Psychology & Health最新文献

Objectives: Limited research has examined facilitators and barriers that affect patient care in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The present study seeks to identify (1) facilitators and (2) barriers to care as reported by medical providers and caregivers of individuals with OI, and (3) common themes between both stakeholder groups.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess treatment access, treatment quality, knowledge of OI, and patient mental health. Transcripts were coded, and salient themes were abstracted using thematic analysis to find themes related to barriers and facilitators to care. Theme frequencies were calculated to identify the greatest barriers and facilitators to care, according to clinicians and caregivers.

Results: Four primary themes emerged: (1) access; (2) multidisciplinary care; (3) patient- provider interactions; and (4) outside resources. Perceived barriers included: insurance status, location, COVID-related restrictions, lack of mental healthcare and pain management, stigma, dismissive attitudes, not understanding patients' pain, and limited resources. Perceived facilitators included telemedicine, integration of mental healthcare, compassion, openness to patients' self-management, and online resources/scientific literature.

Conclusion: There are many factors that affect OI management. Clinicians, caregivers, and patients should collaborate to improve the quality of health care that people with OI receive.

Objective: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial to both physical and mental health, and mindfulness has gained attention due to its potential to promote PA behaviours. However, the underlying processes linking trait mindfulness and PA remain less explored. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and self-reported PA, and to examine whether mindfulness in PA, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise commitment play a mediating role in this relationship.

Methods: Data were collected from participants at two time points. At baseline, we measured trait mindfulness, mindfulness in PA, exercise self-efficacy, exercise commitment, and PA levels. A follow-up assessment was conducted with a subset of participants to examine the relationships among these variables over time.

Results: Analyses of baseline data indicated that mindfulness in PA, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise commitment played a chain mediating role between trait mindfulness and self-reported PA. These mediating patterns were supported by the follow-up data over time.

Conclusions: Mindfulness in PA, exercise self-efficacy, and exercise commitment may serve as important factors in understanding the link between trait mindfulness and self-reported PA. This finding provides a new direction for developing novel and feasible mindfulness intervention program to promote PA behaviours.

Background: To examine the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) programme incorporating partner support and enjoyment in preventing perinatal depression, anxiety, and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) among Chinese primiparas.

Methods: A total of 120 eligible primiparas were randomised into intervention or control groups. The intervention group received the 13-week PA programme and the control group received the usual care. The outcomes were depression, anxiety, and CAD assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6 weeks after delivery. Differences were examined using generalised linear mixed models with intention-to-treat.

Results: A significant group × time interaction was observed for depression score, anxiety score, anxiety incidence, and CAD incidence (all p < 0.05). However, no significant interaction was found for depression incidence. Compared to the control, the intervention substantially reduced the scores of depression (MD: -2.67 (-4.16 to -1.17); -2.63 (-4.15 to -1.11)) and anxiety (MD: -4.95 (-9.23 to -0.67); -7.33 (-11.85 to -2.82)), as well as the rates of depression (OR: 0.40 (0.18 to 0.85); 0.44 (0.21 to 0.93)) and CAD (OR: 0.35 (0.14 to 0.87); 0.26 (0.11 to 0.62)) at post-intervention and 6-week postpartum. Notably, anxiety incidence showed significant reduction only at 6-week postpartum (OR: 0.34 (0.16 to 0.74)) (all p < 0.05). Within the intervention group, no significant changes occurred in most outcomes from baseline to post-intervention and 6-week postpartum, except depression scores (MD:-1.60 (-2.79 to -0.41); -1.23 (-2.44 to -0.03); p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The PA programme (including partner support and enjoyment) may be effective in reducing perinatal depression, anxiety and CAD among primiparas.

Objective: Repetition of physical activity (PA) contributes to the formation of PA habit. However, daily repetitions of PA of varied intensities might differ in their impact on PA habits. This study investigated the effect of daily variability in PA on various facets of PA habits: lack of intention (LOI), lack of control (LOC) and efficiency of PA.

Methods: Daily time spent on light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity of PA (LPA, MPA and VPA) were assessed for 14 consecutive days among 182 college students. PA habits were measured afterwards.

Results: The results of mixed-effects random location-scale model showed that LOI was negatively predicted by variability in daily LPA; and that LOC was negatively predicted by daily variability in LPA and MPA.

Conclusion: These findings suggest interventions of PA habit formation should focus on different facets of PA habits and consider the impact of daily repetition of PA of varied intensities.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether bronchial asthma could be a risk factor for emotional well-being during adolescence.

Methods and measures: This is a comparative cross-sectional design. A total of 450 participants aged 12 to 16 years (M = 13.61 and SD = 1.84) were included (150 with bronchial asthma and 300 healthy). For both groups, self-esteem, emotional distress, problems with peers, family styles and psychosocial bonds were assessed. T-tests and multi-group structural equation modelling were used for comparative analyses, and the moderating role was analysed through PROCESS.

Results: The t-tests showed a difference in means between the groups, finding lower self-esteem scores in adolescents with asthma, but better emotional well-being, a greater number of bonds and healthier family styles than those of their healthy peers. In the multi-group, the moderating role of bronchial asthma on emotional well-being in adolescence could not be assessed. Moderation analyses indicated that asthma was a moderating variable for the relationship between self-esteem and emotional well-being in adolescence.

Conclusions: Asthma can be a stressful event that makes emotional well-being difficult in the adolescent stage, but there seem to be other more influential factors such as perceived family style or self-esteem.

Objective: Drinking alcohol is frequently portrayed in the media, often overemphasizing its positive attributes. In particular, hip-hop music videos regularly depict alcohol consumption. Building on social cognitive theory, we conduct three pre-registered experimental studies to examine whether textual disclosures from different sources and with varying degrees of explicitness about the consequences of alcohol consumption can influence viewers' alcohol expectancies, attitudes toward alcohol, and the appropriateness of alcohol presentations following a hip-hop video depicting alcohol consumption.

Methods and measures: We test 1) the established YouTube product placement disclosure, 2) a disclosure that explicitly refers to alcohol and a disclosure that additionally refers to the harmful consequences of alcohol consumption, 3) and finally the role of user comments on YouTube that discuss the negative or positive consequences of alcohol.

Results: We found that none of the disclosures tested were able to reduce positive attitudes toward alcohol, positive drinking expectancies, or perceived appropriateness of alcohol portrayals. Instead, one's own drinking behavior was most important in explaining these dependent variables, with frequent drinkers reporting higher scores on attitudes toward alcohol, positive drinking expectancies, and a positive evaluation of alcohol portrayals in the media compared to people who never or rarely drink.

Conclusions: Our findings across the three studies paint a picture of the ineffectiveness of various forms of textual disclosure on alcohol-related attitudes, expectancies, and ratings of the appropriateness of alcohol portrayals in the media. Alternative steps forward, i.e., the creation of offerings for content creators that encourage them to consider the consequences of their representations, are therefore needed.

Objective: The present study examined the prospective relationship between personality traits and the risk of polypharmacy.

Methods and measures: Participants (age range: 16-101 years; N > 15,000) were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study of Aging (WLS), and the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS). In each sample, personality traits and demographic factors were assessed at baseline. Number of medications was obtained from 2 to 20 years later.

Results: Random-effect meta-analyses revealed that higher neuroticism was related to a higher risk of polypharmacy (Odd Ratio = 1.30; 95% CI 1.17-1.46) and excessive polypharmacy (Odd Ratio = 1.44; 95% CI 1.18-1.77) whereas higher conscientiousness (Odd Ratio = 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.95) and extraversion (Odd Ratio = 0.85; 95% CI 0.73-0.98) were associated with a lower risk of polypharmacy. Openness and agreeableness were unrelated to polypharmacy. Body mass index, number of chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms partially mediated the association between personality and the number of medications.

Conclusion: The present study provides replicable and robust evidence that neuroticism is a risk factor for simultaneous use of multiple medications, whereas conscientiousness and extraversion may play a protective role.

Aims: Excessive weight gain has led to increased obesity and mortality risk among college students. Issues with maintaining a healthy weight may be attributed to poor internal awareness and unhealthy eating behaviors. The study's purpose was to determine the longitudinal effects among interoception, self-regulation, nonpurposeful eating behaviors, and weight status (BMI) among college women.

Methods: Data from 103 females were collected via Qualtrics over 3 timepoints (T1, T2, T3) during an academic semester. Repeated measures ANOVA and cross-lagged model analyses were used. Significant changes were found in interoceptive responsiveness, external, and uncontrolled eating throughout 3 timepoints.

Results: Longitudinally, significant causal effects were found among the study measures. Among all models, higher interoceptive responsiveness (T1) predicted increased self-regulation (T2). Higher non-purposeful eating behaviors (T1) predicted reduced self-regulation (T2). Higher BMI (T1) predicted reduced non-purposeful eating behaviors (T2), however higher BMI (T2) predicted increased non-purposeful eating (T3) and reduced interoceptive responsiveness (T3). Significant causal effects were found within each non-purposeful eating behavior models.

Conclusion: Overall, the research study provided foundational evidence of the importance of self-regulatory skills to help prevent unhealthy eating behaviors and increased weight status in college women. Future interventions educating college women to become more internally aware and better self-regulate are needed.

Background: Parental work-family conflict (WFC) and parental household income have been linked to negative outcomes for children. So far, no study has associated these two stressors with the hair concentration of cortisol (HCC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in kindergarteners as a measurement of their objective stress.

Methods and measures: 44 children (40.91% female) with a mean age of 5.16 years and their parents participated in this cross-sectional study. Children's cortisol and DHEA measurements reflected the hormones produced over the past two months. Parents filled out questionnaires concerning their WFC and parenting behavior.

Results: Higher maternal WFC and a lower parental net household income were negatively associated with the DHEA and positively with HCC/DHEA ratio of their children. No significant associations were found between HCC and any included variables. Paternal WFC had no impact on the stress hormones and negatively affected parenting behavior of both parents. Levels of stress hormones were not correlated with parenting behavior.

Conclusion: The present results indicated a higher stress exposure in children of mothers with a higher WFC and lower net household income. Conceivably, this may have led to an accumulation of allostatic load. Potential influences of demographic variables on the children's hormones are discussed.

Objective: Pediatric asthma management is challenging for parents and guardians (hereafter caregivers). We examined (1) how caregivers mentally represent trigger and symptom management strategies, and (2) how those mental representations are associated with actual management behavior.

Methods: In an online survey, N = 431 caregivers of children with asthma rated 20 trigger management behaviors and 20 symptom management behaviors across 15 characteristics, and indicated how often they engaged in each behavior.

Results: Principal components analysis indicated 4 dimensions for trigger management behaviors and 3 for symptom management behaviors. Bayesian mixed-effects models indicated that engagement in trigger management behavior was more likely for behaviors rated as affirming caregiver activities. However, trigger management behavior did not depend on how highly the behavior was rated as challenging for caregiver, burdensome on child, or routine caregiving. Engagement in symptom management behavior was more likely for behaviors rated as affirming and common and harmless to the child, but was unrelated to how highly a behavior was rated as challenging for caregivers.

Conclusion: These results suggest that interventions might be particularly useful if they focus on the affirming nature of asthma management behaviors. However, such interventions should acknowledge structural factors (e.g. poverty) that constrain caregivers' ability to act.