Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439672
V. Knoop, M. Bell, H. Zuylen
Incidents whose frequencies are unknown cause a large part of the unreliability of road networks. Especially risk-averse road users avoid the possibility of large travel times under a disruption. This paper proposes a traffic assignment which accounts for risk-averseness. Scenarios for all possible disruptions are simulated. The risk-averseness of a user is generalized in a two-parameter route choice formulation. Depending on the parameters, users assign a weight on the travel times for each scenario. This is the basis for their route choice. The simulator can handle a traffic flow composed from different user classes simultaneously in the same network. In the presented case study, the link loads depend on the parameter settings of the users. The route choice for a user class also depends on the risk-averseness of the other users in the network.
{"title":"Traffic assignment based on individual risk-attitude","authors":"V. Knoop, M. Bell, H. Zuylen","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439672","url":null,"abstract":"Incidents whose frequencies are unknown cause a large part of the unreliability of road networks. Especially risk-averse road users avoid the possibility of large travel times under a disruption. This paper proposes a traffic assignment which accounts for risk-averseness. Scenarios for all possible disruptions are simulated. The risk-averseness of a user is generalized in a two-parameter route choice formulation. Depending on the parameters, users assign a weight on the travel times for each scenario. This is the basis for their route choice. The simulator can handle a traffic flow composed from different user classes simultaneously in the same network. In the presented case study, the link loads depend on the parameter settings of the users. The route choice for a user class also depends on the risk-averseness of the other users in the network.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"2009 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129064057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439669
Niki Frantzeskaki, Derk Loorbachb
This paper draws attention to the importance of the role of infrastructures in transitions and tries to explore the added value infrasystems and transition management research can have for each other. A framework is presented which positions infrastructures within the context of societal transitions; offering a new perspective on infrasystems change. The different responses of and change modes for three different types of infrasystems (energy, water and mobility) over the course of transitions will be presented. The transition management approach is used to investigate the possibilities for steering radical change of the different infrasystem types. Consequently, we will formulate some tentative lessons and insights for infrasystem developers/designers, regulators and users on how to deal with, facilitate or induce radical change.
{"title":"Infrastructures in transition role and response of infrastructures in societal transitions","authors":"Niki Frantzeskaki, Derk Loorbachb","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439669","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws attention to the importance of the role of infrastructures in transitions and tries to explore the added value infrasystems and transition management research can have for each other. A framework is presented which positions infrastructures within the context of societal transitions; offering a new perspective on infrasystems change. The different responses of and change modes for three different types of infrasystems (energy, water and mobility) over the course of transitions will be presented. The transition management approach is used to investigate the possibilities for steering radical change of the different infrasystem types. Consequently, we will formulate some tentative lessons and insights for infrasystem developers/designers, regulators and users on how to deal with, facilitate or induce radical change.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121155452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439643
Delphine M-P. François, A. Correljé, J. J. Bouma
Both the trend towards integrated water resources management and the evolution towards cost recovery change the outlook of the water sector in many respects. This paper uses a transaction costs economics perspective to analyse the way in which these trends affect allocation mechanisms in the water sector. We argue that the implementation of cost recovery in a context of integrated water resources management is shaped by both institutional and technological considerations. Our approach is illustrated by referring to some recent evolutions in the Flemish water supply and sanitation sector (Belgium).
{"title":"Integrated water resources management and valuation issues: An institutional perspective on cost recovery in the water supply and sanitation sector","authors":"Delphine M-P. François, A. Correljé, J. J. Bouma","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439643","url":null,"abstract":"Both the trend towards integrated water resources management and the evolution towards cost recovery change the outlook of the water sector in many respects. This paper uses a transaction costs economics perspective to analyse the way in which these trends affect allocation mechanisms in the water sector. We argue that the implementation of cost recovery in a context of integrated water resources management is shaped by both institutional and technological considerations. Our approach is illustrated by referring to some recent evolutions in the Flemish water supply and sanitation sector (Belgium).","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116477711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439612
R. Fischer, A. Zoeteman
Rail Infrastructure Managers (RIMs) have a growing challenge fulfilling their responsibility to maintain rail infrastructure, because of increasing pressure from governments and train operating companies. The goal of this paper is to describe the role of RIMs and to develop a quantitative model to provide transparency about costs and performance. We carried out a case study with the aim of developing a quantitative performance model of one track section. First, we chose four critical technical systems of the track section. Second, we developed a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) of the critical technical systems. Finally, we ran Monte Carlo simulations using alternative maintenance concepts as input in the model and the performance of the track section as output of the model. The simulations show that alternative maintenance concepts have a major impact on the performance of a track section. The results show that it is possible for a RIM to establish the desired transparency about costs and performance, which is useful in managing expectancies of their stakeholders.
{"title":"Development of a quantitative performance model of track sections: A decision support tool for rail infrastructure maintenance policymakers","authors":"R. Fischer, A. Zoeteman","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439612","url":null,"abstract":"Rail Infrastructure Managers (RIMs) have a growing challenge fulfilling their responsibility to maintain rail infrastructure, because of increasing pressure from governments and train operating companies. The goal of this paper is to describe the role of RIMs and to develop a quantitative model to provide transparency about costs and performance. We carried out a case study with the aim of developing a quantitative performance model of one track section. First, we chose four critical technical systems of the track section. Second, we developed a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) of the critical technical systems. Finally, we ran Monte Carlo simulations using alternative maintenance concepts as input in the model and the performance of the track section as output of the model. The simulations show that alternative maintenance concepts have a major impact on the performance of a track section. The results show that it is possible for a RIM to establish the desired transparency about costs and performance, which is useful in managing expectancies of their stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124142776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439573
G. Dijkema, Z. Lukszo
Operation and evolution of infrastructure mutually influence each other. Both involve decision-making. Novel insights are expected from simulating both in concert in a single model. A framework is presented to compare and combined the two types of models and to enable multi-scale modeling and simulation for decision support. The selection of an appropriate sampling frequency and synchronization is not trivial, considering the magnitude of the decision-space to be explored. Building-blocks for the multi-scale model are presented.
{"title":"The operation and evolution of infrastructures in one model the role of agent-based modeling","authors":"G. Dijkema, Z. Lukszo","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439573","url":null,"abstract":"Operation and evolution of infrastructure mutually influence each other. Both involve decision-making. Novel insights are expected from simulating both in concert in a single model. A framework is presented to compare and combined the two types of models and to enable multi-scale modeling and simulation for decision support. The selection of an appropriate sampling frequency and synchronization is not trivial, considering the magnitude of the decision-space to be explored. Building-blocks for the multi-scale model are presented.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115535420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439644
Antti Silvast
During recent years, the risks of critical infrastructures failing have been in the foreground in many European and EU policies. This paper presents another viewpoint to these discussions: the day-to-day user experiences of actual failures. By presenting research findings from a study done of electricity blackouts in Finland, I aim to show that failures are complicated situations and people hardly agree on what to make of the risks and uncertainties that result. Two social theories will be employed for these results. First, new risks and uncertainties can be seen as imposing vulnerabilities and rendering people helpless. But second, risks and uncertainty can also be seen as an important part of everyday life. In the final chapter, the results are reflected on governing security of electricity supply. Here I claim that the varieties of risk responses should be also accounted for at the level of policies and regulation.
{"title":"Being at-risk or taking risks? Day-to-day experiences of electricity blackouts","authors":"Antti Silvast","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439644","url":null,"abstract":"During recent years, the risks of critical infrastructures failing have been in the foreground in many European and EU policies. This paper presents another viewpoint to these discussions: the day-to-day user experiences of actual failures. By presenting research findings from a study done of electricity blackouts in Finland, I aim to show that failures are complicated situations and people hardly agree on what to make of the risks and uncertainties that result. Two social theories will be employed for these results. First, new risks and uncertainties can be seen as imposing vulnerabilities and rendering people helpless. But second, risks and uncertainty can also be seen as an important part of everyday life. In the final chapter, the results are reflected on governing security of electricity supply. Here I claim that the varieties of risk responses should be also accounted for at the level of policies and regulation.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115064909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439685
M. Trombetta
This paper explores the impact of the transformation of energy problems into security issues in promoting a transition toward a more sustainable energy system. To do so the paper considers how different modes of governance are related with technological innovation and institutional transformation and how the conceptualization of a problem as a security issue impacts on governance. To undertake this analysis the paper draws on the taxonomy of paradigms of governance proposed by Hisschemoller et al. and on a performative approach to security as formulated by the theory of securitization. It then integrates these two approaches using the concept of governmentality as an analytical tool to show that a process of securitization implies a transformation of the mechanisms of governance rather than a shift from one paradigm to another.
{"title":"Governing energy transitions: From governance to governmentality","authors":"M. Trombetta","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439685","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the impact of the transformation of energy problems into security issues in promoting a transition toward a more sustainable energy system. To do so the paper considers how different modes of governance are related with technological innovation and institutional transformation and how the conceptualization of a problem as a security issue impacts on governance. To undertake this analysis the paper draws on the taxonomy of paradigms of governance proposed by Hisschemoller et al. and on a performative approach to security as formulated by the theory of securitization. It then integrates these two approaches using the concept of governmentality as an analytical tool to show that a process of securitization implies a transformation of the mechanisms of governance rather than a shift from one paradigm to another.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116993537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439574
K. V. Dam, A. Adhitya, R. Srinivasan, Z. Lukszo
Benchmarking is not only about making comparisons but, through these, learning lessons to improve actual performance or knowledge. Comparing modelling paradigms based only on the conceptual model specifications is not enough; rather a well-defined benchmarking process and the execution of experiments are required. A benchmarking strategy is applied to three models of an oil refinery supply chain, using the agent-based or equation-based paradigm. Despite the different paradigms, the models share the same assumptions and model boundaries and an attempt is made to provide same initial conditions and stochastics. The benchmarking process shows that clear definitions of the modelling paradigms are needed to avoid confusion and to enable mining of specific and guiding conclusions from the benchmarking studies. Agent-based models and equation-based models rely on different modelling attributes: The first are mostly identified by the model elements (i.e. individuals) while the latter are mostly identified by the system description elements (i.e. equations). We present a way to visualize this and to add nuance to the choice of labels to allow for the conclusions of the benchmarking study to be generalised beyond the models that are compared, to learn about the advantages and shortcomings of modelling paradigms. Finally, some misconceptions regarding agent-based modelling are identified. The lessons learnt apply to supply chain domain but are extensible to other domains.
{"title":"Nuances of benchmarking agent-based and equation-based models of an oil refinery supply chain","authors":"K. V. Dam, A. Adhitya, R. Srinivasan, Z. Lukszo","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439574","url":null,"abstract":"Benchmarking is not only about making comparisons but, through these, learning lessons to improve actual performance or knowledge. Comparing modelling paradigms based only on the conceptual model specifications is not enough; rather a well-defined benchmarking process and the execution of experiments are required. A benchmarking strategy is applied to three models of an oil refinery supply chain, using the agent-based or equation-based paradigm. Despite the different paradigms, the models share the same assumptions and model boundaries and an attempt is made to provide same initial conditions and stochastics. The benchmarking process shows that clear definitions of the modelling paradigms are needed to avoid confusion and to enable mining of specific and guiding conclusions from the benchmarking studies. Agent-based models and equation-based models rely on different modelling attributes: The first are mostly identified by the model elements (i.e. individuals) while the latter are mostly identified by the system description elements (i.e. equations). We present a way to visualize this and to add nuance to the choice of labels to allow for the conclusions of the benchmarking study to be generalised beyond the models that are compared, to learn about the advantages and shortcomings of modelling paradigms. Finally, some misconceptions regarding agent-based modelling are identified. The lessons learnt apply to supply chain domain but are extensible to other domains.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117064070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439681
F. Kienzle, P. Favre-Perrod, M. Arnold, G. Andersson
This paper presents an overview of the methods and modeling concepts developed in the framework of the project ¿Vision of Future Energy Networks¿. It outlines the fundamentals of the project comprising (a) the development of modeling and analysis tools for systems involving multiple energy carriers (e.g. electricity, heat and gas) and (b) a Greenfield approach for the integrated planning and realization of future energy infrastructures. This paper especially focusses on a layout procedure for the so-called Energy Interconnector being a device for combined transportation of electrical, chemical and thermal energy. Concluding the paper, the potential application of the Energy Interconnector is illustrated with an exemplary case study. The presented modeling and analysis framework can be used to evaluate multi-energy networks as development option for future energy networks.
{"title":"Multi-energy delivery infrastructures for the future","authors":"F. Kienzle, P. Favre-Perrod, M. Arnold, G. Andersson","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439681","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the methods and modeling concepts developed in the framework of the project ¿Vision of Future Energy Networks¿. It outlines the fundamentals of the project comprising (a) the development of modeling and analysis tools for systems involving multiple energy carriers (e.g. electricity, heat and gas) and (b) a Greenfield approach for the integrated planning and realization of future energy infrastructures. This paper especially focusses on a layout procedure for the so-called Energy Interconnector being a device for combined transportation of electrical, chemical and thermal energy. Concluding the paper, the potential application of the Energy Interconnector is illustrated with an exemplary case study. The presented modeling and analysis framework can be used to evaluate multi-energy networks as development option for future energy networks.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115985041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439579
C. Duthaler, M. Finger
In the light of the ongoing electricity market integration in Europe, the debate has turned to a more regional approach of network access. Among other things, this leads to new questions with regard to the handling of congestion revenues. This paper explores the importance of a comprehensive view at the Congestion Revenue Cycle, consisting of the three stages revenue generation, revenue distribution and revenue usage. The relationship between available capacity and congestion revenue is examined and the effect of several revenue distribution keys is empirically investigated. The findings show that a revenue distribution must consider revenue generation and revenue usage to achieve sustainable results.
{"title":"Empirical analysis of the Congestion Revenue Cycle in Europe's electricity grid","authors":"C. Duthaler, M. Finger","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439579","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of the ongoing electricity market integration in Europe, the debate has turned to a more regional approach of network access. Among other things, this leads to new questions with regard to the handling of congestion revenues. This paper explores the importance of a comprehensive view at the Congestion Revenue Cycle, consisting of the three stages revenue generation, revenue distribution and revenue usage. The relationship between available capacity and congestion revenue is examined and the effect of several revenue distribution keys is empirically investigated. The findings show that a revenue distribution must consider revenue generation and revenue usage to achieve sustainable results.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127378609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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