Zhiwu Tian, Chuyan Xiong, Yingmin Wang, H. Tao, Shuang Zhou, Jun Yan
Dementia caregivers suffer from mental health problems while caring for dementia patients. As a core value, familism has been linked to the mental health of dementia caregivers. This study aims to systematically review the familism of dementia caregivers and to examine the association between familism and mental health of anxiety, depression, and burden in empirical research studies.
{"title":"Association between familism and mental health in dementia caregivers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis","authors":"Zhiwu Tian, Chuyan Xiong, Yingmin Wang, H. Tao, Shuang Zhou, Jun Yan","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12843","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia caregivers suffer from mental health problems while caring for dementia patients. As a core value, familism has been linked to the mental health of dementia caregivers. This study aims to systematically review the familism of dementia caregivers and to examine the association between familism and mental health of anxiety, depression, and burden in empirical research studies.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42069384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An increasing number of studies have investigated the neural networks and brain regions activated by different aspects of religious faith or spiritual practice. The extent to which religiousness and spirituality are dependent on the integrity of neural circuits is a question unique to neurological illnesses. Several studies have reported that neural networks and brain areas represent the various components of religious faith or spiritual activity in recent decades. In addition to research in healthy people, another strategy is to observe if neurological abnormalities caused by stroke, tumour, brain damage, or degenerative sickness are accompanied by an alteration in religiosity or spirituality. Similarly, Parkinson's disease (PD), an ailment characterized by dopaminergic neuron malfunction, has been utilized to explore the role of dopaminergic networks in the practice, experience, and maintenance of religious or spiritual beliefs. Case–control and priming studies have demonstrated a decline in spirituality and religion in people with PD due to dopaminergic degeneration. These studies could not adequately control for confounding variables and lacked methodological rigour. Using qualitative and quantitative assessments, a mixed‐method approach might shed additional light on putative religious beliefs alterations in PD. In the current review paper, we discussed the recent research on the impact of PD on spiritual beliefs and spirituality.
{"title":"Spiritual care for the management of Parkinson's disease: Where we are and how far can we go","authors":"Jianting Gao, Qunjuan Wang, Qin Wu, Yu Weng, H. Lu, Jingzhi Xu","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12834","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of studies have investigated the neural networks and brain regions activated by different aspects of religious faith or spiritual practice. The extent to which religiousness and spirituality are dependent on the integrity of neural circuits is a question unique to neurological illnesses. Several studies have reported that neural networks and brain areas represent the various components of religious faith or spiritual activity in recent decades. In addition to research in healthy people, another strategy is to observe if neurological abnormalities caused by stroke, tumour, brain damage, or degenerative sickness are accompanied by an alteration in religiosity or spirituality. Similarly, Parkinson's disease (PD), an ailment characterized by dopaminergic neuron malfunction, has been utilized to explore the role of dopaminergic networks in the practice, experience, and maintenance of religious or spiritual beliefs. Case–control and priming studies have demonstrated a decline in spirituality and religion in people with PD due to dopaminergic degeneration. These studies could not adequately control for confounding variables and lacked methodological rigour. Using qualitative and quantitative assessments, a mixed‐method approach might shed additional light on putative religious beliefs alterations in PD. In the current review paper, we discussed the recent research on the impact of PD on spiritual beliefs and spirituality.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To the editor: Delirium is a common geriatric syndrome that is characterised by an acute change in attention, cognition, and consciousness. The common causes of delirium include medical illness, intoxication, and medications. Delirium is often treatable once the underlying aetiologies are identified and corrected. Fluconazole is effectively used for several fungal infections. The most common side effects are headache, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and abdominal pain. Here, we describe a rare case of fluconazole-induced delirium in an older patient with schizophrenia. A 69-year-old woman was hospitalised in our psychiatric ward and presented with auditory hallucination, self-talking, and declined cognitive function. Schizophrenia had been diagnosed when she was 35 years old. During admission, she was treated with risperidone 2 mg/day for psychotic symptoms and biperiden 4 mg/day for antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism. One day, she complained of severe itching of the head. Physical examinations revealed a rash, scaly skin, and pustules on the scalp. Tinea capitis was suspected and she was treated with 300 mg/day of oral fluconazole. After 1 week, she presented with confusion, slow response, forgetfulness, and disorientation. Acute delirium was diagnosed by the rapid decline in cognitive function from baseline mental function. To identify the cause of delirium, a comprehensive evaluation was performed. Complete blood count, serum electrolytes, liver and renal function tests, blood glucose, thyroid function, chest X-ray, brain computed tomography scan, and electroencephalogram were unremarkable. She did not have a history of substance abuse or neurological disease and no other infections were found. As these were inconclusive, we examined her current medications. Fluconazole-induced delirium was favoured as fluconazole was only recently added. We discontinued fluconazole and delirium improved after 4 days. In this case, the adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale (Naranjo score) was 5, which means ‘probable’ adverse reaction of fluconazole resulting in delirium. In this case, delirium developed after oral fluconazole use and the patient recovered after treatment was discontinued. Therefore, the most probable cause of delirium in this patient was the use of fluconazole. We postulated that delirium was caused in this patient due to cholinergic deficiency. Fluconazole is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 system, particularly isozymes CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9. Accordingly, fluconazole may inhibit metabolism and increase the concentration of any drug metabolised by these enzymes. Therefore, anticholinergic burden might increase once fluconazole is introduced. In this case, the possible mechanism of delirium is the inhibition of metabolism of biperiden (an anticholinergic drug) by fluconazole. Notably, older patients are more sensitive to the effects of anticholinergic activity because of reduction in hepatic and renal clearance of medicati
{"title":"Fluconazole‐induced delirium in an older patient with schizophrenia","authors":"T. Hu, Chia-Liang Wu","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12844","url":null,"abstract":"To the editor: Delirium is a common geriatric syndrome that is characterised by an acute change in attention, cognition, and consciousness. The common causes of delirium include medical illness, intoxication, and medications. Delirium is often treatable once the underlying aetiologies are identified and corrected. Fluconazole is effectively used for several fungal infections. The most common side effects are headache, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and abdominal pain. Here, we describe a rare case of fluconazole-induced delirium in an older patient with schizophrenia. A 69-year-old woman was hospitalised in our psychiatric ward and presented with auditory hallucination, self-talking, and declined cognitive function. Schizophrenia had been diagnosed when she was 35 years old. During admission, she was treated with risperidone 2 mg/day for psychotic symptoms and biperiden 4 mg/day for antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism. One day, she complained of severe itching of the head. Physical examinations revealed a rash, scaly skin, and pustules on the scalp. Tinea capitis was suspected and she was treated with 300 mg/day of oral fluconazole. After 1 week, she presented with confusion, slow response, forgetfulness, and disorientation. Acute delirium was diagnosed by the rapid decline in cognitive function from baseline mental function. To identify the cause of delirium, a comprehensive evaluation was performed. Complete blood count, serum electrolytes, liver and renal function tests, blood glucose, thyroid function, chest X-ray, brain computed tomography scan, and electroencephalogram were unremarkable. She did not have a history of substance abuse or neurological disease and no other infections were found. As these were inconclusive, we examined her current medications. Fluconazole-induced delirium was favoured as fluconazole was only recently added. We discontinued fluconazole and delirium improved after 4 days. In this case, the adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale (Naranjo score) was 5, which means ‘probable’ adverse reaction of fluconazole resulting in delirium. In this case, delirium developed after oral fluconazole use and the patient recovered after treatment was discontinued. Therefore, the most probable cause of delirium in this patient was the use of fluconazole. We postulated that delirium was caused in this patient due to cholinergic deficiency. Fluconazole is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 system, particularly isozymes CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9. Accordingly, fluconazole may inhibit metabolism and increase the concentration of any drug metabolised by these enzymes. Therefore, anticholinergic burden might increase once fluconazole is introduced. In this case, the possible mechanism of delirium is the inhibition of metabolism of biperiden (an anticholinergic drug) by fluconazole. Notably, older patients are more sensitive to the effects of anticholinergic activity because of reduction in hepatic and renal clearance of medicati","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":"22 1","pages":"588 - 589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45042903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neziha Erken, D. Kaya, F. S. Dost, Esra Ates Bulut, A. Işık
Widespread prescription of antidepressants and their resulting role in serotonin syndrome (SS) are of great importance for clinical practice in the elderly. This study aims to investigate possible associations of antidepressant drug‐induced SS with related variables in these patients.
{"title":"Antidepressant‐induced serotonin syndrome in older patients: a cross‐sectional study","authors":"Neziha Erken, D. Kaya, F. S. Dost, Esra Ates Bulut, A. Işık","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12849","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread prescription of antidepressants and their resulting role in serotonin syndrome (SS) are of great importance for clinical practice in the elderly. This study aims to investigate possible associations of antidepressant drug‐induced SS with related variables in these patients.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43789657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shusei Arafuka, H. Fujishiro, S. Iritani, Youta Torii, Ayako Miwa, H. Yabata, Hirotaka Sekiguchi, Chikako Habuchi, K. Kawashima, Mari Yoshida, Y. Iwasaki, N. Ozaki
Shusei ARAFUKA , Hiroshige FUJISHIRO , Shuji IRITANI, Youta TORII, Ayako MIWA, Hiroyuki YABATA, Hirotaka SEKIGUCHI, Chikako HABUCHI, Kunihiro KAWASHIMA, Mari YOSHIDA, Yasushi IWASAKI 2 and Norio OZAKI Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Moriyama General Mental Hospital and Aichi Psychiatric Medical Centre, Nagoya, Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Ageing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute and Okehazama Hospital, Brain Research Institute, Toyoake, Japan Correspondence, Hiroshige Fujishiro, MD, PhD Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466–8550 Japan., Email: fujishiro17@hotmail.co.jp A field of the journal: Functional Brain Imaging and Physiology
{"title":"Striatal 123I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3b‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography demonstrates nigral degeneration in the early stage of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: an autopsy case with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with trans‐activation re","authors":"Shusei Arafuka, H. Fujishiro, S. Iritani, Youta Torii, Ayako Miwa, H. Yabata, Hirotaka Sekiguchi, Chikako Habuchi, K. Kawashima, Mari Yoshida, Y. Iwasaki, N. Ozaki","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12842","url":null,"abstract":"Shusei ARAFUKA , Hiroshige FUJISHIRO , Shuji IRITANI, Youta TORII, Ayako MIWA, Hiroyuki YABATA, Hirotaka SEKIGUCHI, Chikako HABUCHI, Kunihiro KAWASHIMA, Mari YOSHIDA, Yasushi IWASAKI 2 and Norio OZAKI Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Moriyama General Mental Hospital and Aichi Psychiatric Medical Centre, Nagoya, Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Ageing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute and Okehazama Hospital, Brain Research Institute, Toyoake, Japan Correspondence, Hiroshige Fujishiro, MD, PhD Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466–8550 Japan., Email: fujishiro17@hotmail.co.jp A field of the journal: Functional Brain Imaging and Physiology","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44993426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youshun Boku, Miho Ota, M. Nemoto, Y. Numata, Aya Kitabatake, Takumi Takahashi, K. Nemoto, Masashi Tamura, Aya Sekine, Masayuki Ide, Y. Kaneda, T. Arai
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal phase of dementia and is considered an important period for intervention to prevent conversion to dementia. It has been well established that multicomponent day‐care programs including exercise training, cognitive intervention and music therapy have beneficial effects on cognition, but the effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MCI remain unknown. This study examined whether a multicomponent day‐care program would have beneficial effects on the longitudinal changes of CBF in MCI patients.
{"title":"Effects of a multicomponent day‐care program on cerebral blood flow in patients with mild cognitive impairment","authors":"Youshun Boku, Miho Ota, M. Nemoto, Y. Numata, Aya Kitabatake, Takumi Takahashi, K. Nemoto, Masashi Tamura, Aya Sekine, Masayuki Ide, Y. Kaneda, T. Arai","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12847","url":null,"abstract":"Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal phase of dementia and is considered an important period for intervention to prevent conversion to dementia. It has been well established that multicomponent day‐care programs including exercise training, cognitive intervention and music therapy have beneficial effects on cognition, but the effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MCI remain unknown. This study examined whether a multicomponent day‐care program would have beneficial effects on the longitudinal changes of CBF in MCI patients.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41991000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kalu, V. D. Bello-Haas, M. Griffin, Sheila A. Boamah, Jocelyn Harris, Mashal Zaide, D. Rayner, Nura Khattab, Salma Abrahim, Tristan K Richardson, Nicholas Savatteri, Yimo Wang, Christian Tkachyk
Although many factors have been associated with mobility among older adults, there is paucity of research that explores the complexity of factors that influence mobility. This review aims to synthesise the available evidence for factors comprising the cognitive, psychological, and social mobility determinants and their associations with mobility self‐reported and performance‐based outcomes in older adults (60 years). We followed Arksey and O′Malley's five stages of a scoping review and searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, AgeLine, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Sociological Abstract databases. Reviewers in pairs independently conducted title, abstract, full‐text screening and data extraction. We reported associations by analyses rather than articles because articles reported multiple associations for factors and several mobility outcomes. Associations were categorised as significantly positive, negative, or not significant. We included 183 peer‐reviewed articles published in 27 countries, most of which were cross‐sectional studies and conducted among community‐dwelling older adults. The 183 articles reported 630 analyses, of which 381 (60.5%) were significantly associated with mobility outcomes in the expected direction. For example, older adults with higher cognitive functioning such as better executive functioning had better mobility outcomes (e.g., faster gait speed), and those with poor psychological outcomes, such as depressive symptoms, or social outcomes such as reduced social network, had poorer mobility outcomes (e.g., slower gait speed) compared to their counterparts. Studies exploring the association between cognitive factors, personality (a psychological factor) and self‐reported mobility outcomes (e.g., walking for transportation or driving), and social factors and performance‐based mobility outcomes in older adults are limited. Understanding the additive relationships between cognitive, psychological, and social factors highlights the complexity of older adults' mobility across different forms of mobility, including independence, use of assistive devices, transportation, and driving.
尽管许多因素与老年人的流动性有关，但很少有研究探讨影响流动性的因素的复杂性。本综述旨在综合包括认知、心理和社会流动性决定因素及其与老年人流动性自我报告和基于表现的结果之间的关联的现有证据（60 年）。我们遵循了Arksey和O’Malley的五个阶段的范围界定审查，并搜索了PubMed、EMBASE、PsychINFO、Web of Science、AgeLine、联合和补充医学数据库、护理和联合健康文献累积索引以及社会学摘要数据库。成对的评审员独立进行标题、摘要、全文筛选和数据提取。我们通过分析而不是文章报告了关联，因为文章报告了多种因素和几种流动结果的关联。关联分为显著阳性、阴性或不显著。我们纳入了在27个国家发表的183篇同行评审文章，其中大多数是在社区老年人中进行的横断面研究。183篇文章报告了630项分析，其中381项（60.5%）与预期方向的流动性结果显著相关。例如，与同龄人相比，具有更高认知功能（如更好的执行功能）的老年人具有更好的行动能力（如更快的步态速度），而具有较差心理结果（如抑郁症状）或社交网络减少等社会结果的老年人的行动能力较差（如较慢步态速度）。探索认知因素、个性（一种心理因素）和自我报告的行动结果（例如，步行代步或开车）与社会因素和老年人基于表现的行动结果之间关系的研究有限。了解认知、心理和社会因素之间的附加关系，突显了老年人在不同形式的行动中的复杂性，包括独立性、辅助设备的使用、交通和驾驶。
{"title":"Cognitive, psychological and social factors associated with older adults' mobility: a scoping review of self‐report and performance‐based measures","authors":"M. Kalu, V. D. Bello-Haas, M. Griffin, Sheila A. Boamah, Jocelyn Harris, Mashal Zaide, D. Rayner, Nura Khattab, Salma Abrahim, Tristan K Richardson, Nicholas Savatteri, Yimo Wang, Christian Tkachyk","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12848","url":null,"abstract":"Although many factors have been associated with mobility among older adults, there is paucity of research that explores the complexity of factors that influence mobility. This review aims to synthesise the available evidence for factors comprising the cognitive, psychological, and social mobility determinants and their associations with mobility self‐reported and performance‐based outcomes in older adults (60 years). We followed Arksey and O′Malley's five stages of a scoping review and searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, AgeLine, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Sociological Abstract databases. Reviewers in pairs independently conducted title, abstract, full‐text screening and data extraction. We reported associations by analyses rather than articles because articles reported multiple associations for factors and several mobility outcomes. Associations were categorised as significantly positive, negative, or not significant. We included 183 peer‐reviewed articles published in 27 countries, most of which were cross‐sectional studies and conducted among community‐dwelling older adults. The 183 articles reported 630 analyses, of which 381 (60.5%) were significantly associated with mobility outcomes in the expected direction. For example, older adults with higher cognitive functioning such as better executive functioning had better mobility outcomes (e.g., faster gait speed), and those with poor psychological outcomes, such as depressive symptoms, or social outcomes such as reduced social network, had poorer mobility outcomes (e.g., slower gait speed) compared to their counterparts. Studies exploring the association between cognitive factors, personality (a psychological factor) and self‐reported mobility outcomes (e.g., walking for transportation or driving), and social factors and performance‐based mobility outcomes in older adults are limited. Understanding the additive relationships between cognitive, psychological, and social factors highlights the complexity of older adults' mobility across different forms of mobility, including independence, use of assistive devices, transportation, and driving.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48824979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editor, We read with great interest the study of Gokcekuyu et al., which has just been published in your journal. In this study, the authors aimed to validate a fivequestion version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) in the elderly Turkish population, but actually the GDS-5 was previously revalidated in Turkish by Dokuzlar et al. The study of Gokcekuyu et al. seems valuable; however, some methodological considerations need to be taken into account when validating the short forms of scales used for screening. Just like in this study, Dokuzlar et al.’s aimed to validate the GDS-4 and GDS-5 in Turkish elderly patients, and outpatients to geriatric clinics were included in both studies. However, due to the fact that these studies were conducted in two different sociocultural regions of Turkey, the sensitivity of the GDS-5 was higher (96.4% vs 85.8%) and the specificity was lower (67.7% vs 92.1%) depending on the differences in the education levels of the participants. However, the important finding common to both studies is that the Cronbach’s α value is below 0.7, that is, the internal consistency coefficient is at a questionable level, which means that the GDS-5 or some of its items do not represent respondents with depression. To solve this problem, by performing Kappa consistency analysis, the inter-rater reliability of each of the items in the long form of the GDS can be checked, and community-specific short forms can be produced with those items having the highest kappa values.We also applied thismethod to ensure the validity in developing the Turkish GDS-5 (TGDS-5). Thus, we found that the TGDS-5 and the original GDS-5 have only one common item (‘Do you often get bored?’). Other items differed from the GDS-5; however, the Cronbach’s α of the TGDS-5 increased to 0.807, that is, the internal consistency coefficient was ‘good’. In our study, although the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of theGDS-5were high, its sensitivity valuewas significantly lower, and low a sensitivity value for a screening tool limits its use. Due to the mentioned drawbacks and the low internal consistency of the GDS-5 (according to the Cronbach’s α analysis), the use of the GDS-5 in Turkish older adults is not appropriate. Since the sensitivity and negative predictive values of the short TGDS-5 are higher than its specificity and PPV, the TGDS-5 is more effective for excluding depression rather than for diagnosing depression. Thus, the TGDS-5 may be useful as a first-stage screening test in a daily practice. As a result, the contribution of Gokcekuyu et al.’s study to the literature is significant. However, it seems to be beneficial to develop appropriate scales for each population, according to their sociocultural characteristics. Thus, the TGDS-5might be amore appropriate test for depression in the Turkish elderly than the GDS-5.
{"title":"The development of a short depression screening tool in older adults","authors":"P. Soysal, L. Smith","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12846","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, We read with great interest the study of Gokcekuyu et al., which has just been published in your journal. In this study, the authors aimed to validate a fivequestion version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) in the elderly Turkish population, but actually the GDS-5 was previously revalidated in Turkish by Dokuzlar et al. The study of Gokcekuyu et al. seems valuable; however, some methodological considerations need to be taken into account when validating the short forms of scales used for screening. Just like in this study, Dokuzlar et al.’s aimed to validate the GDS-4 and GDS-5 in Turkish elderly patients, and outpatients to geriatric clinics were included in both studies. However, due to the fact that these studies were conducted in two different sociocultural regions of Turkey, the sensitivity of the GDS-5 was higher (96.4% vs 85.8%) and the specificity was lower (67.7% vs 92.1%) depending on the differences in the education levels of the participants. However, the important finding common to both studies is that the Cronbach’s α value is below 0.7, that is, the internal consistency coefficient is at a questionable level, which means that the GDS-5 or some of its items do not represent respondents with depression. To solve this problem, by performing Kappa consistency analysis, the inter-rater reliability of each of the items in the long form of the GDS can be checked, and community-specific short forms can be produced with those items having the highest kappa values.We also applied thismethod to ensure the validity in developing the Turkish GDS-5 (TGDS-5). Thus, we found that the TGDS-5 and the original GDS-5 have only one common item (‘Do you often get bored?’). Other items differed from the GDS-5; however, the Cronbach’s α of the TGDS-5 increased to 0.807, that is, the internal consistency coefficient was ‘good’. In our study, although the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of theGDS-5were high, its sensitivity valuewas significantly lower, and low a sensitivity value for a screening tool limits its use. Due to the mentioned drawbacks and the low internal consistency of the GDS-5 (according to the Cronbach’s α analysis), the use of the GDS-5 in Turkish older adults is not appropriate. Since the sensitivity and negative predictive values of the short TGDS-5 are higher than its specificity and PPV, the TGDS-5 is more effective for excluding depression rather than for diagnosing depression. Thus, the TGDS-5 may be useful as a first-stage screening test in a daily practice. As a result, the contribution of Gokcekuyu et al.’s study to the literature is significant. However, it seems to be beneficial to develop appropriate scales for each population, according to their sociocultural characteristics. Thus, the TGDS-5might be amore appropriate test for depression in the Turkish elderly than the GDS-5.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46196066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Fukunaga, H. Sugawara, Asuka Koyama, K. Okamoto, Toshihiro Fukui, Tomohisa Ishikawa, M. Takebayashi, K. Sekiyama, Mamoru Hashimoto
Postoperative delirium is associated with increased mortality. Therefore, it is important to manage delirium during the entire perioperative period. Preoperative anxiety is associated with poor prognosis in postoperative patients who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. This study aims to investigate the relationship between preoperative anxiety and onset of delirium after cardiovascular surgery in elderly patients (aged 65 years or older), considering the individual psychological characteristics, such as personality and stress coping skills in response to anxiety, as confounding factors.
{"title":"Relationship between preoperative anxiety and onset of delirium after cardiovascular surgery in elderly patients: focus on personality and coping process","authors":"H. Fukunaga, H. Sugawara, Asuka Koyama, K. Okamoto, Toshihiro Fukui, Tomohisa Ishikawa, M. Takebayashi, K. Sekiyama, Mamoru Hashimoto","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12840","url":null,"abstract":"Postoperative delirium is associated with increased mortality. Therefore, it is important to manage delirium during the entire perioperative period. Preoperative anxiety is associated with poor prognosis in postoperative patients who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. This study aims to investigate the relationship between preoperative anxiety and onset of delirium after cardiovascular surgery in elderly patients (aged 65 years or older), considering the individual psychological characteristics, such as personality and stress coping skills in response to anxiety, as confounding factors.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48479887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editor, We read the publication ‘Loneliness and Depression among Community Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study’ with a great interest. The COVID-19 epidemic has taken a tremendous toll on the mental health of older persons, particularly those with multimorbidity, baseline functional reliance, and a history of depression and cognitive impairment, according to Alhalaseh et al. It is critical to target these high-risk groups in order to reduce loneliness, despair, and eventual morbidity. The current study by Alhalaseh et al. used a telephonebased survey and it is required to check for its reliability. If based on the standard version of UCLS Loneliness Scale, the accuracy would be fair. But for any modified version/technique, it is necessary to recheck the property of the tool. Since the basic three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale is based on face-toface interviews, a modification using the instrument via telephone communication has to be verified. We agree that the psychological problem of loneliness among the elderly during COVID-19 is an important public health concern. We agree that it is necessary to manage the problem. How to manage it, however, is the issue that should be further discussed. During the outbreak, the implementation of a lockdown policy is being commonly used worldwide. Under such a policy, direct mental health support might be difficult and some loneliness due to the lockdown process can be expected.
{"title":"Correspondence on ‘Loneliness and depression among community older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic’","authors":"R. Mungmunpuntipantip, V. Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12845","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, We read the publication ‘Loneliness and Depression among Community Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study’ with a great interest. The COVID-19 epidemic has taken a tremendous toll on the mental health of older persons, particularly those with multimorbidity, baseline functional reliance, and a history of depression and cognitive impairment, according to Alhalaseh et al. It is critical to target these high-risk groups in order to reduce loneliness, despair, and eventual morbidity. The current study by Alhalaseh et al. used a telephonebased survey and it is required to check for its reliability. If based on the standard version of UCLS Loneliness Scale, the accuracy would be fair. But for any modified version/technique, it is necessary to recheck the property of the tool. Since the basic three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale is based on face-toface interviews, a modification using the instrument via telephone communication has to be verified. We agree that the psychological problem of loneliness among the elderly during COVID-19 is an important public health concern. We agree that it is necessary to manage the problem. How to manage it, however, is the issue that should be further discussed. During the outbreak, the implementation of a lockdown policy is being commonly used worldwide. Under such a policy, direct mental health support might be difficult and some loneliness due to the lockdown process can be expected.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":"22 1","pages":"590 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42789506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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