Mário Luciano de Mélo Silva Júnior, P. Diniz, Marcos Vinícius de Souza Vilanova, Gabriel Porciúncula Teixeira Basto, M. Valença
The brain ventricles are structures that have been related to cognition since antiquity. They are essential components in the development and maintenance of brain functions. The aging process runs with the enlargement of ventricles and is related to a less selective blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier and then a more toxic cerebrospinal fluid environment. The study of brain ventricles as a biological marker of aging is promissing because they are structures easily identified in neuroimaging studies, present good inter‐rater reliability, and measures of them can identify brain atrophy earlier than cortical structures. The ventricular system also plays roles in the development of dementia, since dysfunction in the clearance of beta‐amyloid protein is a key mechanism in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The morphometric and volumetric studies of the brain ventricles can help to distinguish between healthy elderly and persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Brain ventricle data may contribute to the appropriate allocation of individuals in groups at higher risk for MCI‐dementia progression in clinical trials and to measuring therapeutic responses in these studies, as well as providing differential diagnosis, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus. Here, we reviewed the pathophysiology of healthy aging and cognitive decline, focusing on the role of the choroid plexus and brain ventricles in this process.
{"title":"Brain ventricles, CSF and cognition: a narrative review","authors":"Mário Luciano de Mélo Silva Júnior, P. Diniz, Marcos Vinícius de Souza Vilanova, Gabriel Porciúncula Teixeira Basto, M. Valença","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12839","url":null,"abstract":"The brain ventricles are structures that have been related to cognition since antiquity. They are essential components in the development and maintenance of brain functions. The aging process runs with the enlargement of ventricles and is related to a less selective blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier and then a more toxic cerebrospinal fluid environment. The study of brain ventricles as a biological marker of aging is promissing because they are structures easily identified in neuroimaging studies, present good inter‐rater reliability, and measures of them can identify brain atrophy earlier than cortical structures. The ventricular system also plays roles in the development of dementia, since dysfunction in the clearance of beta‐amyloid protein is a key mechanism in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The morphometric and volumetric studies of the brain ventricles can help to distinguish between healthy elderly and persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Brain ventricle data may contribute to the appropriate allocation of individuals in groups at higher risk for MCI‐dementia progression in clinical trials and to measuring therapeutic responses in these studies, as well as providing differential diagnosis, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus. Here, we reviewed the pathophysiology of healthy aging and cognitive decline, focusing on the role of the choroid plexus and brain ventricles in this process.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47046466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorien H E van Dongen, D. Havermans, K. Deckers, M. Olff, F. Verhey, S. Sobczak
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent disorder worldwide and often co‐occurs in dementia. Both have a major impact on disease burden and quality of life. PTSD may be difficult to recognize in dementia and a structured diagnostic method is lacking. In order to get insight into the clinical diagnostics of PTSD in dementia, this systematic literature review evaluates the clinical presentation of PTSD and other relevant symptoms in people with dementia. PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL were searched for all publications through 30 December 2021. Articles were included which met the following criteria: (i) description of at least one case with a current diagnosis of dementia and co‐morbid PTSD; (ii) clinical presentation of symptoms being adequately described; (iii) no difference being made between chronic PTSD, PTSD with re‐activation, and delayed onset PTSD. Of the 947 identified abstracts, 13 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included (describing 30 cases). Based on our rating, only one case completely fulfilled the DSM‐5 criteria of PTSD. Avoidance was only described in three cases. Most commonly described symptoms were irritability and anger (E1, 9%), persistent negative emotional state (D4, 9%), and sleep disturbances (E6, 8%). In 93% of the case reports, other symptoms were also described, i.e. memory problems (58%), screaming (33.3%), and wandering (22.2%). People with dementia who have experienced a traumatic event seem to present, based on our rating method, with insufficient symptoms to meet all criteria for a PTSD DSM‐5 diagnosis. The DSM‐5 core symptom of avoidance was absent in most of the cases. Clinical presentation consists mainly of symptoms of irritability, anger, persistent negative emotional state, and sleep disturbances, often accompanied by other symptoms. These findings suggest that older people with dementia may have other symptom presentations than people without dementia.
{"title":"A first insight into the clinical manifestation of posttraumatic stress disorder in dementia: a systematic literature review","authors":"Dorien H E van Dongen, D. Havermans, K. Deckers, M. Olff, F. Verhey, S. Sobczak","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12830","url":null,"abstract":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent disorder worldwide and often co‐occurs in dementia. Both have a major impact on disease burden and quality of life. PTSD may be difficult to recognize in dementia and a structured diagnostic method is lacking. In order to get insight into the clinical diagnostics of PTSD in dementia, this systematic literature review evaluates the clinical presentation of PTSD and other relevant symptoms in people with dementia. PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL were searched for all publications through 30 December 2021. Articles were included which met the following criteria: (i) description of at least one case with a current diagnosis of dementia and co‐morbid PTSD; (ii) clinical presentation of symptoms being adequately described; (iii) no difference being made between chronic PTSD, PTSD with re‐activation, and delayed onset PTSD. Of the 947 identified abstracts, 13 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included (describing 30 cases). Based on our rating, only one case completely fulfilled the DSM‐5 criteria of PTSD. Avoidance was only described in three cases. Most commonly described symptoms were irritability and anger (E1, 9%), persistent negative emotional state (D4, 9%), and sleep disturbances (E6, 8%). In 93% of the case reports, other symptoms were also described, i.e. memory problems (58%), screaming (33.3%), and wandering (22.2%). People with dementia who have experienced a traumatic event seem to present, based on our rating method, with insufficient symptoms to meet all criteria for a PTSD DSM‐5 diagnosis. The DSM‐5 core symptom of avoidance was absent in most of the cases. Clinical presentation consists mainly of symptoms of irritability, anger, persistent negative emotional state, and sleep disturbances, often accompanied by other symptoms. These findings suggest that older people with dementia may have other symptom presentations than people without dementia.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fumiko Miyamae, Tsutomu Taga, T. Okamura, S. Awata
Dear Editor, In 2009, the UK government declared that they were pursuing the groundbreaking concept of ‘living well with dementia’ as a national strategy, at the end of a long flight powered by only the singleengine of ‘dementia prevention’. Following this idea, the Japanese government announced their national dementia strategy, called the New Orange Plan, for the promotion of communities friendly for the elderly, including persons with dementia. In the national dementia strategy, the building of dementia cafés is encouraged to strengthen support for daily life and families in the community. We highly appreciate that the Japanese government is in the process of creating places where people with dementia can interact with society. However, although empirical data are lacking, from a clinical perspective, people with dementia who are living alone often tend to be secluded. In addition, people with dementia who belong to minority groups (e.g., sexual minorities, refugees, immigrants) are less likely to participate in such places. On the other hand, the UK Alzheimer’s Society, which has been promoting living well with dementia, is reaching out to people with dementia who are living alone and those with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning backgrounds. In addition, Dementia Australia is focusing on support for people with dementia who belong to culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Recently, we had the opportunity to give a lecture on living well with dementia to 48 local welfare commissioners (12 men, 36 women). As part of data collection for a reaction paper we asked if there were any places or activities in the community where the following people could participate: (i) people with dementia who live with their families; (ii) people with dementia who live alone; and (iii) people with dementia who belong to a minority group. The percentages of those who answered ‘yes’ to these questions were 36%, 32%, and 17%, respectively. These results require careful interpretation. First, only about one-third of the respondents knew of any places or activities that people with dementia who live with their families could go or participate in. Because we lacked controls, we could not judge whether this result was high or low compared with the general population. Second, in the case of people with dementia who live alone, the number of places or activities that they can participate in is smaller. Third, people with dementia who belong to a minority group are typically excluded according to the rights of social participation. We believe that psychiatry serves the most disadvantaged and misunderstood individuals in society. Japanese society is now gradually moving toward having dementia-friendly communities where people with dementia can live well; however, the focus is still needed on people with dementia who live alone or are in a minority group because these individuals are often excluded from society.
{"title":"Toward a society where people with dementia ‘living alone’ or ‘being a minority group’ can live well","authors":"Fumiko Miyamae, Tsutomu Taga, T. Okamura, S. Awata","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12836","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, In 2009, the UK government declared that they were pursuing the groundbreaking concept of ‘living well with dementia’ as a national strategy, at the end of a long flight powered by only the singleengine of ‘dementia prevention’. Following this idea, the Japanese government announced their national dementia strategy, called the New Orange Plan, for the promotion of communities friendly for the elderly, including persons with dementia. In the national dementia strategy, the building of dementia cafés is encouraged to strengthen support for daily life and families in the community. We highly appreciate that the Japanese government is in the process of creating places where people with dementia can interact with society. However, although empirical data are lacking, from a clinical perspective, people with dementia who are living alone often tend to be secluded. In addition, people with dementia who belong to minority groups (e.g., sexual minorities, refugees, immigrants) are less likely to participate in such places. On the other hand, the UK Alzheimer’s Society, which has been promoting living well with dementia, is reaching out to people with dementia who are living alone and those with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning backgrounds. In addition, Dementia Australia is focusing on support for people with dementia who belong to culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Recently, we had the opportunity to give a lecture on living well with dementia to 48 local welfare commissioners (12 men, 36 women). As part of data collection for a reaction paper we asked if there were any places or activities in the community where the following people could participate: (i) people with dementia who live with their families; (ii) people with dementia who live alone; and (iii) people with dementia who belong to a minority group. The percentages of those who answered ‘yes’ to these questions were 36%, 32%, and 17%, respectively. These results require careful interpretation. First, only about one-third of the respondents knew of any places or activities that people with dementia who live with their families could go or participate in. Because we lacked controls, we could not judge whether this result was high or low compared with the general population. Second, in the case of people with dementia who live alone, the number of places or activities that they can participate in is smaller. Third, people with dementia who belong to a minority group are typically excluded according to the rights of social participation. We believe that psychiatry serves the most disadvantaged and misunderstood individuals in society. Japanese society is now gradually moving toward having dementia-friendly communities where people with dementia can live well; however, the focus is still needed on people with dementia who live alone or are in a minority group because these individuals are often excluded from society.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47434843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Takagi, K. Yamashiro, G. Sugihara, M. Matsuura, Hidehiko Takahashi
Hippocampal calcification (HC), highly prevalent in older people, has not attracted attention until recently. Despite its potential effects on cognition and behaviour, and its possible impact on the diagnosis and severity of dementia, it has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HC and its influence on cognition and behavioural symptoms in patients with dementia.
{"title":"Hippocampal calcification and its effects on cognitive function and symptoms in dementia","authors":"S. Takagi, K. Yamashiro, G. Sugihara, M. Matsuura, Hidehiko Takahashi","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12831","url":null,"abstract":"Hippocampal calcification (HC), highly prevalent in older people, has not attracted attention until recently. Despite its potential effects on cognition and behaviour, and its possible impact on the diagnosis and severity of dementia, it has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HC and its influence on cognition and behavioural symptoms in patients with dementia.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46744226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed the assessment scale for engagement in activities (ASEA), an assessment tool used to quantify engagement in therapeutic activities for patients with moderate‐to‐severe dementia. In this study, we report additional analyses to confirm the viability of ASEA as a reliable measurement scale.
{"title":"Clinical utility of an assessment scale for engagement in activities for patients with moderate‐to‐severe dementia: additional analysis","authors":"Hiroyuki Tanaka, R. Umeda, Tatsunari Kurogi, Yuma Nagata, Daiki Ishimaru, Keita Fukuhara, Shunsuke Nakai, Masahiro Tenjin, Takashi Nishikawa","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12835","url":null,"abstract":"We developed the assessment scale for engagement in activities (ASEA), an assessment tool used to quantify engagement in therapeutic activities for patients with moderate‐to‐severe dementia. In this study, we report additional analyses to confirm the viability of ASEA as a reliable measurement scale.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48015845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamami Shiba, M. Yamakawa, Y. Endo, R. Konno, S. Tanimukai
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is characterised by atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal lobes. People with FTD show language and emotional disturbances from onset, and communication problems usually affect people with FTD and their families even before diagnosis. These unique characteristics of FTD are not well understood and create substantial problems for people living with FTD and their families. This review explores the experiences of families of people living with FTD. Studies were selected and screened according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. We searched four bibliographic databases for articles up to February 2021 to identify qualitative data on the experiences of families. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies was used to assess all included studies. Of 235 identified articles, we included six studies in the qualitative synthesis. Meta‐ethnography was conducted to interpret families' experiences of people living with FTD. The emergent concepts were synthesised into five themes: Something is wrong with my loved one; No one fully understands; Existential pain of caring for a loved one with FTD; Increased burden owing to specific FTD symptoms; and Forced to adapt to new and unique ways of living with a loved one with FTD. This review highlighted families' confusion and suffering (which began in the early stages of the disease, and sometimes before diagnosis) and the difficulty of communicating with people with FTD. These findings have implications for future practice, as they demonstrate the positive effect on family life of appropriate support that is provided early, rather than after the disease has progressed.
{"title":"Experiences of families of people living with frontotemporal dementia: a qualitative systematic review","authors":"Tamami Shiba, M. Yamakawa, Y. Endo, R. Konno, S. Tanimukai","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12837","url":null,"abstract":"Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is characterised by atrophy of the frontal and/or temporal lobes. People with FTD show language and emotional disturbances from onset, and communication problems usually affect people with FTD and their families even before diagnosis. These unique characteristics of FTD are not well understood and create substantial problems for people living with FTD and their families. This review explores the experiences of families of people living with FTD. Studies were selected and screened according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. We searched four bibliographic databases for articles up to February 2021 to identify qualitative data on the experiences of families. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies was used to assess all included studies. Of 235 identified articles, we included six studies in the qualitative synthesis. Meta‐ethnography was conducted to interpret families' experiences of people living with FTD. The emergent concepts were synthesised into five themes: Something is wrong with my loved one; No one fully understands; Existential pain of caring for a loved one with FTD; Increased burden owing to specific FTD symptoms; and Forced to adapt to new and unique ways of living with a loved one with FTD. This review highlighted families' confusion and suffering (which began in the early stages of the disease, and sometimes before diagnosis) and the difficulty of communicating with people with FTD. These findings have implications for future practice, as they demonstrate the positive effect on family life of appropriate support that is provided early, rather than after the disease has progressed.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45336694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the frailty, abuse, and depression experienced by community‐dwelling older adults and to raise awareness in society about the abuse of the elderly.
本研究旨在评估居住在社区的老年人所经历的虚弱、虐待和抑郁，并提高社会对虐待老年人的认识。
{"title":"Evaluation of frailty, abuse and depression among community‐dwelling older adults in a nortwest city of Turkey","authors":"Turkan Akyol Guner","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12832","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the frailty, abuse, and depression experienced by community‐dwelling older adults and to raise awareness in society about the abuse of the elderly.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44247698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lana Alhalaseh, Farah Kasasbeh, Mariam Al-Bayati, Lubna Haikal, Kinan Obeidat, Abdallah Abuleil, I. Wilkinson
Social isolation has been recommended for reducing older adults' mortality and severe cases of COVID illness. That has resulted in unavoidable consequences of mental ill‐health. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on the development of loneliness and depression and to analyse the factors associated with these conditions among community‐dwelling older adults in Jordan.
{"title":"Loneliness and Depression among Community Older Adults during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A cross‐sectional study","authors":"Lana Alhalaseh, Farah Kasasbeh, Mariam Al-Bayati, Lubna Haikal, Kinan Obeidat, Abdallah Abuleil, I. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12833","url":null,"abstract":"Social isolation has been recommended for reducing older adults' mortality and severe cases of COVID illness. That has resulted in unavoidable consequences of mental ill‐health. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on the development of loneliness and depression and to analyse the factors associated with these conditions among community‐dwelling older adults in Jordan.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":"22 1","pages":"493 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46727186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kobayashi, S. Kawakatsu, D. Morioka, Hiroshi Hayashi, Aya Utsunomiya, T. Kabasawa, K. Otani
Ryota KOBAYASHI , Shinobu KAWAKATSU, Daichi MORIOKA, Hiroshi HAYASHI , Aya UTSUNOMIYA, Takanobu KABASAWA and Koichi OTANI Department of Psychiatry and Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu and Department of Occupational Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan Correspondence: Ryota Kobayashi, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Email: ryo.kobayashi@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp Disclosure: All authors declare no conflicts of interest for this article.
{"title":"Limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy characterised by frontotemporal dementia‐like behavioural symptoms","authors":"R. Kobayashi, S. Kawakatsu, D. Morioka, Hiroshi Hayashi, Aya Utsunomiya, T. Kabasawa, K. Otani","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12828","url":null,"abstract":"Ryota KOBAYASHI , Shinobu KAWAKATSU, Daichi MORIOKA, Hiroshi HAYASHI , Aya UTSUNOMIYA, Takanobu KABASAWA and Koichi OTANI Department of Psychiatry and Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Aizuwakamatsu and Department of Occupational Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima, Japan Correspondence: Ryota Kobayashi, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Email: ryo.kobayashi@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp Disclosure: All authors declare no conflicts of interest for this article.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48817850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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