P. O. Chernigova, L. M. Sinegovskaya, L. N. Parshina, I. Sterkhova, V. I. Smirnov
The study considers metal complexes based on N-styrylbenzimidazole as compounds having significant pharmacological properties The work is aimed at examining the crystal structure and electronic structure of transition metal bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complexes (copper (II) (complex A) and cobalt (II) (complex B)) with N-styrylbenzimidazole using X-ray diffraction analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis was used to prove bipyramidal coordination in copper (II) and cobalt (II) bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complexes with N-styrylbenzimidazole. The atoms of copper (II) and cobalt (II) in the complexes exhibit an unusual for β-diketonate complexes distorted square-planar coordination, while the chelate cycles in M(hfacac)2L are characterized by anomalously large kink angles. Thus, for the copper (II) bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complex, the kink angle of the O3∙∙∙O4 interaction for the equatorially positioned ligand is 29.47°, while for the axially positioned ligand, the kink angle of the O1∙∙∙O2 interaction is 19.13°. For the cobalt (II) bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complex, these angles are 22.10 and 19.50°, respectively. Electron spectroscopy was used to examine the electronic structure of the specified complexes. The following types of electronic transitions were identified: π→π*-transitions primarily localized on ligands, as well as transitions caused by electron transfer from the p-orbital of the hetero nitrogen atom of the styrylbenzimidazole cycle to the d-orbital of metal ions, and n→π transition localized on the imidazole ring. For each of the complexes, d-d* transitions between the molecular orbitals of the corresponding metal ion were localized in the long wavelength part of the spectrum.
该研究认为基于 N-苯乙烯基苯并咪唑的金属配合物是具有重要药理特性的化合物。该研究旨在利用 X 射线衍射分析和紫外光谱分析，研究过渡金属双（六氟乙酰丙酮）配合物（铜（II）（配合物 A）和钴（II）（配合物 B））与 N-苯乙烯基苯并咪唑的晶体结构和电子结构。 X 射线衍射分析证明了铜 (II) 和钴 (II) 与 N-苯乙烯基苯并咪唑的双(六氟乙酰丙酮)络合物中的双柱配位。络合物中的铜（II）和钴（II）原子表现出对 β-二酮酸络合物来说不同寻常的扭曲方平面配位，而 M(hfacac)2L 中的螯合循环则表现出异常大的扭角。因此，对于双（六氟乙酰丙酮）铜 (II) 配合物，赤道定位配体的 O3∙∙∙O4 相互作用的折角为 29.47°，而轴向定位配体的 O1∙∙∙O2 相互作用的折角为 19.13°。对于双（六氟乙酰丙酮）钴 (II) 复合物，这两个角度分别为 22.10 度和 19.50 度。电子显微镜用于研究特定配合物的电子结构。确定了以下类型的电子跃迁：主要发生在配体上的π→π*转变，以及电子从苯乙烯苯并咪唑环的杂氮原子的 p 轨道转移到金属离子的 d 轨道所引起的转变，以及发生在咪唑环上的 n→π 转变。对于每种配合物，相应金属离子分子轨道之间的 d-d* 转变都定位于光谱的长波长部分。
{"title":"Copper (II) and cobalt (II) bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) coordination complexes with N-styrylbenzimidazole","authors":"P. O. Chernigova, L. M. Sinegovskaya, L. N. Parshina, I. Sterkhova, V. I. Smirnov","doi":"10.21285/achb.913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.913","url":null,"abstract":" The study considers metal complexes based on N-styrylbenzimidazole as compounds having significant pharmacological properties The work is aimed at examining the crystal structure and electronic structure of transition metal bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complexes (copper (II) (complex A) and cobalt (II) (complex B)) with N-styrylbenzimidazole using X-ray diffraction analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis was used to prove bipyramidal coordination in copper (II) and cobalt (II) bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complexes with N-styrylbenzimidazole. The atoms of copper (II) and cobalt (II) in the complexes exhibit an unusual for β-diketonate complexes distorted square-planar coordination, while the chelate cycles in M(hfacac)2L are characterized by anomalously large kink angles. Thus, for the copper (II) bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complex, the kink angle of the O3∙∙∙O4 interaction for the equatorially positioned ligand is 29.47°, while for the axially positioned ligand, the kink angle of the O1∙∙∙O2 interaction is 19.13°. For the cobalt (II) bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complex, these angles are 22.10 and 19.50°, respectively. Electron spectroscopy was used to examine the electronic structure of the specified complexes. The following types of electronic transitions were identified: π→π*-transitions primarily localized on ligands, as well as transitions caused by electron transfer from the p-orbital of the hetero nitrogen atom of the styrylbenzimidazole cycle to the d-orbital of metal ions, and n→π transition localized on the imidazole ring. For each of the complexes, d-d* transitions between the molecular orbitals of the corresponding metal ion were localized in the long wavelength part of the spectrum.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of renewable sources of cellulosic feedstock to produce high value-added products is a relevant issue. Cellulosic feedstock constitutes a natural matrix comprising cellulose (38–50 %), lignin (10–25 %), and hemicel-luloses (23–32 %). In order to break it down, pretreatment involving the removal of hemicelluloses and lignin is required. This process can change the chemical composition and structure of cellulose while increasing porosity. This review article provides an analysis of data on the hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion of cellulosic feedstock (sunflower straw, lawn grass, poplar sawdust, hay, reed, aspen, giant reed, silage, etc.) intended to convert it into substrates for the synthesis of biotechnological products (protein, biohydrogen, biogas, levulinic acid, methane, lactic acid, ethanol, and succinic acid). Hydrothermal treatment involves treating raw materials at 160–240 °С in water under high pressure. Pressure keeps water in a liquid state. During steam explosion, feedstock is treated with steam at a moderate temperature and pressure for a certain amount of time. Then, the pressure is rapidly released, and the fibers of cellulosic feedstock expand. The effectiveness of hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion depends both on the type of feedstock (chemical composition, solids concentration, and properties of solids) as well as on the conditions of hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion.
{"title":"Preliminary hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion of cellulosic feedstock for the subsequent biotechnological transformation: A review","authors":"E. K. Gladysheva","doi":"10.21285/achb.919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.919","url":null,"abstract":" The use of renewable sources of cellulosic feedstock to produce high value-added products is a relevant issue. Cellulosic feedstock constitutes a natural matrix comprising cellulose (38–50 %), lignin (10–25 %), and hemicel-luloses (23–32 %). In order to break it down, pretreatment involving the removal of hemicelluloses and lignin is required. This process can change the chemical composition and structure of cellulose while increasing porosity. This review article provides an analysis of data on the hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion of cellulosic feedstock (sunflower straw, lawn grass, poplar sawdust, hay, reed, aspen, giant reed, silage, etc.) intended to convert it into substrates for the synthesis of biotechnological products (protein, biohydrogen, biogas, levulinic acid, methane, lactic acid, ethanol, and succinic acid). Hydrothermal treatment involves treating raw materials at 160–240 °С in water under high pressure. Pressure keeps water in a liquid state. During steam explosion, feedstock is treated with steam at a moderate temperature and pressure for a certain amount of time. Then, the pressure is rapidly released, and the fibers of cellulosic feedstock expand. The effectiveness of hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion depends both on the type of feedstock (chemical composition, solids concentration, and properties of solids) as well as on the conditions of hydrothermal treatment and steam explosion.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold plasma treatment is a new technology for non-thermal processing of food products, which helps to increase the expiration date of plant foods without adversely affecting their nutritional value and organoleptic parameters. The work was aimed at analyzing studies into the effect of cold plasma treatment of plant materials on their chemical composition and secondary plant metabolites, as well as organoleptic parameters. The review includes articles published in English in 2015–2023. The search for scientific literature on this topic was conducted across Scopus and Web of Science using keywords. The studies show that the effect of cold plasma treatment on proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and organoleptic parameters of plant materials depended primarily on the exposure time, intensity, power, frequency, gas flow rate, as well as the amount and type of processed plant materials. Due to the high oxidation potential and antimicrobial activity, cold plasma technology can provide an effective way to increase the shelf life and expiration date of plant materials without adversely affecting the organoleptic parameters, physicochemical parameters, and nutritional value of the product. However, limitations exist for its widespread industrial implementation. Further studies are required to determine specific treatment parameters for different types of materials and to confirm the safety and possible toxicity of cold plasma-treated food products.
冷等离子处理是一种对食品进行非热加工的新技术，有助于延长植物食品的保质期，而不会对其营养价值和感官参数产生不利影响。 这项工作旨在分析冷等离子体处理植物材料对其化学成分和次生植物代谢物以及感官参数的影响。 综述包括 2015-2023 年间发表的英文文章。使用关键词在 Scopus 和 Web of Science 上搜索了有关该主题的科学文献。研究表明，冷等离子体处理对植物材料的蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物以及感官参数的影响主要取决于暴露时间、强度、功率、频率、气体流速以及处理植物材料的数量和类型。由于冷等离子体技术具有高氧化潜能和抗菌活性，因此可以有效延长植物材料的保质期和有效期，而不会对产品的感官参数、理化参数和营养价值产生不利影响。然而，这种方法在工业上的广泛应用还存在局限性。还需要进一步研究，以确定不同类型材料的具体处理参数，并确认冷等离子处理食品的安全性和可能的毒性。
{"title":"Effect of cold plasma treatment on the quality and nutritional value of plant materials. Scoping review","authors":"L. Burak, A. N. Sapach, A. Zavaley","doi":"10.21285/achb.914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.914","url":null,"abstract":" Cold plasma treatment is a new technology for non-thermal processing of food products, which helps to increase the expiration date of plant foods without adversely affecting their nutritional value and organoleptic parameters. The work was aimed at analyzing studies into the effect of cold plasma treatment of plant materials on their chemical composition and secondary plant metabolites, as well as organoleptic parameters. The review includes articles published in English in 2015–2023. The search for scientific literature on this topic was conducted across Scopus and Web of Science using keywords. The studies show that the effect of cold plasma treatment on proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and organoleptic parameters of plant materials depended primarily on the exposure time, intensity, power, frequency, gas flow rate, as well as the amount and type of processed plant materials. Due to the high oxidation potential and antimicrobial activity, cold plasma technology can provide an effective way to increase the shelf life and expiration date of plant materials without adversely affecting the organoleptic parameters, physicochemical parameters, and nutritional value of the product. However, limitations exist for its widespread industrial implementation. Further studies are required to determine specific treatment parameters for different types of materials and to confirm the safety and possible toxicity of cold plasma-treated food products.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work is aimed at the directed synthesis of new phases of tungstates containing mono-, tri-, and tetravalent metals, as well as the determination of their crystallographic, thermal, and electrophysical properties. The study used the method of solid-phase synthesis to obtain tungstate phases with composition MRA0.5(WO4)3 (M – singly, R – triply-, and A – tetra-charged elements) within the temperature range of 400–750 °С. Their crystallographic and thermal characteristics were determined. The synthesized ternary tungstates crystallizing in a hexagonal system were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The technique revealed an increase in the melting temperatures of compounds with increasing ionic radius of the trivalent cation in the series CsRTi0.5(WO4)3 (R = Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, In). The same correlation is observed when switching from rubidium to cesium derivatives. The thermal stability of ternary titanium and hafnium tungstates was compared. The melting temperatures of RbRTi0.5(WO4)3 are about 20 °С higher than those of their hafnium counterparts. The dielectric characteristics of CsRTi0.5(WO4)3 (R = Fe, Cr) belonging to the ternary tungstate family were analyzed via impedance spectroscopy. The temperature and frequency dependences of the conductivity of ternary tungstates at different frequencies (1 Hz – 1 mHz), measured in heating and cooling modes, are characterized by a slight temperature hysteresis, reaching 10-2–10-3 S/cm in the high-temperature region at activation energy values of 0.4–0.5 eV. The impedance frequency spectra measured within the range of 1 Hz – 1 mHz at different temperatures confirm the ion-conducting properties of the sample, which allows the obtained phases to be considered promising solid electrolytes.
{"title":"Ternary cesium(rubidium) tungstates: production and impedance spectroscopy","authors":"S. G. Dorzhieva, J. Bazarova","doi":"10.21285/achb.910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.910","url":null,"abstract":" The work is aimed at the directed synthesis of new phases of tungstates containing mono-, tri-, and tetravalent metals, as well as the determination of their crystallographic, thermal, and electrophysical properties. The study used the method of solid-phase synthesis to obtain tungstate phases with composition MRA0.5(WO4)3 (M – singly, R – triply-, and A – tetra-charged elements) within the temperature range of 400–750 °С. Their crystallographic and thermal characteristics were determined. The synthesized ternary tungstates crystallizing in a hexagonal system were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The technique revealed an increase in the melting temperatures of compounds with increasing ionic radius of the trivalent cation in the series CsRTi0.5(WO4)3 (R = Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, In). The same correlation is observed when switching from rubidium to cesium derivatives. The thermal stability of ternary titanium and hafnium tungstates was compared. The melting temperatures of RbRTi0.5(WO4)3 are about 20 °С higher than those of their hafnium counterparts. The dielectric characteristics of CsRTi0.5(WO4)3 (R = Fe, Cr) belonging to the ternary tungstate family were analyzed via impedance spectroscopy. The temperature and frequency dependences of the conductivity of ternary tungstates at different frequencies (1 Hz – 1 mHz), measured in heating and cooling modes, are characterized by a slight temperature hysteresis, reaching 10-2–10-3 S/cm in the high-temperature region at activation energy values of 0.4–0.5 eV. The impedance frequency spectra measured within the range of 1 Hz – 1 mHz at different temperatures confirm the ion-conducting properties of the sample, which allows the obtained phases to be considered promising solid electrolytes.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work continues a systematic study to find efficient and accessible methods for the synthesis ofN-sulfonylimines of polyhaloaldehydes and to analyze their properties. In the reaction of N,N-dichlorobenzene sulfon-amide with tribromoethylene, N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)amide of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid was obtained for the first time with a quantitative yield at boiling water bath temperature in carbon tetrachloride medium. The infrared spectra of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide reveal the absorption bands of sulfonic (1360 and 1165 cm-1) and NH (3275 cm-1) groups, while the 1H NMR spectra show a signal for azomethine protons within the region of 8.3–8.6 ppm. The 13C NMR spectra exhibit a signal for the CBr3 group within the region of ~31–43 ppm, while the signal characteristic of the CBr2Сl group within the region of ~53–56 ppm is absent. This means that no imine of dibromochloroacetic aldehyde is formed during the reaction. Thus, an efficient method for the synthesis of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide was developed, and the chemoselectivity of this reaction was found to depend on the process temperature. It was shown that N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide has amidoalkylating properties. A reaction of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide with benzene, toluene, anisole, and 2-chlorothiophene in the presence of an acid catalyst yielded p-substituted aromatic derivatives and 2,5-substituted thiophene derivatives. Infrared spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C) revealed that the substitution reaction proceeds regioselectively. All the obtained products were isolated in pure form as powders soluble in polar organic solvents and insoluble in water. The yields of 4-chloro-N-(1-phenyl-2,2,2-tribromoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2,2-tribromoethyl]-benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2,2-tribromoethyl]-benzene-sulfonamide, and 4-chloro-N-[2,2,2-tribromoethyl-1-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)ethyl]-benzenesulfonamide amounted to 74, 72, 64, and 74 %, respectively.
{"title":"Synthesis and properties of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide","authors":"Yu. A. Aizina, D. O. Tkachuk, N. S. Shaglaeva","doi":"10.21285/achb.921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.921","url":null,"abstract":"The present work continues a systematic study to find efficient and accessible methods for the synthesis ofN-sulfonylimines of polyhaloaldehydes and to analyze their properties. In the reaction of N,N-dichlorobenzene sulfon-amide with tribromoethylene, N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)amide of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid was obtained for the first time with a quantitative yield at boiling water bath temperature in carbon tetrachloride medium. The infrared spectra of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide reveal the absorption bands of sulfonic (1360 and 1165 cm-1) and NH (3275 cm-1) groups, while the 1H NMR spectra show a signal for azomethine protons within the region of 8.3–8.6 ppm. The 13C NMR spectra exhibit a signal for the CBr3 group within the region of ~31–43 ppm, while the signal characteristic of the CBr2Сl group within the region of ~53–56 ppm is absent. This means that no imine of dibromochloroacetic aldehyde is formed during the reaction. Thus, an efficient method for the synthesis of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide was developed, and the chemoselectivity of this reaction was found to depend on the process temperature. It was shown that N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide has amidoalkylating properties. A reaction of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide with benzene, toluene, anisole, and 2-chlorothiophene in the presence of an acid catalyst yielded p-substituted aromatic derivatives and 2,5-substituted thiophene derivatives. Infrared spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C) revealed that the substitution reaction proceeds regioselectively. All the obtained products were isolated in pure form as powders soluble in polar organic solvents and insoluble in water. The yields of 4-chloro-N-(1-phenyl-2,2,2-tribromoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2,2-tribromoethyl]-benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2,2-tribromoethyl]-benzene-sulfonamide, and 4-chloro-N-[2,2,2-tribromoethyl-1-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)ethyl]-benzenesulfonamide amounted to 74, 72, 64, and 74 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. V. Spiridonona, I. Kapustina, V. Gurina, N. V. Semyonova, N. Ozolina
The study set out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of copper ions on the composition of phytosterols of the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). To characterise the stress caused by the action of copper ions, a conductometric study of the permeability of cell membranes and the level of lipid peroxidation was carried out. The results demonstrate an increase in these indicators in beetroot tissues. Among tonoplast phytosterols, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and cholesterol were studied. In cell membranes, these phytosterols perform a structural function, contributing to lipid microdomain formation, influencing plant growth and development, and participating in plant responses to stress. The study of the effect of copper ions on tonoplast phytosterols showed most of them to be occupied by the free form. In the presence of 100 μM copper, a significant increase in campesterol content was detected. The ratio of stigmasterol/β-sitosterol and 24-methyl-/ ethylsterol, which may influence the stress response of plants, is an important indicator of plant membrane health. The observed increases in the ratios of stigmasterol/β-sitosterol and 24-methyl-/ethylsterols can be explained in terms of mechanisms for regulating the functioning of the tonoplast under stress caused by copper ions. Thus, the obtained results may indicate the participation of cell membranes, including tonoplast, in the mechanisms of adaptation of beetroot tissue cells to stress caused by copper ions.
{"title":"Effect of copper ions on the composition of phytosterols of the vacuolar membrane of Beta vulgaris L.","authors":"E. V. Spiridonona, I. Kapustina, V. Gurina, N. V. Semyonova, N. Ozolina","doi":"10.21285/achb.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.902","url":null,"abstract":"The study set out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of copper ions on the composition of phytosterols of the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). To characterise the stress caused by the action of copper ions, a conductometric study of the permeability of cell membranes and the level of lipid peroxidation was carried out. The results demonstrate an increase in these indicators in beetroot tissues. Among tonoplast phytosterols, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and cholesterol were studied. In cell membranes, these phytosterols perform a structural function, contributing to lipid microdomain formation, influencing plant growth and development, and participating in plant responses to stress. The study of the effect of copper ions on tonoplast phytosterols showed most of them to be occupied by the free form. In the presence of 100 μM copper, a significant increase in campesterol content was detected. The ratio of stigmasterol/β-sitosterol and 24-methyl-/ ethylsterol, which may influence the stress response of plants, is an important indicator of plant membrane health. The observed increases in the ratios of stigmasterol/β-sitosterol and 24-methyl-/ethylsterols can be explained in terms of mechanisms for regulating the functioning of the tonoplast under stress caused by copper ions. Thus, the obtained results may indicate the participation of cell membranes, including tonoplast, in the mechanisms of adaptation of beetroot tissue cells to stress caused by copper ions.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tsyrulnikova, L. M. Popova, O. B. Ivanchenko, H. Suy, E. I. Pochkaeva, S. Vershilov
Biologically active substances that confer antiviral, anti-tumour and antimicrobial effects, which are found among the components of plant raw materials, as well as the products of their chemical modification, are the subject of considerable research interest. These objects include tricyclic diterpenoids – extractives of wood of abietic and pimaric types (resin acids). The presence of two reaction centres (double bonds and a carboxyl group) in the structure of resin acids opens up a wide range of possibilities for synthesising useful compounds on their basis. One of the most promising areas for the study of resin acids and their derivatives consists assessing their fungicidal properties to inform their introduction into compositions as additives, as well as in the application of protective films to increase the resistance of composite building materials against the aggressive effects of microorganisms. In the present work, the fungicidal activity of the N-phenylimide of maleopimaric acid and its polyfluoroalkyl ethers synthesised by us was evaluated on the cells of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium sp. by the rate of colony formation and growth. A comparative analysis of the biological activity of resin acids and their in silico derivatives was performed. According to the AntiBag Pred forecast, the test compounds having the maximum values of the probabilities of the presence and absence of each type of activity are characterised by the manifestation of antibacterial activity in relation to strains of gram-positive bacteria. The results of the predictive model are consistent with previous experimental data. However, AntiFun Pred data related to the calculation of fungicidal activity were not confirmed in vitro.
在植物原料成分中发现的具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗菌作用的生物活性物质，以及对这些物质进行化学改性的产物，是研究人员非常感兴趣的课题。这些物质包括三环二萜类化合物--木材中的阿比西尼亚和皮马里克类型（树脂酸）的提取物。树脂酸结构中存在两个反应中心（双键和一个羧基），这为在其基础上合成有用的化合物提供了广泛的可能性。研究树脂酸及其衍生物的最有前途的领域之一是评估其杀菌特性，以便将其作为添加剂引入组合物中，并应用于保护膜中，提高复合建筑材料的抗微生物侵蚀能力。在本研究中，我们通过菌落形成和生长速度评估了马来酰亚胺酸的 N-苯基亚胺及其多氟烷基醚对丝状真菌黑曲霉、交替交替孢霉和青霉细胞的杀菌活性。对树脂酸及其硅学衍生物的生物活性进行了比较分析。根据 AntiBag Pred 预测，每种活性存在和不存在的概率值最大的测试化合物的特点是对革兰氏阳性菌菌株具有抗菌活性。预测模型的结果与之前的实验数据一致。不过，与计算杀菌活性有关的 AntiFun Pred 数据并未在体外得到证实。
{"title":"Resin acid derivatives: fungicidal properties and prediction of the spectrum of biological activity","authors":"A. Tsyrulnikova, L. M. Popova, O. B. Ivanchenko, H. Suy, E. I. Pochkaeva, S. Vershilov","doi":"10.21285/achb.904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.904","url":null,"abstract":"Biologically active substances that confer antiviral, anti-tumour and antimicrobial effects, which are found among the components of plant raw materials, as well as the products of their chemical modification, are the subject of considerable research interest. These objects include tricyclic diterpenoids – extractives of wood of abietic and pimaric types (resin acids). The presence of two reaction centres (double bonds and a carboxyl group) in the structure of resin acids opens up a wide range of possibilities for synthesising useful compounds on their basis. One of the most promising areas for the study of resin acids and their derivatives consists assessing their fungicidal properties to inform their introduction into compositions as additives, as well as in the application of protective films to increase the resistance of composite building materials against the aggressive effects of microorganisms. In the present work, the fungicidal activity of the N-phenylimide of maleopimaric acid and its polyfluoroalkyl ethers synthesised by us was evaluated on the cells of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium sp. by the rate of colony formation and growth. A comparative analysis of the biological activity of resin acids and their in silico derivatives was performed. According to the AntiBag Pred forecast, the test compounds having the maximum values of the probabilities of the presence and absence of each type of activity are characterised by the manifestation of antibacterial activity in relation to strains of gram-positive bacteria. The results of the predictive model are consistent with previous experimental data. However, AntiFun Pred data related to the calculation of fungicidal activity were not confirmed in vitro.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the process of sprout formation, a seed undergoes a number of biochemical transformations, forming intermediate metabolites of macromolecules that offer biological activity, higher solubility and bioavailability, which are attractive for use in various food processing applications. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the properties of the product that remains following the separation of sprouts from sprouted pea seeds, as well as investigating the possibility of its use in food production. As the objects of the study, data on the germination time,content, structure and depth of proteolysis of legumin pea protein were considered on the example of Temp, Sofia, and Spartak varieties. The composition of the decomposition products of legumin following the separation of the sprout is mainly determined by the decomposition products of the protein edges. According to the calculated dependence based on the structural characteristics of the legumin protein and the direction of its proteolysis, a sprout formation time equal to 98 hours was determined, which corresponds to the experimental data (96 hours). The product obtained from sprouted pea seeds following the separation of sprouts differs significantly in protein and peptide content from flour obtained from ripe peas. This is due not only to the hydrolysis of starch, but also to the step-by-step hydrolysis of protein, which leads to an increase in the content of short-chain peptides, increasing the solubility of the protein component of the flour, but also requiring appropriate correction of their concentration when used as additives to various food products, especially in terms of liquid consistency.
{"title":"Potential uses of sprouted pea seeds with separated sprouts in food production","authors":"Yu. I. Matveev, E. V. Averyanova","doi":"10.21285/achb.901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.901","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of sprout formation, a seed undergoes a number of biochemical transformations, forming intermediate metabolites of macromolecules that offer biological activity, higher solubility and bioavailability, which are attractive for use in various food processing applications. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the properties of the product that remains following the separation of sprouts from sprouted pea seeds, as well as investigating the possibility of its use in food production. As the objects of the study, data on the germination time,content, structure and depth of proteolysis of legumin pea protein were considered on the example of Temp, Sofia, and Spartak varieties. The composition of the decomposition products of legumin following the separation of the sprout is mainly determined by the decomposition products of the protein edges. According to the calculated dependence based on the structural characteristics of the legumin protein and the direction of its proteolysis, a sprout formation time equal to 98 hours was determined, which corresponds to the experimental data (96 hours). The product obtained from sprouted pea seeds following the separation of sprouts differs significantly in protein and peptide content from flour obtained from ripe peas. This is due not only to the hydrolysis of starch, but also to the step-by-step hydrolysis of protein, which leads to an increase in the content of short-chain peptides, increasing the solubility of the protein component of the flour, but also requiring appropriate correction of their concentration when used as additives to various food products, especially in terms of liquid consistency.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ustinskaya, M. Temnov, M. Eskova, K. Meronyuk, D. S. Dvoretsky
A study of the antibacterial properties of a non-polar extract of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana on gram-positive bacteria is presented along with a determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the mixture and the individual metabolites that make up the extract. A regular effect of illumination on the intensity of the antibiotic effect of non-polar microalgae extract on gram-positive bacteria is demonstrated. A mixture of substances extracted from disintegrated cells of the microalgae biomass Chlorella sorokiniana has an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol photons/(m2×s). The minimum effective amount of the extract is 330±11.09 µg. When analysing the chemical structure of the components of the non-polar fraction extracted from the cells of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, the composition of the non-polar extract was shown to include triacylglycerides, fatty acids, o-dialkyl monoglycerides and ethers of sterols or waxes, or trialkyl esters of glycerol. When studying the antibiotic properties of individual fractions of substances, triacylglycerides and fatty acids were found to have an antibiotic effect on gram-positive bacteria. In this case, the minimum effective amount of triacylglycerides is 400±13.37 μg, while that of fatty acids is 600±20.05 μg. The combined effect of a mixture of non-polar extract substances gives the most pronounced antibiotic effect on gram-positive bacteria at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol of photons/(m2×s). Thus, an increase in antibacterial action was demonstrated when using a mixture of substances of the non-polar extract of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol of photons/(m2×s).
{"title":"Antibiotic study of non-polar microalgae extract Chlorella sorokiniana against gram-positive bacteria","authors":"Y. Ustinskaya, M. Temnov, M. Eskova, K. Meronyuk, D. S. Dvoretsky","doi":"10.21285/achb.903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.903","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the antibacterial properties of a non-polar extract of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana on gram-positive bacteria is presented along with a determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the mixture and the individual metabolites that make up the extract. A regular effect of illumination on the intensity of the antibiotic effect of non-polar microalgae extract on gram-positive bacteria is demonstrated. A mixture of substances extracted from disintegrated cells of the microalgae biomass Chlorella sorokiniana has an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol photons/(m2×s). The minimum effective amount of the extract is 330±11.09 µg. When analysing the chemical structure of the components of the non-polar fraction extracted from the cells of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, the composition of the non-polar extract was shown to include triacylglycerides, fatty acids, o-dialkyl monoglycerides and ethers of sterols or waxes, or trialkyl esters of glycerol. When studying the antibiotic properties of individual fractions of substances, triacylglycerides and fatty acids were found to have an antibiotic effect on gram-positive bacteria. In this case, the minimum effective amount of triacylglycerides is 400±13.37 μg, while that of fatty acids is 600±20.05 μg. The combined effect of a mixture of non-polar extract substances gives the most pronounced antibiotic effect on gram-positive bacteria at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol of photons/(m2×s). Thus, an increase in antibacterial action was demonstrated when using a mixture of substances of the non-polar extract of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana at a photosynthetically active radiation level of 100±6 μmol of photons/(m2×s).","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. V. Zhigzhitzhapova, E. Nikitina, S. Bazarsadueva, E. Dylenova, O. A. Anenkhonov, V. V. Taraskin, L. D. Radnaeva
Fatty acids, as part of cell membranes, determine their fluidity and dielectric constant. In addition, they play an important role in human and animal nutrition. This work examines the composition and fatty acid content of dried higher aquatic plants from Lake Kotokel (Republic of Buryatia, Russia) and their potential as a raw material for the production of feed and biologically active food supplements. A modified Bligh-Dyer method was used to extract lipid fraction. Fatty acids in the form of their methyl esters were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Palmitic C16:0 acid was the main saturated fatty acid found in Myriophyllum sibiricum, Elodea canadensis, Persicaria amphibia and Potamogeton perfoliatus in Lake Kotokel. The main unsaturated acid found in plants, regardless of their type, was the α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 acid. In addition, a relatively high content of stearic C18:0, myristic C14:0 and pentadecanoic C15:0 acids was noted. Branched acids (i-C14:0, i-C15:0, i-C16:0, i-C17:0, i-C20:0, a/i-C15:0, a/i-C17:0 and 10Me-C16:0) and odd carbon numbered acids (C13:0, C15:0, C17:0, C19:0, C21:0 and C23:0) were identified. An analysis of the authors’ and literature data revealed that the studied species of higher aquatic plants in reservoirs in the Asian part of Russia are characterised by a high content of α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 (up to 56%) and a low content of oleic C18:1-ω9 (up to 1.81%) acids. The content of α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 acid in plants from reservoirs in the European part of Russia was lower (up to 42%), while that of oleic acid C18:1-ω9 was higher (up to 14%).
{"title":"Composition of fatty acids of higher aquatic plants in Lake Kotokel as valuable biological raw materials","authors":"S. V. Zhigzhitzhapova, E. Nikitina, S. Bazarsadueva, E. Dylenova, O. A. Anenkhonov, V. V. Taraskin, L. D. Radnaeva","doi":"10.21285/achb.900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.900","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty acids, as part of cell membranes, determine their fluidity and dielectric constant. In addition, they play an important role in human and animal nutrition. This work examines the composition and fatty acid content of dried higher aquatic plants from Lake Kotokel (Republic of Buryatia, Russia) and their potential as a raw material for the production of feed and biologically active food supplements. A modified Bligh-Dyer method was used to extract lipid fraction. Fatty acids in the form of their methyl esters were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Palmitic C16:0 acid was the main saturated fatty acid found in Myriophyllum sibiricum, Elodea canadensis, Persicaria amphibia and Potamogeton perfoliatus in Lake Kotokel. The main unsaturated acid found in plants, regardless of their type, was the α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 acid. In addition, a relatively high content of stearic C18:0, myristic C14:0 and pentadecanoic C15:0 acids was noted. Branched acids (i-C14:0, i-C15:0, i-C16:0, i-C17:0, i-C20:0, a/i-C15:0, a/i-C17:0 and 10Me-C16:0) and odd carbon numbered acids (C13:0, C15:0, C17:0, C19:0, C21:0 and C23:0) were identified. An analysis of the authors’ and literature data revealed that the studied species of higher aquatic plants in reservoirs in the Asian part of Russia are characterised by a high content of α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 (up to 56%) and a low content of oleic C18:1-ω9 (up to 1.81%) acids. The content of α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 acid in plants from reservoirs in the European part of Russia was lower (up to 42%), while that of oleic acid C18:1-ω9 was higher (up to 14%).","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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