Hafnium oxide ferroelectric memory offers non-volatility, low power consumption, fast read-write speed, <1 nm scalability, and CMOS compatibility, making it a promising next-generation nonvolatile memory device. However, because the ferroelectric phase is not thermodynamically stable, hafnium oxide thin film prepared by atomic layer deposition contains several phases with very similar structures. For example, the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases are nearly indistinguishable when the grain size is small using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, challenging its characterization and mechanism study. In this work, the multi-slice algorithm was utilized to simulate atomic scanning transmission electron microscopy images. For the experimental part, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy was employed to acquire high-angle annular dark-field images and annular bright-field images. Based on the results, we proposed that when utilizing specific orientation to distinguish various phases, imaging conditions such as spherical aberration coefficient, tilt angle, film thickness, etc., affect the analysis to some extent. This work lays the foundation for understanding hafnium-based ferroelectric phase structure.
{"title":"Identification of the different phase structures in hafnium oxide ferroelectric thin films by atomic image simulations","authors":"Yilin Xu , Zhen Yuan , Yaru Huang , Yunzhe Zheng , Tianjiao Xin , Cheng Liu , Yonghui Zheng , Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hafnium oxide ferroelectric memory offers non-volatility, low power consumption, fast read-write speed, <1 nm scalability, and CMOS compatibility, making it a promising next-generation nonvolatile memory device. However, because the ferroelectric phase is not thermodynamically stable, hafnium oxide thin film prepared by atomic layer deposition contains several phases with very similar structures. For example, the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases are nearly indistinguishable when the grain size is small using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, challenging its characterization and mechanism study. In this work, the multi-slice algorithm was utilized to simulate atomic scanning transmission electron microscopy images. For the experimental part, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy was employed to acquire high-angle annular dark-field images and annular bright-field images. Based on the results, we proposed that when utilizing specific orientation to distinguish various phases, imaging conditions such as spherical aberration coefficient, tilt angle, film thickness, etc., affect the analysis to some extent. This work lays the foundation for understanding hafnium-based ferroelectric phase structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 411-419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.014
Guoning Bai , Xiaona Wang , Hua Hou , Yuhong Zhao
In Ni-Al-V alloys, the coherency Phase Boundary (PB) between D022-γ"(Ni3V) precipitate phase and matrix, as well as L12-γ′(Ni3Al) phase, plays a significant role in the material's overall properties and performance. Up to now, the integrated interaction between the three phases remains void, since a comprehensive study of their coherency PBs is urgently needed. In this work, the diffusion and segregation behaviors of V atoms during the formation process of D022 phase, as well as the interaction of PBs between D022-γ"(Ni3V) initial crystal core, FCC-matrix, and L12-γ′(Ni3Al) phase, are investigated using first-principles combined with microscopic phase-field. We also calculated the differences in PBs stability for different orientation relationships and analyzed the relationship between atomic arrangement PBs stability from the perspective of V atom interaction with Ni and Al atoms. The results showed that V atoms tended to enrich at PBs, thereby forming the initial core of Ni3V precipitate phase. And from the perspective of energy and electronic structure, the nucleus tends to maintain a orientation relationship with matrix and γ"(Ni3V). D022-γ"(Ni3V) precipitation phase and the new PBs tended to preferentially grow on during nucleation. This work could be beneficial for understanding the initial movement of V atoms and the behaviors of PBs during the early stage of D022-γ"(Ni3V) formation in Ni-based alloys and designing the nickel-based alloys with comprehensively desired performances.
{"title":"Interface stability of γ/γ'/γ\" formed by V atom grain boundary diffusion and segregation in Ni-Al-V alloys","authors":"Guoning Bai , Xiaona Wang , Hua Hou , Yuhong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Ni-Al-V alloys, the coherency Phase Boundary (PB) between D0<sub>22</sub>-γ\"(Ni<sub>3</sub>V) precipitate phase and matrix, as well as L1<sub>2</sub>-γ′(Ni<sub>3</sub>Al) phase, plays a significant role in the material's overall properties and performance. Up to now, the integrated interaction between the three phases remains void, since a comprehensive study of their coherency PBs is urgently needed. In this work, the diffusion and segregation behaviors of V atoms during the formation process of D0<sub>22</sub> phase, as well as the interaction of PBs between D0<sub>22</sub>-γ\"(Ni<sub>3</sub>V) initial crystal core, FCC-matrix, and L1<sub>2</sub>-γ′(Ni<sub>3</sub>Al) phase, are investigated using first-principles combined with microscopic phase-field. We also calculated the differences in PBs stability for different orientation relationships and analyzed the relationship between atomic arrangement PBs stability from the perspective of V atom interaction with Ni and Al atoms. The results showed that V atoms tended to enrich at <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>A</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow></math></span> PBs, thereby forming the initial core of Ni<sub>3</sub>V precipitate phase. And from the perspective of energy and electronic structure, the nucleus tends to maintain a <span><math><mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>i</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>A</mi><mi>l</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></mrow></mrow></math></span> orientation relationship with matrix and γ\"(Ni<sub>3</sub>V). D0<sub>22</sub>-γ\"(Ni<sub>3</sub>V) precipitation phase and the new PBs tended to preferentially grow on <span><math><mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>i</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>001</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mo>/</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>001</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></mrow></math></span> during nucleation. This work could be beneficial for understanding the initial movement of V atoms and the behaviors of PBs during the early stage of D0<sub>22</sub>-γ\"(Ni<sub>3</sub>V) formation in Ni-based alloys and designing the nickel-based alloys with comprehensively desired performances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 322-332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.01.001
Yifan He , Rui Sun , Shengdong Tang , Zilong Xu , Long Hou , Chaohao Hu , Chengying Tang , Yuqin Liu
A novel Fe-Si-B-P-C-Nb alloy system with high soft magnetic properties was designed by machine learning. Firstly, the correlation between the glass formation ability (GFA), saturation magnetic flux density (Bs), and coercivity (Hc) with elemental features were analyzed by feature engineering to determine alloying elements and its ranges using chi-square test, Spearman correlation and feature density analysis. The optimal compositions Fe80.8+xSi0.2B14-xP2.25C2.25Nb0.5 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were then designed by using the Extreme Gradient Boosting decision tree (XGBoost). The designed alloys, their phase and soft magnetic properties were finally prepared, characterized and measured by using the single roller melt spinning, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and DC B-H loop tracer, respectively. It was obtained by the feature engineering analysis that the addition of approximately 12 at.% B and small amounts (<4 at.%) of Nb, C, and P showed a significant positive impact on the GFA, Bs, and Hc. It was indicated that the Fe82.8Si0.2B12P2.25C2.25Nb0.5 amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy obtained by annealing at 712 K for 150 s exhibited soft magnetic properties of 1.67 T and 1.79 T for Bs, 6.4 A/m and 5.2 A/m for Hc, respectively, were in good agreement with the predicted ones.
{"title":"Design and preparation of novel Fe-Si-B-P-C-Nb amorphous /nanocrystalline alloys guided by machine learning","authors":"Yifan He , Rui Sun , Shengdong Tang , Zilong Xu , Long Hou , Chaohao Hu , Chengying Tang , Yuqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel Fe-Si-B-P-C-Nb alloy system with high soft magnetic properties was designed by machine learning. Firstly, the correlation between the glass formation ability (GFA), saturation magnetic flux density (<em>B</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>), and coercivity (<em>H</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>) with elemental features were analyzed by feature engineering to determine alloying elements and its ranges using chi-square test, Spearman correlation and feature density analysis. The optimal compositions Fe<sub>80.8+x</sub>Si<sub>0.2</sub>B<sub>14-x</sub>P<sub>2.25</sub>C<sub>2.25</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub> (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were then designed by using the Extreme Gradient Boosting decision tree (XGBoost). The designed alloys, their phase and soft magnetic properties were finally prepared, characterized and measured by using the single roller melt spinning, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and DC B-H loop tracer, respectively. It was obtained by the feature engineering analysis that the addition of approximately 12 at.% B and small amounts (<4 at.%) of Nb, C, and P showed a significant positive impact on the GFA, <em>B</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>, and <em>H</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>. It was indicated that the Fe<sub>82.8</sub>Si<sub>0.2</sub>B<sub>12</sub>P<sub>2.25</sub>C<sub>2.25</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub> amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy obtained by annealing at 712 K for 150 s exhibited soft magnetic properties of 1.67 T and 1.79 T for <em>B</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>, 6.4 A/m and 5.2 A/m for <em>H</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>, respectively, were in good agreement with the predicted ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 351-358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.008
Mingtao Zhang , Tao Jiang , Yu Su , Zhonggang Sun , Yaxin Xu , Wenya Li
Conventional fusion-based additive manufacturing methods for dissimilar aluminum alloys often face low efficiency and weak interfacial bonding. The rod-feeding-based additive friction stir deposition (R-AFSD) process improves this by achieving metallurgical bonding through recrystallization without melting the material. This work fills a study gap in multilayer deposition of dissimilar aluminum alloys, focusing on bonding mechanisms and optimizing interfacial properties critical for high-performance dissimilar aluminum alloys structures in aerospace applications. This work fabricated a three-layer deposition of 6061-T6, 2024-T6, and 7075-T6 alloys, characterizing material flow and interfacial microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Zn enrichment at the 7075/2024 interface resulted in an average grain size of 0.8 μm, enhancing interfacial strength. Shear tests showed that the 7075/2024 interface had the highest shear strength of 232 MPa, while the 6061/2024 interface exhibited a maximum shear strength of 155 MPa with greater plasticity. The multilayer structure of dissimilar aluminum alloys demonstrates superior performance by integrating the strengths of each alloy. The strategic placement of 6061 in the bottom layer provides corrosion resistance, while 2024 enhances fatigue resistance, and 7075 withstands high loads. This study offers novel insights into R-AFSD for dissimilar aluminum alloy deposition, with significant implications for aerospace applications.
{"title":"Study on the interfacial bonding behavior of dissimilar aluminum alloys via additive friction stir deposition","authors":"Mingtao Zhang , Tao Jiang , Yu Su , Zhonggang Sun , Yaxin Xu , Wenya Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional fusion-based additive manufacturing methods for dissimilar aluminum alloys often face low efficiency and weak interfacial bonding. The rod-feeding-based additive friction stir deposition (R-AFSD) process improves this by achieving metallurgical bonding through recrystallization without melting the material. This work fills a study gap in multilayer deposition of dissimilar aluminum alloys, focusing on bonding mechanisms and optimizing interfacial properties critical for high-performance dissimilar aluminum alloys structures in aerospace applications. This work fabricated a three-layer deposition of 6061-T6, 2024-T6, and 7075-T6 alloys, characterizing material flow and interfacial microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Zn enrichment at the 7075/2024 interface resulted in an average grain size of 0.8 μm, enhancing interfacial strength. Shear tests showed that the 7075/2024 interface had the highest shear strength of 232 MPa, while the 6061/2024 interface exhibited a maximum shear strength of 155 MPa with greater plasticity. The multilayer structure of dissimilar aluminum alloys demonstrates superior performance by integrating the strengths of each alloy. The strategic placement of 6061 in the bottom layer provides corrosion resistance, while 2024 enhances fatigue resistance, and 7075 withstands high loads. This study offers novel insights into R-AFSD for dissimilar aluminum alloy deposition, with significant implications for aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 433-439"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.009
Qinghai Pan , Xinbao Zhao , Wanshun Xia , Quanzhao Yue , Yang Song , Yuefeng Gu , Ze Zhang
The guarantee of microstructure stability of a Ru-containing Ni-based single crystal superalloys (Ni-SXs) is key for prolonging the service life. As a potential substitute for Ru, the effects of Co on microstructures stability of a 4th generation Ni-SXs, including the precipitation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, coarsening of γ′ phase and surface oxidation after heat exposure at 1100 °C, are studied. The results show that Co has dual effects on the precipitation of TCP phases. It is inhibited inside Ni-SXs due to the decrease of concentration in Re, Cr, Mo, and Co in γ matrix. But the inhibition is alleviated to precipitate TCP phase in near-surface microstructures of the Ni-SXs containing 9 wt% Co after consumption of Co addition by the oxide. Therefore, a small amount of TCP phases precipitates in advance at the near-surface of the Ni-SXs. The increase of Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 with Co addition destroys the barrier of the continuous oxidation layer and goes against oxidation resistance. On the contrary, the increase of Co decelerates the coarsening of γ′ phase at internal Ni-SXs, which is conducive to microstructures stability.
{"title":"Dual effects of Co on microstructure stability in a Ru-containing Ni-based single crystal superalloys","authors":"Qinghai Pan , Xinbao Zhao , Wanshun Xia , Quanzhao Yue , Yang Song , Yuefeng Gu , Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The guarantee of microstructure stability of a Ru-containing Ni-based single crystal superalloys (Ni-SXs) is key for prolonging the service life. As a potential substitute for Ru, the effects of Co on microstructures stability of a 4th generation Ni-SXs, including the precipitation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, coarsening of γ′ phase and surface oxidation after heat exposure at 1100 °C, are studied. The results show that Co has dual effects on the precipitation of TCP phases. It is inhibited inside Ni-SXs due to the decrease of concentration in Re, Cr, Mo, and Co in γ matrix. But the inhibition is alleviated to precipitate TCP phase in near-surface microstructures of the Ni-SXs containing 9 wt% Co after consumption of Co addition by the oxide. Therefore, a small amount of TCP phases precipitates in advance at the near-surface of the Ni-SXs. The increase of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with Co addition destroys the barrier of the continuous oxidation layer and goes against oxidation resistance. On the contrary, the increase of Co decelerates the coarsening of γ′ phase at internal Ni-SXs, which is conducive to microstructures stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 313-321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.011
Aleesha Nabhai , Nayomi Z. Plaza , Nathan J. Bechle , Said Abubakr , Mert Atihan , James Springstead , Qingliu Wu , Kecheng Li , Jinghao Li
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a promising technology for converting biomass into high-performance carbon materials, offering potential sustainable solutions for CO2 capture. HTC operates under moderate conditions to produce hydrochar with enhanced porosity and surface functionality ideally suited for CO2 sequestration. Recently developed nitrogen-doped and alkali metal-activated hydrochars have improved adsorption capacities, and CO2 capture capacities up to 320 mg/g, surpassing some traditional materials like zeolites. However, despite its potential to contribute significantly to global efforts seeking to mitigate carbon emissions, HTC faces challenges such as energy consumption and product variability. In this review we explore the fundamental mechanisms of HTC, emphasizing the transformation of wet biomass into porous, carbon-rich materials suitable for adsorption applications. We also discuss the technoeconomic viability of HTC as a scalable and sustainable technology and highlight future research needs aimed at optimizing reaction conditions, synergizing catalysts and solvents, reducing costs, and improving reactor designs that can help pave HTC's role in a low-carbon future.
{"title":"Engineering biomass-derived CO2 capture materials via hydrothermal processes","authors":"Aleesha Nabhai , Nayomi Z. Plaza , Nathan J. Bechle , Said Abubakr , Mert Atihan , James Springstead , Qingliu Wu , Kecheng Li , Jinghao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a promising technology for converting biomass into high-performance carbon materials, offering potential sustainable solutions for CO<sub>2</sub> capture. HTC operates under moderate conditions to produce hydrochar with enhanced porosity and surface functionality ideally suited for CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration. Recently developed nitrogen-doped and alkali metal-activated hydrochars have improved adsorption capacities, and CO<sub>2</sub> capture capacities up to 320 mg/g, surpassing some traditional materials like zeolites. However, despite its potential to contribute significantly to global efforts seeking to mitigate carbon emissions, HTC faces challenges such as energy consumption and product variability. In this review we explore the fundamental mechanisms of HTC, emphasizing the transformation of wet biomass into porous, carbon-rich materials suitable for adsorption applications. We also discuss the technoeconomic viability of HTC as a scalable and sustainable technology and highlight future research needs aimed at optimizing reaction conditions, synergizing catalysts and solvents, reducing costs, and improving reactor designs that can help pave HTC's role in a low-carbon future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 278-295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.006
Chengzhe Yu , Yangbo Wang , Xiaoxing Yuan , Nan Kang , Linda Ke , Changjian Jia , Tiechui Yuan , Ruidi Li
During the additive manufacturing process, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are susceptible to cracking. A specific Al-6.2Mg-1.95Zn-0.6Cu-3Si-0.35Sc-0.15Zr-0.4Mn alloy was developed for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. The addition of Si, Sc, and Zr improved the printability of the Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloy. An excellent tensile strength of 600 MPa and a ratio of yield stress to ultimate stress of 0.75 were obtained. The as-printed sample showed bimodal microstructures with fine equiaxed grains at the molten pool boundary and coarse columnar grains within the melt pool along the vertical direction. Various precipitates, including β-Mg2Si, L12-Al3(Sc, Zr), and η′ were observed, resulting in high-strength aluminum alloys. The mechanism of segregation of Sc, Zn and other alloying elements was revealed by first-principles calculations, and the binding energy of Si-Sc atomic pairs was found to be as high as 0.093 eV/pair at the nearest neighbor distance. The TEM and DFT results revealed that the η′-Mg (Cu1.5Zn0.5) structure, formed by three Cu atoms co-substituting Zn atoms, exhibited the lowest formation energy and represented the most thermodynamically stable η′ phase discussed in this study. This study provided the theoretical foundation for composition modification and precipitation of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu fabricated through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF).
{"title":"Laser powder bed fusion of Al-Mg-Zn-Cu-Si-Sc-Zr alloy synergistically strengthened by Mg2Si, L12-Al3(Sc, Zr), and η′ multiple nano-particles","authors":"Chengzhe Yu , Yangbo Wang , Xiaoxing Yuan , Nan Kang , Linda Ke , Changjian Jia , Tiechui Yuan , Ruidi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the additive manufacturing process, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are susceptible to cracking. A specific Al-6.2Mg-1.95Zn-0.6Cu-3Si-0.35Sc-0.15Zr-0.4Mn alloy was developed for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. The addition of Si, Sc, and Zr improved the printability of the Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloy. An excellent tensile strength of 600 MPa and a ratio of yield stress to ultimate stress of 0.75 were obtained. The as-printed sample showed bimodal microstructures with fine equiaxed grains at the molten pool boundary and coarse columnar grains within the melt pool along the vertical direction. Various precipitates, including β-Mg<sub>2</sub>Si, L1<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr), and η′ were observed, resulting in high-strength aluminum alloys. The mechanism of segregation of Sc, Zn and other alloying elements was revealed by first-principles calculations, and the binding energy of Si-Sc atomic pairs was found to be as high as 0.093 eV/pair at the nearest neighbor distance. The TEM and DFT results revealed that the η′-Mg (Cu<sub>1.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>) structure, formed by three Cu atoms co-substituting Zn atoms, exhibited the lowest formation energy and represented the most thermodynamically stable η′ phase discussed in this study. This study provided the theoretical foundation for composition modification and precipitation of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu fabricated through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 420-432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-strength titanium alloys (HS-TAs), particularly those with an ultimate tensile strength exceeding 1100 MPa, play a crucial role in aerospace and other advanced engineering fields. However, faced with the continuously evolving industrial landscape and increasingly complex application environments, research and development of HS-TAs are encountering unprecedented challenges. This paper provides a review of significant research advancements in the field of HS-TAs in recent years, with a special focus on the latest achievements in microstructural design, processing technology, and strengthening mechanisms. Initially, the paper offers an integrated assessment of how alloying and non-alloying elements precisely control the distribution and morphology of α and β phases at the microscale, and their impact on the mechanical properties of titanium alloys. Subsequently, from the perspectives of plastic deformation and microstructure regulation, the paper delves into the contributions of various mechanisms such as solid-solution strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and precipitation strengthening, to the enhancement of high-strength titanium alloy performance. Additionally, the article compares and analyzes the effects of different heat treatments and mechanical processing techniques on the microstructure and overall performance of HS-TAs. Finally, the paper presents future research directions and potential applications of these alloys in some key areas, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of advanced structural materials with high strength and optimized ductility.
{"title":"A review on microstructure design, processing, and strengthening mechanism of high-strength titanium alloys","authors":"Guanghua Xu , Xinbao Zhao , Wanshun Xia , Quanzhao Yue , Zheshuai Zheng , Yuefeng Gu , Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-strength titanium alloys (HS-TAs), particularly those with an ultimate tensile strength exceeding 1100 MPa, play a crucial role in aerospace and other advanced engineering fields. However, faced with the continuously evolving industrial landscape and increasingly complex application environments, research and development of HS-TAs are encountering unprecedented challenges. This paper provides a review of significant research advancements in the field of HS-TAs in recent years, with a special focus on the latest achievements in microstructural design, processing technology, and strengthening mechanisms. Initially, the paper offers an integrated assessment of how alloying and non-alloying elements precisely control the distribution and morphology of α and β phases at the microscale, and their impact on the mechanical properties of titanium alloys. Subsequently, from the perspectives of plastic deformation and microstructure regulation, the paper delves into the contributions of various mechanisms such as solid-solution strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and precipitation strengthening, to the enhancement of high-strength titanium alloy performance. Additionally, the article compares and analyzes the effects of different heat treatments and mechanical processing techniques on the microstructure and overall performance of HS-TAs. Finally, the paper presents future research directions and potential applications of these alloys in some key areas, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of advanced structural materials with high strength and optimized ductility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 258-277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.01.004
Hongye Ding , Songtao Zhang , Ziming Qiu , Yidan Gao , Yijian Tang , Meng Du , Guangxun Zhang , Yifei Yang , Huan Pang
Phosphates have sparked significant interest as a promising candidate for cathode of supercapacitors due to their large channels, superior conductivity and charge storage capacity. Currently, nitrogen doping is widely employed to achieve customized properties of phosphates. Notably, the construction of bimetallic compounds will remarkably promote redox reactions and improve the cycle stability of the electrode through synergistic effects between the metals. Furthermore, compared to crystalline phases, amorphous materials have the potential to achieve increased specific capacity and cycle stability because of numerous active sites for redox reactions and higher mechanical strength. Herein, a nitrogen-doped bimetallic phosphate Co0.5Ni0.5-NPO·nH2O is proposed, which is converted to the amorphous state (A-Co0.5Ni0.5-NPO) through the calcination process in an oxygen atmosphere. The electrode prepared by A-Co0.5Ni0.5-NPO achieves 134.98 mAh g−1 (at 0.5 A g−1) and outstanding rate capability. Furthermore, A-Co0.5Ni0.5-NPO//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device with a specific capacity of 328 F g−1 (at 0.5 A g−1) and outstanding cycle stability (86.51 % retention after 3000 cycles at 3 A g−1) is constructed. The research provides valuable insights for developing bimetallic phosphates as desirable electrode materials for enhanced energy storage systems.
磷酸盐由于其大通道、优异的导电性和电荷存储能力而成为超级电容器阴极的有前途的候选者，引起了人们的极大兴趣。目前，氮掺杂被广泛用于实现磷酸盐的自定义性能。值得注意的是，双金属化合物的构建将通过金属之间的协同作用显著促进氧化还原反应，提高电极的循环稳定性。此外，与结晶相相比，非晶材料有潜力实现更高的比容量和循环稳定性，因为有许多氧化还原反应的活性位点和更高的机械强度。本文提出了一种氮掺杂的双金属磷酸盐Co0.5Ni0.5-NPO·nH2O，在氧气气氛中通过煅烧过程转化为无定形（a -Co0.5Ni0.5-NPO）。A- co0.5 ni0.5 - npo制备的电极在0.5 A g - 1时可达到134.98 mAh g - 1，具有优异的倍率性能。此外，还构建了a - co0.5 ni0.5 - npo //AC非对称超级电容器（ASC）器件，该器件的比容量为328 F g−1 (0.5 a g−1)，并且具有出色的循环稳定性（在3a g−1下循环3000次后保持86.51%）。该研究为开发双金属磷酸盐作为增强储能系统所需的电极材料提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"3D nitrogen doped bimetallic phosphate superstructure for enhanced electrochemical energy storage","authors":"Hongye Ding , Songtao Zhang , Ziming Qiu , Yidan Gao , Yijian Tang , Meng Du , Guangxun Zhang , Yifei Yang , Huan Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphates have sparked significant interest as a promising candidate for cathode of supercapacitors due to their large channels, superior conductivity and charge storage capacity. Currently, nitrogen doping is widely employed to achieve customized properties of phosphates. Notably, the construction of bimetallic compounds will remarkably promote redox reactions and improve the cycle stability of the electrode through synergistic effects between the metals. Furthermore, compared to crystalline phases, amorphous materials have the potential to achieve increased specific capacity and cycle stability because of numerous active sites for redox reactions and higher mechanical strength. Herein, a nitrogen-doped bimetallic phosphate Co<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>-NPO·nH<sub>2</sub>O is proposed, which is converted to the amorphous state (A-Co<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>-NPO) through the calcination process in an oxygen atmosphere. The electrode prepared by A-Co<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>-NPO achieves 134.98 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> (at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup>) and outstanding rate capability. Furthermore, A-Co<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>-NPO//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device with a specific capacity of 328 F g<sup>−1</sup> (at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup>) and outstanding cycle stability (86.51 % retention after 3000 cycles at 3 A g<sup>−1</sup>) is constructed. The research provides valuable insights for developing bimetallic phosphates as desirable electrode materials for enhanced energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 368-374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.016
Jianqiang Xin , Xinger Liu , Chong He , Wenbin Li , Yuheng Zhang , Ze Wu , Anran Guo
Porous aluminum borate ceramics are ideal candidates for high-temperature thermal insulation applications. In this work, lightweight, high strength and thermal insulating aluminum borate whisker-based porous ceramics with hierarchical pore structure were fabricated by the combination of freeze-gel casting and in situ reaction. The effects of B/Al ratio on the morphology of aluminum borate whiskers and the addition amount of agar on the pore structure and properties of aluminum borate whisker-based porous ceramics were investigated. The aluminum borate whisker-based porous ceramics exhibited a typical hierarchical pore structure, including macro pores formed by the growth of ice crystal in the freeze casting process and micro pores in pore walls formed by the overlapped aluminum borate whiskers generated from the in situ reaction of B4C and Al2O3. Results shows when the B/Al molar ratio was 6:9 and the addition amount of agar was 0.4 g, the resultant aluminum borate whisker-based porous ceramics shows a low density (0.20 g/cm3), high porosity (93.5 %), high compressive strength (4.09 MPa) and low thermal conductivity (0.072 W/(m·K)), which can be regarded as a promising high temperature thermal insulation structural material.
{"title":"Hierarchically porous aluminum borate whisker-based ceramics via freeze-gel casting and in situ reaction","authors":"Jianqiang Xin , Xinger Liu , Chong He , Wenbin Li , Yuheng Zhang , Ze Wu , Anran Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsc.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous aluminum borate ceramics are ideal candidates for high-temperature thermal insulation applications. In this work, lightweight, high strength and thermal insulating aluminum borate whisker-based porous ceramics with hierarchical pore structure were fabricated by the combination of freeze-gel casting and in situ reaction. The effects of B/Al ratio on the morphology of aluminum borate whiskers and the addition amount of agar on the pore structure and properties of aluminum borate whisker-based porous ceramics were investigated. The aluminum borate whisker-based porous ceramics exhibited a typical hierarchical pore structure, including macro pores formed by the growth of ice crystal in the freeze casting process and micro pores in pore walls formed by the overlapped aluminum borate whiskers generated from the in situ reaction of B<sub>4</sub>C and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Results shows when the B/Al molar ratio was 6:9 and the addition amount of agar was 0.4 g, the resultant aluminum borate whisker-based porous ceramics shows a low density (0.20 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), high porosity (93.5 %), high compressive strength (4.09 MPa) and low thermal conductivity (0.072 W/(m·K)), which can be regarded as a promising high temperature thermal insulation structural material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20742,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Natural Science: Materials International","volume":"35 2","pages":"Pages 333-338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号