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Role of electromagnetic energy and momentum in the Aharonov–Bohm effect 电磁能量和动量在阿哈诺夫-玻姆效应中的作用
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0286
Alexander L. Kholmetskii, Oleg V. Missevitch, Tolga Yarman
We analyse the physical meaning of the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) phase based on its representation through electromagnetic (EM) potentials as a sum of four components, which, in addition to the known electric and magnetic phase components, contains two more terms recently disclosed by our team in the analysis of quantum phase effects for dipoles and charges, and which we named the complementary electric AB phase and the complementary magnetic AB phase. Using the complete expression for the AB phase, we reveal that the phase component, explicitly depending on time, is determined by the interactional electric energy, while the phase component, explicitly depending on the velocity of charge, is determined by the interactional EM momentum for an isolated system ‘source of EM field and charge’. These findings shed new light on the origin of the AB phase and, in particular, allow us to generalize the de Broglie relationship and the Heisenberg uncertainty relations for a charged particle in an EM field.
除了已知的电相分量和磁相分量之外,我们还分析了阿哈诺夫-玻姆(AB)相的物理意义,并将其通过电磁(EM)势表示为四个分量之和,其中还包含我们团队最近在分析偶极子和电荷的量子相位效应时发现的另外两个项,我们将其命名为互补电AB相和互补磁AB相。利用 AB 相的完整表达式,我们发现,对于一个孤立的系统 "电磁场和电荷源 "来说,明确取决于时间的相分量是由相互作用电能决定的,而明确取决于电荷速度的相分量是由相互作用电磁动量决定的。这些发现为我们揭示 AB 相的起源提供了新的思路,特别是使我们能够概括电磁场中带电粒子的德布罗格利关系和海森堡不确定性关系。
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引用次数: 0
An Eulerian hyperbolic model for heat transfer derived via Hamilton’s principle: analytical and numerical study 通过汉密尔顿原理得出的传热欧拉双曲模型:分析和数值研究
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0440
Firas Dhaouadi, Sergey Gavrilyuk
In this paper, we present a new model for heat transfer in compressible fluid flows. The model is derived from Hamilton’s principle of stationary action in Eulerian coordinates, in a setting where the entropy conservation is recovered as an Euler–Lagrange equation. A sufficient criterion for the hyperbolicity of the model is formulated. The governing equations are asymptotically consistent with the Euler equations for compressible heat conducting fluids, provided the addition of suitable relaxation terms. A study of the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions and Clausius–Duhem inequality is performed for a specific choice of the equation of state. In particular, this reveals that contact discontinuities cannot exist while expansion waves and compression fans are possible solutions to the governing equations. Evidence of these properties is provided on a set of numerical test cases.
在本文中,我们提出了一种新的可压缩流体流动传热模型。该模型源于欧拉坐标中的汉密尔顿静止作用原理,熵守恒恢复为欧拉-拉格朗日方程。提出了模型双曲性的充分标准。如果添加适当的松弛项,治理方程与可压缩导热流体的欧拉方程近似一致。针对状态方程的特定选择,对兰金-胡格尼奥特条件和克劳修斯-杜恒不等式进行了研究。研究结果特别表明,接触不连续不可能存在,而膨胀波和压缩风扇则是控制方程的可能解。一组数值测试案例证明了这些特性。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-parametric optimization for controlling bifurcation structures 控制分叉结构的多参数优化
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0505
A. Mélot, E. Denimal, L. Renson
Bifurcations organize the dynamics of many natural and engineered systems. They induce qualitative and quantitative changes to a system’s dynamics, which can have catastrophic consequences if ignored during design. In this paper, we propose a general computational method to control the local bifurcations of dynamical systems by optimizing design parameters. We define an objective functional that enforces the appearance of local bifurcation points at targeted locations or even encourages their disappearance. The methodology is an efficient alternative to bifurcation tracking techniques capable of handling many design parameters ( > 10 2 ). The method is demonstrated on a Duffing oscillator featuring a hardening cubic nonlinearity and an autonomous van der Pol-Duffing oscillator coupled to a nonlinear tuned vibration absorber. The finite-element model of a clamped-free Euler–Bernoulli beam, coupled with a reduced-order modelling technique, is also used to show the extension to the shape optimization of more complicated structures. Results demonstrate that several local bifurcations of various types can be handled simultaneously by the bifurcation control framework, with both parameter and state target values.
分岔组织了许多自然和工程系统的动力学。它们会引起系统动力学的质和量的变化,如果在设计过程中忽视这些变化,就会造成灾难性后果。在本文中,我们提出了一种通用计算方法,通过优化设计参数来控制动力系统的局部分岔。我们定义了一个目标函数,该函数可强制在目标位置出现局部分岔点,甚至鼓励其消失。该方法是分岔跟踪技术的有效替代方法,能够处理许多设计参数 ( > 10 2 )。该方法在具有硬化立方非线性的达芬振荡器和与非线性调谐振动吸收器耦合的自主范德波尔-达芬振荡器上进行了演示。无夹钳欧拉-伯努利梁的有限元模型与降阶建模技术相结合,也被用于展示更复杂结构的形状优化扩展。结果表明,分岔控制框架可以同时处理多个不同类型的局部分岔,并同时具有参数和状态目标值。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-fidelity reduced-order surrogate modelling 多保真降阶代用模型
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0655
Paolo Conti, Mengwu Guo, Andrea Manzoni, Attilio Frangi, Steven L. Brunton, J. Nathan Kutz
High-fidelity numerical simulations of partial differential equations (PDEs) given a restricted computational budget can significantly limit the number of parameter configurations considered and/or time window evaluated. Multi-fidelity surrogate modelling aims to leverage less accurate, lower-fidelity models that are computationally inexpensive in order to enhance predictive accuracy when high-fidelity data are scarce. However, low-fidelity models, while often displaying the qualitative solution behaviour, fail to accurately capture fine spatio-temporal and dynamic features of high-fidelity models. To address this shortcoming, we present a data-driven strategy that combines dimensionality reduction with multi-fidelity neural network surrogates. The key idea is to generate a spatial basis by applying proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to high-fidelity solution snapshots, and approximate the dynamics of the reduced states—time-parameter-dependent expansion coefficients of the POD basis—using a multi-fidelity long short-term memory network. By mapping low-fidelity reduced states to their high-fidelity counterpart, the proposed reduced-order surrogate model enables the efficient recovery of full solution fields over time and parameter variations in a non-intrusive manner. The generality of this method is demonstrated by a collection of PDE problems where the low-fidelity model can be defined by coarser meshes and/or time stepping, as well as by misspecified physical features.
在计算预算有限的情况下,对偏微分方程(PDE)进行高保真数值模拟,会大大限制所考虑的参数配置和/或评估的时间窗口的数量。多保真度代理建模的目的是在高保真数据稀缺的情况下,利用精度较低、计算成本较低的低保真度模型来提高预测精度。然而,低保真模型虽然通常能显示定性的求解行为,却无法准确捕捉高保真模型的精细时空和动态特征。为了解决这一缺陷,我们提出了一种数据驱动策略,将降维与多保真度神经网络代理相结合。其主要思路是通过对高保真解快照应用适当的正交分解(POD)来生成空间基础,并利用多保真长短期记忆网络来近似还原状态的动态--POD 基础的扩展系数与时间参数相关。通过将低保真还原态映射到高保真对应态,所提出的还原阶代用模型能够以非侵入方式有效恢复随时间和参数变化的完整解场。该方法的通用性通过一系列 PDE 问题得到了证明,在这些问题中,低保真模型可以通过更粗糙的网格和/或时间步进以及错误的物理特征来定义。
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引用次数: 0
Supply chain loss from easing COVID-19 restrictions: an evolutionary economic-epidemiological modelling study 放宽 COVID-19 限制带来的供应链损失:经济流行病学演化模型研究
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0803
Yang Ye, Zhidong Cao, Daniel Dajun Zeng, Qingpeng Zhang
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many firms have been shifting their supply chains away from countries with stringent control measures to mitigate supply-chain disruption. Nowadays, the global economy has reopened from the COVID-19 pandemic at various paces in different countries. Understanding how the global supply network evolves during and after the pandemic is necessary for determining the timing and speed of reopening. By harnessing the real-world and real-time global human movement and the latest macroeconomic data, we propose an evolutionary economic-epidemiological model to explore the evolutionary dynamics of the global supply network under various global reopening scenarios. We find that, for highly restrictive countries, the delay in reopening has limited public health benefits in the long run but leads to significant supply-chain loss. A longer duration of stringent control measures substantially hurts the profitability of firms in highly restrictive countries, leading to slower supply-chain recovery in 5 years. This research presents the first data-driven evidence of supply chain loss due to the timing and speed of reopening and sheds light on the post-pandemic supply-chain reformation and recovery. Insights learned from COVID-19 will also be a valuable policymaking reference for combating future infectious disease epidemics and geopolitical changes.
自 COVID-19 大流行开始以来,许多公司已将供应链从采取严格控制措施的国家转移到其他国家,以减少供应链中断。如今,全球经济已从 COVID-19 大流行中重新开放,不同国家的步伐各不相同。要确定重新开放的时机和速度,就必须了解全球供应网络在大流行期间和之后的演变情况。通过利用现实世界中实时的全球人员流动和最新的宏观经济数据,我们提出了一个进化经济流行病学模型,以探索全球供应网络在各种全球重新开放情景下的进化动态。我们发现,对于限制严格的国家,延迟重新开放从长远来看对公共卫生的益处有限,但会导致供应链的重大损失。严格管制措施的持续时间越长,高度限制性国家企业的盈利能力就越差,从而导致供应链在 5 年后的恢复速度放缓。这项研究首次以数据为依据,证明了重新开放的时间和速度会导致供应链损失,并揭示了大流行后供应链的改革和恢复。从 COVID-19 中获得的启示也将为应对未来的传染病疫情和地缘政治变化提供有价值的决策参考。
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引用次数: 0
Critical transitions in spatial systems induced by Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise: spatial mutual information as a precursor 奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克噪声诱发的空间系统临界转换:作为前兆的空间互信息
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0594
S. Deb, P. Dutta
Complex dynamical systems are subject to perturbations across space and time, which can induce a critical transition or tipping in the state of the system. External perturbations are often correlated in time and can interplay with the underlying nonlinearity of the spatial system, affecting the occurrence of critical transitions. Theoretical analysis of the spatial system perturbed by the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) correlated noise poses challenges beyond the white noise assumptions and is yet to be done. Here, we resort to the mean-field approximation of a spatially extended system perturbed with OU noise and obtain the stationary probability density function deriving the Fokker–Planck equation for the same. This allows us to determine the role of diffusion and noise on the resilience of the spatial system. While the theoretical analysis guides us on the landscape of tipping thresholds of the system, critical transitions customary to a variety of systems, require a priori prediction. Here, we propose a probabilistic information-based indicator—spatial mutual information—that can successfully forecast tippings, complementing the previously developed spatial indicators. Further, validating its reliability on empirical data, we show that spatial mutual information serves as a robust indicator capturing information characteristic to an imminent tipping reaching peaks in its vicinity.
复杂的动力系统会受到跨时空的扰动,从而诱发系统状态的临界转换或倾覆。外部扰动通常在时间上具有相关性,会与空间系统的基本非线性相互作用,影响临界转换的发生。对受到奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克(OU)相关噪声扰动的空间系统进行理论分析,是超越白噪声假设的挑战,目前尚未完成。在此,我们采用平均场近似方法来处理受 OU 噪声扰动的空间扩展系统,并通过福克-普朗克方程求得静态概率密度函数。这样,我们就能确定扩散和噪声对空间系统复原力的作用。虽然理论分析可以指导我们确定系统的临界阈值,但各种系统的临界转换需要先验预测。在此,我们提出了一种基于概率信息的指标--空间互信息,它可以成功预测临界点,是对之前开发的空间指标的补充。此外,通过经验数据验证其可靠性,我们表明空间互信息是一种稳健的指标,能捕捉即将发生的临界点达到其附近峰值的特征信息。
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引用次数: 0
Programming quadric metasurfaces via infinitesimal origami maps of monohedral hexagonal tessellations: Part I 通过单面六边形网格的无限小折纸映射编程四元元曲面:第一部分
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0430
Filipe A. dos Santos, A. Favata, Andrea Micheletti, Roberto Paroni, M. Picchi Scardaoni
The control of the shape of complex metasurfaces is a challenging task often addressed in the literature. This work presents a class of tessellated plates able to deform into surfaces of preprogrammed shape upon activation by any flexural load and that can be controlled by a single actuator. Quadric metasurfaces are obtained from infinitesimal origami maps of monohedral hexagonal tessellations of the plane, that is pavings in which all tiles are congruent to each other. Monohedral tessellated portions can be joined together to obtain more complex shapes, which can be locally synclastic or anticlastic and can have a certain roughness. We broaden previous work by providing a complete characterization of all the three known types of monohedral tessellations composed by irregular hexagons. The proposed two-dimensional structures may have applications in prosthetics, tissue engineering, wearable devices, energy harvesting devices, tunable focus mirrors and adaptive facades. The study is divided in two parts. In Part I, after introducing the discrete kinematics of tessellated plates, it is proved analytically that essentially each type of monohedral hexagonal tessellation possesses only one deformation mode. Afterwards, several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the variety of achievable surface shapes. In Part II, first the metasurfaces corresponding to assigned tile geometries are given a continuum description, which establishes that the continuous interpolant is always a quadric. Then, experimental results on fabrication, assembly and surface accuracy are reported.
控制复杂元表面的形状是文献中经常提到的一项具有挑战性的任务。这项研究提出了一类棋盘格板,在任何挠曲载荷的作用下,它们都能变形为预设形状的表面,并且可以由单个致动器控制。四元元曲面是从平面的单面六边形棋盘格的无穷小折纸映射中获得的,即所有棋盘格相互全等的铺面。单面棋盘格部分可以连接在一起,以获得更复杂的形状,这些形状可以是局部同向或反向的,也可以具有一定的粗糙度。我们拓宽了之前的工作范围,提供了由不规则六边形组成的所有三种已知单面体细分结构的完整特征。所提出的二维结构可应用于假肢、组织工程、可穿戴设备、能量收集设备、可调聚焦镜和自适应外墙。本研究分为两个部分。在第一部分中,在介绍了网格板的离散运动学之后,分析证明了每种单面六边形网格板基本上只具有一种变形模式。随后,我们提供了几个数值示例,展示了各种可实现的表面形状。在第二部分中,首先对与指定瓷砖几何形状相对应的元曲面进行连续描述,从而确定连续插值总是一个四边形。然后,报告了有关制造、装配和表面精度的实验结果。
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引用次数: 0
Critical transitions in spatial systems induced by Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise: spatial mutual information as a precursor 奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克噪声诱发的空间系统临界转换:作为前兆的空间互信息
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0594
S. Deb, P. Dutta
Complex dynamical systems are subject to perturbations across space and time, which can induce a critical transition or tipping in the state of the system. External perturbations are often correlated in time and can interplay with the underlying nonlinearity of the spatial system, affecting the occurrence of critical transitions. Theoretical analysis of the spatial system perturbed by the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) correlated noise poses challenges beyond the white noise assumptions and is yet to be done. Here, we resort to the mean-field approximation of a spatially extended system perturbed with OU noise and obtain the stationary probability density function deriving the Fokker–Planck equation for the same. This allows us to determine the role of diffusion and noise on the resilience of the spatial system. While the theoretical analysis guides us on the landscape of tipping thresholds of the system, critical transitions customary to a variety of systems, require a priori prediction. Here, we propose a probabilistic information-based indicator—spatial mutual information—that can successfully forecast tippings, complementing the previously developed spatial indicators. Further, validating its reliability on empirical data, we show that spatial mutual information serves as a robust indicator capturing information characteristic to an imminent tipping reaching peaks in its vicinity.
复杂的动力系统会受到跨时空的扰动,从而诱发系统状态的临界转换或倾覆。外部扰动通常在时间上具有相关性,会与空间系统的基本非线性相互作用,影响临界转换的发生。对受到奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克(OU)相关噪声扰动的空间系统进行理论分析,是超越白噪声假设的挑战,目前尚未完成。在此,我们采用平均场近似方法来处理受 OU 噪声扰动的空间扩展系统,并通过福克-普朗克方程求得静态概率密度函数。这样,我们就能确定扩散和噪声对空间系统复原力的作用。虽然理论分析可以指导我们确定系统的临界阈值,但各种系统的临界转换需要先验预测。在此,我们提出了一种基于概率信息的指标--空间互信息,它可以成功预测临界点,是对之前开发的空间指标的补充。此外,通过经验数据验证其可靠性,我们表明空间互信息是一种稳健的指标,能捕捉即将发生的临界点达到其附近峰值的特征信息。
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引用次数: 0
Unified wavefront singularity characterization of three-dimensional elastodynamic time-domain half-space Green's function under impulsive boundary and internal loads 冲击边界和内部载荷下三维弹性时域半空间格林函数的统一波前奇异性表征
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0515
Ronald Y. S. Pak, X. Bai
Founded on a novel analytical formulation that led to a rigorous yet compact path-integral representation of the time-domain elastodynamic half-space Green's function, a unified analysis of the possible occurrence of different singular wavefront behaviour in the response under arbitrary impulsive internal or surface point loads at arbitrary source-receiver locations is presented. With the decomposition of the general solution into distinct initiating and reflected wave group integrals that share a common factored format and simple contour definitions, the mathematical framework is shown to allow a straightforward identification of the specific conditions and the particular wave groups that are responsible for the singular wavefront phenomena without resorting to advanced analytic function theories or asymptotic methods. Analytic characterizations of the nature, strength and direction of all intrinsic singular wavefront behaviours of the three-dimensional Green's function in three canonical cases of source-receiver configurations are given in a dual integral-closed form format to facilitate their theoretical understanding as well as computational applications. Graphical illustrations of their variation with the source-receiver configuration and the medium's Poisson's ratio together with relevant comparison and clarifications of some classical treatments are included.
基于新颖的分析表述,对时域弹性动力学半空间格林函数进行了严格而紧凑的路径积分表述,对在任意源接收器位置的任意冲击内部或表面点载荷作用下可能出现的不同奇异波前响应行为进行了统一分析。通过将一般解法分解为不同的起始波群积分和反射波群积分(它们具有共同的因式分解格式和简单的等值线定义),数学框架被证明可以直接识别导致奇异波面现象的特定条件和特定波群,而无需诉诸高级解析函数理论或渐近方法。在源-接收器配置的三种典型情况下,对三维格林函数所有本征奇异波面行为的性质、强度和方向的分析表征,以双积分封闭形式给出,以促进对它们的理论理解和计算应用。图解说明了它们随声源-接收器配置和介质泊松比的变化,并对一些经典处理方法进行了相关比较和澄清。
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引用次数: 0
Supply chain loss from easing COVID-19 restrictions: an evolutionary economic-epidemiological modelling study 放宽 COVID-19 限制带来的供应链损失:经济流行病学演化模型研究
IF 3.5 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2023.0803
Yang Ye, Zhidong Cao, Daniel Dajun Zeng, Qingpeng Zhang
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many firms have been shifting their supply chains away from countries with stringent control measures to mitigate supply-chain disruption. Nowadays, the global economy has reopened from the COVID-19 pandemic at various paces in different countries. Understanding how the global supply network evolves during and after the pandemic is necessary for determining the timing and speed of reopening. By harnessing the real-world and real-time global human movement and the latest macroeconomic data, we propose an evolutionary economic-epidemiological model to explore the evolutionary dynamics of the global supply network under various global reopening scenarios. We find that, for highly restrictive countries, the delay in reopening has limited public health benefits in the long run but leads to significant supply-chain loss. A longer duration of stringent control measures substantially hurts the profitability of firms in highly restrictive countries, leading to slower supply-chain recovery in 5 years. This research presents the first data-driven evidence of supply chain loss due to the timing and speed of reopening and sheds light on the post-pandemic supply-chain reformation and recovery. Insights learned from COVID-19 will also be a valuable policymaking reference for combating future infectious disease epidemics and geopolitical changes.
自 COVID-19 大流行开始以来,许多公司已将供应链从采取严格控制措施的国家转移到其他国家,以减少供应链中断。如今,全球经济已从 COVID-19 大流行中重新开放,不同国家的步伐各不相同。要确定重新开放的时机和速度,就必须了解全球供应网络在大流行期间和之后的演变情况。通过利用现实世界中实时的全球人员流动和最新的宏观经济数据,我们提出了一个进化经济流行病学模型,以探索全球供应网络在各种全球重新开放情景下的进化动态。我们发现,对于限制严格的国家,延迟重新开放从长远来看对公共卫生的益处有限,但会导致供应链的重大损失。严格管制措施的持续时间越长,高度限制性国家企业的盈利能力就越差,从而导致供应链在 5 年后的恢复速度放缓。这项研究首次以数据为依据,证明了重新开放的时间和速度会导致供应链损失,并揭示了大流行后供应链的改革和恢复。从 COVID-19 中获得的启示也将为应对未来的传染病疫情和地缘政治变化提供有价值的决策参考。
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引用次数: 0
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Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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