Process Biochemistry最新文献

Combinatorial optimization of cellular regulation and fermentation for high-efficiency expression of cephalosporin C acylase in Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌中高效表达头孢菌素C酰化酶的细胞调控与发酵组合优化

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.02.003

Xuyang Huang , Miaomiao Xia , Huina Dong , Xinyi Ren , Gang Fu , Bo Yuan , Aitong Jiang , Long Chen , Zhoutong Sun , Siriguleng Qian , Dawei Zhang

Cephalosporin antibiotics are among the most widely used β-lactam antibiotics in clinical practice, and their industrial production is a critical focus in the pharmaceutical field. The cephalosporin C acylase mutant A14 from Bosea sp. OK403 identified in our previous work exhibited low protein expression levels. In this study, we evaluated three strategies: rare codon optimization, fusion tag addition, and co-expression with molecular chaperone, to improve the expression of A14. Rare codon optimization had little effect on A14 expression. Six fusion tags (NusA, SUMO, GST, MBP, DsbC, TrxA) and ten molecular chaperone plasmids (pG-KJE8, pGro7, pKJE7, pG-Tf2, pTf16, PpiD, PpiA, SurA, FkpA, Skp) were evaluated. Both NusA fusion tag and pGro7 chaperone plasmid effectively enhance A14 expression. The highest A14 expression was observed in strain E-N + p, which co-expressed NusA and pGro7. Additionally, We optimized the fermentation of strain E-A14 in a 5 L bioreactor by adjusting parameters, media, and inducer addition timing. Strain E-N + p showed a 1.7-fold increase in protein titer (7.91 g/L) and a 2.1-fold increase in enzyme activity (340 U/L) compared to the original strain. This study provides an effective strategy for optimizing the production of cephalosporin C acylase and offers valuable insights for industrial-scale production of β-lactam antibiotics.

头孢菌素类抗生素是临床应用最广泛的β-内酰胺类抗生素之一，其工业化生产一直是制药领域的热点。在我们之前的工作中发现的Bosea sp. OK403的头孢菌素C酰化酶突变体A14表现出低蛋白表达水平。在本研究中，我们评估了三种策略：优化稀有密码子、添加融合标签和与分子伴侣共表达来提高A14的表达。罕见密码子优化对A14的表达影响不大。评估了6个融合标签（NusA、SUMO、GST、MBP、DsbC、TrxA）和10个分子伴侣质粒（pG-KJE8、pGro7、pKJE7、pG-Tf2、pTf16、PpiD、PpiA、SurA、FkpA、Skp）。NusA融合标签和pGro7伴侣质粒均能有效增强A14的表达。菌株E-N + p中A14表达量最高，该菌株共表达NusA和pGro7。此外，我们通过调整参数、培养基和诱导剂添加时间，优化了菌株E-A14在5 L生物反应器中的发酵。菌株E-N + p与原菌株相比，蛋白滴度提高1.7倍（7.91 g/L），酶活性提高2.1倍（340 U/L）。本研究为优化头孢菌素C酰化酶的生产提供了有效的策略，并为β-内酰胺类抗生素的工业化生产提供了有价值的见解。

{"title":"Combinatorial optimization of cellular regulation and fermentation for high-efficiency expression of cephalosporin C acylase in Escherichia coli","authors":"Xuyang Huang , Miaomiao Xia , Huina Dong , Xinyi Ren , Gang Fu , Bo Yuan , Aitong Jiang , Long Chen , Zhoutong Sun , Siriguleng Qian , Dawei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cephalosporin antibiotics are among the most widely used β-lactam antibiotics in clinical practice, and their industrial production is a critical focus in the pharmaceutical field. The cephalosporin C acylase mutant A14 from <em>Bosea sp</em>. OK403 identified in our previous work exhibited low protein expression levels. In this study, we evaluated three strategies: rare codon optimization, fusion tag addition, and co-expression with molecular chaperone, to improve the expression of A14. Rare codon optimization had little effect on A14 expression. Six fusion tags (NusA, SUMO, GST, MBP, DsbC, TrxA) and ten molecular chaperone plasmids (pG-KJE8, pGro7, pKJE7, pG-Tf2, pTf16, PpiD, PpiA, SurA, FkpA, Skp) were evaluated. Both NusA fusion tag and pGro7 chaperone plasmid effectively enhance A14 expression. The highest A14 expression was observed in strain E-N + p, which co-expressed NusA and pGro7. Additionally, We optimized the fermentation of strain E-A14 in a 5 L bioreactor by adjusting parameters, media, and inducer addition timing. Strain E-N + p showed a 1.7-fold increase in protein titer (7.91 g/L) and a 2.1-fold increase in enzyme activity (340 U/L) compared to the original strain. This study provides an effective strategy for optimizing the production of cephalosporin C acylase and offers valuable insights for industrial-scale production of β-lactam antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of biomass solid loading on ethanol fermentation with an engineered yeast 生物质固体负荷对工程酵母乙醇发酵的影响

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.02.002

Ying Tan , Haixin Peng , Mairui Zhang, Linjing Jia, Jikai Zhao

This study examined the impact of solid loading (5–20 wt%) on ethanol production from CaO-pretreated switchgrass under four scenarios: (SI) control with 8–12 mm particles, 20 FPU/g cellulase; (SII) increased enzyme dose (40 FPU/g); (SIII) addition of 3 % Tween80; and (SIV) reduced particle size (1–2 mm). The pH of pretreated slurry was adjusted with H₃PO₄, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were conducted using an engineered yeast without solid-liquid separation. Ethanol concentration followed a quadratic trend, while yield increased linearly with solid loading. SII and SIII achieved 2–7 g/L higher ethanol concentrations than SI. SIV offered slight improvements over SI at 5–10 wt%, but performance declined sharply at 20 wt%, with ethanol concentration falling to 3.5 g/L despite 30 g/L glucose and 51 g/L xylose remaining—suggesting unexpected yeast inhibition at high loadings. These findings can potentially guide the design of efficient ethanol production processes.

本研究在四种情况下考察了固体负荷（5-20 wt%）对草预处理柳枝稷乙醇产量的影响：（SI） 8-12 mm颗粒，20 FPU/g纤维素酶的对照；（SII）酶用量增加（40 FPU/g）；（三）添加3 % Tween80；（SIV）降低了颗粒尺寸（1 ~ 2 mm）。用H3PO4调节预处理后的料浆pH值，在无固液分离的情况下，利用工程酵母同时进行糖化发酵。乙醇浓度随固体负荷的增加呈二次曲线趋势，而产率随固体负荷的增加呈线性增加。SII和SIII的乙醇浓度比SI高2-7 g/L。SIV在5-10 wt%时比SI略有改善，但在20 wt%时性能急剧下降，乙醇浓度降至3.5 g/L，尽管葡萄糖为30 g/L，木糖为51 g/L，这表明在高负荷下酵母有意想不到的抑制作用。这些发现可以潜在地指导高效乙醇生产工艺的设计。

引用次数: 0

Improved sustainable production of fusel esters from various oleaginous raw materials: Exploring the efficient catalytic performance and reusability of immobilized lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 从各种含油原料中提高燃料酯的可持续生产：探索固定化脂肪酶Eversa®Transform 2.0的高效催化性能和可重复使用性

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.019

Felipe R. Carlos , Lucas B. Matheus , Raynara P. da Silva , Johan M. Rios Marin , Milson S. Barbosa , Cleide M.F. Soares , Jaine H.H. Luiz , Adriano A. Mendes

This study aims to improve the production of fusel esters from various oleaginous raw materials using lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 (ET2.0) immobilized on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) beads (PSty-DVB-ET2.0) via interfacial activation. The influence of key operational parameters on the esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) from used soybean cooking oil (USCO) and fusel oil (FO) in solvent-free systems was evaluated using a statistical approach. Under optimal conditions (40 ºC, FFAs:FO molar ratio of 1:2.5, and biocatalyst concentration of 21 wt%), the FFAs conversion reached nearly 90 % within 60 min. By contrast, using free ET2.0 under the same conditions resulted in a maximum FFAs conversion of only 25 %. Similar trends were observed for FFAs derived from canola, corn, soybean, and macauba pulp oils, while free lipase showed the highest productivity in esterification reactions with FFAs from castor oil. PSty-DVB-ET2.0 exhibited excellent reusability, retaining nearly all of its activity after twenty esterification batches. The fusel esters produced from USCO demonstrated to be biodegradable, highly thermally stable up to 200 ºC, and exhibited good fluidity even at low temperatures. This study highlights the promising potential of PSty-DVB-ET2.0 for the sustainable production of fusel esters from a range of oleaginous raw materials, including waste oil (USCO).

本研究旨在利用固定化在聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯微球（pty - dvb -ET2.0）上的脂肪酶Eversa®Transform 2.0 (ET2.0)，通过界面活化，提高从各种产油原料中生产杂醇酯的效率。采用统计方法评价了关键操作参数对废大豆油（USCO）和杂醇油（FO）在无溶剂体系中酯化游离脂肪酸（FFAs）的影响。在最佳条件下（40℃，FFAs:FO摩尔比为1:25 .5，生物催化剂浓度为21 wt%）， FFAs转化率在60 min内达到近90 %。相比之下，在相同条件下使用免费ET2.0导致最大FFAs转化率仅为25% %。从菜籽油、玉米、大豆和澳门芭蕉纸浆油中提取的游离脂肪酸也有类似的趋势，而在与蓖麻油中提取的游离脂肪酸的酯化反应中，游离脂肪酶的生产率最高。pty - dvb - et2.0表现出优异的可重复使用性，在20批酯化后几乎保留了所有活性。由USCO生产的燃料酯被证明是可生物降解的，高达200ºC的高热稳定性，即使在低温下也表现出良好的流动性。这项研究强调了pty - dvb - et2.0从包括废油（USCO）在内的一系列产油原料中可持续生产燃料酯的巨大潜力。

{"title":"Improved sustainable production of fusel esters from various oleaginous raw materials: Exploring the efficient catalytic performance and reusability of immobilized lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0","authors":"Felipe R. Carlos , Lucas B. Matheus , Raynara P. da Silva , Johan M. Rios Marin , Milson S. Barbosa , Cleide M.F. Soares , Jaine H.H. Luiz , Adriano A. Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to improve the production of fusel esters from various oleaginous raw materials using lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0 (ET2.0) immobilized on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) beads (PSty-DVB-ET2.0) via interfacial activation. The influence of key operational parameters on the esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) from used soybean cooking oil (USCO) and fusel oil (FO) in solvent-free systems was evaluated using a statistical approach. Under optimal conditions (40 ºC, FFAs:FO molar ratio of 1:2.5, and biocatalyst concentration of 21 wt%), the FFAs conversion reached nearly 90 % within 60 min. By contrast, using free ET2.0 under the same conditions resulted in a maximum FFAs conversion of only 25 %. Similar trends were observed for FFAs derived from canola, corn, soybean, and macauba pulp oils, while free lipase showed the highest productivity in esterification reactions with FFAs from castor oil. PSty-DVB-ET2.0 exhibited excellent reusability, retaining nearly all of its activity after twenty esterification batches. The fusel esters produced from USCO demonstrated to be biodegradable, highly thermally stable up to 200 ºC, and exhibited good fluidity even at low temperatures. This study highlights the promising potential of PSty-DVB-ET2.0 for the sustainable production of fusel esters from a range of oleaginous raw materials, including waste oil (USCO).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic-alkaline-thermal pretreatment on cassava sago waste for the energy efficient biomethane production 超声波-碱-热预处理木薯西米废渣的高效生物甲烷生产

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.018

Preethi, Harshitha Nainar, V. Karunya, G. Neha, R. Preetha, Rajeev Kumar Bhaskar, P. Rajaguru, J. Rajesh Banu

Globally, cassava tuber is considered a staple food in many developing countries, and it is processed to extract starch from the tubers. Industrial production of sago from cassava tuber generates a considerable quantity of waste with high organic content. However, its intricate structure limits hydrolysis, the first step during bioenergy production. In this study, ultrasonic pretreatment and combinations of ultrasonic-alkali or ultrasonic-alkali-thermal pretreatment were tried to improve hydrolysis. Ultrasonic pretreatment of sago industrial waste (SIW) resulted in 1.53 % solubilization at 140 W ultrasonic power. While the combination of alkali (pH 11) with ultrasonic power of 140 W resulted in a mild increment in solubilization to 2 %. The introduction of thermal treatment with ultrasonic alkali pretreatment caused a drastic improvement in COD solubilization to 29.6 % at 80°C. Improvement in COD solubilization subsequently resulted in greater biomethane generation (303.4 mL/g VS_consumed) for ultrasonic-alkaline-thermal pretreatment compared to others. Similarly, the energy analysis shows a positive net energy of 109.55 kWh and an energy ratio of 1.54. Hence, the proposed combination is scalable for industrial biomethane production.

在全球范围内，木薯块茎被认为是许多发展中国家的主食，木薯块茎经过加工，从块茎中提取淀粉。从木薯块茎中提取西米的工业生产产生了大量有机含量高的废物。然而，其复杂的结构限制了水解，这是生物能源生产的第一步。本研究尝试了超声波预处理以及超声-碱或超声-碱-热联合预处理来改善水解。在140 W的超声功率下，西米工业废渣（SIW）的增溶率为1.53 %。而碱（pH 11）与140 W的超声功率组合，可使增溶量轻度增加至2 %。在80℃时，超声波碱预处理的引入使COD的增溶率显著提高到29.6 %。与其他方法相比，超声-碱-热预处理的COD增溶作用的改善导致了更多的生物甲烷生成（303.4 mL/g vs消耗量）。同样，能量分析显示净能量为109.55 kWh，能量比为1.54。因此，提议的组合是可扩展的工业生物甲烷生产。

{"title":"Ultrasonic-alkaline-thermal pretreatment on cassava sago waste for the energy efficient biomethane production","authors":"Preethi, Harshitha Nainar, V. Karunya, G. Neha, R. Preetha, Rajeev Kumar Bhaskar, P. Rajaguru, J. Rajesh Banu","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, cassava tuber is considered a staple food in many developing countries, and it is processed to extract starch from the tubers. Industrial production of sago from cassava tuber generates a considerable quantity of waste with high organic content. However, its intricate structure limits hydrolysis, the first step during bioenergy production. In this study, ultrasonic pretreatment and combinations of ultrasonic-alkali or ultrasonic-alkali-thermal pretreatment were tried to improve hydrolysis. Ultrasonic pretreatment of sago industrial waste (SIW) resulted in 1.53 % solubilization at 140 W ultrasonic power. While the combination of alkali (pH 11) with ultrasonic power of 140 W resulted in a mild increment in solubilization to 2 %. The introduction of thermal treatment with ultrasonic alkali pretreatment caused a drastic improvement in COD solubilization to 29.6 % at 80°C. Improvement in COD solubilization subsequently resulted in greater biomethane generation (303.4 mL/g VS<sub>consumed</sub>) for ultrasonic-alkaline-thermal pretreatment compared to others. Similarly, the energy analysis shows a positive net energy of 109.55 kWh and an energy ratio of 1.54. Hence, the proposed combination is scalable for industrial biomethane production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis, characterization, antifungal and SERS analysis of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Aspergillus parasiticus 真菌合成银纳米粒子对寄生曲霉的合成、表征、抗真菌活性及SERS分析

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.017

Anam Ijaz, Muhammad Rizwan Javed

Myco-nanotechnology has gained significant momentum in the current decade in producing high yield of key enzymes and secondary metabolites as natural reducing agents to reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. In the current study, synthesis of AgNPs has been evaluated by CRISPR-modified (M-AgNPs) and its parent Aspergillus niger (P-AgNPs) strains. These AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM, DLS, and XRD. The analyses revealed that the synthesized AgNPs have characteristic peak at 420 nm, associated respective functional groups, spherical in shape, having average diameters of 8 and 14 nm, respectively, with crystalline structure. Furthermore, antifungal activities of AgNPs against aflatoxin producing Aspergillus parasiticus were evaluated, followed by the determination of MIC and MFC. The MICs of M-AgNPs and P-AgNPs were 18.75 and 37.2 μg/mL, while their MFCs were 75 and 150 μg/mL, respectively. The biochemical changes in fungal biomolecules were also investigated by SERS, showing an increasing pattern with higher concentrations of AgNPs. The M-AgNPs exhibited higher antifungal activity against A. parasiticus compared with P-AgNPs. This study provides, for the first time, a detailed SERS analysis of AgNPs against A. parasiticus, which may help to elucidate the action mechanism of antifungal agents and their potential to control fungal infections.

近十年来，微生物纳米技术在生产高产量的关键酶和次生代谢物作为天然还原剂将金属离子还原成纳米粒子方面取得了显著的进展。在目前的研究中，用crispr修饰的（M-AgNPs）及其亲本黑曲霉（P-AgNPs）菌株对AgNPs的合成进行了评价。通过紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析和x射线衍射等手段对这些AgNPs进行了表征。分析表明，合成的AgNPs在420 nm处有特征峰，结合了各自的官能团，形状为球形，平均直径分别为8和14 nm，具有晶体结构。测定AgNPs对产黄曲霉的寄生曲霉的抑菌活性，并测定其MIC和MFC。M-AgNPs和P-AgNPs的mic分别为18.75和37.2 μg/mL， mfc分别为75和150 μg/mL。SERS还研究了真菌生物分子的生化变化，发现AgNPs浓度越高，生物分子的生化变化越明显。与P-AgNPs相比，M-AgNPs对寄生蜂的抗真菌活性更高。本研究首次提供了AgNPs对寄生蜂的SERS分析，这可能有助于阐明抗真菌药物的作用机制及其控制真菌感染的潜力。

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, antifungal and SERS analysis of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Aspergillus parasiticus","authors":"Anam Ijaz, Muhammad Rizwan Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myco-nanotechnology has gained significant momentum in the current decade in producing high yield of key enzymes and secondary metabolites as natural reducing agents to reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. In the current study, synthesis of AgNPs has been evaluated by CRISPR-modified (M-AgNPs) and its parent <em>Aspergillus niger</em> (P-AgNPs) strains. These AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, SEM, DLS, and XRD. The analyses revealed that the synthesized AgNPs have characteristic peak at 420 nm, associated respective functional groups, spherical in shape, having average diameters of 8 and 14 nm, respectively, with crystalline structure. Furthermore, antifungal activities of AgNPs against aflatoxin producing <em>Aspergillus parasiticus</em> were evaluated, followed by the determination of MIC and MFC<em>.</em> The MICs of M-AgNPs and P-AgNPs were 18.75 and 37.2 μg/mL, while their MFCs were 75 and 150 μg/mL, respectively. The biochemical changes in fungal biomolecules were also investigated by SERS, showing an increasing pattern with higher concentrations of AgNPs. The M-AgNPs exhibited higher antifungal activity against <em>A. parasiticus</em> compared with P-AgNPs. This study provides, for the first time, a detailed SERS analysis of AgNPs against <em>A. parasiticus</em>, which may help to elucidate the action mechanism of antifungal agents and their potential to control fungal infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 170-182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glycerol as a carbon source to enhance apo-carotenes production in Azospirillum brasilense Cd 甘油作为碳源促进巴西氮螺旋藻产载胡萝卜素

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.016

Claudia A. Contreras , Vanesa Pelayo , Carolina Garciglia , Francisco J. Choix , Guadalupe V. Nevárez-Moorillón , Daniela Sánchez-Aldana , Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés , David Chávez-Flores , Oskar A. Palacios

Azospirillum brasilense Cd is a non-photosynthetic pigmented bacterium, which has been mainly studied for its plant and microalgae growth-promoting effects. The bacterial growth conditions that enhance pigment production have been scarcely studied, with the effects of oxygen tension and some carbon sources on pigment production being explored. Moreover, the biochemical pathway for pigment production, its chemical characterization, and its biological function remain under debate. Therefore, the effects of different culture media, atmospheric conditions (air or biogas), carbon concentration, and the presence or absence of light on pigment production by A. brasilense were evaluated. Moreover, the chemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and changes in gene expression by A. brasilense under the growth conditions that yielded the best pigment production were evaluated. Culture media with glycerol as the carbon source under an air atmosphere yielded better pigment production than culture media with gluconate and/or malic acid as the carbon source. The presence of air and light increases twofold pigment production in A. brasilense Cd. The higher glycerol concentration tested (64 mg·L⁻¹) under air and light was the best growth condition for biomass and pigment production, yielding 36.1 ± 1.1 mg·g⁻¹ dry weight of the pigment, which is, to date, the highest pigment production reported for this bacterium. The chemical characterization of the orange-red pigment revealed structures corresponding to C30 aporacotenes, specifically diapolycopene-dial and diaponeurosporenic acid. Microarray analysis results enable elucidation of the possible metabolic pathway, via the squalene route, used by A. brasilense Cd to metabolize glycerol as an energy source and for pigment production.

Azospirillum brasilense Cd是一种非光合色素细菌，主要研究其促进植物和微藻生长的作用。促进色素生成的细菌生长条件的研究很少，氧张力和一些碳源对色素生成的影响正在探索中。此外，色素产生的生化途径、化学特性及其生物学功能仍存在争议。因此，本研究评估了不同培养基、大气条件（空气或沼气）、碳浓度和光照对巴西桤木色素生产的影响。此外，本文还对巴西木在最佳色素生产条件下的化学特性、抗氧化活性和基因表达变化进行了评价。在空气环境下，以甘油为碳源的培养基比以葡萄糖酸和/或苹果酸为碳源的培养基产生更好的色素。空气和光照的存在使巴西芽孢杆菌的色素产量增加了两倍。在空气和光照条件下，较高的甘油浓度（64 mg·L−1）是生物量和色素产量的最佳生长条件，色素的干重为36.1 ± 1.1 mg·g−1，这是迄今为止该细菌报道的最高色素产量。橘红色色素的化学表征显示了与C30 aporacotenes相对应的结构，特别是二聚红素和二亚磷二酸。微阵列分析结果阐明了A. brasilense Cd通过角鲨烯途径代谢甘油作为能量来源并产生色素的可能代谢途径。

{"title":"Glycerol as a carbon source to enhance apo-carotenes production in Azospirillum brasilense Cd","authors":"Claudia A. Contreras , Vanesa Pelayo , Carolina Garciglia , Francisco J. Choix , Guadalupe V. Nevárez-Moorillón , Daniela Sánchez-Aldana , Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés , David Chávez-Flores , Oskar A. Palacios","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> Cd is a non-photosynthetic pigmented bacterium, which has been mainly studied for its plant and microalgae growth-promoting effects. The bacterial growth conditions that enhance pigment production have been scarcely studied, with the effects of oxygen tension and some carbon sources on pigment production being explored. Moreover, the biochemical pathway for pigment production, its chemical characterization, and its biological function remain under debate. Therefore, the effects of different culture media, atmospheric conditions (air or biogas), carbon concentration, and the presence or absence of light on pigment production by <em>A. brasilense</em> were evaluated. Moreover, the chemical characterization, antioxidant activity, and changes in gene expression by <em>A. brasilense</em> under the growth conditions that yielded the best pigment production were evaluated. Culture media with glycerol as the carbon source under an air atmosphere yielded better pigment production than culture media with gluconate and/or malic acid as the carbon source. The presence of air and light increases twofold pigment production in <em>A. brasilense</em> Cd. The higher glycerol concentration tested (64 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>) under air and light was the best growth condition for biomass and pigment production, yielding 36.1 ± 1.1 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight of the pigment, which is, to date, the highest pigment production reported for this bacterium. The chemical characterization of the orange-red pigment revealed structures corresponding to C30 aporacotenes, specifically diapolycopene-dial and diaponeurosporenic acid. Microarray analysis results enable elucidation of the possible metabolic pathway, via the squalene route, used by <em>A. brasilense</em> Cd to metabolize glycerol as an energy source and for pigment production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 159-169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced biodegradation of diesel and phenol by acclimatized freshwater microalgae: A study on adaptation and degradation efficiency 驯化淡水微藻增强柴油和苯酚的生物降解：适应性和降解效率的研究

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.015

Prashant Sinha, Suparna Mukherji

A freshwater algal culture was obtained from rock surfaces near Powai Lake and incubated at 30 ± 5⁰C under illumination of 1500 ± 200 lux with light:dark cycle of 16:8 h in Bold Basal medium and BG-11 medium. The culture was acclimatized to diesel (0.6 % v/v) and phenol (200 mg/L) over 15–20 days to enhance its metabolic capacity for biodegradation. Acclimatization reduced the lag phase and increased the chlorophyll-a concentration at the end of log phase, indicating improved growth and pollutant tolerance. Growth and degradation studies were conducted using different initial concentrations of diesel and phenol under static conditions. The acclimatized culture exhibited significant biodegradation capabilities. Diesel biodegradation efficiency over and above the control (D_max) was found to be 33.3 % for 0.2 % (v/v) diesel and 37.4 % for 0.6 % (v/v) diesel over 25 days for 100 mL cultivation volume. Phenol degradation was rapid and complete degradation was observed within 3 days for initial concentration up to 400 mg/L. Metagenomic analysis identified cyanobacteria as the dominant phylum, with Leptolyngbya as the most abundant genus. Nostoc, Chroococcus, and Synechococcus were also present in the consortium. This study demonstrates the potential of acclimatized freshwater algae for effective bioremediation of pollutants commonly present in refinery wastewater.

从Powai湖附近的岩石表面获得淡水藻类培养物，在30 ± 5⁰C的温度下，在1500 ± 200勒克斯的照明下，在Bold基础培养基和BG-11培养基中培养16:8 h的明暗循环。培养物适应柴油（0.6 % v/v）和苯酚（200 mg/L） 15-20天，以提高其生物降解代谢能力。驯化减少了迟滞期，增加了原木期末叶绿素-a浓度，表明生长和对污染物的耐受性得到改善。在静态条件下，使用不同初始浓度的柴油和苯酚进行了生长和降解研究。驯化后的培养物表现出显著的生物降解能力。当培养量为100 mL时，0.2 % （v/v）柴油的生物降解效率为33.3% %,0.6 % （v/v）柴油的生物降解效率为37.4% %，高于对照（Dmax）。苯酚降解速度快，初始浓度可达400 mg/L， 3 d内完全降解。宏基因组分析发现蓝藻属是优势门，其中轻多菌属是最丰富的属。在该联合体中还存在念珠菌、绿球菌和聚球菌。本研究证明了驯化淡水藻类对炼油厂废水中常见污染物进行有效生物修复的潜力。

{"title":"Enhanced biodegradation of diesel and phenol by acclimatized freshwater microalgae: A study on adaptation and degradation efficiency","authors":"Prashant Sinha, Suparna Mukherji","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A freshwater algal culture was obtained from rock surfaces near Powai Lake and incubated at 30 ± 5⁰C under illumination of 1500 ± 200 lux with light:dark cycle of 16:8 h in Bold Basal medium and BG-11 medium. The culture was acclimatized to diesel (0.6 % v/v) and phenol (200 mg/L) over 15–20 days to enhance its metabolic capacity for biodegradation. Acclimatization reduced the lag phase and increased the chlorophyll-a concentration at the end of log phase, indicating improved growth and pollutant tolerance. Growth and degradation studies were conducted using different initial concentrations of diesel and phenol under static conditions. The acclimatized culture exhibited significant biodegradation capabilities. Diesel biodegradation efficiency over and above the control (D<sub>max</sub>) was found to be 33.3 % for 0.2 % (v/v) diesel and 37.4 % for 0.6 % (v/v) diesel over 25 days for 100 mL cultivation volume. Phenol degradation was rapid and complete degradation was observed within 3 days for initial concentration up to 400 mg/L. Metagenomic analysis identified cyanobacteria as the dominant phylum, with <em>Leptolyngbya</em> as the most abundant genus. <em>Nostoc</em>, <em>Chroococcus</em>, and <em>Synechococcus</em> were also present in the consortium. This study demonstrates the potential of acclimatized freshwater algae for effective bioremediation of pollutants commonly present in refinery wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stabilization and conformational alteration of chymotrypsin upon losartan binding: Mechanistic insights from spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations 氯沙坦结合后凝乳胰蛋白酶的稳定和构象改变：来自光谱和分子动力学模拟的机制见解

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.014

Saad Ali Alshehri , Akhtar Atiya

This study investigated the interaction between Chymotrypsin (CHY) and Losartan (LOS) using spectroscopic and computational techniques. UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of a stable CHY- (LOS) complex. Fluorescence quenching was static (

K_{q}

> 2 × 10 ¹⁰ M⁻¹), with thermodynamic parameters (

{∆ H}^{°}

= −29.87 kJ mol⁻¹,

{∆ S}^{°}

= - 20.47 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹,

{∆ G}^{°}

= −23.78 to −23.38 kJ mol⁻¹ at 298–318 K) indicating spontaneous binding driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Enzyme kinetics demonstrated that increasing LOS concentrations (0–4 µM) resulted in a decrease in

V_{\max}

(from 2.57 × 10⁻⁴ M s⁻¹ to 2.13 × 10⁻⁴ M s⁻¹) and a change in

K_{m}

(from 1.2¹ × 10⁻¹ mM to 0.91 × 10⁻¹ mM), suggesting uncompetitive inhibition. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provided further evidence of conformational changes, including a reduction in α-helix content and an increase in β-sheet content. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) supported these findings, revealing stable complex formation and enhanced thermal stability, with

T_{m}

increasing from 324 K to 332 K. These results suggest that LOS can engage in transient, non-covalent interactions with gastrointestinal proteases like CHY during pre-systemic exposure in the intestine. Such off-target binding may indirectly influence drug pharmacokinetics, affect digestive enzyme activity, and provide insights for developing protein-based carriers to improve the delivery of LOS and bioavailability.

本研究利用光谱学和计算技术研究了凝乳胰蛋白酶（CHY）和氯沙坦（LOS）之间的相互作用。紫外可见光谱证实形成了稳定的CHY- (LOS)配合物。荧光猝灭是静态的（Kq > 2 × 10¹M⁻¹），热力学参数（∆H°= - 29.87 kJ mol⁻¹，∆S°= - 20.47 jmol⁻（K⁻），∆G°= - 23.78至- 23.38 kJ mol⁻（298-318 K））表明由氢键和范德华力驱动的自发结合。酶动力学表明，增加LOS浓度（0-4 μ M）会导致Vmax的减少（从2.57 × 10⁻s⁻¹到2.13 × 10⁻s⁻¹）和Km的变化（从1.21 × 10 - 1 mM到0.91 × 10 - 1 mM），表明非竞争抑制。圆二色性（CD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）进一步证明了构象的变化，包括α-螺旋含量的减少和β-薄片含量的增加。对接和分子动力学模拟（MD）支持了这些发现，揭示了稳定的复合物形成和增强的热稳定性，Tm从324 K增加到332 K。这些结果表明，在肠道系统前暴露期间，LOS可以与胃肠道蛋白酶如CHY进行短暂的非共价相互作用。这种脱靶结合可能间接影响药物的药代动力学，影响消化酶活性，并为开发基于蛋白质的载体以改善LOS的递送和生物利用度提供见解。

{"title":"Stabilization and conformational alteration of chymotrypsin upon losartan binding: Mechanistic insights from spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Saad Ali Alshehri , Akhtar Atiya","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the interaction between Chymotrypsin (CHY) and Losartan (LOS) using spectroscopic and computational techniques. UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of a stable CHY- (LOS) complex. Fluorescence quenching was static (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> > 2 × 10 ¹⁰ M⁻¹), with thermodynamic parameters (<span><math><msup><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> = −29.87 kJ mol⁻¹, <span><math><msup><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> = - 20.47 J mol⁻<em>¹</em> K⁻¹, <span><math><msup><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> = −23.78 to −23.38 kJ mol⁻¹ at 298–318 K) indicating spontaneous binding driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Enzyme kinetics demonstrated that increasing LOS concentrations (0–4 µM) resulted in a decrease in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> (from 2.57 × 10⁻⁴ M s⁻¹ to 2.13 × 10⁻⁴ M s⁻<em>¹</em>) and a change in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> (from 1.2<sup>1</sup> × 10⁻<sup>1</sup> mM to 0.91 × 10⁻<sup>1</sup> mM), suggesting uncompetitive inhibition. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provided further evidence of conformational changes, including a reduction in α-helix content and an increase in β-sheet content. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) supported these findings, revealing stable complex formation and enhanced thermal stability, with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increasing from 324 K to 332 K. These results suggest that LOS can engage in transient, non-covalent interactions with gastrointestinal proteases like CHY during pre-systemic exposure in the intestine. Such off-target binding may indirectly influence drug pharmacokinetics, affect digestive enzyme activity, and provide insights for developing protein-based carriers to improve the delivery of LOS and bioavailability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moderate static magnetic fields induce higher coupling of the P-type H+-ATPase of fermentative yeast cells 适度的静磁场诱导发酵酵母细胞中p型H+- atp酶的高偶联

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.012

Antonio Jesus Dorighetto Cogo , Cristilane Macharete de Andrade , Victor Haber Perez , Oselys Rodriguez Justo , Anna Lvovna Okorokova-Façanha , Arnoldo Rocha Façanha

An up-regulation of the proton pumping capacity of S. cerevisiae cells has previously been correlated with the magnetic field effects on alcoholic fermentation. Here, we further explore the mechanism behind this phenomenon by determining the ATP hydrolysis and H⁺ transport activities in the total membrane vesicles isolated by cell fractionation of fermentation yeast cells. The results revealed a contrasting effect as the hydrolysis of ATP decreased under the same magnetic field (10 mT) treatment that induced an increase in H⁺ uptake by cell membranes. This behavior can be interpreted as a more efficient fermentative metabolism that occurs during exposure to magnetic fields with moderate magnetic flux density, since higher transmembrane electrochemical H⁺ gradients are sustained at the expense of less ATP expenditure (energy consumption) as the membrane proton pump appears to be operating in a higher coupling state to maintain yeast metabolic activity. These findings seem particularly compelling from a biophysical standpoint, as they reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism by which magnetic fields can induce metabolic reprogramming in yeast, potentially extending to other eukaryotic systems, by integrating modulations in energy transduction pathways and actin cytoskeleton dynamics.

酿酒酵母细胞质子泵送能力的上调与磁场对酒精发酵的影响有关。在这里，我们通过测定发酵酵母细胞分离得到的总膜囊中ATP水解和H+运输活性，进一步探讨了这一现象背后的机制。结果显示，在相同的磁场（10 mT）处理下，ATP的水解减少，导致细胞膜对H+的摄取增加。这种行为可以解释为在中等磁通密度的磁场中发生的更有效的发酵代谢，因为更高的跨膜电化学H+梯度以更少的ATP消耗（能量消耗）为代价维持，因为膜质子泵似乎在更高的耦合状态下运行以维持酵母的代谢活性。从生物物理学的角度来看，这些发现似乎特别引人注目，因为它们揭示了一种以前未被描述的机制，即磁场可以通过整合能量转导途径和肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学的调节，诱导酵母的代谢重编程，并有可能扩展到其他真核系统。

{"title":"Moderate static magnetic fields induce higher coupling of the P-type H+-ATPase of fermentative yeast cells","authors":"Antonio Jesus Dorighetto Cogo , Cristilane Macharete de Andrade , Victor Haber Perez , Oselys Rodriguez Justo , Anna Lvovna Okorokova-Façanha , Arnoldo Rocha Façanha","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An up-regulation of the proton pumping capacity of <em>S. cerevisiae</em> cells has previously been correlated with the magnetic field effects on alcoholic fermentation. Here, we further explore the mechanism behind this phenomenon by determining the ATP hydrolysis and H<sup>+</sup> transport activities in the total membrane vesicles isolated by cell fractionation of fermentation yeast cells. The results revealed a contrasting effect as the hydrolysis of ATP decreased under the same magnetic field (10 mT) treatment that induced an increase in H<sup>+</sup> uptake by cell membranes. This behavior can be interpreted as a more efficient fermentative metabolism that occurs during exposure to magnetic fields with moderate magnetic flux density, since higher transmembrane electrochemical H<sup>+</sup> gradients are sustained at the expense of less ATP expenditure (energy consumption) as the membrane proton pump appears to be operating in a higher coupling state to maintain yeast metabolic activity. These findings seem particularly compelling from a biophysical standpoint, as they reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism by which magnetic fields can induce metabolic reprogramming in yeast, potentially extending to other eukaryotic systems, by integrating modulations in energy transduction pathways and actin cytoskeleton dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of variable aeration on partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A): Insights from batch testing and microbial analysis 可变曝气对部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化（PN/A）的影响：来自批量试验和微生物分析的见解

IF 4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.007

Weronika Borowska , Martyna Godzieba , Slawomir Ciesielski , Monika Zubrowska-Sudol

This study explores the influence of variable aeration strategies on microbial interactions within the partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process. To overcome the limitations of relying solely on microbial abundance, this research integrates high-throughput DNA sequencing, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and batch tests to link microbial function and adaptation to variable aeration strategies. Four operational stages were investigated: continuous aeration with a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 1.5 mg O₂/L; intermittent aeration at a ratio of 1:2 with the same DO; increased DO to 2.5 mg O₂/L while maintaining the intermittent regime; and equal duration of aerated and non-aerated phases (1:1) with DO at 2.5 mg O₂/L. Among these, the third stage intermittent aeration at 2.5 mg O₂/L proved to be the most favorable for the PN/A process, yielding the highest anammox activity and effective suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Results show that the rate of nitrogen conversion is related to the particular structure of microbial communities, as revealed by network analysis. Importantly, even low-abundance functional groups contributed significantly to nitrogen removal under favorable environmental conditions. The combined methodological approach allowed for an effective correlation between microbial structure and activity, offering a valuable framework for interpreting microbial responses to operational changes.

本研究探讨了不同曝气策略对部分硝化/厌氧氨氧化（PN/A）过程中微生物相互作用的影响。为了克服单纯依赖微生物丰度的局限性，本研究整合了高通量DNA测序、逆转录-定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）和批量测试，将微生物的功能和适应与不同的曝气策略联系起来。研究了四个操作阶段：溶解氧（DO）浓度为1.5 mg O₂/L的连续曝气；在相同DO条件下，以1:2的比例间歇曝气；将DO增加到2.5 mg O₂/L，同时保持间歇状态；在2.5 mg O₂/L的DO下，充气相和非充气相（1:1）的持续时间相等。其中，第三阶段间歇曝气2.5 mg O₂/L最有利于PN/A工艺，厌氧氨氧化活性最高，对亚硝酸盐氧化菌的抑制效果最好。结果表明，氮转化速率与微生物群落的特定结构有关。重要的是，在有利的环境条件下，即使是低丰度的官能团也能显著地促进氮的去除。综合方法学方法允许微生物结构和活动之间的有效关联，为解释微生物对操作变化的反应提供了有价值的框架。

{"title":"Impact of variable aeration on partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A): Insights from batch testing and microbial analysis","authors":"Weronika Borowska , Martyna Godzieba , Slawomir Ciesielski , Monika Zubrowska-Sudol","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the influence of variable aeration strategies on microbial interactions within the partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process. To overcome the limitations of relying solely on microbial abundance, this research integrates high-throughput DNA sequencing, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and batch tests to link microbial function and adaptation to variable aeration strategies. Four operational stages were investigated: continuous aeration with a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 1.5 mg O₂/L; intermittent aeration at a ratio of 1:2 with the same DO; increased DO to 2.5 mg O₂/L while maintaining the intermittent regime; and equal duration of aerated and non-aerated phases (1:1) with DO at 2.5 mg O₂/L. Among these, the third stage intermittent aeration at 2.5 mg O₂/L proved to be the most favorable for the PN/A process, yielding the highest anammox activity and effective suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Results show that the rate of nitrogen conversion is related to the particular structure of microbial communities, as revealed by network analysis. Importantly, even low-abundance functional groups contributed significantly to nitrogen removal under favorable environmental conditions. The combined methodological approach allowed for an effective correlation between microbial structure and activity, offering a valuable framework for interpreting microbial responses to operational changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 62-73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0