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Hesperidin from citrus peel waste 柑橘皮废弃物中的橙皮苷
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i2.1256
M. Samota, M. Kaur, Madhvi Sharma, Sarita, V. Krishnan, Julie Thakur, Mandeep Rawat, B. Phogat, P. Guru
Hesperidin is abundantly present as a flavanone glycoside in citrus fruits. The citrus peels, seeds, pulp, and cell and membrane residues contain a high amount of hesperidin. It has received scientific momentum lately as it offers several health benefits upon consumption, as it possesses antioxidant, anti-hypocholesteric, antitumor, anticancer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic properties, and so on. It is used in the treatment of various diseases and disorders such as type-II diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. Various extraction methods such as solvent extraction, cold extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and supercritical fluid extraction have been employed globally to obtain the maximum yield of hesperidin, which is also environment-friendly and cost-effective. The food industries produce a huge amount of citrus residue after the preparation of juices, jellies, jams, etc. These byproduct wastes are used to extract hesperidin. This review aims at highlighting the updated and scientific information about the nutritional, phytochemical, and biological activities of hesperidin; various classical and modern extraction methods; and their impact on the yield of hesperidin and health implications of hesperidin.
橙皮苷作为黄酮苷在柑橘类水果中大量存在。柑橘果皮、种子、果肉和细胞膜残留物含有大量橙皮苷。它最近受到了科学的关注,因为它具有抗氧化、抗低胆固醇、抗肿瘤、抗癌、抗菌、抗菌、抗炎、抗糖尿病等多种健康功效。它被用于治疗各种疾病和失调,如ii型糖尿病、癌症、心血管疾病、神经和精神疾病。国际上已采用溶剂萃取、冷萃取、微波辅助萃取(MAE)、超声辅助萃取(UAE)、超临界流体萃取等多种提取方法,以获得橙皮苷的最大收率,且环保、经济。食品工业在制作果汁、果冻、果酱等后会产生大量的柑橘渣。这些副产品废物被用来提取橙皮苷。本文综述了橙皮苷在营养、植物化学和生物活性方面的最新研究进展;各种古典和现代提取方法;以及它们对橙皮苷产率的影响和橙皮苷的健康意义。
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引用次数: 3
Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cadmium tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L): a meta-analysis 丛枝菌根真菌在水稻(Oryza sativa L)耐镉性中的作用:meta分析
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i2.1182
Ximei Li, Ruiyong Jing, Liyan Wang, Nan Wu, Zhenhua Guo
Rice is an important agricultural product consumed globally. Rice polluted by cadmium (Cd) poses serious health risks. Numerous studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) decrease Cd concentrations in the grain, shoots, and roots of rice. However, one study showed that AMF increased the root Cd concentration in rice. Therefore, a meta-analysis of the contribution of AMF to rice Cd tolerance became necessary. This meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the role of AMF in Cd tolerance in rice by searching the following databases: ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. A total of 571 studies were found, of which nine studies and 25 datasets were used in the meta-analysis. The period of inclusion of research reports was from January 1992 to April 2022. The results showed that with the addition of Rhizophagus irregularis, Cd concentration in the roots was higher than in the control group, although the overall Cd concentration in the plant was reduced. Four species of AMF reduced Cd concentration in rice shoots and grain tissues. These AMF species increased the biomass of rice root and shoot tissues; however, they did not affect grain biomass. AMF decreased the transfer factor (TF), and the TF of Glomus versiforme (12.99%) was significantly lower than the other three AMF types. We proposed that Cd could be enriched in rice roots, and the transfer of Cd to the grain could be inhibited. At the time of grain harvesting, rice roots are removed from the soil, thus removing Cd from the soil. This operation can efficiently improve both land-bearing capacity and soil without affecting rice yield. Thus, Cd was enriched in rice roots, and the poten-tial for Cd transfer to the grain was inhibited due to the decreased TF. The future research must focus on how R. irregularis could improve the HMA3 gene expression in rice root, and prevents the transportation of Cd from the roots to shoots.
水稻是全球消费的重要农产品。受镉污染的水稻存在严重的健康风险。大量研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)可降低水稻籽粒、芽和根中的镉浓度。然而,一项研究表明,AMF增加了水稻根系Cd浓度。因此,有必要对AMF对水稻Cd耐受性的贡献进行荟萃分析。本荟萃分析通过检索以下数据库:ProQuest、PubMed、Scopus和ScienceDirect,分析AMF在水稻耐Cd性中的作用。共发现571项研究,其中9项研究和25个数据集用于meta分析。纳入研究报告的时间为1992年1月至2022年4月。结果表明,添加不规则食根菌后,虽然植株整体Cd浓度降低,但根系Cd浓度高于对照组。4种AMF降低了水稻茎部和籽粒组织中Cd的浓度。这些AMF物种增加了水稻根和茎组织的生物量;但对籽粒生物量影响不大。AMF降低了转移因子(TF),其中变种Glomus versiforme的TF(12.99%)显著低于其他3种AMF。我们认为Cd可以在水稻根系中富集,并且可以抑制Cd向籽粒的转移。在收获谷物的时候,水稻的根被从土壤中移除,从而从土壤中去除镉。在不影响水稻产量的情况下,有效地提高了土地承载能力和土壤。因此,Cd在水稻根系中富集,并且由于TF的减少,Cd向籽粒转移的潜力受到抑制。今后的研究重点应集中在如何提高水稻根中HMA3基因的表达,并阻止Cd从根向茎部的转运。
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引用次数: 8
Isolation and characterization of a broad-spectrum phage SapYZU11 and its potential application for biological control of Staphylococcus aureus 广谱噬菌体SapYZU11的分离鉴定及其在金黄色葡萄球菌生物防治中的应用前景
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i2.1238
H. Wen, Lijuan Yuan, Junqin Ye, Ya-jie Li, Zhen-quan Yang, Wen-yuan Zhou
Staphylococcus aureus, a prominent pathogen, is frequently encountered in clinical and food-processing settings. Given its ability to develop antimicrobial resistance, effective control strategies are required to ensure microbial safety. In this study, four lytic S. aureus phages (SapYZU10, SapYZU11, SapYZU12, and SapYZU13) were isolated from sewage samples in Yangzhou, China. Their biological characteristics and bactericidal effect against S. aureus isolates in vitro and in milk and fresh pork were evaluated. Their activities remained relatively stable under stressful conditions (-80–70°C, pH 3.0–12.0). Notably, SapYZU11 (100%, 53/53) effectively lysed all 53 S. aureus strains, followed by SapYZU12 (90.57%, 48/53), SapYZU13 (79.25%, 42/53), and SapYZU10 (71.70%, 38/53). Among the phages with short latent periods (10–20 min), SapYZU11 had a larger burst size (152.00 plaque forming units [PFU]/mL) and no genes related to antibiotic resistance and virulence. Furthermore, SapYZU11 effectively eradicated S. aureus and its cocktail (YZUsa1, YZUsa4, YZUsa12, YZUsa14, and methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) JCSC 4744) in Luria–Bertani broth and both food items. Particularly in milk, SapYZU11 with a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 inhibited MRSA JCSC 4744 strain and S. aureus cocktail with maximum reduction levels of 5.03 log (Lg) colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL and 2.80 Lg CFU/mL, respectively. Conversely, contaminated pork treated with three MOIs of SapYZU11 at 25°C and 4°C resulted in reductions of 0.29–1.29 Lg CFU/mL and 0.11–0.32 Lg CFU/mL, respectively. Therefore, SapYZU11 proved as a promising biocontrol agent against S. aureus in different food production settings.
金黄色葡萄球菌是一种重要的病原体,在临床和食品加工环境中经常遇到。鉴于其产生抗微生物药物耐药性的能力,需要有效的控制策略来确保微生物安全。本研究从扬州地区的污水中分离到4株裂解型金黄色葡萄球菌噬菌体SapYZU10、SapYZU11、SapYZU12和SapYZU13。对其生物学特性和对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌效果、牛奶和鲜肉中的抑菌效果进行了评价。在逆境条件下(-80-70°C, pH 3.0-12.0),其活性保持相对稳定。值得注意的是,SapYZU11(100%, 53/53)有效裂解了所有53株金黄色葡萄球菌,其次是SapYZU12(90.57%, 48/53)、SapYZU13(79.25%, 42/53)和SapYZU10(71.70%, 38/53)。在潜伏期较短(10-20 min)的噬菌体中,SapYZU11具有较大的爆发大小(152.00斑块形成单位[PFU]/mL),且不存在与抗生素耐药性和毒力相关的基因。此外,SapYZU11有效地根除了Luria-Bertani肉汤和两种食品中的金黄色葡萄球菌及其鸡尾酒(YZUsa1、YZUsa4、YZUsa12、YZUsa14)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA) JCSC 4744)。特别是在牛奶中,SapYZU11的感染多重性(MOI)为100,抑制MRSA JCSC 4744菌株和金黄色葡萄球菌鸡尾酒,最大减少水平分别为5.03 log (Lg)菌落形成单位(CFU)/mL和2.80 Lg CFU/mL。相反,在25°C和4°C条件下使用SapYZU11的三种MOIs处理的污染猪肉,分别减少了0.29-1.29 Lg CFU/mL和0.11-0.32 Lg CFU/mL。因此,SapYZU11在不同的食品生产环境中被证明是一种有前景的金黄色葡萄球菌生物防治剂。
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引用次数: 3
Effects of heating on the antibacterial efficacy and physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water 加热对等离子体活化水抗菌效果及理化性质的影响
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i2.1115
Bohua Wang, Wenjie Wang, Qisen Xiang, Yanhong Bai
Plasma-activated water (PAW), which is the water treated by cold plasma, represents a promising strategy for food decontamination. However, studies of the influences of heating on the antibacterial efficacy and physicochemical characteristics of PAW are limited. Therefore, the present work is aimed at determining the effect of heating on the bactericidal effects and physicochemical properties of PAW. PAW (1.0 mL) was heated in a water bath at 30–80°C for 10 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the antibacterial efficacy and physicochemical properties of PAW were measured. Heating at 40–80°C for 10 min caused a significant decrease in the antibac-terial activity of PAW against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. After heating at 40–80°C for 10 min, the pH value and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of PAW remained stable, and the level of nitrate and electrical conductivity of PAW remarkably increased, while hydrogen peroxide and nitrite contents significantly decreased. The combination treatment of PAW and mild heating (40–60°C for 4 min) showed greater anti-bacterial effect on L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium. After the combined treatment of PAW with mild heating at 60°C for 4 min, the populations of L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium decreased by 7.83 log10 CFU/mL and 9.35 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than that caused by PAW at 25°C or mild heating at 60°C alone. In summary, the antibacterial activity of PAW is significantly affected by the treatment temperature. This work provides a basis for the practical application of PAW in the food industry.
等离子体活化水(PAW)是一种经过冷等离子体处理的水,是一种很有前途的食品净化策略。然而,加热对PAW抗菌效果和理化特性影响的研究有限。因此,本工作旨在确定加热对PAW杀菌效果和理化性质的影响。将PAW (1.0 mL)置于30-80℃水浴中加热10 min,冷却至室温后,测定其抗菌效果和理化性质。在40-80℃加热10 min后,PAW对单核增生李斯特菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌的抗菌活性显著降低。在40 ~ 80℃加热10 min后,PAW的pH值和氧化还原电位(ORP)保持稳定,其硝酸盐含量和电导率显著提高,过氧化氢和亚硝酸盐含量显著降低。PAW与轻度加热(40 ~ 60℃加热4 min)联合处理对单核增生乳杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌效果较好。经60℃温和加热联合处理4 min后,单核增生L.和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的数量分别减少了7.83 log10 CFU/mL和9.35 log10 CFU/mL,显著高于单独处理25℃和60℃温和加热的效果。综上所述,PAW的抗菌活性受处理温度的影响显著。本工作为PAW在食品工业中的实际应用奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 1
Active compound analysis of ethanolic extract of roselle calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) 芙蓉花萼乙醇提取物的活性成分分析
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i2.1188
S. Bharadhi, Nageswari Karthikeyan, A. T, Rajagopal B, A. Thiyagarajan, Rajangam Jacob
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a comestible plant known for its fleshy red calyces that are used in making a wide range of foods such as wine, juice, jam, syrup, pudding, cakes, ice cream, and herbal tea. The anti- bacterial, diuretic, antioxidant, and anti-mutagenic effects of the roselle calyces are also well known. It is high in vitamins, minerals and bioactive substances such as organic acids, phytosterols, and polyphenols, and because of its extensive phar-macological potential, it has long been used as folk medicine to treat common cold. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) is the best technique to identify the compounds present in the sample by mass spectra data obtained from purely available standards injected under the same conditions. In this study, the GC-MS technique was used to validate the pharmacological potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa by identifying the chemicals found in its calyces. The maximum cyanidin-3-glucoside was found to be the highest in PKM (Periyakulam) HS 04 1784.65 mg/100 g in cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents, total flavonoid content (28.01 mg QE/g), and DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity % (93.17), and in PKM HS 02 total phenolic content (1.29 GA mg/g). The extract was prepared by soaking a dry calyx powder sample in methanol overnight and the ethanolic extract was then analyzed using GC-MS. Flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids were found in the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces. The existence of 26 bioactive chemicals was discovered by GC-MS analysis, including phthalic acid, astaxanthin, lutein, lycoxanthin, 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, rhodoxanthin, molybdenum, and hexadecenoic acid. The presence of some of these bioactive chemicals has been used to support scientific evidence for the plant’s anti-aging, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory capabilities, which constitute valuable preliminary information in pharma industries.
玫瑰(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)是一种可食用的植物,以其肉质红色的花萼而闻名,用于制作各种食物,如葡萄酒、果汁、果酱、糖浆、布丁、蛋糕、冰淇淋和花草茶。玫瑰花萼的抗菌、利尿、抗氧化和抗诱变作用也是众所周知的。它富含维生素、矿物质和生物活性物质,如有机酸、植物甾醇和多酚,由于其广泛的药理潜力,长期以来一直被用作治疗普通感冒的民间药物。气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)是鉴定样品中存在的化合物的最佳技术,其质谱数据来自于在相同条件下注入的纯可用标准品。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对芙蓉花萼中的化学成分进行鉴定,验证其药理潜力。花青素-3-葡萄糖苷含量、总黄酮含量(28.01 mg QE/g)、DPPH(2-二苯基-1-苦酰肼)活性%(93.17)和总酚含量(1.29 GA mg/g)在PKM (Periyakulam) HS 04 1784.65 mg/100 g中最高。将干燥的花萼粉样品在甲醇中浸泡过夜,然后用GC-MS分析乙醇提取物。木槿花萼乙醇提取物中含有黄酮类、单宁类、酚类、皂苷类、生物碱类、苷类、萜类和甾体。通过GC-MS分析发现了26种生物活性物质,包括邻苯二甲酸、虾青素、叶黄素、石黄质、3-吡啶羧酸、红桃黄质、钼和十六烯酸。其中一些生物活性化学物质的存在已被用于支持植物抗衰老、抗氧化、抗高血压和抗炎能力的科学证据,这构成了制药行业有价值的初步信息。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of jackfruit seed enriched pasta 菠萝蜜籽浓缩面食的特性
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i2.1217
Harmeet Singh, Rajan Sharma, Antima Gupta, S. Joshi, B. N. Dar, Baljit Singh, Savita Sharma
This study aims to investigate the potential of mixing jackfruit seed flour (JFSF) with pasta and its effects on techno-functional properties, cooking behavior, textural characteristics, morphology, macromolecular interactions, and secondary structure of proteins of pasta. The results showed with increase in the addition of JFSF from 6 to 24% caused significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the functional properties, decline in the minimum cooking time (7.07 to 6.20 min), and an increase in the cooking loss (5.13 to 11.26%) as well as firmness of the pasta. Organoleptic evaluations indicated the incorporation of JFSF up to 18% without affecting the flavor. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that after cooking bell-shaped starch granules were embedded in the protein matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis of the secondary structure of protein showed that the major protein fractions were β-sheets, followed by β helix. Positive correlations between cooking losses and water solubility index and several other parameters were established using principal component analysis. Therefore, incorporating JFSF into pasta could be a promising way for developing protein-rich, high-quality pasta with improved nutritional and functional properties.
本研究旨在探讨菠萝蜜籽粉(JFSF)与面食混合的潜力及其对面食的工艺功能特性、烹饪行为、质地特征、形态、大分子相互作用和蛋白质二级结构的影响。结果表明,当JFSF的添加量从6%增加到24%时,面食的功能性能显著改善(P < 0.05),最短蒸煮时间(7.07 ~ 6.20 min)缩短,蒸煮损失(5.13 ~ 11.26%)增加,面食的硬度增加。感官评价表明,在不影响风味的情况下,JFSF的掺入率高达18%。扫描电镜显示,煮熟后淀粉颗粒呈钟状嵌入蛋白质基质中。蛋白质二级结构的傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,蛋白质的主要部分是β-片,其次是β螺旋。通过主成分分析,发现蒸煮损失与水溶性指数及其他参数呈正相关。因此,将JFSF添加到面食中可能是开发富含蛋白质、具有改善营养和功能特性的高质量面食的一种有希望的方法。
{"title":"Characterization of jackfruit seed enriched pasta","authors":"Harmeet Singh, Rajan Sharma, Antima Gupta, S. Joshi, B. N. Dar, Baljit Singh, Savita Sharma","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i2.1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i2.1217","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the potential of mixing jackfruit seed flour (JFSF) with pasta and its effects on techno-functional properties, cooking behavior, textural characteristics, morphology, macromolecular interactions, and secondary structure of proteins of pasta. The results showed with increase in the addition of JFSF from 6 to 24% caused significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the functional properties, decline in the minimum cooking time (7.07 to 6.20 min), and an increase in the cooking loss (5.13 to 11.26%) as well as firmness of the pasta. Organoleptic evaluations indicated the incorporation of JFSF up to 18% without affecting the flavor. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that after cooking bell-shaped starch granules were embedded in the protein matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis of the secondary structure of protein showed that the major protein fractions were β-sheets, followed by β helix. Positive correlations between cooking losses and water solubility index and several other parameters were established using principal component analysis. Therefore, incorporating JFSF into pasta could be a promising way for developing protein-rich, high-quality pasta with improved nutritional and functional properties.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops &amp; Foods","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82754839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Chitosan-nanocrystal cellulose composite coating could inhibit fruit decay rate and maintain the texture parameters of fruit in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench) 壳聚糖-纳米晶纤维素复合涂层可以抑制秋葵果实的腐烂率,保持果实的质地参数[L]。] Moench)
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i2.1208
Jiyue Wang, Hengcang Wang, Zhenghong Liu, Denghong Shi, Yunru Bai, Yan Liu
In order to obtain a better preservation effect on okra fruit, this study examined chitosan (CS)–nanocrystal cellulose (NCC) composite coating as a preservative agent. Four treatments, including CS, NCC, CS–cellulose composite (CS-CC), and ratio of CS:CC: 2:1 (2CS-CC), were implemented to create three different okra fruits (Shuiguo, Naiyou, and Hibiscus coccineus). Rate of weight loss, decay rate, and texture profiles (e.g., hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience) of the fruits were determined regularly during storage. Our results showed that a CS-NCC composite coating could not reduce rate of weight loss of the fruits. Only 2CS-CC treatment inhibited the fruit decay rate in Hibiscus coccineus (C). Nevertheless, NCC treatment did not result in a distinct improvement compared with CS treatment (1%). CS-CC treatment could be advantageous for maintaining the texture parameters of okra fruit during storage. Notably, change in the fruit texture parameters presents a significant cultivar-dependent pattern.
为了获得更好的秋葵保鲜效果,本研究对壳聚糖(CS) -纳米晶纤维素(NCC)复合涂层作为秋葵保鲜剂进行了研究。采用CS、NCC、CS-纤维素复合(CS-CC)和CS:CC: 2:1 (2CS-CC) 4种处理,得到了3种不同的秋葵果实(水果果、奈油果和芙蓉果)。在储存过程中,定期测定水果的失重率、腐烂率和质地特征(如硬度、弹性、黏性、粘性、咀嚼性和弹性)。结果表明,CS-NCC复合涂层不能降低果实失重速率。只有2CS-CC处理抑制了芙蓉的果腐率(C)。然而,与CS处理(1%)相比,NCC处理没有明显的改善。CS-CC处理有利于保持秋葵果实在贮藏过程中的质地参数。果实质地参数的变化具有明显的品种依赖性。
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引用次数: 0
Optimisation of the controlled atmosphere storage and shelf life of Lilium longiflorum 长花百合调气贮藏及保质期的优化
Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15isp1.1193
Peng Deng, Kailong Li, Wuying Chen, Ang Chen, Lebin Yin
To prolong the storage period of fresh Lilium longiflorum, maintain its quality during storage, and optimise the controlled atmosphere (CA) storage parameters. In a single-factor experiment, the temperature, humidity, and O2 and CO2 concentrations were considered as primary factors affecting the CA storage of L. longiflorum. Then, a comprehensive score was optimised using a back propagation neural network combined with empirical data. Finally, experimental verification was undertaken. The optimal concentrations of O2 and CO2 were 4.5% and 3.8%, respectively. A storage temperature of 4.2°C and a relative humidity of 90% were ideal. Under these conditions, the comprehensive evaluation score for L. longiflorum was 0.8424 (P > 0.05), consistent with the predicted value of 0.8372. Compared to ordinary cold storage, the storage period of L. longiflorum under these CA storage conditions was effectively prolonged. This provided an experimental basis for the CA storage of L. longiflorum.
为了延长鲜百合的贮藏期,保持鲜百合在贮藏期间的品质,并优化控制气调贮藏参数。在单因素试验中,温度、湿度、O2和CO2浓度是影响长花L. CA贮藏的主要因素。然后,利用反向传播神经网络结合经验数据对综合评分进行优化。最后进行了实验验证。O2和CO2的最佳浓度分别为4.5%和3.8%。理想的贮藏温度为4.2℃,相对湿度为90%。在此条件下,长花乳酸菌综合评价得分为0.8424 (P > 0.05),与预测值0.8372一致。与普通冷藏相比,在CA条件下,长花乳酸菌的贮藏期得到了有效延长。这为龙花草的CA贮藏提供了实验依据。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding Hippophae rhamnoides’ action of mechanism in Sjögren’s syndrome: A network pharmacology and molecular docking study 破解沙棘在Sjögren综合征中的作用机制:网络药理学与分子对接研究
Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i1.1210
luyun xia, Zheng Luo, H. Xu, Liu Liu, Wenying Huai, Jun Xia, Q. Yin, Tian E. Zhang, Yun-hui Chen
This study aimed to decode the potential bioactive compounds and action mechanism of Hippophae rhamnoides in treating Sjögren’s syndrome using network pharmacology and molecular docking approach. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and HERB (a High--throughput Experiment- and Reference-guided database of TCM) database were used to identify the active components of -Hippophae rhamnoides and their targets. Databases, including GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance (OMIM), and DisGeNET, were used to acquire the major targets of action in Sjögren’s syndrome. Venn diagrams were constructed to identify the compound gene targets. Then the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting genes/proteins database (STRING) platform was used to build a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to analyze the potential protein functional modules. Analysis of Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was performed through the Metascape platform to predict their biological processes and decipher the mechanism of action. The drug component–target–action pathway network was constructed through the Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. Furthermore, the AutoDock Vina software was used to perform molecular docking of core components and key targets, validating binding affinity between potential core components and key targets. Twenty-two Hippophae rhamnoide candidate compounds and 208 potential targets for Sjögren’s syndrome were acquired. The network analysis showed that the core active ingredients of Hippophae rhamnoides in regulating Sjögren’s syndrome were quercetin, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol (β-sitosterol). Core targets included albumin (ALB), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Caspase-3 (CASP3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma or PPARG), estrogen receptor (ER) ESR1, heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha, EC 3.6.4.10 (HSP90AA1), plasminogen, EC 3.4.21.7 (PLG), MAPK14, MAPK8, and MAPK1. The KEGG analyses demonstrated that Hippophae rhamnoides could exert their functioning against Sjögren’s syndrome by reacting with the lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. Further, molecular docking analysis suggested that 10 compounds of Hippophae rhamnoides could be effective to treat Sjögren’s syndrome by matching five core genes to docking pockets. This study indicated that Hippophae rhamnoides’ functioning effects on Sjögren’s syndrome could be attributed to the regulation of a network comprising multi-targets, multi-compounds, and multi-pathways.
本研究旨在利用网络药理学和分子对接方法,解码沙棘治疗Sjögren综合征的潜在生物活性化合物和作用机制。利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)和中药高通量实验与参考指导数据库HERB数据库对沙棘的有效成分及其靶点进行鉴定。使用GeneCards、在线孟德尔遗传(Online Mendelian Inheritance, OMIM)和DisGeNET等数据库获取Sjögren综合征的主要作用靶点。构建维恩图来识别复合基因靶点。利用相互作用基因/蛋白质数据库(STRING)平台构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,分析潜在的蛋白质功能模块。通过metscape平台对基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)进行分析,预测其生物过程并破译其作用机制。通过Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建药物组分-靶标-作用通路网络。利用AutoDock Vina软件对核心成分与关键靶点进行分子对接,验证潜在核心成分与关键靶点的结合亲和力。获得了22种沙棘候选化合物和208种Sjögren综合征的潜在靶点。网络分析表明,沙棘调节Sjögren综合征的核心活性成分为槲皮素、山奈酚和β-谷甾醇(β-谷甾醇)。核心靶点包括白蛋白(ALB)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、Caspase-3 (CASP3)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (ppar - γ或PPARG)、雌激素受体(ER) ESR1、热休克蛋白HSP90 - α、EC 3.6.4.10 (HSP90AA1)、纤溶酶原、EC 3.4.21.7 (PLG)、MAPK14、MAPK8和MAPK1。KEGG分析表明,沙棘可能通过脂质和动脉粥样硬化信号通路以及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路发挥其抗Sjögren 's综合征的作用。此外,分子对接分析表明,沙棘的10个化合物通过5个核心基因与对接口袋匹配,可以有效治疗Sjögren 's综合征。本研究提示沙棘对Sjögren ' s综合征的功能作用可能与多靶点、多化合物、多途径组成的网络调控有关。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of nourishing qi, activating blood circulation, and inducing resuscitation on nerve cell pyroptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion 益气活血复苏对脑缺血再灌注后神经细胞焦亡的影响
Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15i1.1237
Lin-Quan Liu, Xiao-ping Huang, Yazhen Cai, Yan She, Chang-Qing Deng
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) is a serious complication often associated with cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of nourishing qi, activating blood circulation, and inducing resuscitation (Borneol with astragaloside IV and Panax notoginseng total saponins, BAP) on CIR. Neurological function score system was used to determine the neurological function. The survival of nerve cells was detected by Nissl staining. The levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-4, and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. The expression of GSDMD, GSDMD-N, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins in hippocampus tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Western blot, RT-qPCR, or immunofluorescence (IF) were used to detect the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), pro-Caspase-1, Caspase-1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was analyzed by LDH release assay. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8). Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. BAP significantly promoted the recovery of nerve function, the activity of nerve cells, and the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, IL-4, and IL-10 in rat hippocampus tissues after CIR. BAP has an obvious inhibitory effect on the expression of NLRP3, pro-Caspase-1, and Caspase-1 proteins, the release of IL-1β and IL-18 factors, and neuronal pyroptosis in hippocampal tissues. BAP also promoted IL-4 and IL-10 levels, and the activity of SH-SY5Y cells. The IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, pro-Caspase-1, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N expressions were significantly inhibited by BAP in vitro, which was reversed by Nrf2 knockdown. This study confirmed that BAP alleviated rat CIR and inhibited the pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. This study provided new directions and ideas for the treatment of CIR.
脑缺血再灌注(CIR)是脑缺血的严重并发症。本研究旨在探讨益气活血醒脑(黄芪甲苷冰片加三七总皂苷,BAP)对大鼠CIR的治疗作用,并采用神经功能评分系统对大鼠的神经功能进行评分。尼氏染色检测神经细胞的存活情况。ELISA法检测各组IL-1β、IL-18、IL-4、IL-10水平。免疫组化(IHC)法检测海马组织中GSDMD、GSDMD- n、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白的表达。采用Western blot、RT-qPCR或免疫荧光(IF)检测NACHT、LRR和PYD结构域蛋白3 (NLRP3)、pro-Caspase-1、Caspase-1、Nrf2和HO-1的表达。乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平。采用细胞计数试剂盒-8 (CCK8)检测细胞活力。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。BAP显著促进大鼠CIR后海马组织神经功能恢复、神经细胞活性恢复及Nrf2、HO-1、IL-4、IL-10的表达,对海马组织NLRP3、pro-Caspase-1、Caspase-1蛋白表达、IL-1β、IL-18因子释放、神经元凋亡有明显抑制作用。BAP还能提高SH-SY5Y细胞的IL-4、IL-10水平和活性。BAP在体外显著抑制IL-1β、IL-18、NLRP3、pro-Caspase-1、Caspase-1、GSDMD、GSDMD- n的表达,并通过下调Nrf2使其表达逆转。本研究证实BAP通过调节Nrf2/HO-1信号通路减轻大鼠CIR,抑制SH-SY5Y细胞的焦亡。本研究为CIR的治疗提供了新的方向和思路。
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引用次数: 0
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Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops &amp; Foods
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