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Altered neural reward activation predicts clinical depression improvement after a novel loving-kindness meditation: a multimodal neuroimaging study 一项多模态神经成像研究表明,在一种新颖的仁爱冥想后,改变的神经奖励激活可以预测临床抑郁症的改善
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112059
Zhaohua Chen , Chun Cui , Xiaoxiao Sun , Wenjun Xiang , Fei Liang , Qin Dai

Objective

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become the second largest risk factor affecting human health, with a progress in its treatment especially non-pharmacological therapies. The loving-kindness meditation (LKM) has been introduced to depression but is not popular due to requirement on awareness and concentration, and its utilization in clinical MDD is absent as well as exploration on neural mechanism. This study aims to develop a more feasible novel therapy—loving-kindness meditation integrating cognition and behavior (LKM-CB), examine its effect on clinical depression, and further explore its neural mechanism by multimodal neuroimaging.

Method

In study 1, the knowledge about love and the behavior of love were integrated into the LKM to form a LKM-CB, to better activate patients with cognitive and behavioral approach. It was further utilized to 30 MDD patients (31 controls). Study 2 further explored the neural mechanism behind the LKM-CB with 16 MDD patients, who underwent a structural MRI, resting-state fMRI, and reward card-guessing task fMRI before and after the LKM-CB.

Results

Study 1 developed a novel 8-week LKM-CB and found that compared with control group, LKM-CB significantly improved clinical depression in intervention group. Study 2 further showed that after LKM-CB intervention, patients showed lower activation in frontal-striatum especially middle orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate (AC) and insula for win and neutral outcome and anticipation following a loss feedback, while they showed higher activation in frontal-striatum including medial/middle-OFC and hippocampus for loss outcome and anticipation following a win feedback. Similar increased ALFF activation and grey matter in frontal cortex was also found. In contrast, patients showed higher activation in non-reward temporal-occipital cortex for loss and neutral outcome and anticipation following a loss feedback, while they showed decreased temporal-occipital ALFF activation and grey matter.

Conclusions

This study develops a novel LKM-CB, which is effective in improving clinical depression. After the LKM-CB, there is dissociation in the neural reward activation pattern between reward anticipation (hyperactivation) and reward outcome (hypoactivation), and a hypoactivation in non-reward temporal-occipital cortex. This study provides a new feasible LKM-CB for non-pharmacological therapy of MDD, and to our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the neural mechanism behind the efficacy of LKM in depression therapy.
目的重度抑郁症(MDD)已成为影响人类健康的第二大危险因素,其治疗特别是非药物治疗取得了进展。慈心冥想(LKM)已被引入抑郁症治疗,但由于对意识和专注的要求而不受欢迎,其在临床重度抑郁症中的应用以及对神经机制的探索也较少。本研究旨在探索一种更可行的新疗法——认知与行为整合的仁爱冥想(LKM-CB),研究其对临床抑郁症的影响,并通过多模态神经影像学进一步探讨其神经机制。方法研究1将爱的知识和爱的行为整合到LKM中,形成LKM- cb,以更好地激活患者的认知和行为途径。进一步应用于30例重度抑郁症患者(31例对照)。研究2进一步探讨了LKM-CB背后的神经机制,16名重度抑郁症患者在LKM-CB前后分别进行了结构MRI、静息状态fMRI和猜奖卡任务fMRI检查。结果研究1建立了一种新的8周LKM-CB,与对照组相比,干预组的临床抑郁症状明显改善。研究2进一步表明,LKM-CB干预后,患者额纹状体特别是中眶额皮质(OFC)、前扣带(AC)和脑岛在输球反馈后的输球和中性结果和预期方面的激活降低,而额纹状体包括中眶额皮质(OFC)和海马在输球反馈后的输球结果和预期方面的激活提高。额叶皮层的ALFF激活和灰质也出现了类似的增加。相比之下,患者在失忆和中性结果以及失忆反馈后的预期中表现出更高的非奖励颞枕皮质激活,而他们表现出颞枕ALFF激活和灰质减少。结论本研究开发了一种新型的LKM-CB,可有效改善临床抑郁症。LKM-CB后,神经奖赏激活模式在奖赏预期(高激活)和奖赏结果(低激活)之间存在分离,并且在非奖赏的颞枕皮层存在低激活。本研究为MDD的非药物治疗提供了一种新的可行的LKM- cb,据我们所知,这是首次探索LKM治疗抑郁症疗效背后的神经机制的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroanatomical subtyping for schizophrenia with machine learning 用机器学习进行精神分裂症的神经解剖学分型
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112058
Ibrahim Sungur , Simay Selek , Kaan Keskin , Asli Ceren Hinc , Furkan Yazici , Elif Ozge Aktas , Yigit Erdogan , Ali Saffet Gonul
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder with significant variability in neurobiological and clinical presentations. In this study, we aimed to investigate neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia using a data-driven machine-learning algorithm. Structural MRI data from 222 participants (136 schizophrenia patients and 86 healthy controls) were analyzed. Subtypes were identified using HYDRA (Heterogeneity Through Discriminative Analysis), a semi-supervised machine learning algorithm designed to reveal disease-related patterns while minimizing the influence of normal anatomical variation followed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis to compare these subtypes with healthy controls. The study identified two subtypes among schizophrenia patients. Subtype 1 showed widespread lower grey matter volumes in several cortical regions, mainly in the insula, cingulate, frontal, and temporal regions. Subtype 2 demonstrated increased subcortical volumes, pallidal volumes relative to controls and thalamus, hippocampus relative to subtype 1. Despite significant neuroanatomical differences, the subtypes did not differ in demographic or clinical characteristics. These findings highlight the potential of machine learning to disentangle structural heterogeneity in schizophrenia, offering a refined framework for neuroanatomical subtyping. Identifying distinct subtypes may contribute to personalized treatment approaches and enhance the precision of future clinical and research efforts.
精神分裂症是一种异质性疾病,在神经生物学和临床表现上具有显著的可变性。在这项研究中,我们旨在使用数据驱动的机器学习算法来研究精神分裂症的神经解剖学亚型。分析222名参与者(136名精神分裂症患者和86名健康对照)的结构MRI数据。使用HYDRA(异质性判别分析)确定亚型,HYDRA是一种半监督机器学习算法,旨在揭示疾病相关模式,同时最大限度地减少正常解剖变异的影响,然后使用基于体素的形态测量(VBM)分析将这些亚型与健康对照进行比较。该研究在精神分裂症患者中确定了两种亚型。亚型1在几个皮质区域显示广泛的灰质体积降低,主要在脑岛、扣带、额叶和颞叶区域。亚型2表现为皮层下体积、苍白质体积相对于对照组和丘脑、海马体积相对于亚型1增加。尽管有显著的神经解剖学差异,但亚型在人口统计学或临床特征上没有差异。这些发现突出了机器学习在解开精神分裂症结构异质性方面的潜力,为神经解剖亚型提供了一个精细的框架。识别不同的亚型可能有助于个性化治疗方法,并提高未来临床和研究工作的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Real-time fMRI neurofeedback modulates auditory cortex activity and connectivity in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations: A controlled study 实时fMRI神经反馈调节伴有幻听的精神分裂症患者的听觉皮层活动和连通性:一项对照研究
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112050
Clemens C.C. Bauer , Jiahe Zhang , Francesca Morfini , Oliver Hinds , Paul Wighton , Yoonji Lee , Lena Stone , Angelina Awad , Kana Okano , Melissa Hwang , Jude Hammoud , Paul Nestor , Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli , Ann K. Shinn , Margaret A. Niznikiewicz

Background and Hypothesis

Auditory hallucinations (AHs) affect 60–80 % of schizophrenia patients and often resist antipsychotic treatment. AHs involve superior temporal gyrus (STG) hyperactivity and disrupted auditory-cognitive control connectivity. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (NFB) enables voluntary modulation of targeted brain regions. We previously showed STG-targeted NFB with mindfulness meditation reduced STG activation and AHs in one session. However, whether effects are specific to hallucination-related regions versus placebo, and whether NFB modulates broader networks, remained unclear.

Study Design

This randomized, sham-controlled trial examined NFB specificity and network effects. Twenty-three adults with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and medication-resistant hallucinations practiced mindfulness meditation while receiving neurofeedback from either STG (n = 10, Real-NFB) or motor cortex (n = 13, Sham-NFB control). Sham participants subsequently received Real-NFB, providing within-subject comparison.

Study Results

Both groups showed reduced AHs post-NFB without group differences. However, compared to Sham-NFB, Real-NFB produced greater reductions in secondary auditory cortex activation and connectivity between auditory cortex and cognitive control regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate). These connectivity reductions persisted in the Real-after-Sham condition. Both groups showed reduced primary auditory cortex activation, suggesting mindfulness meditation independently regulates bottom-up hallucination processes.

Conclusions

Region-specific NFB targeting produces distinct neural changes beyond symptom reduction. STG-targeted NFB differentially modulates auditory-cognitive control networks, potentially restoring the disrupted balance between bottom-up sensory processing and top-down control in AHs. These findings highlight the importance of anatomically-informed NFB targets and provide mechanistic insights for developing precision interventions for treatment-resistant psychiatric symptoms.
背景与假设60 - 80%的精神分裂症患者有幻听,且抗精神病药物治疗往往无效。AHs涉及颞上回(STG)过度活跃和听觉-认知控制连接中断。实时功能磁共振成像神经反馈(NFB)可以随意调节目标脑区域。我们之前发现,以STG为目标的NFB和正念冥想在一个疗程中减少了STG激活和AHs。然而,与安慰剂相比,效果是否只针对与幻觉相关的区域,以及NFB是否调节更广泛的网络,目前尚不清楚。研究设计:本随机、假对照试验检验NFB特异性和网络效应。23名患有精神分裂症/分裂情感障碍和药物抗性幻觉的成年人在接受来自STG (n = 10, Real-NFB)或运动皮层(n = 13, Sham-NFB对照)的神经反馈的同时练习正念冥想。假参与者随后接受Real-NFB,提供受试者内部比较。研究结果两组在nfb后AHs发生率均有所降低,无组间差异。然而,与Sham-NFB相比,真实- nfb在次级听觉皮层激活和听觉皮层与认知控制区域(背外侧前额叶皮层和前扣带)之间的连通性方面产生了更大的减少。这种连通性降低在假手术后的真实条件下持续存在。两组都显示初级听觉皮层的激活减少,这表明正念冥想独立地调节自下而上的幻觉过程。结论区域特异性NFB靶向治疗除了症状减轻外,还能产生明显的神经变化。stg靶向的NFB对听觉-认知控制网络进行差异性调节,有可能恢复AHs中自下而上的感觉处理和自上而下的控制之间被破坏的平衡。这些发现强调了解剖学信息的NFB靶点的重要性,并为开发治疗抵抗性精神症状的精确干预提供了机制见解。
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引用次数: 0
fMRI features in recent suicide attempters performing the future imagination task fMRI显示近期自杀未遂者执行未来想象任务的特征
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112049
Milad Esmaeil-Zadeh , Morteza Fattahi , Nafee Rasouli , Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh , Majid Abbasi Sisara , Ehsan Rajab , Amirhossein Jafari , Seyed Kazem Malakouti

Background

A negative future outlook increases vulnerability to depression and suicide. Understanding neural mechanisms of future-oriented thinking may reveal insights into suicide risk. This study used fMRI to identify brain activation patterns during future imagination in individuals with recent suicide attempts.

Methods

Sixty-two participants were grouped as recent suicide attempters with major depressive disorder (SA+MDD), depressed individuals without suicide history (MDD), and healthy controls (HC). Diagnoses were confirmed via SCID-5-RV. Participants performed a block-designed future imagination task with positive and negative scenarios during fMRI.

Results

Compared to MDD, the SA+MDD group showed increased activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral cingulate, insula, and inferior frontal gyrus, but decreased activity in the left parahippocampus and postcentral gyrus. During positive imagination, greater activation was observed in the right orbitofrontal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and left superior temporal regions. Psychologically, SA+MDD individuals had lower “reasons for living” and higher suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

Recent suicide attempters exhibit heightened neural responses to negative future events, reflecting increased threat perception and emotion dysregulation. Hyperactivation in reward-related areas may facilitate suicidal behavior as escape from psychological pain, while reduced episodic memory engagement impairs adaptive planning. Targeting hemispheric imbalances offers potential for suicide prevention.
消极的未来前景会增加抑郁和自杀的可能性。了解面向未来思维的神经机制可能会揭示自杀风险。这项研究使用功能磁共振成像来识别最近有自杀企图的个体在未来想象中的大脑激活模式。方法将62例研究对象分为重度抑郁障碍(SA+MDD)、无自杀史的抑郁个体(MDD)和健康对照组(HC)。通过SCID-5-RV确诊。在fMRI期间,参与者进行了一项分组设计的未来想象任务,包括积极和消极的场景。结果与MDD相比,SA+MDD组左侧眶额皮质、双侧扣带、脑岛和额下回的活动增加,左侧副海马体和中央后回的活动减少。在积极想象期间,在右侧眶额皮质、边缘上回和左侧颞上区观察到更大的激活。心理上,SA+MDD个体的“生存理由”较低,自杀意念较高。结论近期自杀未遂者对未来负面事件表现出增强的神经反应,反映了威胁感知和情绪失调的增加。奖励相关区域的过度激活可能会促进自杀行为,以逃避心理痛苦,而情景记忆参与的减少会损害适应性计划。针对大脑半球失衡提供了预防自杀的可能性。
{"title":"fMRI features in recent suicide attempters performing the future imagination task","authors":"Milad Esmaeil-Zadeh ,&nbsp;Morteza Fattahi ,&nbsp;Nafee Rasouli ,&nbsp;Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh ,&nbsp;Majid Abbasi Sisara ,&nbsp;Ehsan Rajab ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Jafari ,&nbsp;Seyed Kazem Malakouti","doi":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A negative future outlook increases vulnerability to depression and suicide. Understanding neural mechanisms of future-oriented thinking may reveal insights into suicide risk. This study used fMRI to identify brain activation patterns during future imagination in individuals with recent suicide attempts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-two participants were grouped as recent suicide attempters with major depressive disorder (SA+MDD), depressed individuals without suicide history (MDD), and healthy controls (HC). Diagnoses were confirmed via SCID-5-RV. Participants performed a block-designed future imagination task with positive and negative scenarios during fMRI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to MDD, the SA+MDD group showed increased activation in the left orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral cingulate, insula, and inferior frontal gyrus, but decreased activity in the left parahippocampus and postcentral gyrus. During positive imagination, greater activation was observed in the right orbitofrontal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and left superior temporal regions. Psychologically, SA+MDD individuals had lower “reasons for living” and higher suicidal ideation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Recent suicide attempters exhibit heightened neural responses to negative future events, reflecting increased threat perception and emotion dysregulation. Hyperactivation in reward-related areas may facilitate suicidal behavior as escape from psychological pain, while reduced episodic memory engagement impairs adaptive planning. Targeting hemispheric imbalances offers potential for suicide prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20776,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 112049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moderating effect of insulin resistance on the relationship between cortical surface area and cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia 胰岛素抵抗对首发精神分裂症患者皮质表面积与认知功能关系的调节作用
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112048
Chen Lin , Mengzhuang Gou , Shujuan Pan , Jinghui Tong , Yanfang Zhou , Ting Xie , Ting Yu , Yanli Li , Yimin Cui , Baopeng Tian , Shuping Tan , Zhiren Wang , Xingguang Luo , Ping Zhang , Junchao Huang , Song Chen , Yi Yin , Yunlong Tan

Objective

The mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to brain structure and cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine whether IR mediates or moderates the association between cortical surface area (CSA) and cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (PFES).

Methods

We enrolled 140 PFES and 190 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale were used to assess cognitive function and psychopathology, respectively. The CSA was determined using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. Serum insulin and glucose levels were measured for calculating the Homeostasis Model of Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index.

Results

The MCCB composite score and subscores for the HCs were significantly higher than those for the PFES (P < 0.001). In the PFES, the CSA was significantly positively correlated with the MCCB composite score and with subscores in some domains (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in patients, HOMA-IR positively moderated the association between the left precentral CSA and two MCCB domains: Reasoning and Problem Solving, and Visual Learning. HOMA-IR also positively moderated the association between Verbal Learning and CSA in the left middle temporal gyrus and the right caudal anterior cingulate gyrus (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Cognitive deficits were worse in PFES than in HCs. Moreover, HOMA-IR moderated the association between cortical structure and cognitive function, which might provide clues about the mechanisms of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
目的精神分裂症认知缺陷的机制尚不清楚。越来越多的证据表明,胰岛素抵抗(IR)与大脑结构和认知障碍密切相关。我们的目的是确定IR是否介导或调节首发精神分裂症(pfs)患者皮质表面积(CSA)和认知功能之间的关联。方法我们招募了140名pfs和190名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照(hc)。采用《精神分裂症共识认知电池(MCCB)认知改善的测量与治疗研究》和《阳性和阴性症状量表》分别评估认知功能和精神病理。采用3.0 t磁共振成像测定CSA。测定血清胰岛素和血糖水平,计算IR稳态评估模型(HOMA-IR)指数。结果hcc患者的MCCB综合评分和亚评分均显著高于PFES患者(P < 0.001)。在pfs中,CSA与MCCB综合评分及部分域的子评分呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)。此外,在患者中,HOMA-IR正调节左中央前CSA与两个MCCB域:推理和问题解决以及视觉学习之间的关联。HOMA-IR也正调节左颞中回和右扣带前尾回言语学习与CSA的关系(P < 0.05)。结论pfs组认知功能障碍较hc组加重。此外,HOMA-IR调节了皮质结构与认知功能之间的关联,这可能为精神分裂症认知功能障碍的机制提供线索。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of anorexia nervosa on structural morphometry of the brain in adolescents and adults after weight recovery: A systematic review 神经性厌食症对青少年和成人体重恢复后大脑结构形态计量学的影响:一项系统综述
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112043
Shelby D. Leverett , Sinaida Cherubin , Maria Roche-Dean (Assistant Professor) , Bridget E. Weller (Professor)

Purpose

To systematically review the evidence for 1) the effect of acute anorexia nervosa and weight recovery on aspects of structural morphometry of the brain, and 2) how these effects may differ between adolescents and adults.

Method

We used the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. We searched online databases (Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and PsychINFO) and identified relevant studies. Eligible studies were longitudinal and included a healthy control group.

Results

Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies often demonstrated global and regional grey matter volumes among individuals with acute anorexia nervosa compared to healthy controls, which increased following weight recovery. Grey matter volumes normalized in adolescents following weight recovery but remained smaller in recovered adults relative to their healthy controls. White matter volumes (globally and regionally) were largely unaffected by either phase of anorexia nervosa (e.g., acute and recovered). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes were elevated in individuals with anorexia compared to healthy counterparts, but volumes normalized following weight recovery. However, the decrease in CSF volume was only found for adolescents.

Conclusion

The structural morphometry of the brains of adults and adolescents with anorexia appears to be differentially affected by weight restoration. Future longitudinal research is needed that uses a consistent definition of recovery, and more diverse participants.
目的系统回顾急性神经性厌食症和体重恢复对大脑结构形态计量学的影响,以及这些影响在青少年和成人之间的差异。方法采用PRISMA指南进行系统评价。我们检索了在线数据库(Web of Knowledge, PubMed和PsychINFO)并确定了相关研究。符合条件的研究是纵向的,包括一个健康的对照组。结果13篇文章符合纳入标准。研究经常表明,与健康对照者相比,急性神经性厌食症患者的整体和区域灰质体积在体重恢复后增加。体重恢复后,青少年的灰质体积恢复正常,但与健康对照组相比,恢复后的成年人的灰质体积仍然较小。白质体积(整体和局部)基本上不受神经性厌食症任何阶段(如急性和恢复期)的影响。与健康个体相比,厌食症患者脑脊液(CSF)体积升高,但体重恢复后体积恢复正常。然而,脑脊液体积的减少只在青少年中发现。结论体重恢复对成人和青少年厌食症患者大脑结构形态的影响存在差异。未来的纵向研究需要使用一致的恢复定义和更多样化的参与者。
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引用次数: 0
High-resolution mapping of alcohol-related brain connectivity in adults using 7T fMRI and multivoxel pattern classification 使用7T功能磁共振成像和多体素模式分类对成人酒精相关的大脑连接进行高分辨率测绘
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112046
Alan N. Francis, Ihsan M. Salloum

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that alcohol use disrupts large-scale brain network interactions, particularly within the triple network model—comprising the Salience Network (SN), Default Mode Network (DMN), and Frontoparietal Network (FPN). However, few studies have examined how these connectivity alterations vary across the full spectrum of alcohol consumption, especially using ultra-high-field imaging and data-driven approaches. This study leverages 7 Tesla resting-state fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to characterize distinct brain connectivity patterns across heavy, moderate, and non-drinking adults, aiming to identify neural signatures that differentiate alcohol use severity levels.

Methods

We analyzed resting-state functional connectivity data from 69 adults (Mean age - 28.96; SD - 3.49; Range: 22–36) [41M, 28F] drawn from the Human Connectome Project. Participants were stratified into three matched groups (n=23 each): heavy alcohol users (HA), moderate users (MA), and non-users (NA). Alcohol consumption was quantified using the Achenbach Self-Report (ASR) and the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). Functional connectivity within and between the SN, DMN, and FPN was assessed using both traditional seed-based analyses and MVPA. Between-group differences (HA vs. MA, HA vs. NA, MA vs. NA) were evaluated using Bonferroni corrected statistical tests.

Results

Compared to non-users, alcohol users showed widespread increases in both intra- and inter-network functional coupling. The most striking differences emerged between HA and MA groups, with MVPA revealing unique hyperconnectivity signatures that distinguished these subgroups. Notably, HA individuals demonstrated reduced connectivity between the superior lateral occipital cortex and the precuneus, and hypoconnectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and language-related regions. No significant sex differences were observed.

Conclusions

This study provides the first evidence from 7T MRI and MVPA that distinct functional connectivity profiles can discriminate levels of alcohol use severity in adults. The observed triple network hyperconnectivity—particularly between heavy and moderate users—may reflect early neurofunctional reorganization or compensatory mechanisms preceding the onset of alcohol use disorder. These findings advance the search for neurobiological markers of risk and resilience along the continuum of alcohol use and underscore the utility of high-field neuroimaging coupled with machine learning in addiction neuroscience.
越来越多的证据表明,酒精使用会破坏大规模的大脑网络相互作用,特别是在三重网络模型中——包括显著网络(SN)、默认模式网络(DMN)和额顶叶网络(FPN)。然而,很少有研究调查这些连接变化在饮酒的整个范围内是如何变化的,特别是使用超高场成像和数据驱动的方法。本研究利用7特斯拉静息状态功能磁共振成像和多变量模式分析(MVPA)来表征重度、中度和非饮酒成年人不同的大脑连接模式,旨在识别区分饮酒严重程度的神经特征。方法分析69例成人静息状态功能连接数据(平均年龄28.96;Sd - 3.49;范围:22-36)[41M, 28F]取自Human Connectome Project。参与者被分成三个匹配的组(n=23):重度酒精使用者(HA),中度酒精使用者(MA)和非酒精使用者(NA)。使用Achenbach自我报告(ASR)和半结构化酒精遗传评估(SSAGA)对酒精消费进行量化。使用传统的基于种子的分析和MVPA对SN、DMN和FPN内部和之间的功能连通性进行了评估。采用Bonferroni校正统计检验评估组间差异(HA vs MA, HA vs NA, MA vs NA)。结果与非酒精使用者相比,酒精使用者在网络内部和网络之间的功能耦合均普遍增加。HA和MA组之间出现了最显著的差异,MVPA揭示了区分这些亚组的独特超连接特征。值得注意的是,HA个体表现出枕骨上外侧皮层和楔前叶之间的连通性降低,眼窝额叶皮层和语言相关区域之间的连通性降低。没有观察到显著的性别差异。本研究首次提供了7T MRI和MVPA的证据,表明不同的功能连接谱可以区分成人酒精使用严重程度的水平。观察到的三重网络超连接-特别是重度和中度使用者之间-可能反映了酒精使用障碍发病前的早期神经功能重组或代偿机制。这些发现推动了对酒精连续使用过程中风险和恢复力的神经生物学标记的研究,并强调了高场神经成像与机器学习在成瘾神经科学中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Occipital structure is linked to vagal tone in borderline personality but not in major depressive disorder 枕骨结构与边缘型人格的迷走神经张力有关,而与重度抑郁症无关
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112044
Vicente Camacho-Téllez , Mariana N. Castro , Gabriela De Pino , Bárbara Duarte-Abritta , Agustina E. Wainsztein , Delfina Lahitou Herlyn , Ximena Goldberg , Elsa Y. Costanzo , Narcís Cardoner , José M. Menchón , Carles Soriano-Mas , Salvador M. Guinjoan , Mirta F. Villarreal
Major depressive (MDD) and borderline personality disorders (BPD) are highly prevalent and frequently comorbid psychiatric conditions, both characterized by emotion dysregulation yet likely arising from distinct etiologies. Nonetheless, the specific features of autonomic central-peripheral relationships in these disorders remain poorly understood. We investigated the association between brain structure and vagal activity, and explored the resting-state functional connectivity of brain regions found to be associated with vagal tone, in 19 MDD, 18 BPD and 20 healthy controls (HC). We found that the cortical thinning in the right lateral occipital region was associated with increased parasympathetic tone in BPD, a relationship not observed in MDD. Moreover, in BPD, this region was functionally connected to the anterior insula and prefrontal areas, linked to the central autonomic system and emotion regulation processes. Accordingly, this region was also linked to emotion dysregulation in BPD. Our findings highlight distinct central–peripheral autonomic integration in these disorders and emphasize the occipital region's structural and functional involvement in emotional and autonomic regulation in BPD. Further research is needed to clarify how occipital structure and function, well as vagal activity, may contribute as potential biomarkers for BPD.
重度抑郁症(MDD)和边缘型人格障碍(BPD)是非常普遍且经常并存的精神疾病,两者都以情绪失调为特征,但可能由不同的病因引起。尽管如此,这些疾病中自主神经中枢-外周关系的具体特征仍然知之甚少。我们研究了19名MDD、18名BPD和20名健康对照(HC)的大脑结构与迷走神经活动之间的关系,并探索了与迷走神经张力相关的大脑区域的静息状态功能连通性。我们发现右侧枕外侧皮质变薄与BPD副交感神经张力增加有关,而在MDD中没有观察到这种关系。此外,在BPD中,该区域在功能上与前脑岛和前额叶区相连,与中央自主神经系统和情绪调节过程相连。因此,该区域也与BPD的情绪失调有关。我们的研究结果强调了这些疾病中明显的中枢-外周自主神经整合,并强调了枕区在BPD中参与情绪和自主神经调节的结构和功能。枕部结构和功能以及迷走神经活动如何可能作为BPD的潜在生物标志物,还需要进一步的研究来阐明。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing schizophrenia diagnosis efficiency with EEGNet: a simplified recognition model based on γ band features 提高精神分裂症诊断效率的EEGNet:基于γ带特征的简化识别模型
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112047
Shuai Hao , Zhi-jie Zhang , Xu Wang , Pan Zhang , Hui-peng Ren , Wei-cong Ren

Objective

This study aims to develop an objective and efficient diagnostic model for schizophrenia (SCZ) by integrating electroencephalogram (EEG) signals with deep learning techniques. Building on previous research, γ wave activity is selected as a potential biomarker to achieve high recognition accuracy while significantly reducing model complexity and enhancing training efficiency.

Methods

We implemented an EEGNet architecture optimized for simplified feature engineering, targeting γ band features extracted from resting-state EEG recordings. The model was trained and evaluated using Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross-Validation (LOSOCV) to ensure robustness in distinguishing SCZ patients from healthy controls (HC).

Results

The γ band feature model achieved average recognition accuracies of 98.19 % for the SCZ group and 97.24 % for the HC group. Additionally, the model significantly reduced training time, indicating an efficient classification process that is more conducive to training on large datasets.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the effectiveness of γ band features for EEG-based SCZ diagnostics, with the proposed model offering both high accuracy and improved training efficiency. This study underscores the potential clinical utility of γ band-focused EEG analysis as an objective diagnostic tool for SCZ.
目的将脑电图(EEG)信号与深度学习技术相结合,建立一种客观、高效的精神分裂症诊断模型。在以往研究的基础上,选择γ波活动作为潜在的生物标志物,在显著降低模型复杂性和提高训练效率的同时,实现了较高的识别精度。方法针对静息状态脑电图记录中提取的γ波段特征,实现了简化特征工程优化的EEGNet架构。采用留一被试交叉验证(LOSOCV)对模型进行训练和评估,以确保将SCZ患者与健康对照(HC)区分开来的稳健性。结果γ波段特征模型对SCZ组和HC组的平均识别准确率分别为98.19%和97.24%。此外,该模型显著减少了训练时间,表明了一个高效的分类过程,更有利于在大数据集上进行训练。结论研究结果强调了γ波段特征在基于脑电图的SCZ诊断中的有效性,所提出的模型具有较高的准确性和提高的训练效率。这项研究强调了γ带聚焦脑电图分析作为SCZ客观诊断工具的潜在临床应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of using fMRI to measure pain responses in women with and without postpartum depression 探讨使用功能磁共振成像测量产后抑郁症妇女疼痛反应的可行性和可接受性
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.112042
Sandraluz Lara-Cinisomo , Michelle M. Nutlis , Andrea Ramirez Olarte , Bradley P. Sutton , Ryan J. Larsen , Hillary Schwarb
Little is known about differences in pain perception among depressed versus non-depressed postpartum women. This novel study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of enrolling non-depressed and depressed postpartum women in a laboratory-induced pain study using fMRI. Eleven non-depressed and two depressed postpartum women participated in a cold pain-induced experiment using fMRI. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed. Brain activation of the pain-associated regions of interest was measured. Participants provided subjective pain ratings (i.e., intensity and unpleasantness). The results indicated that enrolling postpartum women in a laboratory-induced pain study using fMRI is feasible. Participants found the study acceptable. The findings showed that the study’s pain device activated the amygdala and insula in the non-depressed group, with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex being marginally significant. Exploratory analyses of differences in brain activation by depression status were not statistically significant. There was a significant and positive association between depressive symptoms and pain unpleasantness. Subjective pain ratings differed by depression status but were not statistically significant. This study showed that conducting a pain experiment using fMRI with postpartum women is feasible and acceptable. Future research should include a larger sample to confirm findings and investigate the impact of depression on pain responses.
关于产后抑郁与非抑郁女性在疼痛感知上的差异,我们知之甚少。这项新颖的研究旨在确定利用功能磁共振成像技术对非抑郁和抑郁产后妇女进行实验室诱发疼痛研究的可行性和可接受性。11名非抑郁症妇女和2名产后抑郁症妇女利用功能磁共振成像技术参与了一项由感冒引起的疼痛实验。评估可行性和可接受性。测量了与疼痛相关的感兴趣区域的大脑激活。参与者提供主观疼痛等级(即强度和不愉快程度)。结果表明,利用功能磁共振成像技术对产后妇女进行实验室诱发性疼痛研究是可行的。参与者认为这项研究是可以接受的。研究结果显示,该研究的疼痛装置激活了非抑郁组的杏仁核和脑岛,而前扣带皮层的激活程度微乎其微。探索性分析表明,抑郁状态对脑活动的影响无统计学意义。抑郁症状与疼痛不愉快之间存在显著的正相关。主观疼痛评分因抑郁状态而异,但无统计学意义。本研究表明,利用功能磁共振成像技术对产后妇女进行疼痛实验是可行和可接受的。未来的研究应该包括更大的样本来证实研究结果,并调查抑郁对疼痛反应的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
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