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The Journal's Progress. 期刊的进步。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1159/000535833
Fiammetta Cosci, Jenny Guidi
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引用次数: 0
Randomization Bias, Multi-Morbidity, and the Composite Clinical Score. 随机化偏差、多病症和综合临床评分。
IF 16.3 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1159/000539522
Ralph I Horwitz, James B Baker, Arnab Ghatak, Mark R Cullen
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Relationship between Adherence to Therapy, Treatment Acceptability, and Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from the COMPAS Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial 探索注意力缺陷/多动障碍成人患者坚持治疗、治疗可接受性与临床结果之间的关系:COMPAS 多中心随机对照试验的结果
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1159/000532043
Carlos López-Pinar, Helena Rosen, B. Selaskowski, Christian Staerk, T. Jans, Wolfgang Retz, Petra Retz-Junginger, M. Roesler, E. Sobanski, Michael Huss, S. Matthies, L. Tebartz van Elst, Mathias Berger, Christian Jacob, Bernhard Kis, Michael Colla, B. Alm, M. Abdel-Hamid, Sonia Martínez-Sanchís, E. Carbonell-Vayá, S. Lux, A. Philipsen
Introduction: Cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can be effective in treating adults with ADHD, and patients generally consider these interventions useful. While adherence, as measured by attendance at sessions, is mostly sufficient, adherence to therapy skills has not been assessed. Furthermore, the relationship between patient evaluation of therapy effectiveness, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes is understudied. Objective: This study aimed to examine treatment acceptability and adherence in relation to treatment outcomes in a large randomized controlled trial comparing a DBT-based intervention with a nonspecific active comparison, combined with methylphenidate or placebo. Method: A total of 433 adult patients with ADHD were randomized. Participants reported how effective they found the therapy, and adherence was measured by attendance at therapy sessions and by self-reports. Descriptive, between-groups, and linear mixed model analyses were conducted. Results: Participants rated psychotherapy as moderately effective, attended 78.40–94.37% of sessions, and used skills regularly. The best-accepted skills were sports and mindfulness. Groups receiving placebo and/or nonspecific clinical management rated their health condition and the medication effectiveness significantly worse than the psychotherapy and methylphenidate groups. Improvements in clinical outcomes were significantly associated with treatment acceptability. Subjective (self-reported) adherence to psychotherapy was significantly associated with improvements in ADHD symptoms, clinical global efficacy and response to treatment. Discussion: These results further support the acceptability of DBT for adult ADHD and suggest the need to address adherence to treatment to maximize clinical improvements. Results may be limited by the retrospective assessment of treatment acceptability and adherence using an ad hoc instrument.
简介:认知行为疗法和辩证行为疗法(DBT认知行为疗法和辩证行为疗法(DBT)可有效治疗成人多动症,患者普遍认为这些干预措施很有用。虽然根据疗程出勤率衡量的依从性基本足够,但对治疗技能的依从性尚未进行评估。此外,患者对治疗效果的评价、治疗依从性和临床结果之间的关系也未得到充分研究。研究目的本研究旨在通过一项大型随机对照试验,比较以 DBT 为基础的干预方法与非特异性的积极对比方法,以及哌醋甲酯或安慰剂,考察治疗的可接受性和依从性与治疗结果之间的关系。研究方法共有 433 名患有多动症的成年患者接受了随机对照试验。参与者报告了他们认为治疗的有效性,并通过治疗课程的出席率和自我报告来衡量坚持治疗的情况。进行了描述性分析、组间分析和线性混合模型分析。结果显示参与者将心理疗法评为中等有效,参加了 78.40%-94.37% 的疗程,并定期使用技能。接受度最高的技能是运动和正念。接受安慰剂和/或非特异性临床管理的组对其健康状况和药物疗效的评价明显低于心理疗法组和哌醋甲酯组。临床结果的改善与治疗的可接受性密切相关。心理治疗的主观(自我报告)依从性与多动症症状的改善、临床总体疗效和对治疗的反应明显相关。讨论这些结果进一步支持了 DBT 治疗成人多动症的可接受性,并表明有必要解决坚持治疗的问题,以最大限度地改善临床症状。结果可能会受到使用临时工具对治疗的可接受性和依从性进行回顾性评估的限制。
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引用次数: 0
The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale and Its Abbreviated Version: A Critical Review of Clinimetric Properties 锥体外系症状评定量表及其缩略版:临床测量特性评述
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1159/000535113
Guy Chouinard, F. Cosci, V. Chouinard, Larry Alphs
Background: The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale – Abbreviated (ESRS-A) is an abbreviated version of the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) with instructions, definitions, and a semi-structured interview that follows clinimetric concepts of measuring clinical symptoms. Similar to the ESRS, the ESRS-A was developed to assess four types of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMD): parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia (TD). Summary: The present review of the literature provides the most relevant clinimetric properties displayed by the ESRS and ESRS-A in clinical studies. Comprehensive ESRS-A definitions, official scale, and basic instructions are provided. ESRS inter-rater reliability was evaluated in two pivotal studies and in multicenter international studies. Inter-rater reliability was high for assessing both antipsychotic-induced movement disorders and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Guidelines were also established for inter-rater reliability and the rater certification processes. The ESRS showed good concurrent validity with 96% agreement between Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) for TD-defined cases and ESRS-defined cases. Similarly, concurrent validity for ESRS-A total and subscores for parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia ranged from good to very good. The ESRS was particularly sensitive for detecting DIMD-related movement differences following treatment with placebo, antipsychotics, and antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic medications. ESRS measurement of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms was shown to discriminate extrapyramidal symptoms from psychiatric symptoms. Key Messages: The ESRS and ESRS-A are valid clinimetric indices for measuring DIMD. They can be valuably implemented in clinical research, particularly in trials testing antipsychotic medications, and in clinics to detect the presence, severity, and response to treatment of movement disorders.
背景:锥体外系症状评定量表-简略版(ESRS- a)是锥体外系症状评定量表(ESRS)的简略版,具有说明、定义和半结构化访谈,遵循测量临床症状的临床计量概念。与ESRS类似,ESRS- a被开发用于评估四种类型的药物性运动障碍(DIMD):帕金森病、静坐症、肌张力障碍和迟发性运动障碍(TD)。摘要:目前的文献综述提供了ESRS和ESRS- a在临床研究中显示的最相关的临床计量学特性。提供了全面的ESRS-A定义,官方规模和基本说明。在两项关键性研究和多中心国际研究中评估了ESRS量表间的可靠性。评估抗精神病药物引起的运动障碍和特发性帕金森病的评分间信度很高。还为评级机构之间的可靠性和评级机构核证程序制定了准则。ESRS显示了良好的并发效度,td定义病例的异常不自主运动量表(AIMS)与ESRS定义病例的一致性为96%。同样,ESRS-A的帕金森病、无运动障碍、肌张力障碍和运动障碍的总分和分值的并发效度范围从好到非常好。在接受安慰剂、抗精神病药物、抗帕金森和抗运动障碍药物治疗后,ESRS对检测与dimd相关的运动差异特别敏感。ESRS测量药物引起的锥体外系症状被证明可以区分锥体外系症状和精神症状。关键信息:ESRS和ESRS- a是测量DIMD的有效临床指标。它们可以在临床研究中有价值地实施,特别是在抗精神病药物的试验中,以及在诊所中检测运动障碍的存在、严重程度和治疗反应。
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引用次数: 0
Front & Back Matter 正面和背面事项
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1159/000531618
J. Guidi, G. Fava, J. Leon
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引用次数: 0
Front & Back Matter 正面和背面
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1159/000531123
J. Guidi, J. Leon
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引用次数: 0
At the head and heart of oxytocin: An RCT investigating stress-regulatory neural and cardiac effects of chronic administration in children with autism 在催产素的头部和心脏:一项研究自闭症儿童长期服用催产素对应激调节神经和心脏影响的随机对照试验
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.23288109
K. Alaerts, N. Daniels, M. Moerkerke, Margaux Evenepoel, Tiffany Tang, S. Van der Donck, V. Chubar, Stephan Claes, Jean Steyaert, Bart Boets, J. Prinsen
Intranasal administration of oxytocin is increasingly explored as a new approach to facilitate social development and reduce disability associated with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In light of the growing number of trials, it is crucial to gain deeper insights into the neuroplastic changes that are induced from multiple-dose, chronic use of oxytocin, over a course of weeks. To date however, the neuromodulatory impact of oxytocin in the pediatric brains remains unknown. Here, we present a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-neuroimaging trial examining the neural effects of a four-week intranasal oxytocin administration regime (12 IU, twice daily) in pre-pubertal school-aged children with ASD (8-12 years, 45 boys, 12 girls). Resting-state fMRI scanning and simultaneous, in-scanner heart rate measurements were assessed before, immediately after and four weeks after the nasal spray administration period. Four weeks of chronic oxytocin administration in children with ASD induced significant reductions in intrinsic functional connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, particularly at the four-week follow-up session, thereby replicating prior observations of neuromodulatory changes in the adult brain. Notably, the observed reductions in amygdala-orbitofrontal connectivity were associated with improved autonomic stress-regulation, indexed by increased high-frequency heart rate variability. Further, oxytocin-related neural and cardiac autonomic effects were significantly modulated by epigenetic modifications of the oxytocin receptor gene, indicating that oxytocin-induced stress-regulatory effects were more pronounced in children with reduced epigenetic methylation, and thus higher oxytocin receptor expression. Finally, whole-brain exploratory functional connectivity analyses also revealed an overall oxytocin-induced enhancing effect on amygdala coupling to regions of the salience network (insula, anterior cingulate cortex), likely reflective of oxytocin-induced (social) salience effects. Together, these observations provide initial insights into the stress-regulatory neural and cardiac effects induced by chronic oxytocin administration in children with ASD, and point toward important epigenetic modulators that may explain inter-individual variations in oxytocin-induced responses.
鼻内给药催产素作为一种促进社会发展和减少与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)诊断相关的残疾的新方法,正被越来越多地探索。鉴于越来越多的试验,深入了解在数周时间内多次、长期使用催产素所引起的神经可塑性变化是至关重要的。然而,到目前为止,催产素对儿童大脑的神经调节作用仍然未知。在这里,我们提出了一项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照的药物-神经影像学试验,研究了在青春期前学龄ASD儿童(8-12岁,45名男孩,12名女孩)中,为期四周的鼻内催产素给药方案(12 IU,每天两次)的神经效应。静息状态fMRI扫描和同时进行的扫描仪内心率测量分别在鼻腔喷雾剂给药前、后和给药后四周进行评估。在ASD儿童中,4周的慢性催产素治疗导致杏仁核和眶额叶皮层之间的内在功能连接显著减少,特别是在4周的随访中,从而复制了先前在成人大脑中观察到的神经调节变化。值得注意的是,观察到的杏仁核-眼窝额叶连通性的减少与自主应激调节的改善有关,这与高频心率变异性的增加有关。此外,催产素相关的神经和心脏自主神经作用被催产素受体基因的表观遗传修饰显著调节,这表明催产素诱导的应激调节作用在表观遗传甲基化降低的儿童中更为明显,因此催产素受体表达更高。最后,全脑探索性功能连通性分析也揭示了催产素诱导的杏仁核与突出网络区域(脑岛、前扣带皮层)耦合的整体增强效应,这可能反映了催产素诱导的(社会)突出效应。总之,这些观察结果为ASD儿童慢性催产素治疗诱导的应激调节神经和心脏效应提供了初步见解,并指出了重要的表观遗传调节剂,可以解释催产素诱导的反应的个体间差异。
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引用次数: 0
Guidelines Circulated for the Prescription of Benzodiazepines Are Out of Synch with Clinical Practice and Evidence-Based Reviews. 苯二氮卓类药物处方指南与临床实践和循证评价不同步。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000527817
David Fogelson
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引用次数: 2
Illness Denial in Medical Conditions: The Time Has Come to Include It in DSM Iterations. 医疗条件中的疾病否认:将其纳入 DSM 版本的时机已到。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1159/000533287
Thomas N Wise
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal Development of Symptoms and Staging in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology: A Tribute to Giovanni Fava. 精神病学和临床心理学中症状和分期的纵向发展:向Giovanni Fava致敬。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000527462
Ulrich Schnyder
The introduction of diagnostic manuals, such as the first mention of mental disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-6) in 1948 [1] and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1952 [2], was a big step forward in the fields of psychiatry and clinical psychology. The operationalization of diagnostic criteria for mental disorders such as depression or schizophrenia, which lacked characteristic morphological features or laboratory biomarkers, greatly increased the reliability of clinicians’ diagnoses and their capacity to communicate with one another. However, those classifications were based on a cross-sectional view and informed clinicians, researchers, patients, and their relatives only little about the expected longitudinal course and development of a mental disorder. More specifically, cross-sectional diagnostics did not inform about trajectories of symptom severity over time, individual characteristics and combinations of symptoms, or comorbidities. Such elements are important when it comes to developing a sequential treatment plan and adjusting it as illness characteristics and symptom levels change over time. As early as 1967, Feinstein encouraged clinicians to develop their own “basic science” to use clinical phenomena and data to generate classification systems and to ultimately analyze the clinical process quantitatively [3]. Feinstein appears to have been a lone voice calling in the wilderness at that time though.
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
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