Although representative species of the Ochitaceae subfamily (Sedoideae) have long been used as medicinal plants, the biochemical composition of most species remains understudied. This hinders their use in pharmacology and medicine. This study quantifies the content of the main groups of biologically active substances in the aboveground part of the Sempervivoideae at the beginning and end of the vegetation period. Freshly harvested vegetative shoots of the following species (raw materials) were examined: Aizopsis aizoon (L.) Grulich, Aizopsis hybrida (L.) Grulich, Aizopsis kurilensis (Vorosch.) S. Gontch., Hylotelephium ewersii (Ledeb.) H. Ohba, Sedum acre L., Sedum album L., Sedum hispanicum L., Sedum reflexum L., Sedum rupestre L. and Sedum spurium M. Bieb. Conventional methods of phytochemical analysis were used. The solid content was determined by drying 1 g of raw materials to a constant weight. The amount of phenolic compounds, pectin substances and total sugars was determined by the spectrophotometric method in ethanolic extracts by calculating the indicators relative to the solid mass of the raw materials. Titrimetric analysis was used to determine the concentration of ascorbic acid in the wet weight of the raw material. The content of solid (7.22–18.98%), catechins (0.14–6.01 mg%), flavonols (0.59–3.11%), tannins (4.44–26.73%), pectins (0.14–3.51%), protopectins (3.10–11.82%), total sugars (10.25–57.96%) and ascorbic acid (43.4–94.4 mg%) was determined. The tendency to accumulate phenolic compounds, sugars and solids, along with a decrease in the content of pectin polysaccharides, by the end of the vegetation was revealed. The results indicate the potential for the cultivation of Sempervivoideae as a source of various bioactive compounds.
尽管赭石科（Sedoideae）亚科的代表性物种长期以来一直被用作药用植物，但大多数物种的生化成分仍未得到充分研究。这阻碍了它们在药理学和医学中的应用。本研究对半枝莲科植物地上部分在植被期开始和结束时的主要生物活性物质的含量进行了量化。研究人员对以下物种（原材料）的新鲜无性嫩枝进行了检测：Aizopsis aizoon (L.) Grulich、Aizopsis hybrida (L.) Grulich、Aizopsis kurilensis (Vorosch.) S. Gontch.、Hylotelephium ewersii (Ledeb.) H. Ohba、Sedum acre L.、Sedum album L.、Sedum hispanicum L.、Sedum reflexum L.、Sedum rupestre L.和 Sedum spurium M. Bieb。采用传统的植物化学分析方法。将 1 克原料干燥至恒重，测定固体含量。用分光光度法测定乙醇提取物中的酚类化合物、果胶物质和总糖的含量，计算相对于原料固体质量的指标。采用滴定分析法测定抗坏血酸在原料湿重中的浓度。测定了固体（7.22-18.98%）、儿茶素（0.14-6.01 mg%）、黄酮醇（0.59-3.11%）、单宁（4.44-26.73%）、果胶（0.14-3.51%）、原果胶（3.10-11.82%）、总糖（10.25-57.96%）和抗坏血酸（43.4-94.4 mg%）的含量。结果表明，在植被末期，酚类化合物、糖类和固形物呈积累趋势，果胶多糖含量下降。这些结果表明，栽培半枝莲具有作为各种生物活性化合物来源的潜力。
{"title":"Biologically active compounds in selected Sempervivoideae (Sedoideae) cultivated in Western Siberia","authors":"T. Fomina, T. A. Kukushkina","doi":"10.21285/achb.899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.899","url":null,"abstract":"Although representative species of the Ochitaceae subfamily (Sedoideae) have long been used as medicinal plants, the biochemical composition of most species remains understudied. This hinders their use in pharmacology and medicine. This study quantifies the content of the main groups of biologically active substances in the aboveground part of the Sempervivoideae at the beginning and end of the vegetation period. Freshly harvested vegetative shoots of the following species (raw materials) were examined: Aizopsis aizoon (L.) Grulich, Aizopsis hybrida (L.) Grulich, Aizopsis kurilensis (Vorosch.) S. Gontch., Hylotelephium ewersii (Ledeb.) H. Ohba, Sedum acre L., Sedum album L., Sedum hispanicum L., Sedum reflexum L., Sedum rupestre L. and Sedum spurium M. Bieb. Conventional methods of phytochemical analysis were used. The solid content was determined by drying 1 g of raw materials to a constant weight. The amount of phenolic compounds, pectin substances and total sugars was determined by the spectrophotometric method in ethanolic extracts by calculating the indicators relative to the solid mass of the raw materials. Titrimetric analysis was used to determine the concentration of ascorbic acid in the wet weight of the raw material. The content of solid (7.22–18.98%), catechins (0.14–6.01 mg%), flavonols (0.59–3.11%), tannins (4.44–26.73%), pectins (0.14–3.51%), protopectins (3.10–11.82%), total sugars (10.25–57.96%) and ascorbic acid (43.4–94.4 mg%) was determined. The tendency to accumulate phenolic compounds, sugars and solids, along with a decrease in the content of pectin polysaccharides, by the end of the vegetation was revealed. The results indicate the potential for the cultivation of Sempervivoideae as a source of various bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition of pollen Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour. Pine pollen was collected in June 2021 at natural sites on the southeastern coast of Lake Baikal. The mass fraction of crude protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method; the protein composition and individual amino acid content were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column modification of ninhydrin on an LA8080 automatic analyser (Hitachi, Japan). The crude protein content of the pollen was 14.38–15.94%. Pine pollen protein is shown to contain 17 amino acids, including 9 essential amino acids: valine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, and arginine. The content of the sum of amino acids was 141.4–156.5 mg/g, including essential amino acids 45.9-48.4%. The following amino acids are dominant in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica pollens (mg/g): monoaminodicarboxylic acids – glutamic (21.3–24.2) and aspartic (13.0–14.2), diaminocarboxylic acid arginine (17.0–17.4) and heterocyclic amino acid proline (14.7–16.2). The obtained results can be useful in the development of drugs and biologically active additives based on pollen Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica, which, due to the presence of the above amino acids, have a nootropic, immunomodulatory, cardiac stimulating, and detoxifying effect.
{"title":"Amino acid composition of pollen Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour growing in the Baikal region","authors":"V. Shiretorova, S. A. Erdyneeva, L. D. Radnaeva","doi":"10.21285/achb.908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.908","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition of pollen Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour. Pine pollen was collected in June 2021 at natural sites on the southeastern coast of Lake Baikal. The mass fraction of crude protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method; the protein composition and individual amino acid content were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column modification of ninhydrin on an LA8080 automatic analyser (Hitachi, Japan). The crude protein content of the pollen was 14.38–15.94%. Pine pollen protein is shown to contain 17 amino acids, including 9 essential amino acids: valine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, and arginine. The content of the sum of amino acids was 141.4–156.5 mg/g, including essential amino acids 45.9-48.4%. The following amino acids are dominant in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica pollens (mg/g): monoaminodicarboxylic acids – glutamic (21.3–24.2) and aspartic (13.0–14.2), diaminocarboxylic acid arginine (17.0–17.4) and heterocyclic amino acid proline (14.7–16.2). The obtained results can be useful in the development of drugs and biologically active additives based on pollen Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica, which, due to the presence of the above amino acids, have a nootropic, immunomodulatory, cardiac stimulating, and detoxifying effect.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N. Adamovich, O. F. Vyatchina, N. A. Rubanenko, E. N. Oborina, M. D. Katerinich, I. M. Gritsenko, Y. Dzhioev, I. A. Ushakov, A. S. Grigorieva, B. A. Bugdaeva, K. M. Zalutskaya, L. A. Stepanenko, N. A. Arefieva, V. P. Salovarova, V. Zlobin
The study investigates the use of protatran compounds as growth stimulators for Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria, which are widely used as producers of biopesticides. Cultivation of the Bacillus thuringiensis strain subsp. kurstaki was carried out in a Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium. Protatrans (2-Me-C6H4OCH2COO- were added to the NN+(CH2CH2OH)3 (1), 4-Cl-C6H4 -SCH2COO-NN(CHCHOH) (2) and 4-Cl-CSOCHCOO NN+(CH2CH2OH)3 (3) media in concentrations of 1×10-4–1×10-8wt %. The LB medium without the addition of compounds 1–3 was used as a control. Cultures were incubated at a temperature of 30°C for 24 hours. The number of Bacillus thuringiensis cells was determined by serial dilution. The maximum growth was observed in a medium containing 1×10-4wt % of protatran 3. The number of cells was almost 10 times (966.7%) higher than in the control. In media with 1×10-5, 1×10-6, 1×10-7 and 1×10-8 wt % of compound 3, the number of cells was 4–7 times higher than in the control (by 371.7–666.7%). Protatrans 1 and 2 had a positive effect on Bacillus thuringiensis, increasing the number of cells by 83–292% compared to control. Therefore, it was demonstrated for the first time that commercially available non-toxic protatran compounds in microconcentrations are powerful growth stimulators for the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. This indicates the potential for significant improvement and cost reduction of biotechnology for the production of bacterial insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis, used in agriculture, forestry and homesteads to control harmful insects.
{"title":"Protatrans – growth biostimulants for centomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis","authors":"S. N. Adamovich, O. F. Vyatchina, N. A. Rubanenko, E. N. Oborina, M. D. Katerinich, I. M. Gritsenko, Y. Dzhioev, I. A. Ushakov, A. S. Grigorieva, B. A. Bugdaeva, K. M. Zalutskaya, L. A. Stepanenko, N. A. Arefieva, V. P. Salovarova, V. Zlobin","doi":"10.21285/achb.898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.898","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the use of protatran compounds as growth stimulators for Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria, which are widely used as producers of biopesticides. Cultivation of the Bacillus thuringiensis strain subsp. kurstaki was carried out in a Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium. Protatrans (2-Me-C6H4OCH2COO- were added to the NN+(CH2CH2OH)3 (1), 4-Cl-C6H4 -SCH2COO-NN(CHCHOH) (2) and 4-Cl-CSOCHCOO NN+(CH2CH2OH)3 (3) media in concentrations of 1×10-4–1×10-8wt %. The LB medium without the addition of compounds 1–3 was used as a control. Cultures were incubated at a temperature of 30°C for 24 hours. The number of Bacillus thuringiensis cells was determined by serial dilution. The maximum growth was observed in a medium containing 1×10-4wt % of protatran 3. The number of cells was almost 10 times (966.7%) higher than in the control. In media with 1×10-5, 1×10-6, 1×10-7 and 1×10-8 wt % of compound 3, the number of cells was 4–7 times higher than in the control (by 371.7–666.7%). Protatrans 1 and 2 had a positive effect on Bacillus thuringiensis, increasing the number of cells by 83–292% compared to control. Therefore, it was demonstrated for the first time that commercially available non-toxic protatran compounds in microconcentrations are powerful growth stimulators for the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. This indicates the potential for significant improvement and cost reduction of biotechnology for the production of bacterial insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis, used in agriculture, forestry and homesteads to control harmful insects.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Yaderets, N. Karpova, E. Glagoleva, K. S. Petrova, A. S. Shibaeva, V. Dzhavakhiya
Carotenoids represent a group of isoprenoid pigments whose high biological activity is not limited to their provitamin properties. Due to their ability to participate in redox reactions, carotenes are increasingly considered as promising compounds in the prevention and correction of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as in oncology and the treatment of various other diseases. Carotenoids are widely used in the manufacture of food additives and dyes, feed for aquaculture, farm animals and poultry, as well as in so-called nutraceuticals and cosmetics. When formulating optimal feeding rations, vitamin A nutrition is often considered separately due to its vital role in normal growth, development, maintenance and reproduction. The main precursor of vitamin A is β-carotene, which naturally enters the body exclusively via vegetable-based provender. However, since the carotene contained in plant raw materials is an unstable compound, the use of feed additives containing β-carotene becomes relevant. In industry, carotenoids can be produced either by chemical or biological synthesis. However, the majority of carotenoids – 80–90% – are obtained by chemical synthesis. At the same time, public demand for sustainable production dictates the need to find alternative approaches for obtaining this valuable commodity. The article provides an overview of the main biotechnological methods for the production of carotenes using various microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria and fungi, as well as analysing the effect of culture conditions on the yield of target pigments.
类胡萝卜素是一类异肾上腺素色素，它们的高生物活性不仅限于其维生素特性。由于类胡萝卜素能够参与氧化还原反应，因此越来越多的人认为类胡萝卜素是预防和治疗心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、肿瘤和其他各种疾病的有效化合物。类胡萝卜素被广泛用于制造食品添加剂和染料、水产养殖、农场动物和家禽的饲料，以及所谓的营养保健品和化妆品。在配制最佳饲粮时，由于维生素 A 在正常生长、发育、维持和繁殖中的重要作用，通常会单独考虑维生素 A 营养。维生素 A 的主要前体是β-胡萝卜素，它完全通过植物性饲料自然进入人体。然而，由于植物原料中所含的胡萝卜素是一种不稳定的化合物，因此使用含有 β-胡萝卜素的饲料添加剂就变得非常重要。在工业中，类胡萝卜素可以通过化学合成或生物合成生产。然而，大部分类胡萝卜素（80-90%）是通过化学合成获得的。与此同时，公众对可持续生产的需求决定了必须找到获取这一宝贵商品的替代方法。文章概述了利用各种微生物（包括微藻、细菌和真菌）生产类胡萝卜素的主要生物技术方法，并分析了培养条件对目标色素产量的影响。
{"title":"Carotenoids: Overview of the main methods and conditions of their preparation","authors":"V. Yaderets, N. Karpova, E. Glagoleva, K. S. Petrova, A. S. Shibaeva, V. Dzhavakhiya","doi":"10.21285/achb.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.905","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids represent a group of isoprenoid pigments whose high biological activity is not limited to their provitamin properties. Due to their ability to participate in redox reactions, carotenes are increasingly considered as promising compounds in the prevention and correction of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as in oncology and the treatment of various other diseases. Carotenoids are widely used in the manufacture of food additives and dyes, feed for aquaculture, farm animals and poultry, as well as in so-called nutraceuticals and cosmetics. When formulating optimal feeding rations, vitamin A nutrition is often considered separately due to its vital role in normal growth, development, maintenance and reproduction. The main precursor of vitamin A is β-carotene, which naturally enters the body exclusively via vegetable-based provender. However, since the carotene contained in plant raw materials is an unstable compound, the use of feed additives containing β-carotene becomes relevant. In industry, carotenoids can be produced either by chemical or biological synthesis. However, the majority of carotenoids – 80–90% – are obtained by chemical synthesis. At the same time, public demand for sustainable production dictates the need to find alternative approaches for obtaining this valuable commodity. The article provides an overview of the main biotechnological methods for the production of carotenes using various microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria and fungi, as well as analysing the effect of culture conditions on the yield of target pigments.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. Sosnina, A. Altynov, Yu. S. Kokorina, M. Kirgina, I. Bogdanov
{"title":"Production of fuel-grade hydrocarbons from renewable raw materials","authors":"D. V. Sosnina, A. Altynov, Yu. S. Kokorina, M. Kirgina, I. Bogdanov","doi":"10.21285/achb.906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. O. Ryabova, O. Ayurova, O. Ochirov, M. N. Grigor’eva, S. Stelmakh
During the development of polymer science, attention has been attracted to different research areas. The current focus on polymer mixtures is due to their practical significance. Studying the physical and mechanical properties of polymer mixtures has led to a revision of existing basic concepts, the emergence of new research directions and the solution of practical problems. From this point of view, polymer mixtures are similar to copolymerization in achieving specific properties by combining different chemical structures. The use of polymer mixtures allows materials with the desired properties to be obtained at a faster rate than the synthesis of high-molecular compounds. In recent years, numerous studies have been published on the interaction of various polymers, particularly water-soluble and naturally occurring polymers that are safe for humans and the environment. The development of such materials is of great interest due to their high adhesive strength. These materials can be used to obtain polymer films with new valuable properties. This work investigates the potential of improving the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of films for use in construction as polymer biocidal additives by modifying polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride with polyvinyl alcohol. Films based on a polymer-polymer mixture of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and polyvinyl alcohol were used as a research object.
{"title":"Thermomechanical and mechanical properties of biocidal materials based on polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and polyvinyl alcohol","authors":"V. O. Ryabova, O. Ayurova, O. Ochirov, M. N. Grigor’eva, S. Stelmakh","doi":"10.21285/achb.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.896","url":null,"abstract":"During the development of polymer science, attention has been attracted to different research areas. The current focus on polymer mixtures is due to their practical significance. Studying the physical and mechanical properties of polymer mixtures has led to a revision of existing basic concepts, the emergence of new research directions and the solution of practical problems. From this point of view, polymer mixtures are similar to copolymerization in achieving specific properties by combining different chemical structures. The use of polymer mixtures allows materials with the desired properties to be obtained at a faster rate than the synthesis of high-molecular compounds. In recent years, numerous studies have been published on the interaction of various polymers, particularly water-soluble and naturally occurring polymers that are safe for humans and the environment. The development of such materials is of great interest due to their high adhesive strength. These materials can be used to obtain polymer films with new valuable properties. This work investigates the potential of improving the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of films for use in construction as polymer biocidal additives by modifying polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride with polyvinyl alcohol. Films based on a polymer-polymer mixture of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and polyvinyl alcohol were used as a research object.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most common elements present in naturally occurring waters, manganese is an essential trace element, whose daily intake requirement by the human body is around 5–7 mg. While a lack of manganese in drinking water can lead to negative health consequences, a high manganese content in water and increased daily intake leads to the blocking of enzymes used in the conversion of inorganic iodine to organic, additionally changing inactive diiodothyronine into the active hormone thyroxine. The study investigates the possibility of using carbon sorbents having a microporous structure to change the manganese content in aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity of One of the most common elements present in naturally occurring waters, manganese is an essential trace element, whose daily intake requirement by the human body is around 5–7 mg. While a lack of manganese in drinking water can lead to negative health consequences, a high manganese content in water and increased daily intake leads to the blocking of enzymes used in the conversion of inorganic iodine to organic, additionally changing inactive diiodothyronine into the active hormone thyroxine. The study investigates the possibility of using carbon sorbents having a microporous structure to change the manganese content in aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity of manganese significantly depends on the acidity of the medium. The highest adsorption value of manganese (II) cations is observed in a weakly alkaline medium (pH 7.5). Kinetic studies demonstrated the possibility of describing the interaction using a pseudo first-order equation. The reaction rate constant as calculated by graphical and computational variants was 0.067 s-1. A functional assessment of the adsorption process can be represented by monomolecular adsorption isotherms, which are described by the classical Langmuir equation. The characteristic adsorption constant parameters were as follows: limiting adsorption value – 1.68 mmol/g; adsorption equilibrium constant – 0.979×103 at a temperature of 298 K. Gibbs energy at 298 K is equal to – 7.41 kJ/mol. The study of the process at elevated temperatures of 308, 318 and 328 K indicates its exothermic nature. With heating, the limiting adsorption decreases.
{"title":"Use of carbon sorbents to extract manganese from solutions","authors":"V. I. Dudarev, L. A. Minaeva","doi":"10.21285/achb.897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.897","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common elements present in naturally occurring waters, manganese is an essential trace element, whose daily intake requirement by the human body is around 5–7 mg. While a lack of manganese in drinking water can lead to negative health consequences, a high manganese content in water and increased daily intake leads to the blocking of enzymes used in the conversion of inorganic iodine to organic, additionally changing inactive diiodothyronine into the active hormone thyroxine. The study investigates the possibility of using carbon sorbents having a microporous structure to change the manganese content in aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity of One of the most common elements present in naturally occurring waters, manganese is an essential trace element, whose daily intake requirement by the human body is around 5–7 mg. While a lack of manganese in drinking water can lead to negative health consequences, a high manganese content in water and increased daily intake leads to the blocking of enzymes used in the conversion of inorganic iodine to organic, additionally changing inactive diiodothyronine into the active hormone thyroxine. The study investigates the possibility of using carbon sorbents having a microporous structure to change the manganese content in aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity of manganese significantly depends on the acidity of the medium. The highest adsorption value of manganese (II) cations is observed in a weakly alkaline medium (pH 7.5). Kinetic studies demonstrated the possibility of describing the interaction using a pseudo first-order equation. The reaction rate constant as calculated by graphical and computational variants was 0.067 s-1. A functional assessment of the adsorption process can be represented by monomolecular adsorption isotherms, which are described by the classical Langmuir equation. The characteristic adsorption constant parameters were as follows: limiting adsorption value – 1.68 mmol/g; adsorption equilibrium constant – 0.979×103 at a temperature of 298 K. Gibbs energy at 298 K is equal to – 7.41 kJ/mol. The study of the process at elevated temperatures of 308, 318 and 328 K indicates its exothermic nature. With heating, the limiting adsorption decreases.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study set out to extract various types of hydrocarbons from model fuels using deep eutectic solvents based on glycerol. These solvents were synthesised by mixing glycerol as acting as a hydrogen bond donor with ammonium chloride or triethylammonium acetate [tea] [AcO]- acting as a hydrogen bond acceptor at room temperature in a volume ratio of 1:6. A mixture of n-decane and n-hexadecane was selected as components of the model fuel. For the extraction of mixtures of benzene, ethylbenzene (5%), p-, m-, o-cresol, fluorenone (3.5%) and petroleum acids (25%), these deep eutectic solvents were used at room temperature, as well as at a temperature of 60°C, and at atmospheric pressure. Extraction efficiency was evaluated by [1]NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated the complete single-stage extraction of p-, m- and o-cresols from the model fuel using the studied deep eutectic solvents. A deep eutectic solvent based on glycerol and triethylammonium acetate was found to have the highest extraction efficiency. The recovery rates for benzene, ethylbenzene, and fluorenone at room temperature are achieved in 3 hours of stirring (75, 25, and 53%, respectively). M- and o-cresols were fully recovered in 1 hour in a single step using a deep eutectic solvent based on triethylammonium acetate, while complete extraction of aromatic acids from a mixture of petroleum acids in model fuel was achieved using a deep eutectic solvent obtained by mixing ammonium chloride and glycerol.
{"title":"Deep eutectic solvents based on glycerol as selective extractants for the recovery of aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum acids from model fuel","authors":"S. Niftullayeva, Y. Mamedova, I. Mamedov","doi":"10.21285/achb.907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.907","url":null,"abstract":"The study set out to extract various types of hydrocarbons from model fuels using deep eutectic solvents based on glycerol. These solvents were synthesised by mixing glycerol as acting as a hydrogen bond donor with ammonium chloride or triethylammonium acetate [tea] [AcO]- acting as a hydrogen bond acceptor at room temperature in a volume ratio of 1:6. A mixture of n-decane and n-hexadecane was selected as components of the model fuel. For the extraction of mixtures of benzene, ethylbenzene (5%), p-, m-, o-cresol, fluorenone (3.5%) and petroleum acids (25%), these deep eutectic solvents were used at room temperature, as well as at a temperature of 60°C, and at atmospheric pressure. Extraction efficiency was evaluated by [1]NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated the complete single-stage extraction of p-, m- and o-cresols from the model fuel using the studied deep eutectic solvents. A deep eutectic solvent based on glycerol and triethylammonium acetate was found to have the highest extraction efficiency. The recovery rates for benzene, ethylbenzene, and fluorenone at room temperature are achieved in 3 hours of stirring (75, 25, and 53%, respectively). M- and o-cresols were fully recovered in 1 hour in a single step using a deep eutectic solvent based on triethylammonium acetate, while complete extraction of aromatic acids from a mixture of petroleum acids in model fuel was achieved using a deep eutectic solvent obtained by mixing ammonium chloride and glycerol.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. T. Korotkova, A. M. Zakolyukina, S. A. Bushumov
This study examines sorption kinetics for the extraction of ammonium ions from an aqueous solution under static conditions using 5 g of sorbent. The sorbent was obtained by calcining ash and slag waste accumulated in the ash dump following hydraulic ash removal. The initial concentrations of ammonium ions in the model solutions were 5, 20, 50 and 100 mg/dm3. The volume of the model solution was 50 cm3. For each initial concentration, the kinetic curves of the ammonium ion sorption at the sorption duration of 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min were obtained. The kinetic curves were processed using the Lagergren (pseudo-first order), Ho and McKay (pseudo-second order), Morris-Weber (diffusion) and Elovich kinetic equations. It was demonstrated that all kinetic equations adequately describe the experimental data. The linear correlation of the equations was given. The Boyd equation was used to determine the limiting stage in the Morris–Weber model. It was established that the external diffusion mechanism is limiting for the sorption of ammonium ions by a calcined sorbent. The Lagergren model, with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9801–0.9949, best described the experimental data on sorption kinetics. Sorption rate curves as a function of the adsorption value and sorption time were given. The latter are described by exponential and polynomial dependence according to the Lagergren model, polynomial dependence according to the Ho and McKay model and exponential dependence according to the Morris–Weber and Elovich models. The sorption rate was the highest at the initial stage of sorption for all dependencies, which is consistent with previous studies on the sorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions using various sorbents.
{"title":"Application of kinetic models to study the sorption rate in the ‘ammonium ions–calcined sorbent’ system","authors":"G. T. Korotkova, A. M. Zakolyukina, S. A. Bushumov","doi":"10.21285/achb.894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.894","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines sorption kinetics for the extraction of ammonium ions from an aqueous solution under static conditions using 5 g of sorbent. The sorbent was obtained by calcining ash and slag waste accumulated in the ash dump following hydraulic ash removal. The initial concentrations of ammonium ions in the model solutions were 5, 20, 50 and 100 mg/dm3. The volume of the model solution was 50 cm3. For each initial concentration, the kinetic curves of the ammonium ion sorption at the sorption duration of 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min were obtained. The kinetic curves were processed using the Lagergren (pseudo-first order), Ho and McKay (pseudo-second order), Morris-Weber (diffusion) and Elovich kinetic equations. It was demonstrated that all kinetic equations adequately describe the experimental data. The linear correlation of the equations was given. The Boyd equation was used to determine the limiting stage in the Morris–Weber model. It was established that the external diffusion mechanism is limiting for the sorption of ammonium ions by a calcined sorbent. The Lagergren model, with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9801–0.9949, best described the experimental data on sorption kinetics. Sorption rate curves as a function of the adsorption value and sorption time were given. The latter are described by exponential and polynomial dependence according to the Lagergren model, polynomial dependence according to the Ho and McKay model and exponential dependence according to the Morris–Weber and Elovich models. The sorption rate was the highest at the initial stage of sorption for all dependencies, which is consistent with previous studies on the sorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions using various sorbents.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mustafayeva, N. T. Kakhramanov, N. Arzumanova, G. H. Nuraliyeva
The paper considers the effect of a structure-forming agent (titanium dioxide) on the rheological characteristics of a polymer mixture based on low and high density polyethylene, taken in a 50/50 ratio. The titanium dioxide concentration was 1 wt%. The rheological behavior of melts of polymer composites was studied using a CEAST MF50 capillary rheometer (Instron, Italy) at temperatures of 190, 210, 230, 250 °С and loads of 3.8, 5.0, 10.0, 12.5, and 21.6 kg. The effect of temperature and shear stress on the regularity of changes in effective viscosity and shear rate has been established. According to the Arrhenius – Frenkel – Eyring model, the activation energy of the viscous flow of composites is determined. The “apparent” activation energy of the viscous flow varies within 16.04–33.10 kJ/mol for the initial polyethylene mixture and in the range of 6.96–33.10 kJ/mol for composites modified with a structurant based on a mixture of low and high density polyethylene. A universal temperature-invariant characteristic of the viscosity properties of polymeric materials has been constructed, which makes it possible, by extrapolating this dependence to the region of high shear rates, to predict the technological mode of their processing by injection molding and extrusion.
{"title":"Influence of structure-forming agent on rheological properties of polymer mixture based on low and high density polyethylene","authors":"F. Mustafayeva, N. T. Kakhramanov, N. Arzumanova, G. H. Nuraliyeva","doi":"10.21285/achb.895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/achb.895","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the effect of a structure-forming agent (titanium dioxide) on the rheological characteristics of a polymer mixture based on low and high density polyethylene, taken in a 50/50 ratio. The titanium dioxide concentration was 1 wt%. The rheological behavior of melts of polymer composites was studied using a CEAST MF50 capillary rheometer (Instron, Italy) at temperatures of 190, 210, 230, 250 °С and loads of 3.8, 5.0, 10.0, 12.5, and 21.6 kg. The effect of temperature and shear stress on the regularity of changes in effective viscosity and shear rate has been established. According to the Arrhenius – Frenkel – Eyring model, the activation energy of the viscous flow of composites is determined. The “apparent” activation energy of the viscous flow varies within 16.04–33.10 kJ/mol for the initial polyethylene mixture and in the range of 6.96–33.10 kJ/mol for composites modified with a structurant based on a mixture of low and high density polyethylene. A universal temperature-invariant characteristic of the viscosity properties of polymeric materials has been constructed, which makes it possible, by extrapolating this dependence to the region of high shear rates, to predict the technological mode of their processing by injection molding and extrusion.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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