首页 > 最新文献

Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences最新文献

英文 中文
A tensor density measure of topological charge in three-dimensional nematic phases 三维向列相中拓扑电荷的张量密度测量方法
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0564
Cody D. Schimming, Jorge Vinals

A path-independent measure in order parameter space is introduced such that, when integrated along any closed contour in a three-dimensional nematic phase, it yields the topological charge of any line defects encircled by the contour. A related measure, when integrated over either closed or open surfaces, reduces to known results for the charge associated with point defects (hedgehogs) or Skyrmions. We further define a tensor density, the disclination density tensor D, from which the location of a disclination line can be determined. This tensor density has a dyadic decomposition near the line into its tangent and its rotation vector, allowing a convenient determination of both. The tensor D may be non-zero in special configurations in which there are no defects (double-splay or double-twist configurations), and its behaviour there is provided. The special cases of Skyrmions and hedgehog defects are also examined, including the computation of their topological charge from D.

在阶次参数空间中引入了一种与路径无关的量度,当沿着三维向列相中的任何封闭轮廓积分时,就能得到轮廓所包围的任何线缺陷的拓扑电荷。当在封闭表面或开放表面上积分时,相关的测量结果与点缺陷(刺猬)或 Skyrmions 相关电荷的已知结果一致。我们进一步定义了一种张量密度,即离散密度张量 D,通过它可以确定离散线的位置。该张量密度在该线附近的二元分解为其切线和旋转矢量,从而可以方便地确定二者的位置。张量 D 在没有缺陷的特殊构型(双游动或双扭转构型)中可能不为零,我们将提供其在这些构型中的表现。此外,还研究了 Skyrmions 和刺猬缺陷的特殊情况,包括根据 D 计算它们的拓扑电荷。
{"title":"A tensor density measure of topological charge in three-dimensional nematic phases","authors":"Cody D. Schimming, Jorge Vinals","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2023.0564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2023.0564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A path-independent measure in order parameter space is introduced such that, when integrated along any closed contour in a three-dimensional nematic phase, it yields the topological charge of any line defects encircled by the contour. A related measure, when integrated over either closed or open surfaces, reduces to known results for the charge associated with point defects (hedgehogs) or Skyrmions. We further define a tensor density, the disclination density tensor <span><math display=\"inline\">\u0000<mstyle displaystyle=\"true\" scriptlevel=\"0\">\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mi mathvariant=\"bold\">D</mi>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mstyle>\u0000</math></span><span></span>, from which the location of a disclination line can be determined. This tensor density has a dyadic decomposition near the line into its tangent and its rotation vector, allowing a convenient determination of both. The tensor <span><math display=\"inline\">\u0000<mstyle displaystyle=\"true\" scriptlevel=\"0\">\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mi mathvariant=\"bold\">D</mi>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mstyle>\u0000</math></span><span></span> may be non-zero in special configurations in which there are no defects (double-splay or double-twist configurations), and its behaviour there is provided. The special cases of Skyrmions and hedgehog defects are also examined, including the computation of their topological charge from <span><math display=\"inline\">\u0000<mstyle displaystyle=\"true\" scriptlevel=\"0\">\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mi mathvariant=\"bold\">D</mi>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mstyle>\u0000</math></span><span></span>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isospectral open cavities and gratings 等谱开腔和光栅
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0853
Sebastiano Cominelli, Benjamin Vial, Sébastien Guenneau, Richard V. Craster

Open cavities are often an essential component in the design of ultra-thin subwavelength metasurfaces and a typical requirement is that cavities have precise, often low frequency, resonances while simultaneously being physically compact. To aid this design challenge, we develop a methodology to allow isospectral twinning of reference cavities with either smaller or larger ones, enforcing their spectra to coincide so that open resonators are identical in terms of their complex eigenfrequencies. For open systems, the spectrum is not purely discrete and real, and we pay special attention to the accurate twinning of leaky modes associated with complex-valued eigenfrequencies with an imaginary part orders of magnitude lower than the real part. We further consider twinning of two-dimensional gratings, and model these with Floquet–Bloch conditions along one direction and perfectly matched layers in the other one; complex eigenfrequencies of special interest are located in the vicinity of the positive real line and further depend upon the Bloch wavenumber. The isospectral behaviour is illustrated, and quantified, throughout by numerical simulation using finite-element analysis.

开腔通常是超薄亚波长元表面设计中的重要组成部分,其典型要求是开腔具有精确(通常是低频)的共振,同时物理结构紧凑。为了应对这一设计挑战,我们开发了一种方法,允许参考空腔与较小或较大的空腔等谱孪生,强制它们的频谱重合,从而使开放式谐振器的复特征频率相同。对于开放系统,频谱并非纯粹离散和实数,我们特别关注与复值特征频率相关的泄漏模式的精确孪生,其虚部比实部低几个数量级。我们进一步考虑了二维光栅的孪生问题,并利用沿一个方向的 Floquet-Bloch 条件和另一个方向的完全匹配层对其进行建模;特别关注的复值特征频率位于正实线附近,并进一步取决于 Bloch 波长。利用有限元分析进行的数值模拟说明并量化了整个等谱行为。
{"title":"Isospectral open cavities and gratings","authors":"Sebastiano Cominelli, Benjamin Vial, Sébastien Guenneau, Richard V. Craster","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2023.0853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2023.0853","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Open cavities are often an essential component in the design of ultra-thin subwavelength metasurfaces and a typical requirement is that cavities have precise, often low frequency, resonances while simultaneously being physically compact. To aid this design challenge, we develop a methodology to allow isospectral twinning of reference cavities with either smaller or larger ones, enforcing their spectra to coincide so that open resonators are identical in terms of their complex eigenfrequencies. For open systems, the spectrum is not purely discrete and real, and we pay special attention to the accurate twinning of leaky modes associated with complex-valued eigenfrequencies with an imaginary part orders of magnitude lower than the real part. We further consider twinning of two-dimensional gratings, and model these with Floquet–Bloch conditions along one direction and perfectly matched layers in the other one; complex eigenfrequencies of special interest are located in the vicinity of the positive real line and further depend upon the Bloch wavenumber. The isospectral behaviour is illustrated, and quantified, throughout by numerical simulation using finite-element analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Newtonian gravitational waves from a continuum 来自连续体的牛顿引力波
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0656
Peter Vadasz

Gravitational waves are being shown to derive directly from Newtonian dynamics for a continuous mass distribution, e.g. compressible fluids or equivalent. It is shown that the equations governing a continuous mass distribution, i.e. the inviscid Navier–Stokes equations for a general variable gravitational field g(t,x), are equivalent to a form identical to the Maxwell equations from electromagnetism, subject to a specified condition. The consequence of this equivalence is the creation of gravity waves that propagate at a finite speed. The latter implies that Newtonian gravitation as presented in this paper is not ‘spooky action at a distance’ but rather is similar to electromagnetic waves propagating at finite speed, despite the apparent form appearing in the integrated field formula. In addition, this proves that, in analogy to the Maxwell equations, the Newtonian gravitation equations are Lorentz invariant for waves propagating at the speed of light. Since gravitational waves were so far derived only from Einstein’s general relativity theory, it becomes appealing to check if there is a connection between the Newtonian waves presented in this paper and the general relativity type of waves at least in a certain limit of overlapping validity, i.e. as a flat-space approximation. The latter is left for follow-up research.

研究表明,引力波直接源自连续质量分布的牛顿动力学,例如可压缩流体或等效流体。研究表明,管理连续质量分布的方程,即一般可变引力场 g(t,x) 的不粘性纳维-斯托克斯方程,与电磁学中的麦克斯韦方程等价,但须符合特定条件。这种等价关系的结果是产生了以有限速度传播的引力波。后者意味着本文提出的牛顿引力不是 "远距离幽灵作用",而是类似于以有限速度传播的电磁波,尽管在积分场公式中出现了明显的形式。此外,这还证明,与麦克斯韦方程组类似,牛顿引力方程组对于以光速传播的波也是洛伦兹不变的。由于迄今为止引力波只是从爱因斯坦的广义相对论中推导出来的,因此有必要检查本文提出的牛顿引力波与广义相对论类型的引力波之间是否存在联系,至少在一定的重叠有效性限度内,即作为平空间近似。后者有待后续研究。
{"title":"Newtonian gravitational waves from a continuum","authors":"Peter Vadasz","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2023.0656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2023.0656","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gravitational waves are being shown to derive directly from Newtonian dynamics for a continuous mass distribution, e.g. compressible fluids or equivalent. It is shown that the equations governing a continuous mass distribution, i.e. the inviscid Navier–Stokes equations for a general variable gravitational field <span><math display=\"inline\">\u0000<mstyle displaystyle=\"true\" scriptlevel=\"0\">\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mi mathvariant=\"bold-italic\">g</mi>\u0000</mrow>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>(</mo>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mi>t</mi>\u0000<mo>,</mo>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mi mathvariant=\"bold-italic\">x</mi>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mrow>\u0000<mo>)</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mrow>\u0000</mstyle>\u0000</math></span><span></span>, are equivalent to a form identical to the Maxwell equations from electromagnetism, subject to a specified condition. The consequence of this equivalence is the creation of gravity waves that propagate at a finite speed. The latter implies that Newtonian gravitation as presented in this paper is not ‘spooky action at a distance’ but rather is similar to electromagnetic waves propagating at finite speed, despite the apparent form appearing in the integrated field formula. In addition, this proves that, in analogy to the Maxwell equations, the Newtonian gravitation equations are Lorentz invariant for waves propagating at the speed of light. Since gravitational waves were so far derived only from Einstein’s general relativity theory, it becomes appealing to check if there is a connection between the Newtonian waves presented in this paper and the general relativity type of waves at least in a certain limit of overlapping validity, i.e. as a flat-space approximation. The latter is left for follow-up research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discrete-to-continuum models of pre-stressed cytoskeletal filament networks 预应力细胞骨架丝网的离散到连续模型
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0611
J. Köry, N. A. Hill, X. Y. Luo, P. S. Stewart

We introduce a mathematical model for the mechanical behaviour of the eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton. This discrete model involves a regular array of pre-stressed protein filaments that exhibit resistance to enthalpic stretching, joined at cross-links to form a network. Assuming that the inter-cross-link distance is much shorter than the length scale of the cell, we upscale the discrete force balance to form a continuum system of governing equations and deduce the corresponding macroscopic stress tensor. We use these discrete and continuum models to analyse the imposed displacement of a bead placed in the domain, characterizing the cell rheology through the force–displacement curve. We further derive an analytical approximation to the stress and strain fields in the limit of small bead radius, predicting the net force required to generate a given deformation and elucidating the dependency on the microscale properties of the filaments. We apply these models to networks of the intermediate filament vimentin and demonstrate good agreement between predictions of the discrete, continuum and analytical approaches. In particular, our model predicts that the network stiffness increases sublinearly with the filament pre-stress and scales logarithmically with the bead size.

我们介绍了真核细胞细胞骨架机械行为的数学模型。这个离散模型包括一个规则的预应力蛋白丝阵列,这些蛋白丝表现出抗焓拉伸的能力,并通过交叉连接形成一个网络。假设交联间的距离比细胞的长度尺度短得多,我们将离散力平衡放大,形成一个连续的控制方程系统,并推导出相应的宏观应力张量。我们利用这些离散和连续模型来分析放置在域中的珠子的外加位移,通过力-位移曲线来描述细胞流变学的特征。我们进一步推导出了小珠子半径极限下应力场和应变场的分析近似值,预测了产生给定变形所需的净力,并阐明了与细丝微观特性的关系。我们将这些模型应用于波形蛋白中间丝网络,结果表明离散、连续和分析方法的预测结果非常一致。特别是,我们的模型预测网络刚度随丝状预应力的增加呈亚线性增长,并随珠子大小的增加呈对数增长。
{"title":"Discrete-to-continuum models of pre-stressed cytoskeletal filament networks","authors":"J. Köry, N. A. Hill, X. Y. Luo, P. S. Stewart","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2023.0611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2023.0611","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce a mathematical model for the mechanical behaviour of the eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton. This discrete model involves a regular array of pre-stressed protein filaments that exhibit resistance to enthalpic stretching, joined at cross-links to form a network. Assuming that the inter-cross-link distance is much shorter than the length scale of the cell, we upscale the discrete force balance to form a continuum system of governing equations and deduce the corresponding macroscopic stress tensor. We use these discrete and continuum models to analyse the imposed displacement of a bead placed in the domain, characterizing the cell rheology through the force–displacement curve. We further derive an analytical approximation to the stress and strain fields in the limit of small bead radius, predicting the net force required to generate a given deformation and elucidating the dependency on the microscale properties of the filaments. We apply these models to networks of the intermediate filament vimentin and demonstrate good agreement between predictions of the discrete, continuum and analytical approaches. In particular, our model predicts that the network stiffness increases sublinearly with the filament pre-stress and scales logarithmically with the bead size.</p>","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-order homogenization of the time-modulated wave equation: non-reciprocity for a single varying parameter 时间调制波方程的高阶同质化:单一变化参数的非互易性
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0776
Marie Touboul, Bruno Lombard, Raphael C. Assier, Sebastien Guenneau, Richard V. Craster

Laminated media with material properties modulated in space and time in the form of travelling waves have long been known to exhibit non-reciprocity. However, when using the method of low-frequency homogenization, it was so far only possible to obtain non-reciprocal effective media when both material properties are modulated in time, in the form of a Willis-coupling (or bi-anisotropy in electromagnetism) model. If only one of the two properties is modulated in time, while the other is kept constant, it was thought impossible for the method of homogenization to recover the expected non-reciprocity since this Willis-coupling coefficient then vanishes. Contrary to this belief, we show that effective media with a single time-modulated parameter are non-reciprocal, provided homogenization is pushed to the second order. This is illustrated by numerical experiments (dispersion diagrams and time-domain simulations) for a bilayered modulated medium.

众所周知,材料特性在空间和时间上以行波形式调制的层状介质长期以来一直表现出非互易性。然而,在使用低频均质化方法时,迄今为止只有当两种材料特性都在时间上受到调制时,才能以威利斯耦合(或电磁学中的双向各向异性)模型的形式获得非互易的有效介质。如果两个属性中只有一个随时间变化而变化,而另一个保持不变,则人们认为均质化方法不可能恢复预期的非互易性,因为威利斯耦合系数会消失。与这一观点相反,我们的研究表明,只要将均质化推至二阶,具有单一时间调制参数的有效介质是非互易的。我们通过对双层调制介质的数值实验(频散图和时域模拟)来说明这一点。
{"title":"High-order homogenization of the time-modulated wave equation: non-reciprocity for a single varying parameter","authors":"Marie Touboul, Bruno Lombard, Raphael C. Assier, Sebastien Guenneau, Richard V. Craster","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2023.0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2023.0776","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laminated media with material properties modulated in space and time in the form of travelling waves have long been known to exhibit non-reciprocity. However, when using the method of low-frequency homogenization, it was so far only possible to obtain non-reciprocal effective media when both material properties are modulated in time, in the form of a Willis-coupling (or bi-anisotropy in electromagnetism) model. If only one of the two properties is modulated in time, while the other is kept constant, it was thought impossible for the method of homogenization to recover the expected non-reciprocity since this Willis-coupling coefficient then vanishes. Contrary to this belief, we show that effective media with a single time-modulated parameter are non-reciprocal, provided homogenization is pushed to the second order. This is illustrated by numerical experiments (dispersion diagrams and time-domain simulations) for a bilayered modulated medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scattering from time-modulated subwavelength resonators 来自时间调制亚波长谐振器的散射
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2024.0177
Habib Ammari, Jinghao Cao, Erik Orvehed Hiltunen, Liora Rueff

We consider wave scattering from a system of highly contrasting resonators with time-modulated material parameters. In this setting, the wave equation reduces to a system of coupled Helmholtz equations that models the scattering problem. We consider the one-dimensional setting. In order to understand the energy of the system, we prove a novel higher-order discrete, capacitance matrix approximation of the subwavelength resonant quasi-frequencies. Further, we perform numerical experiments to support and illustrate our analytical results and show how periodically time-dependent material parameters affect the scattered wave field.

我们考虑的是具有时间调制材料参数的高对比度谐振器系统的波散射问题。在这种情况下,波方程可以简化为一个耦合亥姆霍兹方程组,对散射问题进行建模。我们考虑的是一维环境。为了理解系统的能量,我们证明了亚波长谐振准频率的一种新颖的高阶离散电容矩阵近似。此外,我们还进行了数值实验来支持和说明我们的分析结果,并展示了周期性随时间变化的材料参数如何影响散射波场。
{"title":"Scattering from time-modulated subwavelength resonators","authors":"Habib Ammari, Jinghao Cao, Erik Orvehed Hiltunen, Liora Rueff","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2024.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2024.0177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We consider wave scattering from a system of highly contrasting resonators with time-modulated material parameters. In this setting, the wave equation reduces to a system of coupled Helmholtz equations that models the scattering problem. We consider the one-dimensional setting. In order to understand the energy of the system, we prove a novel higher-order discrete, capacitance matrix approximation of the subwavelength resonant quasi-frequencies. Further, we perform numerical experiments to support and illustrate our analytical results and show how periodically time-dependent material parameters affect the scattered wave field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subtemperate regelation exhibits power-law premelting 亚温差重熔呈现幂律预熔化现象
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2024.0032
Colin. R. Meyer, Julia Bellamy, Alan. W. Rempel
Wire regelation is a common tabletop demonstration of the pressure-dependence of the ice melting temperature where a loaded wire moves from top to bottom through a block of ice, yet leaves the block intact. With the background temperature fixed at the bulk melting point ∼0°C, the elevated ice and liquid pressures beneath the wire cause melting because of the negative Clapeyron slope, while refreezing takes place above the wire where the pressures are reduced. Regelation is a model for temperate glacier ice moving through small bedrock obstacles. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that regelation continues to occur, albeit at much slower velocities, when the fixed background ice temperature is cold enough that the wire load is insufficient to produce bulk melting, suggesting that premelting plays a central role. Here, we compile available data for wire regelation at all temperatures. We then develop a model for the subtemperate data points, where the film thickness depends on the temperature below the melting point. We find agreement between the power-law model and the laboratory data for slow regelation velocities, allowing us to characterize the dominant premelting mechanisms for different wire compositions. These results advance our understanding of the role of premelting in subtemperate glacier sliding.
金属丝再凝固是一种常见的冰融化温度与压力有关的桌面演示,在这种演示中,加载的金属丝从上到下穿过冰块,但冰块完好无损。当背景温度固定在块体熔点 ∼ 0°C 时,由于克拉皮隆负斜率的作用,冰丝下方升高的冰和液体压力会导致融化,而在冰丝上方压力降低的地方则会发生再冻结。重熔是温带冰川冰穿过小型基岩障碍物的一种模式。实验室实验证明,当固定的背景冰温足够低,冰丝负荷不足以产生大量融化时,再凝现象会继续发生,尽管速度要慢得多,这表明预融化起着核心作用。在此,我们汇编了所有温度下的线材再熔化数据。然后,我们为亚温带数据点建立了一个模型,其中薄膜厚度取决于熔点以下的温度。我们发现幂律模型与实验室数据在慢速再凝速度方面存在一致性,这使我们能够确定不同线材成分的主要预熔机制。这些结果加深了我们对预熔在亚温带冰川滑动中的作用的理解。
{"title":"Subtemperate regelation exhibits power-law premelting","authors":"Colin. R. Meyer, Julia Bellamy, Alan. W. Rempel","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2024.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2024.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Wire regelation is a common tabletop demonstration of the pressure-dependence of the ice melting temperature where a loaded wire moves from top to bottom through a block of ice, yet leaves the block intact. With the background temperature fixed at the bulk melting point ∼0°C, the elevated ice and liquid pressures beneath the wire cause melting because of the negative Clapeyron slope, while refreezing takes place above the wire where the pressures are reduced. Regelation is a model for temperate glacier ice moving through small bedrock obstacles. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that regelation continues to occur, albeit at much slower velocities, when the fixed background ice temperature is cold enough that the wire load is insufficient to produce bulk melting, suggesting that premelting plays a central role. Here, we compile available data for wire regelation at all temperatures. We then develop a model for the subtemperate data points, where the film thickness depends on the temperature below the melting point. We find agreement between the power-law model and the laboratory data for slow regelation velocities, allowing us to characterize the dominant premelting mechanisms for different wire compositions. These results advance our understanding of the role of premelting in subtemperate glacier sliding.","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theory of elastic wave propagation in a fluid-saturated multi-porous medium with multi-permeability 具有多渗透性的流体饱和多孔介质中的弹性波传播理论
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0863
Dipendu Pramanik, S. Manna, Andrea Nobili
This paper establishes the concept of elastic wave propagation in a multi-porous medium with different permeabilities by assuming there are n distinct pore fluid phases. The dynamic equation of motion of elastic wave propagation through this multi-porous medium is derived based on Lagrangian mechanics. In this regard, the generalized form of mass coefficients and then the energy loss due to the fluid phases in terms of dissipation coefficients are presented for low-frequency limits with the help of Darcy’s Law of multi-phases system. The elastic coefficients of the constitutive equation in terms of compliance matrix are identified using a series of Gedanken experiments. Some significant results regarding the compressional and rotational waves in a multi-porosity medium are derived. The validation of the theory has been shown by comparing it with the existing theory of single and double porosity. It is observed that there are ( n + 1 ) compressional waves corresponding to solid and fluid phases, whereas only one rotational wave is associated with the solid phase. The concept of multi-porosity theory can contribute to a deeper understanding of wave behaviour in a porous medium.
本文假设有 n 个不同的孔隙流体相,从而建立了弹性波在不同渗透率的多孔介质中传播的概念。根据拉格朗日力学推导了弹性波在这种多孔介质中传播的动态运动方程。在这方面,借助多相系统的达西定律,提出了质量系数的广义形式,然后以耗散系数的形式提出了低频极限下流体相的能量损失。通过一系列 Gedanken 实验,确定了以顺应矩阵表示的构成方程中的弹性系数。得出了有关多孔介质中压缩波和旋转波的一些重要结果。通过与现有的单孔和双孔理论进行比较,证明了该理论的有效性。结果表明,有 ( n + 1 ) 个压缩波与固相和流体相相对应,而只有一个旋转波与固相相关。多孔理论的概念有助于加深对多孔介质中波行为的理解。
{"title":"Theory of elastic wave propagation in a fluid-saturated multi-porous medium with multi-permeability","authors":"Dipendu Pramanik, S. Manna, Andrea Nobili","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2023.0863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2023.0863","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper establishes the concept of elastic wave propagation in a multi-porous medium with different permeabilities by assuming there are\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 n\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 distinct pore fluid phases. The dynamic equation of motion of elastic wave propagation through this multi-porous medium is derived based on Lagrangian mechanics. In this regard, the generalized form of mass coefficients and then the energy loss due to the fluid phases in terms of dissipation coefficients are presented for low-frequency limits with the help of Darcy’s Law of multi-phases system. The elastic coefficients of the constitutive equation in terms of compliance matrix are identified using a series of Gedanken experiments. Some significant results regarding the compressional and rotational waves in a multi-porosity medium are derived. The validation of the theory has been shown by comparing it with the existing theory of single and double porosity. It is observed that there are\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 (\u0000 n\u0000 +\u0000 1\u0000 )\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 compressional waves corresponding to solid and fluid phases, whereas only one rotational wave is associated with the solid phase. The concept of multi-porosity theory can contribute to a deeper understanding of wave behaviour in a porous medium.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141037802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On integral theorems and their statistical properties 关于积分定理及其统计特性
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0703
Nhat Ho, Stephen G. Walker

We introduce a class of integral theorems based on cyclic functions and Riemann sums approximating integrals. The Fourier integral theorem, derived as a combination of a transform and inverse transform, arises as a special case. The integral theorems provide natural estimators of density functions via Monte Carlo methods. Assessment of the quality of the density estimators can be used to obtain optimal cyclic functions, alternatives to the sin function, which minimize square integrals. Our proof techniques rely on a variational approach in ordinary differential equations and the Cauchy residue theorem in complex analysis.

我们介绍了一类基于循环函数和黎曼和近似积分的积分定理。傅里叶积分定理作为变换和逆变换的结合,是一个特例。积分定理通过蒙特卡罗方法提供了密度函数的自然估计值。对密度估算器质量的评估可用于获得最优循环函数,即 sin 函数的替代函数,它能使平方积分最小化。我们的证明技术依赖于常微分方程中的变分法和复分析中的柯西残差定理。
{"title":"On integral theorems and their statistical properties","authors":"Nhat Ho, Stephen G. Walker","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2023.0703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2023.0703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce a class of integral theorems based on cyclic functions and Riemann sums approximating integrals. The Fourier integral theorem, derived as a combination of a transform and inverse transform, arises as a special case. The integral theorems provide natural estimators of density functions via Monte Carlo methods. Assessment of the quality of the density estimators can be used to obtain optimal cyclic functions, alternatives to the sin function, which minimize square integrals. Our proof techniques rely on a variational approach in ordinary differential equations and the Cauchy residue theorem in complex analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140806452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The linear viscoelastic fracture theory applies to soft solids better when they are…viscoelastic 线性粘弹性断裂理论更适用于具有......粘弹性的软固体。
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0561
Etienne Barthel

Over the last half-century, linear viscoelastic models for crack growth in soft solids have flourished but their predictions have rarely been compared to experiments. In fact, most available models are either very approximate or cast in forms which are not quite suitable for the analysis of actual data. Here, we propose a linear viscoelastic approach which consistently exploits the dynamic mechanical analysis data. We apply this method to four sets of results documenting fracture or adhesion rupture in soft solids with various degrees of viscoelasticity. For elastomers, the results reproduce the well-known inconsistency of the process zone size. In more viscoelastic systems, however, the present approach is able to match the measured velocity dependence of the rupture energy with physically acceptable process zone sizes. Moreover, our predictions agree with the damage zone sizes measured by mechanoluminescence. Building on these results, we discuss various issues arising when evaluating the linear viscoelastic contribution to the rupture/adhesion energy in soft solids: data quality, physical interpretation of the parameters, validity of simpler approximations and limitations of the present approach.

在过去的半个世纪里,有关软固体裂纹生长的线性粘弹性模型得到了蓬勃发展,但这些模型的预测结果却很少与实验进行比较。事实上,大多数现有模型要么非常近似,要么其形式不太适合实际数据分析。在此,我们提出了一种线性粘弹性方法,该方法可持续利用动态力学分析数据。我们将该方法应用于四组结果,这些结果记录了具有不同粘弹性的软固体的断裂或粘着断裂情况。对于弹性体,结果再现了众所周知的加工区大小的不一致性。然而,在粘弹性更强的系统中,本方法能够将测量到的断裂能量速度依赖性与物理上可接受的加工区尺寸相匹配。此外,我们的预测与机械发光法测得的损伤区尺寸一致。在这些结果的基础上,我们讨论了在评估线性粘弹性对软固体断裂/粘附能量的贡献时出现的各种问题:数据质量、参数的物理解释、较简单近似的有效性以及本方法的局限性。
{"title":"The linear viscoelastic fracture theory applies to soft solids better when they are…viscoelastic","authors":"Etienne Barthel","doi":"10.1098/rspa.2023.0561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2023.0561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the last half-century, linear viscoelastic models for crack growth in soft solids have flourished but their predictions have rarely been compared to experiments. In fact, most available models are either very approximate or cast in forms which are not quite suitable for the analysis of actual data. Here, we propose a linear viscoelastic approach which consistently exploits the dynamic mechanical analysis data. We apply this method to four sets of results documenting fracture or adhesion rupture in soft solids with various degrees of viscoelasticity. For elastomers, the results reproduce the well-known inconsistency of the process zone size. In more viscoelastic systems, however, the present approach is able to match the measured velocity dependence of the rupture energy with physically acceptable process zone sizes. Moreover, our predictions agree with the damage zone sizes measured by mechanoluminescence. Building on these results, we discuss various issues arising when evaluating the linear viscoelastic contribution to the rupture/adhesion energy in soft solids: data quality, physical interpretation of the parameters, validity of simpler approximations and limitations of the present approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":20716,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1