Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-602-610
Ya. I. Khramova, E. Nefed’eva, S. Belopukhov, I. Dmitrevskaya, V. Khramova
The study aims to identify the aging characteristics of hard and soft wheat caryopses without treatment and following treatment with pulse pressure created by a shock wave. The grain was treated with pulse pressures of 11 and 29 MPa. After one month and after three years, the caryopses were sorted into vitreous and floury types. The germination of control soft wheat caryopses decreased after storage, while after pulse pressure treatment and storage, it exceeded that of the control. The germination of control hard wheat caryopses with floury endosperm decreased after storage to a greater extent than that of caryopses with vitreous endosperm. Pulse pressure treatment reduced the germination of caryopses with vitreous endosperm. No change was observed in the protein content of control hard wheat caryopses following prolonged storage. In this case, pulse pressure contributed to the reduction in protein content during storage. The protein content of soft wheat caryopses with floury endosperm decreased after storage. In these caryopses, pulse pressure treatment contributed to better protein retention. Thus, the caryopses of hard wheat and soft wheat with vitreous endosperm were less susceptible to aging as compared to the caryopses of soft wheat and caryopses with floury endosperm, respectively. Pulse pressure damaged the vitreous endosperm, accelerating seed aging. It also contributed to the long-term storage of soft wheat caryopses without a significant loss of viability. Thus, it is possible to treat soft wheat grain to extend its shelf life.
{"title":"Changes in the germination and content of protein and gluten in the caryopses of hard and soft wheat under pulse pressure and prolonged storage conditions","authors":"Ya. I. Khramova, E. Nefed’eva, S. Belopukhov, I. Dmitrevskaya, V. Khramova","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-602-610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-602-610","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to identify the aging characteristics of hard and soft wheat caryopses without treatment and following treatment with pulse pressure created by a shock wave. The grain was treated with pulse pressures of 11 and 29 MPa. After one month and after three years, the caryopses were sorted into vitreous and floury types. The germination of control soft wheat caryopses decreased after storage, while after pulse pressure treatment and storage, it exceeded that of the control. The germination of control hard wheat caryopses with floury endosperm decreased after storage to a greater extent than that of caryopses with vitreous endosperm. Pulse pressure treatment reduced the germination of caryopses with vitreous endosperm. No change was observed in the protein content of control hard wheat caryopses following prolonged storage. In this case, pulse pressure contributed to the reduction in protein content during storage. The protein content of soft wheat caryopses with floury endosperm decreased after storage. In these caryopses, pulse pressure treatment contributed to better protein retention. Thus, the caryopses of hard wheat and soft wheat with vitreous endosperm were less susceptible to aging as compared to the caryopses of soft wheat and caryopses with floury endosperm, respectively. Pulse pressure damaged the vitreous endosperm, accelerating seed aging. It also contributed to the long-term storage of soft wheat caryopses without a significant loss of viability. Thus, it is possible to treat soft wheat grain to extend its shelf life.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-611-620
N. P. Suprun, G. S. Gusakova, N. S. Anikina, E. A. Slastya
Most climatic zones of the Russian Federation include vast apple plantations that serve as the primary source of raw materials for the production of cider and fruit alcoholic beverages. The technological potential of new apple varieties in the production of fruit alcoholic beverages is understudied. The present study aims to examine the chemical composition (including the fractional composition of sugars and organic acids) of fruit must from small-fruit apple varieties grown in the Southern Baikal region and to identify the most suitable varieties for cider production.The biochemical composition of must was determined via conventional methods as per state standards. Smallfruit semi-cultivars grown in the Southern Baikal Region are characterized by variability in the content of extractive substances. In different years, the fruit of the same variety accumulates different amounts of dissolved solids (12.5–14.5%), primarily sugars (109.3–135.3 g/dm3). Among sugars, fructose is the most abundant (over 50%), followed by glucose. The proportion of disaccharides in the composition of sugars in the fruits of different varieties ranges from 9.1 to 21.5%. The concentration of organic acids in the studied varieties ranges from 7.2 to 13.0 g/dm3. The detected organic acids include malic acid (up to 83.4%), citric acid (up to 6.7%), lactic acid (up to 6.4%), succinic acid (up to 2.5%), as well as trace amounts of tartaric and acetic acids. The amount of phenolic compounds in the specimens varies from 522.5 to 1704.6 mg/dm3. The studied semi-cultivars were classified as sharp and bittersharp cider apple varieties.
{"title":"Biochemical composition of fruit must from small-fruit apple varieties grown in the Southern Baikal Region","authors":"N. P. Suprun, G. S. Gusakova, N. S. Anikina, E. A. Slastya","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-611-620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-611-620","url":null,"abstract":"Most climatic zones of the Russian Federation include vast apple plantations that serve as the primary source of raw materials for the production of cider and fruit alcoholic beverages. The technological potential of new apple varieties in the production of fruit alcoholic beverages is understudied. The present study aims to examine the chemical composition (including the fractional composition of sugars and organic acids) of fruit must from small-fruit apple varieties grown in the Southern Baikal region and to identify the most suitable varieties for cider production.The biochemical composition of must was determined via conventional methods as per state standards. Smallfruit semi-cultivars grown in the Southern Baikal Region are characterized by variability in the content of extractive substances. In different years, the fruit of the same variety accumulates different amounts of dissolved solids (12.5–14.5%), primarily sugars (109.3–135.3 g/dm3). Among sugars, fructose is the most abundant (over 50%), followed by glucose. The proportion of disaccharides in the composition of sugars in the fruits of different varieties ranges from 9.1 to 21.5%. The concentration of organic acids in the studied varieties ranges from 7.2 to 13.0 g/dm3. The detected organic acids include malic acid (up to 83.4%), citric acid (up to 6.7%), lactic acid (up to 6.4%), succinic acid (up to 2.5%), as well as trace amounts of tartaric and acetic acids. The amount of phenolic compounds in the specimens varies from 522.5 to 1704.6 mg/dm3. The studied semi-cultivars were classified as sharp and bittersharp cider apple varieties.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-621-630
A. Korchagina, E. K. Gladysheva, V. Budaeva, E. A. Skiba
The present article examines the chemical composition of fiber and shive from fiber flax and hemp obtained in Russia under industrial conditions, as well as that of the products of their alkaline delignification. Alkaline delignification was carried out at atmospheric pressure with a 4% sodium hydroxide solution; the chemical composition was determined via wet analysis. The chemical composition of hemp shive from Russian producers was studied for the first time. In the studied objects, the mass fraction of cellulose was found to range from 42.3 to 66.1%, and after alkaline delignification, the yield of products reached 47.0–50.0%. The behavior of fiber flax and hemp fiber is similar during alkaline delignification: cellulose content increases by 1.2–1.3 times, pentosan content decreases by 4.3–6.3 times, and lignin content is virtually the same. The behavior of fiber flax and hemp shive is dramatically different during alkaline delignification. The shive of fiber flax is resistant to alkaline delignification: cellulose content increases by 1.4 times, pentosan content decreases by 4.2 times, and lignin content increases by 1.4 times, which is due to the nature of lignin. Hemp shive is easily alkaline delignified: cellulose content increases by 1.8 times; the content of pentosans decreases by 5.8 times, and lignin content decreases by 2.2 times; the product of alkaline delignification contains cellulose (87.3%), pentosans (5.4%), and lignin (8.2%). The use of hemp shive for chemical and biotechnological transformation is expected to have high prospects.
{"title":"Chemical composition of fiber and shive in bast-fiber crops and the products of their alkaline delignification","authors":"A. Korchagina, E. K. Gladysheva, V. Budaeva, E. A. Skiba","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-621-630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-621-630","url":null,"abstract":"The present article examines the chemical composition of fiber and shive from fiber flax and hemp obtained in Russia under industrial conditions, as well as that of the products of their alkaline delignification. Alkaline delignification was carried out at atmospheric pressure with a 4% sodium hydroxide solution; the chemical composition was determined via wet analysis. The chemical composition of hemp shive from Russian producers was studied for the first time. In the studied objects, the mass fraction of cellulose was found to range from 42.3 to 66.1%, and after alkaline delignification, the yield of products reached 47.0–50.0%. The behavior of fiber flax and hemp fiber is similar during alkaline delignification: cellulose content increases by 1.2–1.3 times, pentosan content decreases by 4.3–6.3 times, and lignin content is virtually the same. The behavior of fiber flax and hemp shive is dramatically different during alkaline delignification. The shive of fiber flax is resistant to alkaline delignification: cellulose content increases by 1.4 times, pentosan content decreases by 4.2 times, and lignin content increases by 1.4 times, which is due to the nature of lignin. Hemp shive is easily alkaline delignified: cellulose content increases by 1.8 times; the content of pentosans decreases by 5.8 times, and lignin content decreases by 2.2 times; the product of alkaline delignification contains cellulose (87.3%), pentosans (5.4%), and lignin (8.2%). The use of hemp shive for chemical and biotechnological transformation is expected to have high prospects.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-569-578
L. I. Pusenkova, S. Garipova, O. Lastochkina, I. Shpirnaya, V. A. Valieva
The article examines the effect produced by the preplant inoculation of potato tubers with Bacillus subtilis on biochemical processes occurring in the tubers of a new crop during the postharvest period at different storage periods. The content of malondialdehyde in tubers treated with strains 10-4 and 26D decreased by 15.5 and 35.5% and by 14.9 and 13.6% relative to the control after one and six months, respectively. The proline content in tubers pretreated with strain 10-4 differed insignificantly from the control in both storage periods, while in the case of strain 26D, it was lower than the control by 14.7 and 26.3%. First, the activity of protective proteins in treated tubers decreased relative to the control; then, the activity of trypsin inhibitors in tubers was found to significantly exceed that in tubers stored for a short time. The protein content of pretreated tubers was initially higher than that of the control; then, it was either at the same level (strain 26D) or 15% lower than the control (strain 10-4). The content of ascorbic acid in tubers pretreated with strain 10-4 exceeded that of the control by 16.1 and 17.9% after one and six months of storage, respectively, whereas in the case of strain 26D, no difference from the control was noted. The amount of reducing sugars was 39.4% lower than the control after one and six months of storage (strain 10-4) and 35.6% after six months of storage (strain 26D). The pretreatment with strains 10-4 and 26D positively affected the main biochemical parameters of tubers during long-term storage, providing a protective effect and preserving the biological value of produce.
{"title":"Effect of endophytic bacteria Bacillus subtilison metabolic processes in potato tubers during storage","authors":"L. I. Pusenkova, S. Garipova, O. Lastochkina, I. Shpirnaya, V. A. Valieva","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-569-578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-569-578","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the effect produced by the preplant inoculation of potato tubers with Bacillus subtilis on biochemical processes occurring in the tubers of a new crop during the postharvest period at different storage periods. The content of malondialdehyde in tubers treated with strains 10-4 and 26D decreased by 15.5 and 35.5% and by 14.9 and 13.6% relative to the control after one and six months, respectively. The proline content in tubers pretreated with strain 10-4 differed insignificantly from the control in both storage periods, while in the case of strain 26D, it was lower than the control by 14.7 and 26.3%. First, the activity of protective proteins in treated tubers decreased relative to the control; then, the activity of trypsin inhibitors in tubers was found to significantly exceed that in tubers stored for a short time. The protein content of pretreated tubers was initially higher than that of the control; then, it was either at the same level (strain 26D) or 15% lower than the control (strain 10-4). The content of ascorbic acid in tubers pretreated with strain 10-4 exceeded that of the control by 16.1 and 17.9% after one and six months of storage, respectively, whereas in the case of strain 26D, no difference from the control was noted. The amount of reducing sugars was 39.4% lower than the control after one and six months of storage (strain 10-4) and 35.6% after six months of storage (strain 26D). The pretreatment with strains 10-4 and 26D positively affected the main biochemical parameters of tubers during long-term storage, providing a protective effect and preserving the biological value of produce.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-561-568
N. A. Imidoeva, E. V. Malygina, A. Belyshenko, M. E. Dmitrieva, V. N. Shelkovnikova, M. Morgunova, S. V. Kulinich, T. N. Vavilina, S. N. Evstaf‘ev, D. Axenov-Gribanov
True truffles, or fungi of the genus Tuber, are among the most valuable, rare, expensive, and mysterious fungi on the planet. The reproduction of truffle fungi in the wild is a complex process that depends on many factors, for example, the presence of suitable host trees, as well as the optimal parameters of temperature, moisture, soil pH, soil symbionts, and other organisms. Successful production and reproduction of truffles require a large number of conditions to be met, primarily the release of their spores from ascii, germination under favorable conditions, and distribution in the environment. The present study aims to develop a method for mechanically breaking ascii in order to release the spores of black truffle. It is shown that homogenization by means of an immersion blender together with a vibrating chopper is a highly effective way to break ascii. The microscopic examination of the specimens at all stages of the experiment revealed that this method leads to the breakdown of at least 85% of ascii and the release of truffle spores. The use of centrifugation approaches enables the separation of black truffle spores from hyphal debris, fungal symbionts, and various associated organisms. Such spores can form mycelium on growth media. The study results can be used to prepare Tuber sp. inoculum and obtain their axenic cultures. Thus, the introduction of methods for releasing spores from ascii improves the efficiency of black truffle cultivation.
{"title":"A way to mechanically activate a suspension of black truffle spores","authors":"N. A. Imidoeva, E. V. Malygina, A. Belyshenko, M. E. Dmitrieva, V. N. Shelkovnikova, M. Morgunova, S. V. Kulinich, T. N. Vavilina, S. N. Evstaf‘ev, D. Axenov-Gribanov","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-561-568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-561-568","url":null,"abstract":"True truffles, or fungi of the genus Tuber, are among the most valuable, rare, expensive, and mysterious fungi on the planet. The reproduction of truffle fungi in the wild is a complex process that depends on many factors, for example, the presence of suitable host trees, as well as the optimal parameters of temperature, moisture, soil pH, soil symbionts, and other organisms. Successful production and reproduction of truffles require a large number of conditions to be met, primarily the release of their spores from ascii, germination under favorable conditions, and distribution in the environment. The present study aims to develop a method for mechanically breaking ascii in order to release the spores of black truffle. It is shown that homogenization by means of an immersion blender together with a vibrating chopper is a highly effective way to break ascii. The microscopic examination of the specimens at all stages of the experiment revealed that this method leads to the breakdown of at least 85% of ascii and the release of truffle spores. The use of centrifugation approaches enables the separation of black truffle spores from hyphal debris, fungal symbionts, and various associated organisms. Such spores can form mycelium on growth media. The study results can be used to prepare Tuber sp. inoculum and obtain their axenic cultures. Thus, the introduction of methods for releasing spores from ascii improves the efficiency of black truffle cultivation.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-532-544
J. Valitova, V. Khabibrakhmanova, O. P. Gurianov, V. L. Uvaeva, A. F. Khairullina, D. F. Rakhmatullina, E. I. Galeeva, T. Trifonova, L. V. Viktorova, F. Minibayeva
Extremophile organisms can survive under extreme conditions through tolerance mechanisms. Such organisms include lichens, which are symbiotic associations of fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria. Among other factors, the high stress tolerance of lichens can be attributed to their ability to synthesize a wide range of metabolites, including chemically diverse lipid compounds. Despite their obvious relevance, the biochemical mechanisms of stress tolerance in lichens that are mediated by changes in the lipid profile remain understudied. Peltigerous lichens constitute a separate division of lichens characterized by high growth rates and metabolic activity indices. Taking into account the temperate climate in which these lichens grow, it can be assumed that they may be highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. These factors led to the choice of Peltigera canina, epigeic lichen, as the subject matter of this study. The present work examined stress-induced changes in the redox status of P. canina, as well as changes in its lipid composition at an elevated temperature (40 °С). The exposure of hydrated lichen thalli to an unfavorable temperature led to an increase in the level of hydrogen peroxide, phenoloxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation, which constitutes an important part of stress response in lichen. The stress-induced changes in the redox status of lichen thalli stimulated an increase in lipophilic antioxidant agents: a dramatic increase in the level of α-tocopherol and an increase in carotenoids, specifically β-carotene. Thus, the accumulation of lipophilic antioxidants constitutes an important part of the lipid-mediated stress response of P. canina to temperature elevation.
{"title":"Changes in the lipid composition of Peltigera canina at an elevated temperature","authors":"J. Valitova, V. Khabibrakhmanova, O. P. Gurianov, V. L. Uvaeva, A. F. Khairullina, D. F. Rakhmatullina, E. I. Galeeva, T. Trifonova, L. V. Viktorova, F. Minibayeva","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-532-544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-532-544","url":null,"abstract":"Extremophile organisms can survive under extreme conditions through tolerance mechanisms. Such organisms include lichens, which are symbiotic associations of fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria. Among other factors, the high stress tolerance of lichens can be attributed to their ability to synthesize a wide range of metabolites, including chemically diverse lipid compounds. Despite their obvious relevance, the biochemical mechanisms of stress tolerance in lichens that are mediated by changes in the lipid profile remain understudied. Peltigerous lichens constitute a separate division of lichens characterized by high growth rates and metabolic activity indices. Taking into account the temperate climate in which these lichens grow, it can be assumed that they may be highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. These factors led to the choice of Peltigera canina, epigeic lichen, as the subject matter of this study. The present work examined stress-induced changes in the redox status of P. canina, as well as changes in its lipid composition at an elevated temperature (40 °С). The exposure of hydrated lichen thalli to an unfavorable temperature led to an increase in the level of hydrogen peroxide, phenoloxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation, which constitutes an important part of stress response in lichen. The stress-induced changes in the redox status of lichen thalli stimulated an increase in lipophilic antioxidant agents: a dramatic increase in the level of α-tocopherol and an increase in carotenoids, specifically β-carotene. Thus, the accumulation of lipophilic antioxidants constitutes an important part of the lipid-mediated stress response of P. canina to temperature elevation.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-552-560
T. V. Elisafenko, T. V. Zheleznichenko, P. Yugrina, B. M. Zhigmittsyrenova, M. V. Kazakov, V. V. Taraskin
The article examines the effect of storage conditions, mericarp processing, and germination conditions of the endemic Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk. on germination. The technological process of obtaining aseptic in vitro culture was perfected. Mericarps collected from introduced species in 2022 were examined. Explants were sterilized once or twice with 0.1% AgNO3 or 0.1% AgNO3, followed by the use of 10% Н2О2. The pericarp was removed from the sterilized mericarps, and seeds were germinated on a solid 1/2 Murashige and Skoog medium. Callus genesis was induced by culturing the true leaves of seedlings on a Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (10 μM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (0–5 μM) in the dark. The seeds of S. divaricata exhibit shallow dormancy, and the most favorable conditions for their germination are stratification for 30 days at 4 °С or the scarification of mericarps and germination in an environmental chamber (photoperiod of 16.5 h and a daytime temperature of 27 °С with its slight decrease at night). Laboratory germination capacity reaches 94%. The absence of whole seeds at the end of the experiment suggests a small soil seed bank, which accounts for the vulnerability of natural populations along with monocarpy. The in vitro culture of S. divaricata was obtained. Pericarp removal from mericarps was shown to accelerate germination and improve germination capacity while significantly reducing contamination. A callus was formed on leaf petioles in 66% of explants on an auxin medium, while on a medium with auxin and cytokinin, it was formed across the entire surface of the leaf blade in 72% of explants. Further callus development occurred only on the auxin medium.
{"title":"Germination specifics and introduction into in vitro culture of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk.","authors":"T. V. Elisafenko, T. V. Zheleznichenko, P. Yugrina, B. M. Zhigmittsyrenova, M. V. Kazakov, V. V. Taraskin","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-552-560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-552-560","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the effect of storage conditions, mericarp processing, and germination conditions of the endemic Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk. on germination. The technological process of obtaining aseptic in vitro culture was perfected. Mericarps collected from introduced species in 2022 were examined. Explants were sterilized once or twice with 0.1% AgNO3 or 0.1% AgNO3, followed by the use of 10% Н2О2. The pericarp was removed from the sterilized mericarps, and seeds were germinated on a solid 1/2 Murashige and Skoog medium. Callus genesis was induced by culturing the true leaves of seedlings on a Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (10 μM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (0–5 μM) in the dark. The seeds of S. divaricata exhibit shallow dormancy, and the most favorable conditions for their germination are stratification for 30 days at 4 °С or the scarification of mericarps and germination in an environmental chamber (photoperiod of 16.5 h and a daytime temperature of 27 °С with its slight decrease at night). Laboratory germination capacity reaches 94%. The absence of whole seeds at the end of the experiment suggests a small soil seed bank, which accounts for the vulnerability of natural populations along with monocarpy. The in vitro culture of S. divaricata was obtained. Pericarp removal from mericarps was shown to accelerate germination and improve germination capacity while significantly reducing contamination. A callus was formed on leaf petioles in 66% of explants on an auxin medium, while on a medium with auxin and cytokinin, it was formed across the entire surface of the leaf blade in 72% of explants. Further callus development occurred only on the auxin medium.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-523-531
A. Grigoriadi, N. V. Zobkova, Yulia Sotnikova, A. Yamaleeva, R. Farkhutdinov
The present study aims to evaluate microbiological activity in the rhizosphere of plants growing under oil pollution conditions and in the presence of biopreparations having a different spectrum of action. Common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) were selected as phytoremediation plants. The soil was treated with the hydrocarbon-oxidizing preparation “Lenoil” and two preparations of nonspecific action having a growth-stimulating effect: “Elena” and “Azolen”. A soil pollutant concentration of 4% was selected for conducting plant-based bioremediation. The study showed a slight increase in the total microbial count and the microscopic fungi count in the rhizosphere of plants due to pollution, while indicating a decrease in the count of amino-autotrophs and cellulolytics. The introduction of non-specific biopreparations into the soil promoted the growth of destructive microorganisms despite the fact that microorganisms in the preparations are not designed for soil detoxification and decontamination. Under the effect of biopreparations, the rhizosphere of sunflower and wheatgrass plants exhibited an increase or stabilization of microbiological activity, which may indicate their positive effect on microbiological processes occurring in contaminated soil. The rhizosphere of Agropyron cristatum L. plants generally provided a more favorable environment for the development of such groups of bacteria as amino-autotrophs, cellulolytics, micromycetes, and hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. Of the studied variants of soil treatment with biopreparations for phytoremediation purposes, it is recommended to combine the application of the “Lenoil” biopreparation and the planting of phytoremediation plants in oil-contaminated soil.
{"title":"Response of the rhizosphere microbial community of phytoremediation plants to oil pollution and the application of biopreparations","authors":"A. Grigoriadi, N. V. Zobkova, Yulia Sotnikova, A. Yamaleeva, R. Farkhutdinov","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-523-531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-523-531","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to evaluate microbiological activity in the rhizosphere of plants growing under oil pollution conditions and in the presence of biopreparations having a different spectrum of action. Common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) were selected as phytoremediation plants. The soil was treated with the hydrocarbon-oxidizing preparation “Lenoil” and two preparations of nonspecific action having a growth-stimulating effect: “Elena” and “Azolen”. A soil pollutant concentration of 4% was selected for conducting plant-based bioremediation. The study showed a slight increase in the total microbial count and the microscopic fungi count in the rhizosphere of plants due to pollution, while indicating a decrease in the count of amino-autotrophs and cellulolytics. The introduction of non-specific biopreparations into the soil promoted the growth of destructive microorganisms despite the fact that microorganisms in the preparations are not designed for soil detoxification and decontamination. Under the effect of biopreparations, the rhizosphere of sunflower and wheatgrass plants exhibited an increase or stabilization of microbiological activity, which may indicate their positive effect on microbiological processes occurring in contaminated soil. The rhizosphere of Agropyron cristatum L. plants generally provided a more favorable environment for the development of such groups of bacteria as amino-autotrophs, cellulolytics, micromycetes, and hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. Of the studied variants of soil treatment with biopreparations for phytoremediation purposes, it is recommended to combine the application of the “Lenoil” biopreparation and the planting of phytoremediation plants in oil-contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-545-551
I. A. Vasilev, D. Krivenko, I. Petrushin, I. G. Kondratov, O. Ogarkov, Yu. A. Markova
Bacteria provide plants with additional resistance to adverse environmental factors, such as the lack of soil nutrients, anthropogenic pollution, the presence of phytopathogens, etc. The search for valuable biotechnological strains should be conducted among microorganisms associated with plants growing under unfavorable conditions. The present study aims to isolate and characterize microorganisms inhabiting the endo- and rhizosphere of Hedysarum zundukii, a local endemic of the Olkhon region (Olkhonsky District, Irkutsk Oblast). A total of 88 microbial strains were isolated, with Gram-positive microorganisms predominating in both the rhizo- and endosphere. In the rhizosphere, the vast majority of strains were found to belong to actinomycetes. Of the 25 identified isolates, four belong to the Rhizobiaceae family. The Phyllobacterium zundukense rhizobacterium was previously described as part of the microbiome of root nodules in Oxytropis triphylla also growing in this region. Its detection in the rhizosphere soil of H. zundukii suggests that this microorganism is associated with different legume species rather than with a single host. Of particular interest are the strains of Actinomycetia, as well as Lysobacter sp. and Variovorax paradoxus, which are promising for further study as producers of biologically active compounds, stimulators of plant growth and development, or pollutant degraders. Thus, isolates from both the rhizosphere and endosphere of H. Zundukii may possess traits useful for biotechnology and require further study.
{"title":"Microorganisms inhabiting the endo- and rhizosphere of Hedysarum zundukii (Fabaceae) endemic to the Baikal region","authors":"I. A. Vasilev, D. Krivenko, I. Petrushin, I. G. Kondratov, O. Ogarkov, Yu. A. Markova","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-545-551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-545-551","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria provide plants with additional resistance to adverse environmental factors, such as the lack of soil nutrients, anthropogenic pollution, the presence of phytopathogens, etc. The search for valuable biotechnological strains should be conducted among microorganisms associated with plants growing under unfavorable conditions. The present study aims to isolate and characterize microorganisms inhabiting the endo- and rhizosphere of Hedysarum zundukii, a local endemic of the Olkhon region (Olkhonsky District, Irkutsk Oblast). A total of 88 microbial strains were isolated, with Gram-positive microorganisms predominating in both the rhizo- and endosphere. In the rhizosphere, the vast majority of strains were found to belong to actinomycetes. Of the 25 identified isolates, four belong to the Rhizobiaceae family. The Phyllobacterium zundukense rhizobacterium was previously described as part of the microbiome of root nodules in Oxytropis triphylla also growing in this region. Its detection in the rhizosphere soil of H. zundukii suggests that this microorganism is associated with different legume species rather than with a single host. Of particular interest are the strains of Actinomycetia, as well as Lysobacter sp. and Variovorax paradoxus, which are promising for further study as producers of biologically active compounds, stimulators of plant growth and development, or pollutant degraders. Thus, isolates from both the rhizosphere and endosphere of H. Zundukii may possess traits useful for biotechnology and require further study.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-579-588
N. A. Korotaeva, V. N. Shmakov, S. E. Moldavskaya
Intraspecific differences in the level of stress tolerance in woody plants remain understudied, even though this characteristic is important for tree breeding. Dehydrins are intracellular defense proteins that protect other proteins, as well as membranes, from damage caused by intracellular dehydration under water stress. The present paper aims to examine the possibility of detecting dehydrins produced in response to water stress, as well as interindividual differences in dehydrin accumulation in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) under in vitro conditions. In this work, callus culture derived from the branch and bud tissues of two Scots pine trees (T3 and T4) was used; for these trees, quantitative and qualitative differences in the composition of dehydrins were found. Interindividual differences in callus cultures were expressed as variations in the frequency of callus formation events and callus culture growth index. With the addition of 5 or 8% polyethylene glycol to the culture medium, the effect of water stress on the callus culture was expressed in a dose-dependent decrease of water content in callus cells, as well as the accumulation of shock protein Hsp70 and dehydrins having masses of 47, 42, and 27 kDa. The composition of dehydrins and the level of their accumulation differed between calluses derived from T3 and T4, suggesting different levels of water stress tolerance in the cells of these callus cultures. The existence of such differences may provide a basis for detecting dehydrins in Scots pine produced in response to water stress.
{"title":"Effect of water stress on the accumulation of dehydrins in callus culture cells from Pinus sylvestris L.","authors":"N. A. Korotaeva, V. N. Shmakov, S. E. Moldavskaya","doi":"10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-579-588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-4-579-588","url":null,"abstract":"Intraspecific differences in the level of stress tolerance in woody plants remain understudied, even though this characteristic is important for tree breeding. Dehydrins are intracellular defense proteins that protect other proteins, as well as membranes, from damage caused by intracellular dehydration under water stress. The present paper aims to examine the possibility of detecting dehydrins produced in response to water stress, as well as interindividual differences in dehydrin accumulation in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) under in vitro conditions. In this work, callus culture derived from the branch and bud tissues of two Scots pine trees (T3 and T4) was used; for these trees, quantitative and qualitative differences in the composition of dehydrins were found. Interindividual differences in callus cultures were expressed as variations in the frequency of callus formation events and callus culture growth index. With the addition of 5 or 8% polyethylene glycol to the culture medium, the effect of water stress on the callus culture was expressed in a dose-dependent decrease of water content in callus cells, as well as the accumulation of shock protein Hsp70 and dehydrins having masses of 47, 42, and 27 kDa. The composition of dehydrins and the level of their accumulation differed between calluses derived from T3 and T4, suggesting different levels of water stress tolerance in the cells of these callus cultures. The existence of such differences may provide a basis for detecting dehydrins in Scots pine produced in response to water stress.","PeriodicalId":20677,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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