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AI Improves Nodule Detection on Chest Radiographs in a Health Screening Population. 人工智能提高了健康筛查人群胸部 X 光片上结节的检测率。
IF 5.6 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.249003
Cristina Marrocchio, Ludovica Leo
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Utility of Abbreviated Breast MRI to Assess Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. 简略乳腺 MRI 对评估新辅助化疗反应的临床实用性
IF 5.6 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.249002
Felicia Tang, Jessica Hayward
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引用次数: 0
Primary Axillary Vein Leiomyosarcoma in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Li-Fraumeni综合征中的原发性腋静脉横纹肌肉瘤
IF 5.6 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230184
Mohd Zulkimi Roslly, Noorjehan Omar, Mohd Syafiq Naim
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Adherence to US LI-RADS Follow-up Recommendations in Vulnerable Patients Undergoing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance. 评估接受肝细胞癌监测的易感患者对美国 LI-RADS 随访建议的遵守情况。
IF 5.6 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230118
Hailey H Choi, Stephanie Kim, Dorothy J Shum, Chiung-Yu Huang, Amy Shui, Rena K Fox, Mandana Khalili

Purpose To assess adherence to the US Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) recommendations for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance and associated patient-level factors in a vulnerable, diverse patient sample. Materials and Methods The radiology report database was queried retrospectively for patients who underwent US LI-RADS-based surveillance examinations at a single institution between June 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021. Initial US and follow-up liver imaging were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were captured from electronic medical records. Adherence to radiologist recommendation was defined as imaging (US, CT, or MRI) follow-up in 5-7 months for US-1, imaging follow-up in 3-6 months for US-2, and CT or MRI follow-up in 2 months for US-3. Descriptive analysis and multivariable modeling that adjusted for age, sex, race, and time since COVID-19 pandemic onset were performed. Results Among 936 patients, the mean age was 59.1 years; 531 patients (56.7%) were male and 544 (58.1%) were Asian or Pacific Islander, 91 (9.7%) were Black, 129 (13.8%) were Hispanic, 147 (15.7%) were White, and 25 (2.7%) self-reported as other race. The overall adherence rate was 38.8% (95% CI: 35.7, 41.9). The most common liver disease etiology was hepatitis B (60.6% [657 of 936 patients]); 19.7% of patients (183 of 936) had current or past substance use disorder, and 44.8% (416 of 936) smoked. At adjusted multivariable analysis, older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; P = .02), male sex (OR, 1.62; P = .003), hepatology clinic attendance (OR, 3.81; P < .001), and recent prior US examination (OR, 2.44; P < .001) were associated with full adherence, while current smoking (OR, 0.39; P < .001) was negatively associated. Conclusion Adherence to HCC imaging surveillance was suboptimal, despite US LI-RADS implementation. Keywords: Liver, Ultrasound, Screening, Abdomen/GI, Cirrhosis, Metabolic Disorders, Socioeconomic Issues Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.

目的 评估脆弱、多样化患者样本对美国肝脏成像报告和数据系统(LI-RADS)肝细胞癌(HCC)监测建议的遵守情况以及相关的患者水平因素。材料与方法 对 2020 年 6 月 1 日至 2021 年 2 月 28 日期间在一家机构接受基于美国 LI-RADS 监测检查的患者的放射学报告数据库进行了回顾性查询。其中包括初始 US 和随访肝脏成像。社会人口学和临床数据均来自电子病历。坚持放射科医生建议的定义是:US-1 在 5-7 个月内进行成像(US、CT 或 MRI)随访,US-2 在 3-6 个月内进行成像随访,US-3 在 2 个月内进行 CT 或 MRI 随访。对年龄、性别、种族和 COVID-19 大流行发病时间进行了描述性分析和多变量模型调整。结果 936 名患者中,平均年龄为 59.1 岁;531 名患者(56.7%)为男性,544 名患者(58.1%)为亚裔或太平洋岛民,91 名患者(9.7%)为黑人,129 名患者(13.8%)为西班牙裔,147 名患者(15.7%)为白人,25 名患者(2.7%)自称为其他种族。总体依从率为 38.8%(95% CI:35.7, 41.9)。最常见的肝病病因是乙型肝炎(60.6% [936 位患者中的 657 位]);19.7% 的患者(936 位患者中的 183 位)目前或过去患有药物使用障碍,44.8% 的患者(936 位患者中的 416 位)吸烟。在调整后的多变量分析中,年龄较大(比值比 [OR],1.20;P = .02)、男性(OR,1.62;P = .003)、肝病门诊就诊率(OR,3.81;P < .001)和近期接受过 US 检查(OR,2.44;P < .001)与完全依从性相关,而当前吸烟(OR,0.39;P < .001)与完全依从性呈负相关。结论 尽管美国实施了LI-RADS,但HCC成像监测的依从性并不理想。关键词: 肝脏 超声波 筛查肝脏 超声波 筛查 腹部/GI 肝硬化 代谢紊乱 社会经济问题 本文有补充材料。© RSNA, 2024.
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引用次数: 0
T1-weighted Hyperintense Cystic Renal Masses (Bosniak Version 2019 Class II and IIF): Risk of Malignancy. T1加权高张力囊性肾肿块(Bosniak 2019版II级和IIF):恶性肿瘤风险。
IF 5.6 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.249001
Anupama Ramachandran
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引用次数: 0
Disparities in the Demographic Composition of The Cancer Imaging Archive. 癌症成像档案人口构成的差异。
IF 5.6 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230100
Aidan Dulaney, John Virostko

Purpose To characterize the demographic distribution of The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) studies and compare them with those of the U.S. cancer population. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, data from TCIA studies were examined for the inclusion of demographic information. Of 189 studies in TCIA up until April 2023, a total of 83 human cancer studies were found to contain supporting demographic data. The median patient age and the sex, race, and ethnicity proportions of each study were calculated and compared with those of the U.S. cancer population, provided by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool. Results The median age of TCIA patients was found to be 6.84 years lower than that of the U.S. cancer population (P = .047) and contained more female than male patients (53% vs 47%). American Indian and Alaska Native, Black or African American, and Hispanic patients were underrepresented in TCIA studies by 47.7%, 35.8%, and 14.7%, respectively, compared with the U.S. cancer population. Conclusion The results demonstrate that the patient demographics of TCIA data sets do not reflect those of the U.S. cancer population, which may decrease the generalizability of artificial intelligence radiology tools developed using these imaging data sets. Keywords: Ethics, Meta-Analysis, Health Disparities, Cancer Health Disparities, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Race, Ethnicity, Sex, Age, Bias Published under a CC BY 4.0 license.

目的 描述癌症成像档案(TCIA)研究的人口分布特征,并将其与美国癌症患者的人口分布进行比较。材料与方法 在这项回顾性研究中,我们检查了 TCIA 研究的数据,以纳入人口统计学信息。在截至 2023 年 4 月的 189 项 TCIA 研究中,共发现 83 项人类癌症研究包含支持性人口统计学数据。我们计算了每项研究的患者年龄中位数以及性别、种族和民族比例,并将其与监测、流行病学和最终结果计划以及美国疾病控制和预防中心的美国癌症统计数据可视化工具提供的美国癌症人口比例进行了比较。结果发现,TCIA 患者的中位年龄比美国癌症患者低 6.84 岁(P = .047),女性患者多于男性患者(53% 对 47%)。与美国癌症患者相比,美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民、黑人或非裔美国人以及西班牙裔患者在 TCIA 研究中的比例偏低,分别为 47.7%、35.8% 和 14.7%。结论 研究结果表明,TCIA 数据集的患者人口统计学特征并不反映美国癌症患者的人口统计学特征,这可能会降低利用这些成像数据集开发的人工智能放射学工具的普适性。关键词伦理、元分析、健康差异、癌症健康差异、机器学习、人工智能、种族、民族、性别、年龄、偏差 采用 CC BY 4.0 许可发布。
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引用次数: 0
Current State of Functional MRI in the Presurgical Planning of Brain Tumors. 脑肿瘤术前规划中功能性MRI的现状。
IF 4.4 Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230078
Dhairya A Lakhani, David S Sabsevitz, Kaisorn L Chaichana, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, Erik H Middlebrooks

Surgical resection of brain tumors is challenging because of the delicate balance between maximizing tumor removal and preserving vital brain functions. Functional MRI (fMRI) offers noninvasive preoperative mapping of widely distributed brain areas and is increasingly used in presurgical functional mapping. However, its impact on survival and functional outcomes is still not well-supported by evidence. Task-based fMRI (tb-fMRI) maps blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes during specific tasks, while resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) examines spontaneous brain activity. rs-fMRI may be useful for patients who cannot perform tasks, but its reliability is affected by tumor-induced changes, challenges in data processing, and noise. Validation studies comparing fMRI with direct cortical stimulation (DCS) show variable concordance, particularly for cognitive functions such as language; however, concordance for tb-fMRI is generally greater than that for rs-fMRI. Preoperative fMRI, in combination with MRI tractography and intraoperative DCS, may result in improved survival and extent of resection and reduced functional deficits. fMRI has the potential to guide surgical planning and help identify targets for intraoperative mapping, but there is currently limited prospective evidence of its impact on patient outcomes. This review describes the current state of fMRI for preoperative assessment in patients undergoing brain tumor resection. Keywords: MR-Functional Imaging, CNS, Brain/Brain Stem, Anatomy, Oncology, Functional MRI, Functional Anatomy, Task-based, Resting State, Surgical Planning, Brain Tumor © RSNA, 2023.

脑肿瘤的手术切除具有挑战性,因为在最大限度地切除肿瘤和保留重要的脑功能之间存在微妙的平衡。功能性MRI(fMRI)提供了广泛分布的大脑区域的无创术前标测,并越来越多地用于术前功能标测。然而,它对生存和功能结果的影响仍然没有很好的证据支持。基于任务的fMRI(tb-fMRI)绘制特定任务期间血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)信号的变化,而静息状态fMRI(rs-fMRI)检查自发的大脑活动。rs功能磁共振成像可能对不能执行任务的患者有用,但其可靠性受到肿瘤引起的变化、数据处理的挑战和噪声的影响。将功能磁共振成像与直接皮层刺激(DCS)进行比较的验证研究显示出不同的一致性,尤其是在语言等认知功能方面;然而,tb-fMRI的一致性通常大于rs-fMRI。术前功能磁共振成像,结合MRI束成像和术中DCS,可以提高生存率和切除范围,减少功能缺陷。功能磁共振成像有可能指导手术计划并帮助确定术中标测的目标,但目前关于其对患者预后影响的前瞻性证据有限。这篇综述描述了功能磁共振成像在脑肿瘤切除术前评估中的现状。关键词:MR功能成像,中枢神经系统,脑/脑干,解剖学,肿瘤学,功能MRI,功能解剖学,基于任务的,静息状态,手术计划,脑肿瘤©RSNA,2023。
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引用次数: 0
Current Status of Cancer Genomics and Imaging Phenotypes: What Radiologists Need to Know. 癌症基因组学和成像表型的现状:放射学家需要知道的。
IF 4.4 Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.220153
Eva Mendes Serrão, Maximiliano Klug, Brian M Moloney, Aaditeya Jhaveri, Roberto Lo Gullo, Katja Pinker, Gary Luker, Masoom A Haider, Atul B Shinagare, Xiaoyang Liu

Ongoing discoveries in cancer genomics and epigenomics have revolutionized clinical oncology and precision health care. This knowledge provides unprecedented insights into tumor biology and heterogeneity within a single tumor, among primary and metastatic lesions, and among patients with the same histologic type of cancer. Large-scale genomic sequencing studies also sparked the development of new tumor classifications, biomarkers, and targeted therapies. Because of the central role of imaging in cancer diagnosis and therapy, radiologists need to be familiar with the basic concepts of genomics, which are now becoming the new norm in oncologic clinical practice. By incorporating these concepts into clinical practice, radiologists can make their imaging interpretations more meaningful and specific, facilitate multidisciplinary clinical dialogue and interventions, and provide better patient-centric care. This review article highlights basic concepts of genomics and epigenomics, reviews the most common genetic alterations in cancer, and discusses the implications of these concepts on imaging by organ system in a case-based manner. This information will help stimulate new innovations in imaging research, accelerate the development and validation of new imaging biomarkers, and motivate efforts to bring new molecular and functional imaging methods to clinical radiology. Keywords: Oncology, Cancer Genomics, Epignomics, Radiogenomics, Imaging Markers Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.

癌症基因组学和表观基因组学的不断发现彻底改变了临床肿瘤学和精准医疗。这一知识为单个肿瘤、原发性和转移性病灶以及同一组织学类型癌症患者的肿瘤生物学和异质性提供了前所未有的见解。大规模的基因组测序研究也引发了新的肿瘤分类、生物标志物和靶向疗法的发展。由于影像学在癌症诊断和治疗中的核心作用,放射科医生需要熟悉基因组学的基本概念,这正成为肿瘤临床实践的新规范。通过将这些概念融入临床实践,放射科医生可以使他们的成像解释更有意义和具体性,促进多学科临床对话和干预,并提供更好的以患者为中心的护理。这篇综述文章强调了基因组学和表观基因组学的基本概念,回顾了癌症最常见的基因改变,并以基于病例的方式讨论了这些概念对器官系统成像的影响。这些信息将有助于刺激成像研究的新创新,加速新的成像生物标志物的开发和验证,并推动将新的分子和功能成像方法引入临床放射学。关键词:肿瘤学,癌症基因组学,表观遗传学,放射基因组学,成像标记物补充材料可用于本文。©RSNA,2023年。
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引用次数: 0
Noninferiority in Overall Survival with Thermal Ablation for Treating Small Colorectal Liver Metastases. 热消融治疗小肠癌肝转移总生存率的非劣效性。
IF 4.4 Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.239020
Yuan-Mao Lin
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引用次数: 0
MR Fingerprinting for Contrast Agent-free and Quantitative Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions. 无造影剂和定量表征局灶性肝脏病变的MR指纹图谱。
IF 4.4 Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230036
Shohei Fujita, Katsuhiro Sano, Gastao Cruz, Carlos Velasco, Hideo Kawasaki, Yuki Fukumura, Masami Yoneyama, Akiyoshi Suzuki, Kotaro Yamamoto, Yuichi Morita, Takashi Arai, Issei Fukunaga, Wataru Uchida, Koji Kamagata, Osamu Abe, Ryohei Kuwatsuru, Akio Saiura, Kenichi Ikejima, René Botnar, Claudia Prieto, Shigeki Aoki

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of liver MR fingerprinting (MRF) for quantitative characterization and diagnosis of focal liver lesions. Materials and Methods This single-site, prospective study included 89 participants (mean age, 62 years ± 15 [SD]; 45 women, 44 men) with various focal liver lesions who underwent MRI between October 2021 and August 2022. The participants underwent routine clinical MRI, non-contrast-enhanced liver MRF, and reference quantitative MRI with a 1.5-T MRI scanner. The bias and repeatability of the MRF measurements were assessed using linear regression, Bland-Altman plots, and coefficients of variation. The diagnostic capability of MRF-derived T1, T2, T2*, proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and a combination of these metrics to distinguish benign from malignant lesions was analyzed according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Liver MRF measurements showed moderate to high agreement with reference measurements (intraclass correlation = 0.94, 0.77, 0.45, and 0.61 for T1, T2, T2*, and PDFF, respectively), with underestimation of T2 values (mean bias in lesion = -0.5%, -29%, 5.8%, and -8.2% for T1, T2, T2*, and PDFF, respectively). The median coefficients of variation for repeatability of T1, T2, and T2* values were 2.5% (IQR, 3.6%), 3.1% (IQR, 5.6%), and 6.6% (IQR, 13.9%), respectively. After considering multicollinearity, a combination of MRF measurements showed a high diagnostic performance in differentiating benign from malignant lesions (AUC = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.86, 0.98]). Conclusion Liver MRF enabled the quantitative characterization of various focal liver lesions in a single breath-hold acquisition. Keywords: MR Imaging, Abdomen/GI, Liver, Imaging Sequences, Technical Aspects, Tissue Characterization, Technology Assessment, Diagnosis, Liver Lesions, MR Fingerprinting, Quantitative Characterization Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.

目的探讨肝脏MR指纹识别(MRF)在肝局灶性病变定量诊断中的可行性。材料与方法本研究纳入89名参与者(平均年龄62岁±15岁[SD];45名女性,44名男性)在2021年10月至2022年8月期间接受了MRI检查。参与者接受常规临床MRI,非对比增强肝脏MRI和参考定量MRI与1.5 t MRI扫描仪。使用线性回归、Bland-Altman图和变异系数评估MRF测量的偏倚和可重复性。根据受者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分析mrf衍生的T1、T2、T2*、质子密度脂肪分数(PDFF)以及这些指标的组合对良恶性病变的诊断能力。结果肝脏MRF测量值与参考测量值具有中等至高度的一致性(T1、T2、T2*和PDFF的类内相关性分别为0.94、0.77、0.45和0.61),T2值被低估(T1、T2、T2*和PDFF的病变平均偏差分别为-0.5%、-29%、5.8%和-8.2%)。T1、T2和T2*值的重复性变异系数中位数分别为2.5% (IQR, 3.6%)、3.1% (IQR, 5.6%)和6.6% (IQR, 13.9%)。考虑多重共线性后,MRF测量组合在区分良恶性病变方面显示出很高的诊断性能(AUC = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.86, 0.98])。结论肝脏磁共振成像能够在单次屏气采集中定量表征各种局灶性肝脏病变。关键词:磁共振成像,腹部/胃肠道,肝脏,成像序列,技术方面,组织表征,技术评估,诊断,肝脏病变,磁共振指纹,定量表征本文有补充材料。©rsna, 2023。
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引用次数: 0
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Radiology. Imaging cancer
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