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Patients as Health Producers: The Psychosomatic Foundation of Lifestyle Medicine. 作为健康生产者的病人:生活方式医学的心身基础。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000529953
Giovanni A Fava
N/A.
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引用次数: 4
Virtual Reality Exposure to a Healthy Weight Body Is a Promising Adjunct Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa. 虚拟现实暴露于健康体重的身体是一种有希望的神经性厌食症辅助治疗。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000530932
Simone C Behrens, Joachim Tesch, Philine J B Sun, Sebastian Starke, Michael J Black, Hannah Schneider, Jacopo Pruccoli, Stephan Zipfel, Katrin E Giel

Introduction/objective: Treatment results of anorexia nervosa (AN) are modest, with fear of weight gain being a strong predictor of treatment outcome and relapse. Here, we present a virtual reality (VR) setup for exposure to healthy weight and evaluate its potential as an adjunct treatment for AN.

Methods: In two studies, we investigate VR experience and clinical effects of VR exposure to higher weight in 20 women with high weight concern or shape concern and in 20 women with AN.

Results: In study 1, 90% of participants (18/20) reported symptoms of high arousal but verbalized low to medium levels of fear. Study 2 demonstrated that VR exposure to healthy weight induced high arousal in patients with AN and yielded a trend that four sessions of exposure improved fear of weight gain. Explorative analyses revealed three clusters of individual reactions to exposure, which need further exploration.

Conclusions: VR exposure is a well-accepted and powerful tool for evoking fear of weight gain in patients with AN. We observed a statistical trend that repeated virtual exposure to healthy weight improved fear of weight gain with large effect sizes. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms and differential effects.

简介/目的:神经性厌食症(AN)的治疗效果一般,对体重增加的恐惧是治疗结果和复发的一个强有力的预测因素。在这里,我们提出了一个虚拟现实(VR)设置暴露于健康体重,并评估其作为an辅助治疗的潜力。方法:在两项研究中,我们调查了20名高度体重或身材担忧的女性和20名AN女性的VR体验和VR暴露于更高体重的临床效果。结果:在研究1中,90%的参与者(18/20)报告了高度兴奋的症状,但口头表达了低到中等程度的恐惧。研究2表明,VR暴露在健康体重下会引起AN患者的高唤醒,并产生了一种趋势,即四次暴露可以改善对体重增加的恐惧。探索性分析揭示了三组个体对暴露的反应,这需要进一步的探索。结论:VR暴露是引起AN患者体重增加恐惧的一种被广泛接受的强大工具。我们观察到一种统计趋势,即重复虚拟暴露于健康体重的环境中,可以改善对体重增加的恐惧,而且效果显著。需要进一步的研究来确定其机制和差异效应。
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引用次数: 3
The Effects of Mindfulness for Youth (MYmind) versus Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Improving Attention and Reducing Behavioral Problems among Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Parents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 青少年正念疗法(MYmind)与群体认知行为疗法在改善注意缺陷多动障碍儿童及其父母的注意力和减少行为问题中的作用:一项随机对照试验。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1159/000534962
Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, Stanley Kam Chung Chan, Benjamin Hon Kei Yip, Wenyue Wang, Herman Hay Ming Lo, Dexing Zhang, Susan M Bögels

Introduction: There is a lack of studies evaluating mindfulness-based interventions for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with an evidence-based control. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effects of mindfulness for youth (MYmind) in improving children's attention, behavior, and parent-related outcomes versus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Methods: A total of 138 families of children with ADHD aged 8-12 years were recruited from the community with 69 randomized to MYmind and 69 to CBT. Participants were assessed at baseline, immediately after intervention, at 3 months and 6 months. The primary outcome was the attention score of the Sky Search subtest of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch). Secondary outcomes were child behavior and parent-related assessments. Linear mixed models were used to assess the efficacy of MYmind compared with CBT.

Results: Both MYmind and CBT significantly improved children's attention score at 6 months (MYmind: β = 1.48, p = 0.013, Cohen's d = 0.32; CBT: β = 1.46, p = 0.008, d = 0.27). There were significant within-group improvements in most secondary outcomes. No significant difference was shown for both primary or secondary outcomes between the two arms at any time point.

Conclusions: Both MYmind and CBT appeared to improve children's attention and behavior outcomes, although no difference was found between these two interventions. This is the largest RCT so far comparing MYmind and CBT although there was loss of follow-up assessments during the pandemic. Further RCTs adopting a non-inferiority design are needed to validate the results.

前言:目前还缺乏评估正念干预对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)与循证对照的研究。这项随机对照试验(RCT)评估了青少年正念(MYmind)与认知行为疗法(CBT)相比,在改善儿童注意力、行为和父母相关结果方面的效果。方法:从社区中招募138个8-12岁ADHD儿童家庭,其中69个随机分为MYmind组,69个随机分为CBT组。参与者在基线、干预后立即、3个月和6个月时进行评估。主要结果为儿童日常注意力测试(TEA-Ch)的天空搜索子测试的注意得分。次要结果是儿童行为和父母相关的评估。采用线性混合模型评估MYmind与CBT的疗效。结果:MYmind和CBT均能显著改善儿童6个月时的注意力评分(MYmind: β = 1.48, p = 0.013, Cohen’s d = 0.32;CBT: β = 1.46, p = 0.008, d = 0.27)。组内大多数次要结果均有显著改善。两组在任何时间点的主要或次要结局均无显著差异。结论:MYmind和CBT似乎都能改善儿童的注意力和行为结果,尽管这两种干预措施之间没有发现差异。这是迄今为止比较MYmind和CBT的最大的随机对照试验,尽管在大流行期间失去了后续评估。需要进一步采用非劣效性设计的随机对照试验来验证结果。
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引用次数: 0
Brief Psychotherapeutic Intervention Compared with Treatment as Usual for Adolescents with Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Outcomes over a 2-4-Year Follow-Up. 非自杀性自伤青少年的简短心理治疗干预与常规治疗的比较:2-4年随访的结果。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1159/000531092
Franziska Rockstroh, Alexandra Edinger, Johannes Josi, Romuald Brunner, Franz Resch, Michael Kaess

Introduction: The "Cutting Down Programme" (CDP), a brief psychotherapeutic intervention for treating nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents, was comparable to high-quality treatment as usual (TAU) in a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the CDP over up to 4 years.

Methods: Assessments of NSSI, suicide attempts, borderline personality disorder (BPD), depression, and quality of life took place 2 to 4 years (T3) after enrollment in a RCT. The evolution of NSSI, suicide attempts, depression, and quality of life was analyzed using (generalized) linear mixed-effects models. Ordered logistic regression was used for analyzing BPD diagnoses. Data from T0, T2, and T3 are reported.

Results: Out of 74 patients, 70 (95%) were included in the T3 assessment. The frequency of NSSI events alongside with suicide attempts and depression further decreased between T2 and T3 and BPD between T0 and T3 in both groups. Quality of life remained stable in both groups between T2 and T3. Both groups received substantial but comparable additional treatment between T2 and T3. More treatment sessions during the follow-up period were linked to larger improvements of NSSI.

Conclusions: The CDP was found to be as effective as TAU in promoting recovery from NSSI and comorbid symptoms in the long term. Results suggest that treatment effects from a brief psychotherapeutic intervention may endure and even further improve after completion of the program. However, additional treatment seems to improve chances for recovery independent from CDP versus TAU.

引言:“减少计划”(CDP)是一种治疗青少年非自杀性自伤(NSSI)的简短心理治疗干预措施,与之前的随机对照试验(RCT)中的高质量照常治疗(TAU)相当。目的:本研究的目的是评估CDP在长达4年内的长期结果。方法:纳入随机对照试验后2-4年(T3),对NSSI、自杀未遂、边缘型人格障碍(BPD)、抑郁和生活质量进行评估。使用(广义)线性混合效应模型分析NSSI、自杀未遂、抑郁和生活质量的演变。采用有序逻辑回归分析BPD诊断。报告了T0、T2和T3的数据。结果:在74名患者中,70名(95%)患者被纳入T3评估。在T2和T3之间,NSSI事件以及自杀未遂和抑郁的频率进一步降低,在T0和T3之间BPD的频率进一步下降。两组患者的生活质量在T2和T3之间保持稳定。在T2和T3之间,两组都接受了实质性但相当的额外治疗。在随访期间,更多的治疗疗程与NSSI的更大改善有关。结论:从长远来看,CDP在促进NSSI和合并症症状的恢复方面与TAU一样有效。结果表明,短期心理治疗干预的治疗效果可能会持续,甚至在项目完成后进一步改善。然而,与TAU相比,额外的治疗似乎可以提高独立于CDP的恢复机会。
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引用次数: 0
More Treatment, but Not Less Anxiety and Mood Disorders: Why? Seven Hypotheses and Their Evaluation. 更多的治疗,但没有减少焦虑和情绪障碍:为什么?七个假设及其评价。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000528544
Johan Ormel, Paul M G Emmelkamp
Mood and anxiety disorders are not only common and responsible for much functional disability [1], but epidemiological studies also indicate that their prevalence, circa 10% in Western countries, has not fallen since the 1970s despite the development of evidence-based treatments [2–8]. Prevalence refers to the percentage of adults in the general population that meet diagnostic criteria in a defined period, usually the 30 days (point prevalence) or 12 months (12-month prevalence) preceding the examination irrespective of possible earlier episodes. In sharp contrast, multiple studies have documented substantial increases in expenditures on mental health care and in treatment rates in Western countries [9–15]. The evidence on increased treatment rates comes from both general practice [16–18], nation-wide morbidity registrations [19, 20], and repeated population-based surveys [8, 21]. The treatment rate increase was bolstered by the introduction of a new class of drugs in the 1980s, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, aggressively marketed by Big Pharma [22]. In addition, a number of evidence-based psychological treatments became available for people with mood and anxiety disorders. The trend data on prevalence and treatment rate reveal a remarkable paradox: more treatment but not less disorders, the treatment-prevalence paradox. The expectation to see a declining trend in the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders with an increasing trend in treatment is not unfounded. Treatment seeks to shorten illness episodes, prevent worsening and the development of comorbidity, reduce relapses and curtail recurrences. If effective, increased treatment rates should result in lower prevalence rates in the general population, but this prevalence reduction has not occurred. The increase in the use of statins has led to significant reduction in population cholesterol levels [23]. Likewise, more and better treatment of hypertension has led to less hypertension and associated illness such as heart attacks and strokes illness [24, 25]. At least seven hypotheses can explain why more and better treatments have not reduced common mental disorder prevalence: 1. Increased willingness of individuals to report symptoms and pressures to diagnose distress as anxiety or depression has inflated prevalence rates and masked a true treatment-driven prevalence drop (further: diagnostic inflation).
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引用次数: 1
Implementing the Biopsychosocial Model in Clinical Medicine: A Tribute to Giovanni Fava. 在临床医学中实施生物心理社会模型:对Giovanni Fava的致敬。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000528451
Stephan Zipfel, Bernd Löwe, Katrin Giel, Hans-Christoph Friederich, Peter Henningsen
aDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; bDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center HamburgEppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; cDepartment of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; dDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Received: October 28, 2022 Accepted: November 24, 2022 Published online: December 23, 2022
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引用次数: 3
Maternal Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs Use during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Offspring: A Population-Based Cohort Study. 妊娠期间母体苯二氮卓类药物和z类药物的使用、不良出生和后代神经发育结局:一项基于人群的队列研究。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000529141
Adrienne Y L Chan, Le Gao, Louise M Howard, Emily Simonoff, Dave Coghill, Patrick Ip, Wallis C Y Lau, Katja Taxis, Ian C K Wong, Kenneth K C Man

Introduction: The use of benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs in women of childbearing age has increased.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether gestational benzodiazepine and/or z-drug exposure is associated with adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Methods: A population-based cohort including mother-child pairs from 2001 to 2018 in Hong Kong was analysed to compare gestationally exposed and nonexposed children on the risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through logistic/Cox proportional hazards regression with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sibling-matched analyses and negative control analyses were applied.

Results: When comparing gestationally exposed with gestationally nonexposed children, the weighted odds ratio (wOR) was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.97-1.25) for preterm birth and 1.03 (95% CI = 0.76-1.39) for small for gestational age, while the weighted hazard ratio (wHR) was 1.40 (95% CI = 1.13-1.73) for ASD and 1.15 (95% CI = 0.94-1.40) for ADHD. Sibling-matched analyses showed no association between gestationally exposed children and their gestationally nonexposed siblings for all outcomes (preterm birth: wOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.66-1.06; small for gestational age: wOR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.50-2.09; ASD: wHR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.70-1.72; ADHD: wHR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.57-1.90). Similarly, no significant differences were observed when comparing children whose mothers took benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs during pregnancy to children whose mothers took benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs before but not during pregnancy for all outcomes.

Conclusions: The findings do not support a causal relationship between gestational benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs exposure and preterm birth, small for gestational age, ASD, or ADHD. Clinicians and pregnant women should carefully balance the known risks of benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs use against those of untreated anxiety and sleep problems.

导读:育龄妇女苯二氮卓类药物和/或z类药物的使用有所增加。目的:本研究的目的是评估妊娠期苯二氮卓类药物和/或z-药物暴露是否与不良出生和神经发育结局相关。方法:通过logistic/Cox比例风险回归,以95%置信区间(CI)对香港2001年至2018年的一项基于人群的母婴队列进行分析,比较妊娠暴露和未暴露儿童早产、小胎龄、自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的风险。采用兄弟姐妹配对分析和阴性对照分析。结果:当比较妊娠期暴露与妊娠期未暴露儿童时,早产儿的加权优势比(wOR)为1.10 (95% CI = 0.97-1.25),小胎龄儿童的加权优势比(wOR)为1.03 (95% CI = 0.76-1.39),而ASD的加权风险比(wHR)为1.40 (95% CI = 1.13-1.73), ADHD的加权风险比(wHR)为1.15 (95% CI = 0.94-1.40)。兄弟姐妹配对分析显示,妊娠期暴露的儿童与其妊娠期未暴露的兄弟姐妹在所有结局中均无关联(早产:wOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.66-1.06;胎龄小:wOR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.50-2.09;ASD: wHR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.70-1.72;ADHD: wHR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.57-1.90)。同样,将母亲在怀孕期间服用苯二氮卓类药物和/或z-药物的儿童与母亲在怀孕前服用苯二氮卓类药物和/或z-药物的儿童进行比较,在所有结果中没有观察到显著差异。结论:研究结果不支持妊娠期苯二氮卓类药物和/或z类药物暴露与早产、小于胎龄、ASD或ADHD之间的因果关系。临床医生和孕妇应仔细权衡苯二氮卓类药物和/或z类药物的已知风险与未经治疗的焦虑和睡眠问题的风险。
{"title":"Maternal Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs Use during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Offspring: A Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Adrienne Y L Chan,&nbsp;Le Gao,&nbsp;Louise M Howard,&nbsp;Emily Simonoff,&nbsp;Dave Coghill,&nbsp;Patrick Ip,&nbsp;Wallis C Y Lau,&nbsp;Katja Taxis,&nbsp;Ian C K Wong,&nbsp;Kenneth K C Man","doi":"10.1159/000529141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs in women of childbearing age has increased.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate whether gestational benzodiazepine and/or z-drug exposure is associated with adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based cohort including mother-child pairs from 2001 to 2018 in Hong Kong was analysed to compare gestationally exposed and nonexposed children on the risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through logistic/Cox proportional hazards regression with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sibling-matched analyses and negative control analyses were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When comparing gestationally exposed with gestationally nonexposed children, the weighted odds ratio (wOR) was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.97-1.25) for preterm birth and 1.03 (95% CI = 0.76-1.39) for small for gestational age, while the weighted hazard ratio (wHR) was 1.40 (95% CI = 1.13-1.73) for ASD and 1.15 (95% CI = 0.94-1.40) for ADHD. Sibling-matched analyses showed no association between gestationally exposed children and their gestationally nonexposed siblings for all outcomes (preterm birth: wOR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.66-1.06; small for gestational age: wOR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.50-2.09; ASD: wHR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.70-1.72; ADHD: wHR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.57-1.90). Similarly, no significant differences were observed when comparing children whose mothers took benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs during pregnancy to children whose mothers took benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs before but not during pregnancy for all outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings do not support a causal relationship between gestational benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs exposure and preterm birth, small for gestational age, ASD, or ADHD. Clinicians and pregnant women should carefully balance the known risks of benzodiazepines and/or z-drugs use against those of untreated anxiety and sleep problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":"92 2","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9594282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Antidepressants and Social Functioning in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled RCTs. 重度抑郁症患者的抗抑郁药和社会功能:双盲安慰剂对照随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1159/000533494
Stefanie Kremer, Teresa Wiesinger, Tom Bschor, Christopher Baethge

Introduction: Social functioning (SF) is the ability to fulfil one's social obligations and a key outcome in treatment.

Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the effects of antidepressants on SF in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: This meta-analysis and its reporting are based on Cochrane Collaboration's Handbook of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and PRISMA guidelines (protocol registration at OSF). We systematically searched CENTRAL, Medline, PubMed Central, and PsycINFO for double-blind RCTs comparing antidepressants with placebo and reporting on SF. We computed standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs and prediction intervals.

Results: We selected 40 RCTs out of 1,188 records screened, including 16,586 patients (mean age 46.8 years, 64.2% women). In 27 studies investigating patients with MDD (primary depression), antidepressants resulted in a SMD of 0.25 compared to placebo ([95% CI: 0.21; 0.30] I2: 39%). In 13 trials with patients suffering from MDD comorbid with physical conditions or disorders, the summary estimate was 0.24 ([0.10; 0.37] I2: 75%). In comorbid depression, studies with high/uncertain risk of bias had higher SMDs than low-risk studies: 0.29 [0.13; 0.44] versus 0.04 [-0.16; 0.24]; no such effect was evident in primary depression. There was no indication of sizeable reporting bias. SF efficacy correlated with efficacy on depression scores, Spearman's rho 0.67 (p < 0.001), and QoL, 0.63 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The effect of antidepressants on SF is small, similar to its effect on depressive symptoms in primary MDD, and doubtful in comorbid depression. Strong correlations with both antidepressive and QoL effects suggest overlap among domains.

引言:社会功能(SF)是履行社会义务的能力,也是治疗的关键结果。目的:本研究旨在评估抗抑郁药对重度抑郁障碍(MDD)患者SF的影响。方法:本荟萃分析及其报告基于Cochrane Collaboration的《系统评价和荟萃分析手册》和PRISMA指南(在OSF注册)。我们系统地搜索了CENTRAL、Medline、PubMed CENTRAL和PsycINFO的双盲随机对照试验,比较了抗抑郁药和安慰剂,并报告了SF。我们计算了95%置信区间和预测区间的标准化平均差(SMD)。结果:我们从1188份筛查记录中选择了40份随机对照试验,其中16586名患者(平均年龄46.8岁,64.2%为女性)。在27项调查MDD(原发性抑郁症)患者的研究中,与安慰剂相比,抗抑郁药的SMD为0.25([95%CI:0.21;0.30]I2:39%)。在13项患有MDD合并身体状况或疾病的患者的试验中,总估计值为0.24([0.10;0.37]I2:75%)。在共病抑郁症中,具有高/不确定偏倚风险的研究的SMD高于低风险研究:0.29[0.13;0.44]对0.04[0.16;0.24];在原发性抑郁症中没有明显的这种作用。没有迹象表明报告存在相当大的偏见。SF疗效与抑郁评分的疗效相关,Spearman的rho 0.67(p<0.001)和QoL 0.63(p<001)。结论:抗抑郁药对SF的影响很小,与它对原发性MDD抑郁症状的影响相似,在共病抑郁症中值得怀疑。与抗抑郁和生活质量效应的强相关性表明领域之间存在重叠。
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引用次数: 0
At the Head and Heart of Oxytocin's Stress-Regulatory Neural and Cardiac Effects: A Chronic Administration RCT in Children with Autism. 催产素应激调节神经和心脏作用的头部和心脏:自闭症儿童的慢性给药随机对照试验。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1159/000534114
Kaat Alaerts, Nicky Daniels, Matthijs Moerkerke, Margaux Evenepoel, Tiffany Tang, Stephanie Van der Donck, Viktoria Chubar, Stephan Claes, Jean Steyaert, Bart Boets, Jellina Prinsen

Introduction: Intranasal administration of oxytocin presents a promising new approach to reduce disability associated with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Previous investigations have emphasized the amygdala as the neural foundation for oxytocin's acute effects. However, to fully understand oxytocin's therapeutic potential, it is crucial to gain insight into the neuroplastic changes in amygdala circuitry induced from chronic oxytocin administrations, particularly in pediatric populations.

Objective: We aimed to examine the impact of a 4-week course of intranasal oxytocin on amygdala functional connectivity in children with autism, compared to placebo. Additionally, we investigated whether oxytocin improves cardiac autonomic arousal, as indexed by high-frequency heart rate variability.

Methods: Fifty-seven children with autism aged 8-12 years (45 boys, 12 girls) participated in a double-blind, randomized pharmaco-neuroimaging trial involving twice-daily administrations of intranasal oxytocin or placebo. Resting-state fMRI scans and simultaneous, in-scanner heart rate recordings were obtained before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after the nasal spray administration period.

Results: Significant reductions in intrinsic amygdala-orbitofrontal connectivity were observed, particularly at the 4-week follow-up session. These reductions were correlated with improved social symptoms and lower cardiac autonomic arousal. Further, oxytocin's neural and cardiac autonomic effects were modulated by epigenetic modifications of the oxytocin receptor gene. The effects were more pronounced in children with reduced epigenetic methylation, signifying heightened expression of the oxytocin receptor.

Conclusion: These findings underscore that a 4-week oxytocin administration course decreases amygdala connectivity and improves cardiac autonomic balance. Epigenetic modulators may explain inter-individual variation in responses to oxytocin.

引言:经鼻给予催产素是一种很有前途的新方法,可以减少与自闭症谱系障碍诊断相关的残疾。先前的研究强调杏仁核是催产素急性作用的神经基础。然而,为了充分了解催产素的治疗潜力,深入了解长期使用催产素引起的杏仁核回路的神经可塑性变化至关重要,尤其是在儿科人群中。目的:与安慰剂相比,我们旨在研究为期4周的鼻内催产素疗程对自闭症儿童杏仁核功能连接的影响。此外,我们还研究了催产素是否能改善心脏自主神经唤醒,这是以高频心率变异性为指标的。方法:57名8-12岁的自闭症儿童(45名男孩,12名女孩)参加了一项双盲、随机的药物神经成像试验,每天两次鼻内注射催产素或安慰剂。在鼻喷雾剂给药前、给药后立即和给药后4周获得静息状态fMRI扫描和同时的扫描内心率记录。结果:观察到杏仁核眶额固有连接显著降低,尤其是在4周的随访中。这些减少与社会症状的改善和心脏自主神经觉醒的降低有关。此外,催产素受体基因的表观遗传学修饰调节了催产素的神经和心脏自主作用。这种影响在表观遗传学甲基化减少的儿童中更为明显,这意味着催产素受体的表达增加。结论:这些发现强调了为期4周的催产素给药过程会降低杏仁核连接,改善心脏自主神经平衡。表观遗传学调节剂可能解释个体对催产素反应的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Psychological Interventions for Adult Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Are Effective Irrespective of Concurrent Psychotropic Medication Intake: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 心理干预对成人创伤后应激障碍是有效的,与同时服用精神药物无关:一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析。
IF 22.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000527850
Thole H Hoppen, Nexhmedin Morina

Background: Participants are allowed to stay on their prescribed psychotropic medication in most trials examining psychological interventions for adult post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objectives: We aimed to conduct the first meta-analysis investigating the potential influence of such concurrent medication on efficacy.

Method: To this end, we searched Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PTSDpubs from inception to April 21, 2022, for trials meeting the following criteria: (1) randomized controlled trial (RCT), (2) PTSD as primary treatment focus, (3) interview-based PTSD baseline rate ≥70%, (4) N ≥ 20, (5) mean age ≥18 years. Trials were excluded when intake of psychotropics was not (sufficiently) reported.

Results: Most published trials did not report on the intake of psychotropic medication. A total of 75 RCTs (N = 4,901 patients) met inclusion criteria. Trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT) was the most well-researched intervention. Short-term efficacy of psychological treatments did not differ by the proportion of participants taking concurrent psychotropic medication during psychological treatment in all but one analysis. In trials comparing TF-CBT and active control conditions at posttreatment, TF-CBT was more effective when most participants were concurrently medicated (g = 0.87, 95% CI 0.53-1.22) rather than unmedicated (g = 0.27; 95% CI 0.01-0.54, p = 0.017), with younger age (b1 = -0.04, p = 0.008) and higher proportion of females (b1 = 0.01, p = 0.014) being associated with higher efficacy only in trials with high proportions of medicated participants. No differences in efficacy by proportions of participants taking concurrent psychotropic medication were found at follow-up.

Conclusions: Results suggest that psychological interventions are effective for PTSD irrespective of concurrent intake of psychotropics.

背景:在大多数检查成人创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)心理干预的试验中,参与者被允许继续服用处方精神药物。目的:我们的目的是进行第一次荟萃分析,调查这种同时用药对疗效的潜在影响。方法:为此,我们检索Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science和ptsdbars,从成立到2022年4月21日,满足以下标准的试验:(1)随机对照试验(RCT),(2)创伤后应激障碍作为主要治疗重点,(3)基于访谈的创伤后应激障碍基线率≥70%,(4)N≥20,(5)平均年龄≥18岁。当精神药物的摄入没有(充分)报道时,试验被排除。结果:大多数已发表的试验没有报道精神药物的摄入。共有75项rct (N = 4,901例患者)符合纳入标准。以创伤为中心的认知行为疗法(TF-CBT)是研究最充分的干预手段。除一项分析外,心理治疗的短期疗效并没有因参与者在心理治疗期间同时服用精神药物的比例而有所不同。在比较治疗后TF-CBT和主动对照条件的试验中,当大多数参与者同时用药时(g = 0.87, 95% CI 0.53-1.22), TF-CBT比未用药时更有效(g = 0.27;95% CI 0.01-0.54, p = 0.017),只有在药物参与者比例高的试验中,较年轻的年龄(b1 = -0.04, p = 0.008)和较高的女性比例(b1 = 0.01, p = 0.014)与较高的疗效相关。在随访中没有发现同时服用精神药物的参与者比例的疗效差异。结论:结果表明心理干预对创伤后应激障碍是有效的,与同时服用精神药物无关。
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Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
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