Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439653
M. Arnold, R. Negenborn, G. Andersson, B. Schutter
The optimization of combined electricity and natural gas systems is addressed in this paper. The two networks are connected via energy hubs. Using the energy hub concept, the interactions between the different infrastructures can be analyzed. A system consisting of several interconnected hubs forms a distributed power generation structure where each hub is controlled by its respective control agent. Recently, a distributed control method has been applied to such a system. The overall optimization problem including the entire system is decomposed into subproblems according to the control agents. In this paper, a parallel and serial version of that method is discussed. Simulation results are obtained through experiments on a three-hub benchmark system.
{"title":"Distributed control applied to combined electricity and natural gas infrastructures","authors":"M. Arnold, R. Negenborn, G. Andersson, B. Schutter","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439653","url":null,"abstract":"The optimization of combined electricity and natural gas systems is addressed in this paper. The two networks are connected via energy hubs. Using the energy hub concept, the interactions between the different infrastructures can be analyzed. A system consisting of several interconnected hubs forms a distributed power generation structure where each hub is controlled by its respective control agent. Recently, a distributed control method has been applied to such a system. The overall optimization problem including the entire system is decomposed into subproblems according to the control agents. In this paper, a parallel and serial version of that method is discussed. Simulation results are obtained through experiments on a three-hub benchmark system.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122796182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439656
S. Braghin, I. N. Fovino, Alberto Trombetta
The modern critical infrastructures (Power grids, Power plants, gas and oil pipelines etc.) are nowadays strongly interconnected at national and international level. The failure of one of them can originate cascading effects which might have serious and disastrous impact on others, even geographically far, infrastructures. The exchange of information about vulnerabilities, threats, countermeasures among the different actors of such interleaved systems assumes a not negligible role in the prevention of continental disasters. Due to their intrinsic nature, such information has to be considered strongly confidential and sensitive. Cope with the two needs of ¿share information¿ preserving the ¿confidentiality¿ according to some criteria, is the big obstacle in the creation of effective critical infrastructure information sharing networks. In this paper we present an extension of the well known Trust-X negotiation framework, which allows to address the confidentiality problem in the context of information sharing for critical infrastructures.
{"title":"Advanced trust negotiation in critical infrastructures","authors":"S. Braghin, I. N. Fovino, Alberto Trombetta","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439656","url":null,"abstract":"The modern critical infrastructures (Power grids, Power plants, gas and oil pipelines etc.) are nowadays strongly interconnected at national and international level. The failure of one of them can originate cascading effects which might have serious and disastrous impact on others, even geographically far, infrastructures. The exchange of information about vulnerabilities, threats, countermeasures among the different actors of such interleaved systems assumes a not negligible role in the prevention of continental disasters. Due to their intrinsic nature, such information has to be considered strongly confidential and sensitive. Cope with the two needs of ¿share information¿ preserving the ¿confidentiality¿ according to some criteria, is the big obstacle in the creation of effective critical infrastructure information sharing networks. In this paper we present an extension of the well known Trust-X negotiation framework, which allows to address the confidentiality problem in the context of information sharing for critical infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126941258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439611
Jia Zhao, D. DeLaurentis
Characterizing the envelope of most probable future air transportation architectures requires a system-of-systems approach. Such an approach is intended to produce both tactical and strategic level decisions and do so in consideration of technological, policy, and socio-economic aspects. Agent-based modeling has found productive use in this domain by providing flexible tool for analysis of large-scale interacting systems. Following from the system-of-systems nature of air transportation, existing models can be readily categorized by their level of abstraction. Four existing agent-based models and one model under development are reviewed in this paper, identifying and generalizing four major methodological issues in their application of ABM. Subsequently, implications from these applications on augmentations such as game theory, agent-based optimization, intelligent agents, and treatment of uncertainty are presented. All these issues exist even beyond the scope of air transportation and could be of value for common application of ABM.
{"title":"Issues and opportunities for agent-based modeling in air transportation","authors":"Jia Zhao, D. DeLaurentis","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439611","url":null,"abstract":"Characterizing the envelope of most probable future air transportation architectures requires a system-of-systems approach. Such an approach is intended to produce both tactical and strategic level decisions and do so in consideration of technological, policy, and socio-economic aspects. Agent-based modeling has found productive use in this domain by providing flexible tool for analysis of large-scale interacting systems. Following from the system-of-systems nature of air transportation, existing models can be readily categorized by their level of abstraction. Four existing agent-based models and one model under development are reviewed in this paper, identifying and generalizing four major methodological issues in their application of ABM. Subsequently, implications from these applications on augmentations such as game theory, agent-based optimization, intelligent agents, and treatment of uncertainty are presented. All these issues exist even beyond the scope of air transportation and could be of value for common application of ABM.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114274952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439686
J. Auger
Since the mid-eighteenth century, several infrastructures have been laid in Europe and North America. How have they been governed up until the present period? This problem leads to the identification the broad patters of coevolution between technology and institutions. In this essay, I discuss the changes in institutional arrangements, the phases of large socio-technical systems and the broad historical periods. This discussion aims at setting the stage for the production of a synthetical view of the history of infrastructures.
{"title":"The governance of large socio-technical system in history","authors":"J. Auger","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439686","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-eighteenth century, several infrastructures have been laid in Europe and North America. How have they been governed up until the present period? This problem leads to the identification the broad patters of coevolution between technology and institutions. In this essay, I discuss the changes in institutional arrangements, the phases of large socio-technical systems and the broad historical periods. This discussion aims at setting the stage for the production of a synthetical view of the history of infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114655785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439589
Deike Peters
The Berlin Tiergarten tunnel project consisted of a joint planning approval procedure for one road and several rail tunnels (inter-city, metro rail and city subway). The tunnels lead through the heart of re-unified Berlin, starting at the site of the new Central Railway Station, cutting underneath the River Spree and the new Federal government quarter, as well the Tiergarten park and the new entertainment complexes at Potsdamer Platz. This paper traces the decision-making processes for this crucial post-Berlin Wall mega-project, and raises important questions regarding optimistic forecasting, the estimation of risk, cost overruns, the role of prestige in large infrastructure projects, and the limits of public review procedures. More importantly, it provides particular insights into a complex, highly consequential case where multiple urban transport mega-projects were bundled together for joint approval and implementation.
{"title":"Digging through the heart of reunified Berlin: Unbundling the story of the Tiergarten-tunnel mega-project","authors":"Deike Peters","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439589","url":null,"abstract":"The Berlin Tiergarten tunnel project consisted of a joint planning approval procedure for one road and several rail tunnels (inter-city, metro rail and city subway). The tunnels lead through the heart of re-unified Berlin, starting at the site of the new Central Railway Station, cutting underneath the River Spree and the new Federal government quarter, as well the Tiergarten park and the new entertainment complexes at Potsdamer Platz. This paper traces the decision-making processes for this crucial post-Berlin Wall mega-project, and raises important questions regarding optimistic forecasting, the estimation of risk, cost overruns, the role of prestige in large infrastructure projects, and the limits of public review procedures. More importantly, it provides particular insights into a complex, highly consequential case where multiple urban transport mega-projects were bundled together for joint approval and implementation.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"22 40","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120841554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1504/IJCIS.2010.031070
É. Chappin, G. Dijkema
Transitions emerge over time as fundamental change of large-scale socio-technical systems such as energy infrastructures that are the backbone of society. To date, however, the body-of-knowledge on energy infrastructure transitions is largely descriptive. Transition management, however, does have a prescriptive character - not only can we understand transitions, we can also shape them. This implies technical system design is augmented with policy, regulation, R&D strategies: some coherent all-inclusive set of transition instruments or transition assemblage. We conjecture a transition management strategy may equate to collaborative design of such a transition assemblage. Using foundations of complex systems theory, agent-based modeling, engineering and policy design scenario analysis, design of experiments and statistical data analysis, a modeling framework has been developed that enables ex-ante assessment of alternative transition assemblage design-alternatives.
{"title":"Agent-based modeling of energy infrastructure transitions","authors":"É. Chappin, G. Dijkema","doi":"10.1504/IJCIS.2010.031070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCIS.2010.031070","url":null,"abstract":"Transitions emerge over time as fundamental change of large-scale socio-technical systems such as energy infrastructures that are the backbone of society. To date, however, the body-of-knowledge on energy infrastructure transitions is largely descriptive. Transition management, however, does have a prescriptive character - not only can we understand transitions, we can also shape them. This implies technical system design is augmented with policy, regulation, R&D strategies: some coherent all-inclusive set of transition instruments or transition assemblage. We conjecture a transition management strategy may equate to collaborative design of such a transition assemblage. Using foundations of complex systems theory, agent-based modeling, engineering and policy design scenario analysis, design of experiments and statistical data analysis, a modeling framework has been developed that enables ex-ante assessment of alternative transition assemblage design-alternatives.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124000381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439575
M. van Eeten, Ming-Gang Wan
This article explores changes in emergency management in China, most notably the management of information during crises. We present five case studies: the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome epidemic, the 2005 Songhua water pollution crisis, the 2008 snow storms and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In the earlier cases, governmental organizations withheld information in an attempt to retain control over the disaster and how citizens responded to it. The control over information eroded citizens' trust in the government's ability to deal with the crisis. This led to behavior on the part of the citizens' that in some cases actually exacerbated the emergency. These experiences have led to dramatic changes in information disclosure during emergency management, changes that went directly against the dominant practices with the Chinese state apparatus.
{"title":"Governmental information management during major emergencies in China: A paradox of control","authors":"M. van Eeten, Ming-Gang Wan","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439575","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores changes in emergency management in China, most notably the management of information during crises. We present five case studies: the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome epidemic, the 2005 Songhua water pollution crisis, the 2008 snow storms and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In the earlier cases, governmental organizations withheld information in an attempt to retain control over the disaster and how citizens responded to it. The control over information eroded citizens' trust in the government's ability to deal with the crisis. This led to behavior on the part of the citizens' that in some cases actually exacerbated the emergency. These experiences have led to dramatic changes in information disclosure during emergency management, changes that went directly against the dominant practices with the Chinese state apparatus.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124358994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439683
Mi Jianing
In the modern history of China, the government's scientific and technological policy and its technology innovation policy are logically connected. The Chinese government's high technology policy has been shaped by complicated political and economic circumstances both domestically and internationally; both the past and the present have influenced this dynamic between policy decisions and external conditions. The national technological innovation strategy plays an important role in creating a system that coordinates the interaction between China's high technology policy and its development strategy. All of these structured relationships constitute an important part of public policy in China. At the present, as the process of globalization speeds ahead, the national competitiveness of any country in the world strategically depends on both its research on high technology and its high technology industry. The government of any country has to confront this reality as a matter of public policy because to develop high technology requires a huge basic investment. The high technology policy and the high technology development strategy of a country will ideally feature institutional arrangements that adapt to these trends.
{"title":"China's high technology policy and its national technological innovation system","authors":"Mi Jianing","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439683","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern history of China, the government's scientific and technological policy and its technology innovation policy are logically connected. The Chinese government's high technology policy has been shaped by complicated political and economic circumstances both domestically and internationally; both the past and the present have influenced this dynamic between policy decisions and external conditions. The national technological innovation strategy plays an important role in creating a system that coordinates the interaction between China's high technology policy and its development strategy. All of these structured relationships constitute an important part of public policy in China. At the present, as the process of globalization speeds ahead, the national competitiveness of any country in the world strategically depends on both its research on high technology and its high technology industry. The government of any country has to confront this reality as a matter of public policy because to develop high technology requires a huge basic investment. The high technology policy and the high technology development strategy of a country will ideally feature institutional arrangements that adapt to these trends.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117262222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439670
L. AlAbdulkarim, Z. Lukszo
In recent years the operations of critical infrastructures have witnessed rapid developments in the way these services are being implemented and delivered to consumers. One of the major transformations in these infrastructures is the adaptation of the latest developments in the information and communication technologies, an example of this is Smart Metering in the energy sector. However, to ensure a successful operation of smart metering service, a number of factors must be taken into consideration, one of which is the assurance of metering-related information security. Our goal is this paper is to explore in what ways the information security assurance can be incorporated in the design, operation and maintenance processes of the smart metering infrastructure, and how security policies and models can be shaped to define the roles and information access privileges of the different actors.
{"title":"Information security assurance in critical infrastructures: Smart metering case","authors":"L. AlAbdulkarim, Z. Lukszo","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439670","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the operations of critical infrastructures have witnessed rapid developments in the way these services are being implemented and delivered to consumers. One of the major transformations in these infrastructures is the adaptation of the latest developments in the information and communication technologies, an example of this is Smart Metering in the energy sector. However, to ensure a successful operation of smart metering service, a number of factors must be taken into consideration, one of which is the assurance of metering-related information security. Our goal is this paper is to explore in what ways the information security assurance can be incorporated in the design, operation and maintenance processes of the smart metering infrastructure, and how security policies and models can be shaped to define the roles and information access privileges of the different actors.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123122778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439633
C. van Rhee, M. Pieters, M.P. van de Voort
Infrastructure projects are subject to internal and external uncertainties. Being able to anticipate to uncertainties within a project and manage them adds value to the business case. Although it is commonly used to evaluate projects, the Net Present Value (NPV) method is unable to determine the added value of managing risk and flexibility. Real Options (RO), a method originating from financial markets, gives management a tool to value flexibility and risk in infrastructure projects. Literature provides several examples on how to value options or execute a Real Options analysis. However, the majority of these examples fails to incorporate all opportunities offered by RO to include options and/or ways to reduce uncertainty. This paper presents twelve opportunities that should be considered to minimise the risk of a project and increase the flexibility of the project during its lifetime. This checklist is based on practical experience with project evaluations and could be used as a starting point to list alternatives that should be evaluated. Including a wider set of alternatives in an evaluation has substantial benefits and may lead to different decisions.
{"title":"Real Options applied to infrastructure projects: A new approach to value and manage risk and flexibility","authors":"C. van Rhee, M. Pieters, M.P. van de Voort","doi":"10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INFRA.2008.5439633","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructure projects are subject to internal and external uncertainties. Being able to anticipate to uncertainties within a project and manage them adds value to the business case. Although it is commonly used to evaluate projects, the Net Present Value (NPV) method is unable to determine the added value of managing risk and flexibility. Real Options (RO), a method originating from financial markets, gives management a tool to value flexibility and risk in infrastructure projects. Literature provides several examples on how to value options or execute a Real Options analysis. However, the majority of these examples fails to incorporate all opportunities offered by RO to include options and/or ways to reduce uncertainty. This paper presents twelve opportunities that should be considered to minimise the risk of a project and increase the flexibility of the project during its lifetime. This checklist is based on practical experience with project evaluations and could be used as a starting point to list alternatives that should be evaluated. Including a wider set of alternatives in an evaluation has substantial benefits and may lead to different decisions.","PeriodicalId":207041,"journal":{"name":"2008 First International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Building Networks for a Brighter Future (INFRA)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115401982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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