroelement Seasonal Variations in Latvian Organic Milk","authors":"Jana Lakstiņa, Inga Ciproviča, Jeļena Zagorska","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Consumer perception of organic milk is associated with the assumption that organic milk differs from conventionally produced milk. The aim of the present study was to analyse calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus concentration in organic milk in the context of the season. The study was conducted from November 2019 to the end of October 2020. Over a year, raw bulk milk samples were collected and analysed. The milk for the study was supplied by two organic farms located in Latvia. Cows received a total mixed ration consisting of high moisture maize silage, grass silage, etc. The chemical composition of the total mixed rations was analysed, as well as fat, protein, lactose, milk solids non-fat, and total solids, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium content in organic milk were determined. Seasonal variation in milk composition was observed. The average calcium concentration in our study was 107.96 ± 9.61 mg·100 g −1 with a lower average concentration 97 mg·100 g −1 in organic milk in March. The concentration of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium was higher in organic milk during the spring–summer season. The sale of organic milk is growing in Latvia, and the presence of a favourable level of calcium in organic milk during the whole year should be reached, providing calcium concentration in cow’s milk around 120 mg·100 g −1 throughout the lactation period. Milk and milk products are an important part of daily nutrition, recommended to every consumer due to their wholesomeness and calcium concentration. Evaluating the bone health data of the Latvian population, 100 ml of milk consumption should provide at least 15% of the recommended daily intake of calcium.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2023-0026
Dace Grauda, Dalius Butkauskas, Regina Vyšniauskienė, Vida Rančelienė, Nikole KrasņevskA, Andra Miķelsone, Kārlis Žagata, Valters Gobiņš, Isaak Rashal, Dāvis Rašals, Ieva Ignatavičienė, Rimantas Petrosius, Inese Vilcāne, Inga Ļašenko
Abstract An established biotesting system designed to discover specific features of innovative multifunctional biotextile, encompassing integrated silica dioxide and succinite (Baltic amber) particles, is founded on reproducible, reliable, and relatively fast methods. The main idea starting this study was to create a system of test methods devoted to identification of specific features of biotextile materials designed to preserve living organisms from adverse environmental factors like enhanced electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies, without use of vivarium animals. Cultures of the freshwater macrophyte duckweed ( Lemna minor ) line Sta2 and fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) were chosen as model systems suitable for the study of the influence of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation. The experiments showed changes of phenotypic features and growth parameters of test objects, as well as induction of point mutations of DNA (for example, insertions or deletions in chloroplast DNA and nucleotide substitutions in nuclear genes). The responses of test organisms induced by EMF were studied using microscopy, flow cytometry, and DNA sequencing methods. On the cell level, a new fast flow cytometry method for biotextile testing was developed: immature gametic (pollen) cell cultures were used as a highly sensitive model system (plant gametic cell response is comparable to human neutrophil response) to study the influence of EMF radiation. The method was based on the measurement of differences of fluorescence intensity between group of cells experimentally affected by EMF radiation and non-affected cells.
{"title":"Establishment of Biotesting System to Study Features of Innovative Multifunctional Biotextile","authors":"Dace Grauda, Dalius Butkauskas, Regina Vyšniauskienė, Vida Rančelienė, Nikole KrasņevskA, Andra Miķelsone, Kārlis Žagata, Valters Gobiņš, Isaak Rashal, Dāvis Rašals, Ieva Ignatavičienė, Rimantas Petrosius, Inese Vilcāne, Inga Ļašenko","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An established biotesting system designed to discover specific features of innovative multifunctional biotextile, encompassing integrated silica dioxide and succinite (Baltic amber) particles, is founded on reproducible, reliable, and relatively fast methods. The main idea starting this study was to create a system of test methods devoted to identification of specific features of biotextile materials designed to preserve living organisms from adverse environmental factors like enhanced electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies, without use of vivarium animals. Cultures of the freshwater macrophyte duckweed ( Lemna minor ) line Sta2 and fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) were chosen as model systems suitable for the study of the influence of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation. The experiments showed changes of phenotypic features and growth parameters of test objects, as well as induction of point mutations of DNA (for example, insertions or deletions in chloroplast DNA and nucleotide substitutions in nuclear genes). The responses of test organisms induced by EMF were studied using microscopy, flow cytometry, and DNA sequencing methods. On the cell level, a new fast flow cytometry method for biotextile testing was developed: immature gametic (pollen) cell cultures were used as a highly sensitive model system (plant gametic cell response is comparable to human neutrophil response) to study the influence of EMF radiation. The method was based on the measurement of differences of fluorescence intensity between group of cells experimentally affected by EMF radiation and non-affected cells.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135052926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535815
V. Šķipars, E. Sokolova, S. Seile, D. Ruņģis, L. Legzdiņa
Abstract Breeding for resistance to true loose smut infection caused by the pathogen (Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr.) is an economical and environmentally safe way to limit the effect of this pathogen on barley. However, screening for resistance using natural infection can lead to inconsistent results and artificial inoculation is labour intensive, and unless done in growth chambers or greenhouses, can also be affected by environmental conditions, leading to inconsistent phenotyping. Marker-assisted selection of genes conferring disease resistance can increase the efficiency of breeding programmes. A candidate gene for Un8 resistance was used to develop a genetic marker, which was tested on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the resistant ‘CDC Freedom’ and the susceptible ‘Samson’ varieties. The RIL population (98 lines) was pheno-typed for resistance to true loose smut by artificial inoculation and genotyped with the newly developed marker. Only one of the 98 RILs tested had a resistant genotype, but was susceptible according to the artificial inoculation results. The marker was also tested in 47 additional barley cultivars and breeding material, and of the five lines with inconsistent results, four were susceptible according to the genotyping results, but were resistant according to the artificial inoculation results, while one line was resistant according to the genotyping results but had a susceptible resistance phenotype.
{"title":"Development of a Marker within the Candidate Un8 True Loose Smut Resistance Gene for Use in Barley Breeding","authors":"V. Šķipars, E. Sokolova, S. Seile, D. Ruņģis, L. Legzdiņa","doi":"10.1101/2023.04.06.535815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.06.535815","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Breeding for resistance to true loose smut infection caused by the pathogen (Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr.) is an economical and environmentally safe way to limit the effect of this pathogen on barley. However, screening for resistance using natural infection can lead to inconsistent results and artificial inoculation is labour intensive, and unless done in growth chambers or greenhouses, can also be affected by environmental conditions, leading to inconsistent phenotyping. Marker-assisted selection of genes conferring disease resistance can increase the efficiency of breeding programmes. A candidate gene for Un8 resistance was used to develop a genetic marker, which was tested on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the resistant ‘CDC Freedom’ and the susceptible ‘Samson’ varieties. The RIL population (98 lines) was pheno-typed for resistance to true loose smut by artificial inoculation and genotyped with the newly developed marker. Only one of the 98 RILs tested had a resistant genotype, but was susceptible according to the artificial inoculation results. The marker was also tested in 47 additional barley cultivars and breeding material, and of the five lines with inconsistent results, four were susceptible according to the genotyping results, but were resistant according to the artificial inoculation results, while one line was resistant according to the genotyping results but had a susceptible resistance phenotype.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86560004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2023-0016
Y. Dekhtyar, Hermanis Sorokins, Sabīne Teifurova
Abstract Cell attachment is of paramount importance in implant design, bioreactor design, tissue engineering and the design of non-fouling surfaces. Surface roughness is a significant factor that affects cell attachment. To explore the impact of roughness characteristics, micromachining approaches can be used to fabricate surfaces with controlled microscale topography. When optical microscopy is employed to study cell attachment to optically opaque micropatterned surfaces, one needs to separate the area of an image coated with cells from the background. Manual cell counting can be used to assess the amount of attached cells. However, this process is very time consuming, when the studied surface is larger than several square millimeters. This paper describes an approach for the automatic estimation of the area of cells attached to the surfaces of micro-patterned optically opaque platforms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were used to test the developed approach. The approach uses image registration and segmentation tools available in MathWorks MATLAB R2020b Image Processing Toolbox. The factors that affect the accuracy of the developed approach (magnification, contrast and focus) as well as the ways of improving the results are discussed.
{"title":"A Matlab-Based Approach for Estimating the Area Taken Up by Cells Attached to Micropatterned Optically Opaque Surfaces","authors":"Y. Dekhtyar, Hermanis Sorokins, Sabīne Teifurova","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cell attachment is of paramount importance in implant design, bioreactor design, tissue engineering and the design of non-fouling surfaces. Surface roughness is a significant factor that affects cell attachment. To explore the impact of roughness characteristics, micromachining approaches can be used to fabricate surfaces with controlled microscale topography. When optical microscopy is employed to study cell attachment to optically opaque micropatterned surfaces, one needs to separate the area of an image coated with cells from the background. Manual cell counting can be used to assess the amount of attached cells. However, this process is very time consuming, when the studied surface is larger than several square millimeters. This paper describes an approach for the automatic estimation of the area of cells attached to the surfaces of micro-patterned optically opaque platforms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were used to test the developed approach. The approach uses image registration and segmentation tools available in MathWorks MATLAB R2020b Image Processing Toolbox. The factors that affect the accuracy of the developed approach (magnification, contrast and focus) as well as the ways of improving the results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82451992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2023-0018
Liene Jansone, D. Kunkulberga
Abstract The article provides a study of the quantitative composition of amino acids in some baked flour confectionery product of plant and animal origin. The objective of the study was to determine the profiles of indispensable amino acids in several products. Source materials with high content of protein, and which have been used for the production of these confectionery products were studied. A source of protein in final products that contain ingredients of animal origin is cottage cheese, the content of which in the products amounts to 25% and 50%. The sources of protein in products that contain ingredients of plant origin include tofu, soya protein isolate, chickpea flour, and coconut milk. The results showed evidence of the presence of a full profile of indispensable amino acids in all tested products. The source ingredients had high biological value with well-balanced content of indispensable amino acids. The only exception was coconut milk, which had the lowest calculated amino acid amounts among the tested raw materials. Tofu cake contained leucine with the highest concentration — 0.78 g/100 g of product, followed by lysine (0.5 g/100 g). Tofu muffin with chickpea flour contained 0.63 g/100 g leucine and 0.45 g/100 g lysine. The profiles of indispensable amino acids showed that these products can excellently help to supplement daily needs for indispensable amino acids.
{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Indispensable Amino Acids in the Flour Confectionery Food Products of Plant Origin — Tofu Cake and Tofu Muffin with Chickpea Flour","authors":"Liene Jansone, D. Kunkulberga","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article provides a study of the quantitative composition of amino acids in some baked flour confectionery product of plant and animal origin. The objective of the study was to determine the profiles of indispensable amino acids in several products. Source materials with high content of protein, and which have been used for the production of these confectionery products were studied. A source of protein in final products that contain ingredients of animal origin is cottage cheese, the content of which in the products amounts to 25% and 50%. The sources of protein in products that contain ingredients of plant origin include tofu, soya protein isolate, chickpea flour, and coconut milk. The results showed evidence of the presence of a full profile of indispensable amino acids in all tested products. The source ingredients had high biological value with well-balanced content of indispensable amino acids. The only exception was coconut milk, which had the lowest calculated amino acid amounts among the tested raw materials. Tofu cake contained leucine with the highest concentration — 0.78 g/100 g of product, followed by lysine (0.5 g/100 g). Tofu muffin with chickpea flour contained 0.63 g/100 g leucine and 0.45 g/100 g lysine. The profiles of indispensable amino acids showed that these products can excellently help to supplement daily needs for indispensable amino acids.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90352887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2023-0013
Inese Blimhena-Pastare, R. Valante, Agnete Teivāne, E. Miglāne
Abstract Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) remains the most devastating type of stroke with the highest morbidity and mortality. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, serious modifications have been made in health care systems, affecting patients with all kinds of disease, including SICH. This study compared mortality rates, and clinical and functional outcomes of patients diagnosed with SICH in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 time periods. Retrospective analysis was performed using patient data from Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital from 2018 to 2021, dividing it into two subgroups based on the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 329 patients in total were analysed. No statistically significant differences were found in mortality rate (p = 0.389) and neurological status at hospital admission (p = 0.309) between the time periods prior to COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 period. A statistically significant difference was found in the clinical status of patients (p = 0.016) measured using the Glasgow Coma Scale, indicating a worse level of consciousness of patients diagnosed with SICH at the time of admission to the hospital in the COVID-19 period. No statistically significant differences were found in the clinical outcome (p = 0.204) and functional outcome (p = 0.556) of the patients at discharge from the hospital. In the COVID-19 period, admission of patients with SICH fell by 25%. For patients with SICH, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a reduced admission rate and a worse level of consciousness at the time of admission, calling for further research to identify what caused it and how to avoid delayed medical help in the case of the development of acute neurological symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak.
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mortality Rate and Clinical Outcome of Patients Admitted to Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital With Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage","authors":"Inese Blimhena-Pastare, R. Valante, Agnete Teivāne, E. Miglāne","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) remains the most devastating type of stroke with the highest morbidity and mortality. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, serious modifications have been made in health care systems, affecting patients with all kinds of disease, including SICH. This study compared mortality rates, and clinical and functional outcomes of patients diagnosed with SICH in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 time periods. Retrospective analysis was performed using patient data from Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital from 2018 to 2021, dividing it into two subgroups based on the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 329 patients in total were analysed. No statistically significant differences were found in mortality rate (p = 0.389) and neurological status at hospital admission (p = 0.309) between the time periods prior to COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 period. A statistically significant difference was found in the clinical status of patients (p = 0.016) measured using the Glasgow Coma Scale, indicating a worse level of consciousness of patients diagnosed with SICH at the time of admission to the hospital in the COVID-19 period. No statistically significant differences were found in the clinical outcome (p = 0.204) and functional outcome (p = 0.556) of the patients at discharge from the hospital. In the COVID-19 period, admission of patients with SICH fell by 25%. For patients with SICH, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a reduced admission rate and a worse level of consciousness at the time of admission, calling for further research to identify what caused it and how to avoid delayed medical help in the case of the development of acute neurological symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72457419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2023-0017
I. Piginka-Vjaceslavova, O. Ponomarjova, Lāsma Lacberga, I. Sematovica, M. Zolovs, A. Vanaga
Abstract In cows embryo transfer occurs on the 7th day of the oestrous cycle. Embryo survival and successful pregnancy depend on many factors, including early interaction between embryo and endometrium. Therefore, the aim of our research was to describe histo-morphological characteristics of endometrium in donor and recipient cows on obtaining and transfer day, respectively (7th day of the oestrus cycle). In addition, progesterone and oestradiol levels, the ipsilateral and contralateral corpus luteum, animal age, lactation number and days postpartum were determined. The results of the study revealed a significant difference in endometrial gland cell size, vacuolisation of glandular epithelium cytoplasm, and stromal oedema in the donor and recipient cows. However, these parameters were related only to the level of progesterone in the blood, and no other investigated factors in this study.
{"title":"Histological Characteristics of the Endometrium and its Affecting Factors in Dairy Cattle (Bos taurus) on Embryo Transfer Day","authors":"I. Piginka-Vjaceslavova, O. Ponomarjova, Lāsma Lacberga, I. Sematovica, M. Zolovs, A. Vanaga","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In cows embryo transfer occurs on the 7th day of the oestrous cycle. Embryo survival and successful pregnancy depend on many factors, including early interaction between embryo and endometrium. Therefore, the aim of our research was to describe histo-morphological characteristics of endometrium in donor and recipient cows on obtaining and transfer day, respectively (7th day of the oestrus cycle). In addition, progesterone and oestradiol levels, the ipsilateral and contralateral corpus luteum, animal age, lactation number and days postpartum were determined. The results of the study revealed a significant difference in endometrial gland cell size, vacuolisation of glandular epithelium cytoplasm, and stromal oedema in the donor and recipient cows. However, these parameters were related only to the level of progesterone in the blood, and no other investigated factors in this study.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74094063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2023-0014
E. Rostoka, S. Isajevs, J. Sokolovska, G. Duburs, N. Sjakste
Abstract Diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure and worsens prognosis for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Its development depends on many factors, including modification of nitric oxide production and impaired DNA repair. The goal of the present work was to study in vivo effects of a 1,4-dihydropyridine AV-153, known as antimutagen and DNA-binder, on DNA integrity, and on the expression of several proteins involved in glucose transport, nitric oxide metabolism, and DNA repair in myocardium in diabetic rats. DM was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Expression of proteins was studied by means of immunohistochemistry. Development of the STZ-induced DM significantly induced PARP1 and gamma H2AX histone, markers of DNA breakage, protein expression in heart tissue, while AV-153 administration decreased PARP1 and H2AX protein expression. In this model of diabetes, myocardial expression of iNOS was also significantly increased, but administration of AV-153 reduced it to normal levels. AV-153 also upregulated the expression of insulin-dependent GLUT4 and insulin-independent GLUT1 glucose transporters up to normal level in diabetic rats. Thus, AV-153 appears to be prospective for creation of a remedy for prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
{"title":"Antimutagenic 1,4-Dihydropyridine AV-153 Normalizes Expression of GLUT1, GLUT4, INOS, PARP1, and Gamma H2AX Histone in Myocardium of Rats with Streptozotocin Model of Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"E. Rostoka, S. Isajevs, J. Sokolovska, G. Duburs, N. Sjakste","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure and worsens prognosis for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Its development depends on many factors, including modification of nitric oxide production and impaired DNA repair. The goal of the present work was to study in vivo effects of a 1,4-dihydropyridine AV-153, known as antimutagen and DNA-binder, on DNA integrity, and on the expression of several proteins involved in glucose transport, nitric oxide metabolism, and DNA repair in myocardium in diabetic rats. DM was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Expression of proteins was studied by means of immunohistochemistry. Development of the STZ-induced DM significantly induced PARP1 and gamma H2AX histone, markers of DNA breakage, protein expression in heart tissue, while AV-153 administration decreased PARP1 and H2AX protein expression. In this model of diabetes, myocardial expression of iNOS was also significantly increased, but administration of AV-153 reduced it to normal levels. AV-153 also upregulated the expression of insulin-dependent GLUT4 and insulin-independent GLUT1 glucose transporters up to normal level in diabetic rats. Thus, AV-153 appears to be prospective for creation of a remedy for prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75786237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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