With the global spread of COVID-19 since 2020, care workers have been subject to serious psychological distress. Older adults are more likely to get severely ill from COVID-19. Therefore, care workers involved in elderly care are required to take strict infection control measures, leading to restrictions and other stressors in their daily lives. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has gained attention in recent years as a method for managing stress. With the current spread of COVID-19, online CBT interventions targeting healthcare workers are becoming increasingly common. However, these programs require many sessions implemented over a long period of time and may not be suitable for busy and tired care workers. Therefore, this study seeks to create and examine the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based app that care workers can quickly and easily use at home on a tablet device. The study participants were six care workers (two men and four women; mean age 50.3 11.4 years) who work for a social welfare corporation and provide homevisit care to elderly people. This study was approved by the Tottori University Ethical Review Board. All participants providedwritten informed consent. The app consisted of five modules. The first module comprised a task to enable participants to gain an understanding of the correspondence between thoughts and moods. The second module comprised a task to enable participants to notice negative moods, in which participants looked back on their day and selected the mood they felt most strongly from among the nine negative moods. The third module comprised a task which enabled participants to notice the thoughts that came into their minds, in which participants were asked to put in those thoughts when they were experiencing a negative mood. The app displayed suggestions for typical examples of thoughts corresponding to each mood. The fourth module comprised a task which enabled participants to find rational ways of thinking, in which participants were asked to think of and put in rational thoughts that were different from negative thoughts by thinking about them from a different perspective. The app displayed suggestions for rational thoughts corresponding to each of the moods. The fifth module comprised a task that enabled participants to think about behaviours that they could implement that would make the next day more pleasant. The app provided suggestions for four different ways of thinking about pleasant activities, such as: simple actions, specific actions, things that you want to do instead of things that you ‘should’ do, and actions that match up with your values. The app was configured to require no more than 10 minutes per session.
{"title":"Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy app developed for care workers involved in elderly care","authors":"S. Takeda, T. Fukuzaki, S. Nakayama","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12856","url":null,"abstract":"With the global spread of COVID-19 since 2020, care workers have been subject to serious psychological distress. Older adults are more likely to get severely ill from COVID-19. Therefore, care workers involved in elderly care are required to take strict infection control measures, leading to restrictions and other stressors in their daily lives. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has gained attention in recent years as a method for managing stress. With the current spread of COVID-19, online CBT interventions targeting healthcare workers are becoming increasingly common. However, these programs require many sessions implemented over a long period of time and may not be suitable for busy and tired care workers. Therefore, this study seeks to create and examine the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based app that care workers can quickly and easily use at home on a tablet device. The study participants were six care workers (two men and four women; mean age 50.3 11.4 years) who work for a social welfare corporation and provide homevisit care to elderly people. This study was approved by the Tottori University Ethical Review Board. All participants providedwritten informed consent. The app consisted of five modules. The first module comprised a task to enable participants to gain an understanding of the correspondence between thoughts and moods. The second module comprised a task to enable participants to notice negative moods, in which participants looked back on their day and selected the mood they felt most strongly from among the nine negative moods. The third module comprised a task which enabled participants to notice the thoughts that came into their minds, in which participants were asked to put in those thoughts when they were experiencing a negative mood. The app displayed suggestions for typical examples of thoughts corresponding to each mood. The fourth module comprised a task which enabled participants to find rational ways of thinking, in which participants were asked to think of and put in rational thoughts that were different from negative thoughts by thinking about them from a different perspective. The app displayed suggestions for rational thoughts corresponding to each of the moods. The fifth module comprised a task that enabled participants to think about behaviours that they could implement that would make the next day more pleasant. The app provided suggestions for four different ways of thinking about pleasant activities, such as: simple actions, specific actions, things that you want to do instead of things that you ‘should’ do, and actions that match up with your values. The app was configured to require no more than 10 minutes per session.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44465083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kajiwara, J. Kako, Masamitsu Kobayashi, H. Noto, Ayako Ogata
Dear Editor, We read with interest the report by Fang et al. on the comparison of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Chinese patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and the analysis of the modifiable factors. The authors reported significant differences in BPSD between the EOAD and LOAD groups at baseline. We would like to discuss their result in detail below. Fang et al. reported that worse caregiver attitudes were associated with more severe overall psychobehavioural symptoms in the EOAD group. Additionally, the authors showed that an improvement in BPSD was associated with positive attitudes and fewer expressions of criticism. We agree that positive aspects of caregiving are important. However, previous longitudinal studies have reported that BPSD impacts caregiver burden. We believe that both positive and negative aspects of caregiving are important. We wonder if caregiver burden of negative aspects among caregivers may be considered a confounding factor. Therefore, we are interested in an analysis of the negative aspects with regard to caregivers in this study. Undoubtedly, it is important to focus on BPSD in patients with EOAD and LOAD. Fang et al. provide useful data on the same. We believe that focusing on BPSD may support caregiving at home for Chinese patients with EOAD and LOAD in the future.
{"title":"Behavioural and psychological symptoms of early‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease among Chinese adults","authors":"K. Kajiwara, J. Kako, Masamitsu Kobayashi, H. Noto, Ayako Ogata","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12857","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, We read with interest the report by Fang et al. on the comparison of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Chinese patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and the analysis of the modifiable factors. The authors reported significant differences in BPSD between the EOAD and LOAD groups at baseline. We would like to discuss their result in detail below. Fang et al. reported that worse caregiver attitudes were associated with more severe overall psychobehavioural symptoms in the EOAD group. Additionally, the authors showed that an improvement in BPSD was associated with positive attitudes and fewer expressions of criticism. We agree that positive aspects of caregiving are important. However, previous longitudinal studies have reported that BPSD impacts caregiver burden. We believe that both positive and negative aspects of caregiving are important. We wonder if caregiver burden of negative aspects among caregivers may be considered a confounding factor. Therefore, we are interested in an analysis of the negative aspects with regard to caregivers in this study. Undoubtedly, it is important to focus on BPSD in patients with EOAD and LOAD. Fang et al. provide useful data on the same. We believe that focusing on BPSD may support caregiving at home for Chinese patients with EOAD and LOAD in the future.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42051241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine the effect of simple calculation and reading aloud on postoperative cognitive function and depression level in older adults.
本研究旨在确定简单计算和大声朗读对老年人术后认知功能和抑郁水平的影响。
{"title":"Effect of simple calculation and reading aloud on cognitive function and depression in postoperative older adults","authors":"Funda Çetinkaya, M. Diri, M. Gül","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12861","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effect of simple calculation and reading aloud on postoperative cognitive function and depression level in older adults.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43095382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiwu Tian, Chuyan Xiong, Yingmin Wang, H. Tao, Shuang Zhou, Jun Yan
Dementia caregivers suffer from mental health problems while caring for dementia patients. As a core value, familism has been linked to the mental health of dementia caregivers. This study aims to systematically review the familism of dementia caregivers and to examine the association between familism and mental health of anxiety, depression, and burden in empirical research studies.
{"title":"Association between familism and mental health in dementia caregivers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis","authors":"Zhiwu Tian, Chuyan Xiong, Yingmin Wang, H. Tao, Shuang Zhou, Jun Yan","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12843","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia caregivers suffer from mental health problems while caring for dementia patients. As a core value, familism has been linked to the mental health of dementia caregivers. This study aims to systematically review the familism of dementia caregivers and to examine the association between familism and mental health of anxiety, depression, and burden in empirical research studies.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42069384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An increasing number of studies have investigated the neural networks and brain regions activated by different aspects of religious faith or spiritual practice. The extent to which religiousness and spirituality are dependent on the integrity of neural circuits is a question unique to neurological illnesses. Several studies have reported that neural networks and brain areas represent the various components of religious faith or spiritual activity in recent decades. In addition to research in healthy people, another strategy is to observe if neurological abnormalities caused by stroke, tumour, brain damage, or degenerative sickness are accompanied by an alteration in religiosity or spirituality. Similarly, Parkinson's disease (PD), an ailment characterized by dopaminergic neuron malfunction, has been utilized to explore the role of dopaminergic networks in the practice, experience, and maintenance of religious or spiritual beliefs. Case–control and priming studies have demonstrated a decline in spirituality and religion in people with PD due to dopaminergic degeneration. These studies could not adequately control for confounding variables and lacked methodological rigour. Using qualitative and quantitative assessments, a mixed‐method approach might shed additional light on putative religious beliefs alterations in PD. In the current review paper, we discussed the recent research on the impact of PD on spiritual beliefs and spirituality.
{"title":"Spiritual care for the management of Parkinson's disease: Where we are and how far can we go","authors":"Jianting Gao, Qunjuan Wang, Qin Wu, Yu Weng, H. Lu, Jingzhi Xu","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12834","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of studies have investigated the neural networks and brain regions activated by different aspects of religious faith or spiritual practice. The extent to which religiousness and spirituality are dependent on the integrity of neural circuits is a question unique to neurological illnesses. Several studies have reported that neural networks and brain areas represent the various components of religious faith or spiritual activity in recent decades. In addition to research in healthy people, another strategy is to observe if neurological abnormalities caused by stroke, tumour, brain damage, or degenerative sickness are accompanied by an alteration in religiosity or spirituality. Similarly, Parkinson's disease (PD), an ailment characterized by dopaminergic neuron malfunction, has been utilized to explore the role of dopaminergic networks in the practice, experience, and maintenance of religious or spiritual beliefs. Case–control and priming studies have demonstrated a decline in spirituality and religion in people with PD due to dopaminergic degeneration. These studies could not adequately control for confounding variables and lacked methodological rigour. Using qualitative and quantitative assessments, a mixed‐method approach might shed additional light on putative religious beliefs alterations in PD. In the current review paper, we discussed the recent research on the impact of PD on spiritual beliefs and spirituality.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To the editor: Delirium is a common geriatric syndrome that is characterised by an acute change in attention, cognition, and consciousness. The common causes of delirium include medical illness, intoxication, and medications. Delirium is often treatable once the underlying aetiologies are identified and corrected. Fluconazole is effectively used for several fungal infections. The most common side effects are headache, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and abdominal pain. Here, we describe a rare case of fluconazole-induced delirium in an older patient with schizophrenia. A 69-year-old woman was hospitalised in our psychiatric ward and presented with auditory hallucination, self-talking, and declined cognitive function. Schizophrenia had been diagnosed when she was 35 years old. During admission, she was treated with risperidone 2 mg/day for psychotic symptoms and biperiden 4 mg/day for antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism. One day, she complained of severe itching of the head. Physical examinations revealed a rash, scaly skin, and pustules on the scalp. Tinea capitis was suspected and she was treated with 300 mg/day of oral fluconazole. After 1 week, she presented with confusion, slow response, forgetfulness, and disorientation. Acute delirium was diagnosed by the rapid decline in cognitive function from baseline mental function. To identify the cause of delirium, a comprehensive evaluation was performed. Complete blood count, serum electrolytes, liver and renal function tests, blood glucose, thyroid function, chest X-ray, brain computed tomography scan, and electroencephalogram were unremarkable. She did not have a history of substance abuse or neurological disease and no other infections were found. As these were inconclusive, we examined her current medications. Fluconazole-induced delirium was favoured as fluconazole was only recently added. We discontinued fluconazole and delirium improved after 4 days. In this case, the adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale (Naranjo score) was 5, which means ‘probable’ adverse reaction of fluconazole resulting in delirium. In this case, delirium developed after oral fluconazole use and the patient recovered after treatment was discontinued. Therefore, the most probable cause of delirium in this patient was the use of fluconazole. We postulated that delirium was caused in this patient due to cholinergic deficiency. Fluconazole is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 system, particularly isozymes CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9. Accordingly, fluconazole may inhibit metabolism and increase the concentration of any drug metabolised by these enzymes. Therefore, anticholinergic burden might increase once fluconazole is introduced. In this case, the possible mechanism of delirium is the inhibition of metabolism of biperiden (an anticholinergic drug) by fluconazole. Notably, older patients are more sensitive to the effects of anticholinergic activity because of reduction in hepatic and renal clearance of medicati
{"title":"Fluconazole‐induced delirium in an older patient with schizophrenia","authors":"T. Hu, Chia-Liang Wu","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12844","url":null,"abstract":"To the editor: Delirium is a common geriatric syndrome that is characterised by an acute change in attention, cognition, and consciousness. The common causes of delirium include medical illness, intoxication, and medications. Delirium is often treatable once the underlying aetiologies are identified and corrected. Fluconazole is effectively used for several fungal infections. The most common side effects are headache, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and abdominal pain. Here, we describe a rare case of fluconazole-induced delirium in an older patient with schizophrenia. A 69-year-old woman was hospitalised in our psychiatric ward and presented with auditory hallucination, self-talking, and declined cognitive function. Schizophrenia had been diagnosed when she was 35 years old. During admission, she was treated with risperidone 2 mg/day for psychotic symptoms and biperiden 4 mg/day for antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism. One day, she complained of severe itching of the head. Physical examinations revealed a rash, scaly skin, and pustules on the scalp. Tinea capitis was suspected and she was treated with 300 mg/day of oral fluconazole. After 1 week, she presented with confusion, slow response, forgetfulness, and disorientation. Acute delirium was diagnosed by the rapid decline in cognitive function from baseline mental function. To identify the cause of delirium, a comprehensive evaluation was performed. Complete blood count, serum electrolytes, liver and renal function tests, blood glucose, thyroid function, chest X-ray, brain computed tomography scan, and electroencephalogram were unremarkable. She did not have a history of substance abuse or neurological disease and no other infections were found. As these were inconclusive, we examined her current medications. Fluconazole-induced delirium was favoured as fluconazole was only recently added. We discontinued fluconazole and delirium improved after 4 days. In this case, the adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale (Naranjo score) was 5, which means ‘probable’ adverse reaction of fluconazole resulting in delirium. In this case, delirium developed after oral fluconazole use and the patient recovered after treatment was discontinued. Therefore, the most probable cause of delirium in this patient was the use of fluconazole. We postulated that delirium was caused in this patient due to cholinergic deficiency. Fluconazole is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 system, particularly isozymes CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9. Accordingly, fluconazole may inhibit metabolism and increase the concentration of any drug metabolised by these enzymes. Therefore, anticholinergic burden might increase once fluconazole is introduced. In this case, the possible mechanism of delirium is the inhibition of metabolism of biperiden (an anticholinergic drug) by fluconazole. Notably, older patients are more sensitive to the effects of anticholinergic activity because of reduction in hepatic and renal clearance of medicati","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":"22 1","pages":"588 - 589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45042903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neziha Erken, D. Kaya, F. S. Dost, Esra Ates Bulut, A. Işık
Widespread prescription of antidepressants and their resulting role in serotonin syndrome (SS) are of great importance for clinical practice in the elderly. This study aims to investigate possible associations of antidepressant drug‐induced SS with related variables in these patients.
{"title":"Antidepressant‐induced serotonin syndrome in older patients: a cross‐sectional study","authors":"Neziha Erken, D. Kaya, F. S. Dost, Esra Ates Bulut, A. Işık","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12849","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread prescription of antidepressants and their resulting role in serotonin syndrome (SS) are of great importance for clinical practice in the elderly. This study aims to investigate possible associations of antidepressant drug‐induced SS with related variables in these patients.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43789657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shusei Arafuka, H. Fujishiro, S. Iritani, Youta Torii, Ayako Miwa, H. Yabata, Hirotaka Sekiguchi, Chikako Habuchi, K. Kawashima, Mari Yoshida, Y. Iwasaki, N. Ozaki
Shusei ARAFUKA , Hiroshige FUJISHIRO , Shuji IRITANI, Youta TORII, Ayako MIWA, Hiroyuki YABATA, Hirotaka SEKIGUCHI, Chikako HABUCHI, Kunihiro KAWASHIMA, Mari YOSHIDA, Yasushi IWASAKI 2 and Norio OZAKI Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Moriyama General Mental Hospital and Aichi Psychiatric Medical Centre, Nagoya, Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Ageing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute and Okehazama Hospital, Brain Research Institute, Toyoake, Japan Correspondence, Hiroshige Fujishiro, MD, PhD Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466–8550 Japan., Email: fujishiro17@hotmail.co.jp A field of the journal: Functional Brain Imaging and Physiology
{"title":"Striatal 123I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3b‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography demonstrates nigral degeneration in the early stage of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: an autopsy case with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with trans‐activation re","authors":"Shusei Arafuka, H. Fujishiro, S. Iritani, Youta Torii, Ayako Miwa, H. Yabata, Hirotaka Sekiguchi, Chikako Habuchi, K. Kawashima, Mari Yoshida, Y. Iwasaki, N. Ozaki","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12842","url":null,"abstract":"Shusei ARAFUKA , Hiroshige FUJISHIRO , Shuji IRITANI, Youta TORII, Ayako MIWA, Hiroyuki YABATA, Hirotaka SEKIGUCHI, Chikako HABUCHI, Kunihiro KAWASHIMA, Mari YOSHIDA, Yasushi IWASAKI 2 and Norio OZAKI Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Moriyama General Mental Hospital and Aichi Psychiatric Medical Centre, Nagoya, Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Ageing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute and Okehazama Hospital, Brain Research Institute, Toyoake, Japan Correspondence, Hiroshige Fujishiro, MD, PhD Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466–8550 Japan., Email: fujishiro17@hotmail.co.jp A field of the journal: Functional Brain Imaging and Physiology","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44993426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youshun Boku, Miho Ota, M. Nemoto, Y. Numata, Aya Kitabatake, Takumi Takahashi, K. Nemoto, Masashi Tamura, Aya Sekine, Masayuki Ide, Y. Kaneda, T. Arai
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal phase of dementia and is considered an important period for intervention to prevent conversion to dementia. It has been well established that multicomponent day‐care programs including exercise training, cognitive intervention and music therapy have beneficial effects on cognition, but the effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MCI remain unknown. This study examined whether a multicomponent day‐care program would have beneficial effects on the longitudinal changes of CBF in MCI patients.
{"title":"Effects of a multicomponent day‐care program on cerebral blood flow in patients with mild cognitive impairment","authors":"Youshun Boku, Miho Ota, M. Nemoto, Y. Numata, Aya Kitabatake, Takumi Takahashi, K. Nemoto, Masashi Tamura, Aya Sekine, Masayuki Ide, Y. Kaneda, T. Arai","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12847","url":null,"abstract":"Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal phase of dementia and is considered an important period for intervention to prevent conversion to dementia. It has been well established that multicomponent day‐care programs including exercise training, cognitive intervention and music therapy have beneficial effects on cognition, but the effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MCI remain unknown. This study examined whether a multicomponent day‐care program would have beneficial effects on the longitudinal changes of CBF in MCI patients.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41991000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editor, We read with great interest the study of Gokcekuyu et al., which has just been published in your journal. In this study, the authors aimed to validate a fivequestion version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) in the elderly Turkish population, but actually the GDS-5 was previously revalidated in Turkish by Dokuzlar et al. The study of Gokcekuyu et al. seems valuable; however, some methodological considerations need to be taken into account when validating the short forms of scales used for screening. Just like in this study, Dokuzlar et al.’s aimed to validate the GDS-4 and GDS-5 in Turkish elderly patients, and outpatients to geriatric clinics were included in both studies. However, due to the fact that these studies were conducted in two different sociocultural regions of Turkey, the sensitivity of the GDS-5 was higher (96.4% vs 85.8%) and the specificity was lower (67.7% vs 92.1%) depending on the differences in the education levels of the participants. However, the important finding common to both studies is that the Cronbach’s α value is below 0.7, that is, the internal consistency coefficient is at a questionable level, which means that the GDS-5 or some of its items do not represent respondents with depression. To solve this problem, by performing Kappa consistency analysis, the inter-rater reliability of each of the items in the long form of the GDS can be checked, and community-specific short forms can be produced with those items having the highest kappa values.We also applied thismethod to ensure the validity in developing the Turkish GDS-5 (TGDS-5). Thus, we found that the TGDS-5 and the original GDS-5 have only one common item (‘Do you often get bored?’). Other items differed from the GDS-5; however, the Cronbach’s α of the TGDS-5 increased to 0.807, that is, the internal consistency coefficient was ‘good’. In our study, although the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of theGDS-5were high, its sensitivity valuewas significantly lower, and low a sensitivity value for a screening tool limits its use. Due to the mentioned drawbacks and the low internal consistency of the GDS-5 (according to the Cronbach’s α analysis), the use of the GDS-5 in Turkish older adults is not appropriate. Since the sensitivity and negative predictive values of the short TGDS-5 are higher than its specificity and PPV, the TGDS-5 is more effective for excluding depression rather than for diagnosing depression. Thus, the TGDS-5 may be useful as a first-stage screening test in a daily practice. As a result, the contribution of Gokcekuyu et al.’s study to the literature is significant. However, it seems to be beneficial to develop appropriate scales for each population, according to their sociocultural characteristics. Thus, the TGDS-5might be amore appropriate test for depression in the Turkish elderly than the GDS-5.
{"title":"The development of a short depression screening tool in older adults","authors":"P. Soysal, L. Smith","doi":"10.1111/psyg.12846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12846","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, We read with great interest the study of Gokcekuyu et al., which has just been published in your journal. In this study, the authors aimed to validate a fivequestion version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) in the elderly Turkish population, but actually the GDS-5 was previously revalidated in Turkish by Dokuzlar et al. The study of Gokcekuyu et al. seems valuable; however, some methodological considerations need to be taken into account when validating the short forms of scales used for screening. Just like in this study, Dokuzlar et al.’s aimed to validate the GDS-4 and GDS-5 in Turkish elderly patients, and outpatients to geriatric clinics were included in both studies. However, due to the fact that these studies were conducted in two different sociocultural regions of Turkey, the sensitivity of the GDS-5 was higher (96.4% vs 85.8%) and the specificity was lower (67.7% vs 92.1%) depending on the differences in the education levels of the participants. However, the important finding common to both studies is that the Cronbach’s α value is below 0.7, that is, the internal consistency coefficient is at a questionable level, which means that the GDS-5 or some of its items do not represent respondents with depression. To solve this problem, by performing Kappa consistency analysis, the inter-rater reliability of each of the items in the long form of the GDS can be checked, and community-specific short forms can be produced with those items having the highest kappa values.We also applied thismethod to ensure the validity in developing the Turkish GDS-5 (TGDS-5). Thus, we found that the TGDS-5 and the original GDS-5 have only one common item (‘Do you often get bored?’). Other items differed from the GDS-5; however, the Cronbach’s α of the TGDS-5 increased to 0.807, that is, the internal consistency coefficient was ‘good’. In our study, although the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of theGDS-5were high, its sensitivity valuewas significantly lower, and low a sensitivity value for a screening tool limits its use. Due to the mentioned drawbacks and the low internal consistency of the GDS-5 (according to the Cronbach’s α analysis), the use of the GDS-5 in Turkish older adults is not appropriate. Since the sensitivity and negative predictive values of the short TGDS-5 are higher than its specificity and PPV, the TGDS-5 is more effective for excluding depression rather than for diagnosing depression. Thus, the TGDS-5 may be useful as a first-stage screening test in a daily practice. As a result, the contribution of Gokcekuyu et al.’s study to the literature is significant. However, it seems to be beneficial to develop appropriate scales for each population, according to their sociocultural characteristics. Thus, the TGDS-5might be amore appropriate test for depression in the Turkish elderly than the GDS-5.","PeriodicalId":20784,"journal":{"name":"Psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46196066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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