Wheat plays an important role in our daily life and industrial production. Several computer vision approaches have been proposed for classifying wheat quality, but there were some methods focusing on the problem of cohesive wheats while image processing. In this paper, we designed a single kernel guide groove to separate the cohesive wheats, which could simplify the algorithm of image processing and improve the accuracy rate of classification. For the method followed while recording the data, the image information must be converted into digital information, and the results are provided using appropriate image processing algorithms. Image preprocessing steps such as binarization, image enhancement, image segmentation, and morphological processing were used to reduce noise. For image segmentation, we proposed the following new segmentation methods: (1) extracting wheat region by converting image to H channel and (2) watershed algorithm based on Euclidean distance transformation. For the classification model, 22 features of 7 different qualities of wheat were inputted in the Back Propagation (BP) neural network and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, and the overall correct classification rates were determined to be 91% and 97% for SVM and BP neural network, respectively. The BP neural network was more suitable for wheat appearance quality detection.
{"title":"Inspection and classification of wheat quality using image processing","authors":"Junsong Zhu, Baosheng Sun, Jianrong Cai, Yongjian Xu, Feng Lu, Haile Ma","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i3.1220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i3.1220","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat plays an important role in our daily life and industrial production. Several computer vision approaches have been proposed for classifying wheat quality, but there were some methods focusing on the problem of cohesive wheats while image processing. In this paper, we designed a single kernel guide groove to separate the cohesive wheats, which could simplify the algorithm of image processing and improve the accuracy rate of classification. For the method followed while recording the data, the image information must be converted into digital information, and the results are provided using appropriate image processing algorithms. Image preprocessing steps such as binarization, image enhancement, image segmentation, and morphological processing were used to reduce noise. For image segmentation, we proposed the following new segmentation methods: (1) extracting wheat region by converting image to H channel and (2) watershed algorithm based on Euclidean distance transformation. For the classification model, 22 features of 7 different qualities of wheat were inputted in the Back Propagation (BP) neural network and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, and the overall correct classification rates were determined to be 91% and 97% for SVM and BP neural network, respectively. The BP neural network was more suitable for wheat appearance quality detection.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78727240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Chen, Jialiang Lv, Tao Han, Juan Kan, Changhai Jin, Jun Liu
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) flower extract (TFE) is a new type of tea beverage. The aim of this study was to explore the possible function after intake of TFE for a fixed period. In the study, 200 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day (d) of TFE was given to mice for 14 weeks. The results showed that the levels of hepatic superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were increased but the formation of malondialdehyde was reduced, compared to the normal control (NC) group. Meanwhile, administration of TFE contributed to the prior number of colonic goblet cells (1,505 ± 124 vs. 1,162 ± 112, per mm2) and enhancement of colonic messenger RNA expression of mucin 2 and Claudin5. Additionally, TFE intervention modulated the composition and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota with an important role in dietary metabolism. Representatively, the relative abundance of genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and immunoglobulin A were increased. Taken together, long-term intake of TFE could promote hepatic antioxidant and modulate gut ecological status. These results could provide a reference for the development of TFE as a functional beverage.
{"title":"Hepatic antioxidant and gut ecological modulation properties of long-term intake of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) flower extract in vivo","authors":"Dan Chen, Jialiang Lv, Tao Han, Juan Kan, Changhai Jin, Jun Liu","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i3.1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i3.1209","url":null,"abstract":"Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) flower extract (TFE) is a new type of tea beverage. The aim of this study was to explore the possible function after intake of TFE for a fixed period. In the study, 200 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day (d) of TFE was given to mice for 14 weeks. The results showed that the levels of hepatic superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were increased but the formation of malondialdehyde was reduced, compared to the normal control (NC) group. Meanwhile, administration of TFE contributed to the prior number of colonic goblet cells (1,505 ± 124 vs. 1,162 ± 112, per mm2) and enhancement of colonic messenger RNA expression of mucin 2 and Claudin5. Additionally, TFE intervention modulated the composition and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota with an important role in dietary metabolism. Representatively, the relative abundance of genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and immunoglobulin A were increased. Taken together, long-term intake of TFE could promote hepatic antioxidant and modulate gut ecological status. These results could provide a reference for the development of TFE as a functional beverage.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87854739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the in vitro digestibility, glycaemic index (GI) and bile acid–binding capacity (BABC) of some potential resistant starch source food products (PRSF). Commercially available resistant starch (RS) samples, Hylon VII (RS2), Novelose 330 (RS3) and Fibersym (RS4) were also included in the study. The RS content of the PRSF used in this study was in the range of 25–77%. Standardised static in vitro digestion processes were applied, and the total digestibility, GI and BABC of the samples were determined. The digestibility of commercial RS samples was lower than the PRSF samples. No significant correlation was found between digestibility and RS or total dietary fibre (TDF) contents of the samples. A statistically significant positive correlation was obtained between GI and in vitro digestibility values. In addition, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the GI and TDF content of the PRSF samples. In addition, it was observed that neither RS content nor RS type had a significant effect on BABC.
研究了几种潜在抗性淀粉源食品(PRSF)的体外消化率、血糖生成指数(GI)和胆汁酸结合能力(BABC)。市售抗性淀粉(RS)样品Hylon VII (RS2)、Novelose 330 (RS3)和Fibersym (RS4)也被纳入研究。本研究使用的PRSF的RS含量在25-77%之间。采用标准化体外静态消化工艺，测定样品的总消化率、GI和BABC。商业RS样品的消化率低于PRSF样品。样品的消化率与RS和总膳食纤维(TDF)含量无显著相关。胃肠道指数与体外消化率呈显著正相关。此外，PRSF样品的GI与TDF含量之间存在显著的负相关。此外，RS含量和RS类型对BABC均无显著影响。
{"title":"In vitro digestibility, glycaemic index and bile acid–binding capacity of foods containing different types of resistant starch in comparison with the commercial resistant starches","authors":"Seher Serin, S. Sayar","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i3.1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i3.1215","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the in vitro digestibility, glycaemic index (GI) and bile acid–binding capacity (BABC) of some potential resistant starch source food products (PRSF). Commercially available resistant starch (RS) samples, Hylon VII (RS2), Novelose 330 (RS3) and Fibersym (RS4) were also included in the study. The RS content of the PRSF used in this study was in the range of 25–77%. Standardised static in vitro digestion processes were applied, and the total digestibility, GI and BABC of the samples were determined. The digestibility of commercial RS samples was lower than the PRSF samples. No significant correlation was found between digestibility and RS or total dietary fibre (TDF) contents of the samples. A statistically significant positive correlation was obtained between GI and in vitro digestibility values. In addition, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the GI and TDF content of the PRSF samples. In addition, it was observed that neither RS content nor RS type had a significant effect on BABC.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75431737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigated the optimal conditions of heat and chemical treatment for elimination of aflatoxin. NaOH showed the highest inhibition percentage (75.44%) of Aspergillus flavus growth that was isolated from lowgrade maize. Low-grade maize contaminated with A. flavus was treated with NaOH by varying three factors in three levels: NaOH concentration (0, 2.5 and 5% w/v), temperature (25, 50 and 75°C) and time (24, 48 and 72 h). Aflatoxin was removed from low-grade maize after sprinkling with 5% w/v NaOH at 50°C for 24 h that reduced aflatoxin B1 content to 4.25 µg/kg with 60.35% reduction from initial value. The use of NaOH solution with simple heat influenced the reduction in fungal contamination and elimination of aflatoxin B1.
{"title":"Aflatoxin B1 elimination in low-grade maize by co-influence of heat and chemical treatment","authors":"Rattananporn Thakaew, Suparin Chaiklangmuang","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i3.1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i3.1233","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the optimal conditions of heat and chemical treatment for elimination of aflatoxin. NaOH showed the highest inhibition percentage (75.44%) of Aspergillus flavus growth that was isolated from lowgrade maize. Low-grade maize contaminated with A. flavus was treated with NaOH by varying three factors in three levels: NaOH concentration (0, 2.5 and 5% w/v), temperature (25, 50 and 75°C) and time (24, 48 and 72 h). Aflatoxin was removed from low-grade maize after sprinkling with 5% w/v NaOH at 50°C for 24 h that reduced aflatoxin B1 content to 4.25 µg/kg with 60.35% reduction from initial value. The use of NaOH solution with simple heat influenced the reduction in fungal contamination and elimination of aflatoxin B1.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79221742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genxin Nie, Tianhua Tu, Lifang Hu, Ling Wu, Ya Zhou
The degree of pollution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil of plastic-covered sheds in Jiangxi Province were evaluated by the Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index. The bioconcentration factor and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were used to evaluate the enrichment ability and health risk of HMs in vegetables. The mean contents of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in soil were 5.99, 0.373, 17.8, 5.94E-02, and 28.9 mg kg–1, respectively; Cd exceeded the background value and the maximum limit. Most soils had no extremely strong ecological risk. The concentration of Pb in root veg-etables was 0.204 mg kg-1, with the highest concentration of Cd (0.147 mg kg–1) in Ganzhou leafy vegetables. The Hg concentration of leafy vegetables in Jiujiang was 1.41E-02 mg kg–1, which exceeded the maximum limit. The bioconcentration factor of HMs was negatively correlated with pH (P ≤ 0.05). The migration ability of Cd in root vegetables was 1.7-fold to that of leafy vegetables, and was strongest. The TTHQ of all vegetables was less than 1.0, which indicated that there was no significant noncarcinogenic risk in adults. The TTHQ of root vegetables was highest, with Pb in vegetables being major health risk factors. In conclusion, fruit and solanaceous vegetables may be more suitable for planting in plastic-covered shed than root and leafy vegetables; Cd and Pb were identified as the priority control metals under plastic-covered sheds in Jiangxi Province.
{"title":"Accumulation characteristics and evaluation of heavy metals in soils and vegetables of plastic-covered sheds in typical red soil areas of China","authors":"Genxin Nie, Tianhua Tu, Lifang Hu, Ling Wu, Ya Zhou","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i3.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i3.1222","url":null,"abstract":"The degree of pollution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil of plastic-covered sheds in Jiangxi Province were evaluated by the Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index. The bioconcentration factor and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) were used to evaluate the enrichment ability and health risk of HMs in vegetables. The mean contents of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in soil were 5.99, 0.373, 17.8, 5.94E-02, and 28.9 mg kg–1, respectively; Cd exceeded the background value and the maximum limit. Most soils had no extremely strong ecological risk. The concentration of Pb in root veg-etables was 0.204 mg kg-1, with the highest concentration of Cd (0.147 mg kg–1) in Ganzhou leafy vegetables. The Hg concentration of leafy vegetables in Jiujiang was 1.41E-02 mg kg–1, which exceeded the maximum limit. The bioconcentration factor of HMs was negatively correlated with pH (P ≤ 0.05). The migration ability of Cd in root vegetables was 1.7-fold to that of leafy vegetables, and was strongest. The TTHQ of all vegetables was less than 1.0, which indicated that there was no significant noncarcinogenic risk in adults. The TTHQ of root vegetables was highest, with Pb in vegetables being major health risk factors. In conclusion, fruit and solanaceous vegetables may be more suitable for planting in plastic-covered shed than root and leafy vegetables; Cd and Pb were identified as the priority control metals under plastic-covered sheds in Jiangxi Province.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74570221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed an ultrasensitive and highly selective method to quantify iodate (IO3–) in iodized salt and biological samples. In the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, IO3– was injected with sampler and reduced to iodide (I–) online using a Coulomb detector (CD) as a pre-column reactor, retained by C18 column with the help of ion pairs, and then determined by an amperometric detector (AD). For analysis of IO3–, several parameters and reactive conditions of Coulomb detector, including applied potential, pH value, and salt concentration, were optimized to obtain the best reduction efficiency. The optimized HPLC–CD-AD method was found to be linear over a wide range of IO3– concentration (0.05–0.25 μg/mL) with appreciable recovery rates (86.90– 94.70%) of quality controls at excellent detection limits (100 pg) and acceptable variability. The analysis of IO3– in actual samples, such as urine of volunteers, iodized salt, and seawater, discovered that the method has high selectivity and little interference. It can be concluded that the proposed method was ultrasensitive and highly selective in the trace detection of IO3.
{"title":"Ultrasensitive and highly selective determination of iodate by reversed-phase ion pair HPLC–amperometric detector after online electrochemical reduction to iodide","authors":"Qingwei Jiang, Tao Wang, Gao Li","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i3.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i3.1223","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an ultrasensitive and highly selective method to quantify iodate (IO3–) in iodized salt and biological samples. In the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, IO3– was injected with sampler and reduced to iodide (I–) online using a Coulomb detector (CD) as a pre-column reactor, retained by C18 column with the help of ion pairs, and then determined by an amperometric detector (AD). For analysis of IO3–, several parameters and reactive conditions of Coulomb detector, including applied potential, pH value, and salt concentration, were optimized to obtain the best reduction efficiency. The optimized HPLC–CD-AD method was found to be linear over a wide range of IO3– concentration (0.05–0.25 μg/mL) with appreciable recovery rates (86.90– 94.70%) of quality controls at excellent detection limits (100 pg) and acceptable variability. The analysis of IO3– in actual samples, such as urine of volunteers, iodized salt, and seawater, discovered that the method has high selectivity and little interference. It can be concluded that the proposed method was ultrasensitive and highly selective in the trace detection of IO3.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76480918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.15586/qas.v15isp1.1272
Tanmay Sarkar, Alok K. Mukherjee, Kingshuk Chatterjee, S. Smaoui, S. Pati, M. Shariati
We have developed an artificial intelligence–based quality prediction model for oyster mushroom samples in this work. The proposed model tends to predict the progressively deteriorating quality of the samples in terms of predicted Hedonic number, which is adjudged as one of the most reliable scales of raw fruit quality assessment parameters. The present scheme attempts to continuously assess the quality of mushrooms by judging the extent of deterioration of the sample images; instead of discrete classification asserting only the edibility or non-edibility of the samples. Thus, the extent of the freshness of any test sample could also be approximated using the predicted Hedonic number from the model. The proposed scheme uses an artificial neural network to develop the estimator. The simplicity of analysis of the scheme and high accuracy of prediction of freshness allow for basic screening of the samples without requiring a panel of experts to judge the same, which is a difficult task, especially under this pandemic circumstance. Besides, implementing the proposed algorithm in designing possible mobile-based application software would widen its applicability in a practical scenario.
{"title":"Progressive quality estimation of oyster mushrooms using neural network–based image analysis","authors":"Tanmay Sarkar, Alok K. Mukherjee, Kingshuk Chatterjee, S. Smaoui, S. Pati, M. Shariati","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15isp1.1272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15isp1.1272","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed an artificial intelligence–based quality prediction model for oyster mushroom samples in this work. The proposed model tends to predict the progressively deteriorating quality of the samples in terms of predicted Hedonic number, which is adjudged as one of the most reliable scales of raw fruit quality assessment parameters. The present scheme attempts to continuously assess the quality of mushrooms by judging the extent of deterioration of the sample images; instead of discrete classification asserting only the edibility or non-edibility of the samples. Thus, the extent of the freshness of any test sample could also be approximated using the predicted Hedonic number from the model. The proposed scheme uses an artificial neural network to develop the estimator. The simplicity of analysis of the scheme and high accuracy of prediction of freshness allow for basic screening of the samples without requiring a panel of experts to judge the same, which is a difficult task, especially under this pandemic circumstance. Besides, implementing the proposed algorithm in designing possible mobile-based application software would widen its applicability in a practical scenario.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77388504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The worldwide use of glufosinate-ammonium has dramatically increased, but concern over its impact on plants and soil is also increasing. With the aim of clarifying whether the application of glufosinate-ammonium will generate residue in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect wheat plants, grains, and soil. Under experimental conditions, no residue of glufosinate-ammonium was detected in wheat plants and grains during each growth period. The residual level of glufosinate decreased gradually with the increment of soil layer during the same reproductive period. In the same soil layer, the sequence of glufosinate residues in the reproductive period were wintering, recovering, jointing, and heading stage. The residues of glufosinate after 2.0 times applied amount was significantly greater than the 1.0 times applied amount. During the wintering period, the residuals after 2.0 times application of glufosinate were 1.50 and 28.27 times higher than 1.0 times application in the field and soil column experiment, respectively, in the 0–20 cm soil layer. No residue of glufosinate was detected in the different soil layers of each treatment during the flowering, filling, and maturation stages of wheat. The residues of glufosinate-ammonium in wheat and soil were far less than 0.2 ng kg−1 in all treatments. It shows that the application of glufosinate-ammonium is safe for wheat field soil and the next crop under the spraying rate of this experiment.
在世界范围内，草铵膦的使用量急剧增加，但对其对植物和土壤的影响的关注也在增加。为弄清施用草铵膦是否会在小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)和土壤中产生残留，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)对小麦植株、籽粒和土壤进行检测。在试验条件下，小麦植株和籽粒在各生育期均未检测到草铵膦残留。在同一繁殖期内，草铵膦残留量随土层的增加而逐渐降低。在同一土层中，草甘膦在生育期的残留量依次为越冬期、恢复期、拔节期和抽穗期。2.0倍施用量后草铵膦残留量显著大于1.0倍施用量。冬季0 ~ 20 cm土层，田间和土柱试验2.0次施用草铵膦后的残留量分别比1.0次施用高1.50倍和28.27倍。在小麦开花期、灌浆期和成熟期，各处理不同土层均未检测到草铵膦残留。在所有处理下，草铵铵在小麦和土壤中的残留量均远小于0.2 ng kg−1。结果表明，在本试验喷施量下，草铵铵对麦田土壤和下一茬作物的施用是安全的。
{"title":"Determination of glufosinate-ammonium residue in wheat and soil by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Xiaoyun She, Yu-Sen Gao, Yanzhen Shi","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i2.1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i2.1163","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide use of glufosinate-ammonium has dramatically increased, but concern over its impact on plants and soil is also increasing. With the aim of clarifying whether the application of glufosinate-ammonium will generate residue in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect wheat plants, grains, and soil. Under experimental conditions, no residue of glufosinate-ammonium was detected in wheat plants and grains during each growth period. The residual level of glufosinate decreased gradually with the increment of soil layer during the same reproductive period. In the same soil layer, the sequence of glufosinate residues in the reproductive period were wintering, recovering, jointing, and heading stage. The residues of glufosinate after 2.0 times applied amount was significantly greater than the 1.0 times applied amount. During the wintering period, the residuals after 2.0 times application of glufosinate were 1.50 and 28.27 times higher than 1.0 times application in the field and soil column experiment, respectively, in the 0–20 cm soil layer. No residue of glufosinate was detected in the different soil layers of each treatment during the flowering, filling, and maturation stages of wheat. The residues of glufosinate-ammonium in wheat and soil were far less than 0.2 ng kg−1 in all treatments. It shows that the application of glufosinate-ammonium is safe for wheat field soil and the next crop under the spraying rate of this experiment.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81027633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The migration of photoinitiators (PIs): benzophenone (BP), ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDAB), and 4-chlorobenzophenone (CBP), from polyethylene (PE)-coated paper to 4% (v/v) acetic acid and 10% (v/v) saltsimulated food solution was quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The migration behavior of the three PIs was studied under three specific working conditions: conventional heating, microwave power, and random vibration level. The migration rate of the three PIs in acidic food simulants was ranked from BP > EDAB > CBP under the specific working conditions. The mobility of the three PIs increased with increasing temperature, microwave power, and random vibration acceleration in 4% (v/v) acetic acid by 10, 10, and 15%, respectively. The experimental migration data of three PIs in PE-coated paper under different temperatures and microwave powers were used to establish the Crank monolayer migration model according to Fick’s second law. The diffusion coefficient D increased with an increase in experimental conditions. According to the migration data under the condition of random vibration level, a mathematical model conforming to the Fick model was established, fitting the migration process. These results showed that conventional heating, microwave heating, and vibration could affect the food safety of PE-coated paper.
{"title":"Migration behavior of photoinitiators in polyethylene-coated paper for takeaway fast food","authors":"Yingtong Wu, Jifeng Lang, Guangfa Liu, Lijun Wang, H. Song, Chongxing Huang","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i2.1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i2.1181","url":null,"abstract":"The migration of photoinitiators (PIs): benzophenone (BP), ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDAB), and 4-chlorobenzophenone (CBP), from polyethylene (PE)-coated paper to 4% (v/v) acetic acid and 10% (v/v) saltsimulated food solution was quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The migration behavior of the three PIs was studied under three specific working conditions: conventional heating, microwave power, and random vibration level. The migration rate of the three PIs in acidic food simulants was ranked from BP > EDAB > CBP under the specific working conditions. The mobility of the three PIs increased with increasing temperature, microwave power, and random vibration acceleration in 4% (v/v) acetic acid by 10, 10, and 15%, respectively. The experimental migration data of three PIs in PE-coated paper under different temperatures and microwave powers were used to establish the Crank monolayer migration model according to Fick’s second law. The diffusion coefficient D increased with an increase in experimental conditions. According to the migration data under the condition of random vibration level, a mathematical model conforming to the Fick model was established, fitting the migration process. These results showed that conventional heating, microwave heating, and vibration could affect the food safety of PE-coated paper.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76096866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Wang, Mengyuan Zhang, Nan Sun, Huiqing Chen, Chongshang Zhang, Qian Wang, Wen-zhong Zhang
In order to investigate the epidemic characteristics of economically motivated food adulteration (EMA) in China, we analyzed the frequency and/or percentage of parameters of EMAs from 2000 to 2020. A total of 6477 EMAs were collected from a portal based in China and evaluated, the results showed that 69% of the EMAs were identified through supervisions and 95.7% EMAs were discovered in the sale process. The top three specifications of EMA information were listed as follows: the regions were Guangdong, Shandong, and Henan; the fraud means were illegal addition, substitution or dilution, and unqualified hygiene; the food types were meat, vegetable, and fruit. Our findings indicated that supervision of the production process of the main food types is of utmost importance to prevent EMA, according to adulterating phase, fraud means, and adulterer type.
{"title":"Analysis of the economically motivated food adulteration in China based on 6477 events from 2000 to 2020","authors":"T. Wang, Mengyuan Zhang, Nan Sun, Huiqing Chen, Chongshang Zhang, Qian Wang, Wen-zhong Zhang","doi":"10.15586/qas.v15i2.1144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i2.1144","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the epidemic characteristics of economically motivated food adulteration (EMA) in China, we analyzed the frequency and/or percentage of parameters of EMAs from 2000 to 2020. A total of 6477 EMAs were collected from a portal based in China and evaluated, the results showed that 69% of the EMAs were identified through supervisions and 95.7% EMAs were discovered in the sale process. The top three specifications of EMA information were listed as follows: the regions were Guangdong, Shandong, and Henan; the fraud means were illegal addition, substitution or dilution, and unqualified hygiene; the food types were meat, vegetable, and fruit. Our findings indicated that supervision of the production process of the main food types is of utmost importance to prevent EMA, according to adulterating phase, fraud means, and adulterer type.","PeriodicalId":20738,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82344560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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