Process Biochemistry最新文献_第10页

Immobilization of laccase on Fe3O4@SiO2 core@shell magnetic nanoparticles for methylene blue biodegradation 将漆酶固定在 Fe3O4@SiO2 核@贝壳磁性纳米粒子上用于亚甲基蓝的生物降解

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.11.012

Kholoud R.M. Oraby , Anabel Villalonga , Fatma S.M. Hassan , Mohamed A. Zayed , Mahmoud F. Mubarak , Irene Ojeda , Alfredo Sánchez , Reynaldo Villalonga

Here we report the preparation and characterization of novel enzyme supports based on silica-coated Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles. These nanomaterials were modified at their outer silica surface with isocyanate, trimethylammonium and β-cyclodextrin moieties to immobilize laccase from Trametes versicolor through covalent, electrostatic and supramolecular interactions, respectively, with protein immobilization yields ranging from 21.7 % to 53.5 %. The effect of the immobilization approach on the activity, optimal working conditions, stability and reusability of the resulting biocatalysts were studied. Best results were achieved for native and adamantane-modified laccase supramolecularly immobilized on β-cyclodextrin bearing supports in terms of their catalytic properties, showing 18.0 U and 14.0 U of immobilized laccase activity per gram of support. However, high thermal stability was observed for the enzyme covalently immobilized on isocyanate-modified nanoparticles, with 14.8-fold increase in the half-life time at 65ºC in comparison with native laccase. Best reusability properties were also achieved by covalent immobilization, retaining over 88 % of the initial catalytic activity after 13 cycles of magnetic reuses. All enzyme derivatives were evaluated for the catalytic degradation of methylene blue as pollutant model, showing significant reduction of the dye. In special, a 68-fold increase in the removal efficacy was observed for covalently immobilized enzyme compared to the free laccase. These results suggest high potential application of these biocatalysts in wastewater treatment.

在此，我们报告了基于二氧化硅包覆的 Fe3O4 磁性纳米粒子的新型酶支持物的制备和表征。在这些纳米材料的二氧化硅外表面分别用异氰酸酯、三甲基铵和β-环糊精修饰，通过共价、静电和超分子相互作用固定了来自多色葡萄孢的漆酶，蛋白质的固定化率从 21.7 % 到 53.5 % 不等。研究了固定化方法对所得生物催化剂的活性、最佳工作条件、稳定性和可重复使用性的影响。就催化特性而言，超分子固定在β-环糊精载体上的原生漆酶和金刚烷修饰漆酶取得了最佳结果，每克载体上的固定漆酶活性分别为 18.0 U 和 14.0 U。不过，共价固定在异氰酸酯改性纳米颗粒上的酶具有较高的热稳定性，在 65ºC 温度下的半衰期比原生漆酶延长了 14.8 倍。共价固定还实现了最佳的重复使用特性，在经过 13 次磁性重复使用后，保留了超过 88% 的初始催化活性。以亚甲基蓝为污染物模型，对所有酶衍生物的催化降解能力进行了评估，结果表明它们都能显著降低染料的浓度。特别是，与游离漆酶相比，共价固定化酶的去除效率提高了 68 倍。这些结果表明，这些生物催化剂在废水处理方面具有很大的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Improvement of uranium adsorption in Kocuria rosea by phosphate: A combined physiological and proteomic analysis 磷酸盐改善了蔷薇科植物对铀的吸附：生理学和蛋白质组学的综合分析

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.11.007

Jinfan Ou , Xue Ren , Bangting Yin , Xu Zhang , Jian Zhou , Guiqiang He

In this study, a combined physiological and proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of phosphate addition on uranium adsorption response of Kocuria rosea. When 0.4–5 g/L KH₂PO₄ was added to the culture medium, there was no significant change in biomass compared with the control (without KH₂PO₄ addition). Subsequently, the cells were collected and interacted with uranium solution (300 mg/L, 20 mL), and the adsorption rate of uranium was significantly increased from 22.14 % to 65.32 % with 3.0 g/L KH₂PO₄ addition. Meanwhile, the cells could release more phosphorus-containing substances and form thin film like uranium precipitates on the cell surface by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy characterization analyses. Furthermore, a proteomic approach was employed to reveal the regulation mechanism of phosphate on uranium interaction in the K. rosea cells. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially abundant proteins in K. rosea were mainly involved in cell motility, ribosomes, structural molecule activity, flagellar assembly, and energy metabolism under uranium stress. Interestingly, up-regulated proteins were significantly enriched for organic acid biosynthetic process in the cells with KH₂PO₄ addition. In addition, KH₂PO₄ led to upregulation of proteins including phosphohydrolase, asparagine synthase, and the phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporter subunit EIIC, which related to phosphate metabolism for regulation of uranium mineralization.

本研究结合生理学和蛋白质组学分析，探讨了添加磷酸盐对蔷薇科植物铀吸附反应的影响。当在培养基中添加 0.4-5 g/L KH2PO4 时，生物量与对照组（未添加 KH2PO4）相比没有显著变化。随后，收集细胞并与铀溶液（300 mg/L，20 mL）相互作用，在添加 3.0 g/L KH2PO4 后，铀的吸附率从 22.14 % 显著提高到 65.32 %。同时，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜表征分析，细胞能释放出更多的含磷物质，并在细胞表面形成类似铀沉淀的薄膜。此外，研究人员还利用蛋白质组学方法揭示了玫瑰茄细胞中磷酸盐与铀相互作用的调控机制。生物信息学分析表明，在铀胁迫下，玫瑰钾藻细胞中差异丰度蛋白主要涉及细胞运动、核糖体、结构分子活性、鞭毛组装和能量代谢。有趣的是，在添加 KH2PO4 的细胞中，有机酸生物合成过程的上调蛋白明显富集。此外，KH2PO4 还导致磷酸水解酶、天冬酰胺合成酶和磷酸转移酶系统（PTS）转运亚基 EIIC 等与磷酸盐代谢有关的蛋白质上调，从而调节铀矿化过程。

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引用次数: 0

Structural characterization and potential antitumor and immunostimulatory activities of mycelial polysaccharides from Ophiocordyceps gracilis 草履虫菌丝多糖的结构特征及潜在抗肿瘤和免疫刺激活性

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.11.001

Lingling Tong, Xinya Qi, Hui Lian, Haisheng Liu, Zilei Chen, Linhui Yang, Bo Ren, Suxing Jin, Dongsheng Guo

Ophiocordyceps gracilis (O. gracilis), the same genus as Ophiocordyceps sinensis, has been used as an edible medicinal fungus for many years. However, the active ingredients of O. gracilis polysaccharides remain relatively unknown. To address this, a 310.1 kDa novel polysaccharide (PDP-1a) was isolated from O. gracilis. The structural characteristics of PDP-1a were determined by different spectroscopy analyses, revealing that PDP-1a was α-glucan homologs with →4)-α-Glcp(1→ as the main chain. Furthermore, PDP-1a inhibited tumor cell proliferation, particularly in the A549 cell line, with a cell death mechanism involving cell cycle blockage, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and increased reactive oxygen species, thereby leading to apoptosis. Importantly, PDP-1a promotes antitumor cytokine secretion and enhances macrophage phagocytosis concentration-dependently. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the use of O. gracilis and emphasize the potential application of PDP-1a in antitumor immunomodulatory therapy.

与冬虫夏草同属的麦角菌（Ophiocordyceps gracilis）多年来一直被用作食用药用真菌。然而，人们对蟛蜞菊多糖的有效成分仍然知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，我们从冬虫夏草中分离出了一种 310.1 kDa 的新型多糖（PDP-1a）。通过不同的光谱分析确定了PDP-1a的结构特征，发现PDP-1a是以→4)-α-Glcp(1→为主链的α-葡聚糖同源物。此外，PDP-1a 还能抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖，尤其是在 A549 细胞系中，其细胞死亡机制包括细胞周期阻滞、线粒体膜电位降低和活性氧增加，从而导致细胞凋亡。重要的是，PDP-1a 能促进抗肿瘤细胞因子的分泌，并能增强巨噬细胞的吞噬能力，其浓度具有依赖性。这些发现为使用O. gracilis提供了理论基础，并强调了PDP-1a在抗肿瘤免疫调节疗法中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of membrane gene overexpression on endoglucanase secretion in ruminal cellulolytic Escherichia coli 膜基因过表达对瘤胃纤维素分解大肠杆菌分泌内切葡聚糖酶的影响

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.11.006

Long Zhang , Jinna Cui , Wei Liu , Zhanying Liu

Various protein secretion systems of gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) are well known, but the secretion pathway of endoglucanase (BcsZ) is unknown. To further elucidate the secretion mechanism, we analyzed the transcriptome data of five ruminal cellulolytic E. coli strains. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated in all five strains were significantly enriched in the membrane. Nine DEGs related to membrane transporters were overexpressed in E. coli JBZ-DH5α (overexpressing BcsZ in the genome of E. coli DH5α). The results revealed that the overexpression of the b4332 (yjiJ), b2142 (yohK), and b2377 (yfdY) genes significantly reduced the growth and BcsZ concentration of the strain. The overexpression of the genes b3533 (bcsA), b3009 (yghB), and b3522 (yhjD) did not significantly affect strain growth or the BcsZ concentration. The overexpression of the b1859 (znuB), b0458 (ylaC), and b1195 (ymgE) genes increased the secretion of BcsZ but had no significant effect on strain growth. In conclusion, the yjiJ, yohK, yfdY, znuB, ylaC, and ymgE genes are involved in the secretion of E. coli BcsZ. These findings provide insight into the secretion mechanism of E. coli BcsZ.

革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌（大肠杆菌）的各种蛋白质分泌系统已广为人知，但内切葡聚糖酶（BcsZ）的分泌途径尚不清楚。为了进一步阐明其分泌机制，我们分析了五株瘤胃纤维素溶解大肠杆菌的转录组数据。基因本体（Gene Ontology，GO）富集分析表明，五株菌株中上调的差异表达基因（Differentially expressed genes，DEGs）都显著富集在膜上。在大肠杆菌 JBZ-DH5α（在大肠杆菌 DH5α 基因组中过表达 BcsZ）中，有 9 个与膜转运体相关的 DEGs 过表达。结果发现，过表达 b4332（yjiJ）、b2142（yohK）和 b2377（yfdY）基因会显著降低菌株的生长和 BcsZ 浓度。基因 b3533（bcsA）、b3009（yghB）和 b3522（yhjD）的过表达对菌株的生长和 BcsZ 浓度没有明显影响。过表达 b1859（znuB）、b0458（ylaC）和 b1195（ymgE）基因会增加 BcsZ 的分泌，但对菌株的生长没有明显影响。总之，yjiJ、yohK、yfdY、znuB、ylaC 和 ymgE 基因参与了大肠杆菌 BcsZ 的分泌。这些发现有助于深入了解大肠杆菌 BcsZ 的分泌机制。

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引用次数: 0

Utilizing black yeast for sustainable solutions: Pioneering clean energy production and wastewater treatment with Exophiala dermatitidis 利用黑酵母实现可持续解决方案：利用皮下黑酵母开创清洁能源生产和废水处理先河

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.11.005

Luis Felipe Cuesta-Zedeño , Ramón Alberto Batista-García , Nina Gunde-Cimerman , Leonel Ernesto Amábilis-Sosa , Blenda Ramirez-Pereda

A single-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed to assess the capacity of Exophiala dermatitidis EXF-8193 as an electron-donating microorganism. Unidirectional carbon fiber electrodes were used, and voltage generation was monitored over 120 hours. The system achieved a maximum voltage of 176 mV after 93 hours of operation. Simultaneously, the decolorization of Basic Blue 9 (BB9) dye was evaluated, achieving 70% degradation within 120 hours. Initial optimization studies focused on individual variables, including carbon source, anode shape, and anodic surface area. Results indicated that glucose, a T-shaped anode, and an anodic area of 12 cm² were optimal, yielding voltage values of 175.8 ± 0.57 mV, 175.8 ± 0.57 mV, and 310.53 ± 1.22 mV, respectively. In the second stage, a multiparametric optimization was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design, resulting in a second-order model with an R² of 91.7. Under optimized conditions, the MFC reached a favorable maximum voltage of 284 mV, demonstrating enhanced performance with fine-tuned operational parameters. These findings represent a pioneering step in exploring black yeast, particularly E. dermatitidis, as a sustainable bio-catalyst in MFC technology. This study opens new avenues for further research on extremophilic fungi in bioenergy production and wastewater treatment, highlighting the need for continued exploration of black yeast's unique properties in biotechnological applications.

为了评估皮炎外生菌 EXF-8193 作为电子供能微生物的能力，我们构建了单室微生物燃料电池（MFC）。该系统使用单向碳纤维电极，并在 120 小时内监测电压产生情况。该系统在运行 93 小时后达到 176 mV 的最大电压。同时，还对碱性蓝 9 (BB9) 染料的脱色情况进行了评估，结果表明该染料在 120 小时内降解了 70%。最初的优化研究集中在各个变量上，包括碳源、阳极形状和阳极表面积。结果表明，葡萄糖、T 型阳极和 12 平方厘米的阳极面积是最佳选择，产生的电压值分别为 175.8 ± 0.57 mV、175.8 ± 0.57 mV 和 310.53 ± 1.22 mV。在第二阶段，使用响应面方法学（RSM）进行了多参数优化，并采用盒-贝肯设计（Box-Behnken design），最终建立了一个 R2 为 91.7 的二阶模型。在优化条件下，MFC 的最大电压达到了 284 mV，显示出通过微调操作参数提高了性能。这些发现标志着在探索黑酵母（尤其是皮炎酵母）作为 MFC 技术的可持续生物催化剂方面迈出了开创性的一步。这项研究为进一步研究嗜极真菌在生物能源生产和废水处理中的应用开辟了新的途径，强调了继续探索黑酵母在生物技术应用中的独特性能的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Current state and future prospects of microbiologically produced nanoparticles: A narrative review 微生物生产的纳米粒子的现状与前景：叙述性综述

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.11.003

B. Kiran Sharma , Balakumaran Manickam Dakshinamoorthi , Manjunathan Jagadeesan , Saravanan Sekaran , Ambiga Somasundaram , S. Jagadeeswari , Pasiyappazham Ramasamy

Nanoparticles (NPs) are being used in the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology research involves manipulating materials at the nano-scale to create new structures and devices that are beneficial to humans. Owing to their unique characteristics, nanomaterials have revolutionized numerous sectors and sped up numerous scientific breakthroughs while remaining at the nanometer scale. Research in this area is flourishing and of great interest to scientists. The present review offers researchers a comprehensive introduction to nanotechnology, focusing on nanoparticle biosynthesis routes, factors influencing the synthesis process, characterization methods, and current applications. Microbial nanobiotechnology, is a fast-growing area of research that holds the potential to revolutionize diverse fields such as bioremediation, energy generation, healthcare, and agriculture. Biological manufacturing of nanoparticles is more feasible than chemical synthesis, which can be costly and result in harmful repercussions. Microbes, particularly bacteria, are among the best options for the efficient production of nanoparticles because of their rapid growth rate, ability to be manipulated through genetics to achieve optimum efficiency, and relative lack of both expense and toxicity. It specifically explores the microbe-mediated biological synthesis of nanoparticles. This article presents an updated understanding of how biological synthesis can support innovative nanotechnology applications.

纳米粒子（NPs）正被用于快速发展的纳米技术领域。纳米技术研究涉及在纳米尺度上操纵材料，以创造出对人类有益的新结构和新设备。由于其独特的特性，纳米材料在保持纳米尺度的同时，为众多领域带来了革命性的变化，并加速了众多科学突破。该领域的研究方兴未艾，科学家们对此兴趣浓厚。本综述向研究人员全面介绍了纳米技术，重点是纳米粒子的生物合成路线、影响合成过程的因素、表征方法和当前应用。微生物纳米生物技术是一个快速发展的研究领域，有可能给生物修复、能源生产、医疗保健和农业等多个领域带来革命性的变化。生物制造纳米粒子比化学合成更可行，因为化学合成可能成本高昂并造成有害影响。微生物，尤其是细菌，是高效生产纳米粒子的最佳选择之一，因为它们生长速度快，能够通过遗传学操纵以达到最佳效率，而且相对来说没有成本和毒性。本文特别探讨了微生物介导的纳米粒子生物合成。本文介绍了对生物合成如何支持创新纳米技术应用的最新理解。

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引用次数: 0

Construction and characterization of Laminaria polysaccharide functionalized selenium nanoparticles based on an activity-oriented approach 基于活性导向方法的层状多糖功能化硒纳米粒子的构建与表征

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.11.004

Rundong Yang , Siyan Liu , Feifei Wang , Shuyi Li , Na Zhang , Zhenzhou Zhu

Laminaria polysaccharides (LP) have been shown to effectively stabilize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), forming LP–SeNP complexes with enhanced bioactivity. However, the correlation between their bioactivity and physicochemical properties remains inadequately explored. This study used chemical reduction with LP as stabilizer to investigate how LP-to-selenium mass ratio (LPSMR), reaction time, and temperature influence particle size, selenium content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of LP–SeNPs. The results showed that enhanced DPPH scavenging correlated with higher selenium content and smaller particle size, primarily modulated by LPSMR and temperature. Under optimal conditions (LPSMR of 1; temperature of 25°C), the resulting LP–SeNPs exhibited uniform morphology with a particle size of 81.41 nm and selenium content of 653.91 mg/g. This stability was achieved through non-covalent interactions between LP and SeNPs, providing superior light and acid resistance compared to unmodified SeNPs. Notably, LP–SeNPs showed synergistic antioxidant effects, with lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values for scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals than LP or SeNPs alone, and enhanced hypoglycemic activity. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed LP–SeNPs had reduced toxicity compared to Na₂SeO₃ and selenopeptide. These findings provide insights into the structure-activity relationships of LP–SeNPs and support their potential application as antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents.

研究表明，层藻多糖（LP）可有效稳定硒纳米粒子（SeNPs），形成具有更强生物活性的 LP-SeNP 复合物。然而，其生物活性与理化性质之间的相关性仍未得到充分探讨。本研究采用化学还原法，以 LP 为稳定剂，研究 LP 与硒的质量比（LPSMR）、反应时间和温度如何影响 LP-SeNPs 的粒径、硒含量和 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除活性。结果表明，DPPH 自由基清除活性的增强与硒含量的提高和粒径的减小有关，主要受 LPSMR 和温度的调节。在最佳条件下（LPSMR 为 1；温度为 25°C），生成的 LP-SeNPs 形状均匀，粒径为 81.41 nm，硒含量为 653.91 mg/g。这种稳定性是通过 LP 与 SeNPs 之间的非共价相互作用实现的，与未改性 SeNPs 相比，具有更出色的耐光性和耐酸性。值得注意的是，LP-SeNPs 具有协同抗氧化作用，其清除 DPPH、羟基和超氧阴离子自由基的半最大抑制浓度 (IC50) 值低于单独使用 LP 或 SeNPs 时的数值，而且其降血糖活性也有所增强。细胞毒性试验证实，与 Na2SeO3 和硒肽相比，LP-SeNPs 的毒性更低。这些发现有助于深入了解 LP-SeNPs 的结构-活性关系，并支持其作为抗氧化剂和降血糖剂的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Extraction methods of dietary fiber and effect on bioactivity: A review” [Process Biochem. 146 (2024) 451–461] 膳食纤维的提取方法及其对生物活性的影响：146 (2024) 451-461] 的更正

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.10.018

Mei Zhang, Yuanyuan Liu, Jiayu Liu, Tingting Zheng, Yang Li, Sixuan He, Mengying Jiang, Liping Wu, Song Wang

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of biological potential of red onion skin extract for anticancer and antimicrobial activities 评估红洋葱皮提取物抗癌和抗菌活性的生物潜力

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.11.002

Rana R. El Sadda , Amira R. El-Shobaky , Heba O. El Sharawy , Elhossein A. Moawed , Omnia H. Gohar , Mohamed M. El-Zahed , Youssef Y. Elseady , Wael S. El–Tohamy

Chemotherapy, while effective in combating cancer, frequently induces severe adverse effects and lacks specificity. This investigation aims to assess the potential of red onion skin, a byproduct abundant in polyphenols and flavonoids, as a reservoir of natural compounds possessing anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Two extracts, specifically ethanolic red onion skin (EROS) extract, and chromatographic red onion skin (CROS) extract were subjected to comprehensive biological analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed that the CROS extract predominantly encompasses dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHBA) and its derivatives, alongside fatty acids recognized for enhancing DHBA penetration into cellular membranes. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was systematically evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast using the agar well diffusion method, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and the minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) tests. The results unequivocally demonstrated that the CROS extract exhibited markedly superior antibacterial efficacy against E. coli, B. cereus, and C. albicans at concentrations of 50, 60, and 70 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, mice administered with CROS extract enhanced biochemical profiles, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and improved liver histology compared to those treated with the whole extract. These discerning findings propose that CROS extract harbors substantial promise as a natural and innocuous therapeutic intervention for cancer and microbial infections. Nevertheless, ~~further~~ more research is imperative to support these findings and unravel the intricate mechanisms of its action.

化疗虽然能有效抗癌，但经常会引起严重的不良反应，而且缺乏特异性。红洋葱皮是一种富含多酚和类黄酮的副产品，本研究旨在评估红洋葱皮作为具有抗癌和抗菌特性的天然化合物宝库的潜力。研究人员对两种提取物，特别是乙醇红洋葱皮（EROS）提取物和色谱红洋葱皮（CROS）提取物进行了全面的生物分析。气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和红外光谱（IR）显示，色谱法红洋葱皮提取物主要含有二羟基苯甲酸（DHBA）及其衍生物，以及公认能增强二羟基苯甲酸渗透细胞膜的脂肪酸。使用琼脂井扩散法、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MMC）测试系统地评估了提取物对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和酵母菌的抗菌活性。结果明确显示，CROS 提取物在浓度分别为 50、60 和 70 µg/ml 时，对大肠杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和白僵菌具有明显的抗菌效果。此外，与接受全提取物治疗的小鼠相比，接受 CROS 提取物治疗的小鼠的生化指标（包括超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 水平）有所提高，肝脏组织学也有所改善。这些有说服力的研究结果表明，CROS 提取物有望成为一种天然、无害的癌症和微生物感染干预疗法。然而，为了支持这些发现并揭示其复杂的作用机制，进一步的研究势在必行。

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引用次数: 0

A novel two-dimensional lattice-free mathematical model of fungal mycelia and its dynamic simulation 新型二维无格子真菌菌丝体数学模型及其动态模拟

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Process Biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.10.017

Yuan Hao , Mengmeng Xu , Qiong Wang , Jingxiang Zhang , Liting Zhao , Lei Chen , Guiyang Shi , Manfeng Hu , Zhongyang Ding

Filamentous fungi represent a diverse group of microorganisms, encompassing industrially significant species such as Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger, as well as biologically active, edible, and medicinal fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) and Auricularia auricula. The morphology of filamentous fungal mycelia is crucial for species development, natural product synthesis, and environmental adaptation. Therefore, accurate qualitative and quantitative assessment of mycelial morphology is imperative. Mathematical modeling is a useful tool for investigating microbial morphology, aiding in experimental research on mycelial development. However, owing to the inherent complexity of mycelial development, it cannot be fully captured by existing models. This paper presents a two-dimensional, lattice-free mathematical model using MATLAB (R2023b). The model incorporates hyphal tip extension, branching, anastomosis, and energy translocation, while introducing continuous growth, range anastomosis, and variable growth length behaviors. These enhancements allow more accurate simulation of real mycelial growth patterns. The model was used to simulate and optimize G. lucidum growth, and its accuracy was verified. Our findings indicate that the proposed model effectively simulates filamentous fungi mycelial growth and provides a generalized framework for describing the morphology of other filamentous fungi.

丝状真菌是一个多样化的微生物群体，包括具有重要工业意义的物种，如黑曲霉和黑麴霉，以及具有生物活性、可食用和药用的真菌，如灵芝（G. lucidum）和金针菇（Auricularia auricula）。丝状真菌菌丝体的形态对物种发展、天然产物合成和环境适应至关重要。因此，必须对菌丝形态进行准确的定性和定量评估。数学模型是研究微生物形态的有用工具，有助于菌丝发育的实验研究。然而，由于菌丝发育本身的复杂性，现有模型无法完全捕捉到它。本文使用 MATLAB (R2023b) 建立了一个二维无格子数学模型。该模型包含了菌丝顶端延伸、分枝、吻合和能量转换，同时引入了连续生长、范围吻合和可变生长长度行为。这些改进可以更准确地模拟真实的菌丝生长模式。该模型被用于模拟和优化 G. lucidum 的生长，其准确性得到了验证。我们的研究结果表明，所提出的模型能有效模拟丝状真菌的菌丝生长，并为描述其他丝状真菌的形态提供了一个通用框架。

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