Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.002
Yue Mao , Jiang Ye , Ruida Wang , Haizhen Wu , Huizhan Zhang
Lincomycin, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis, is widely used to treat Gram-positive bacterial and anaerobic infections. This study found that LmbU, a positive regulatory factor within the lincomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, can positively regulate the extracellular target gene cluster ectABCD (ect), which is involved in the synthesis of ectoine/hydroxyectoine. By knocking out ect, the lincomycin production was increased 2.8-fold. The addition of exogenous L-Asp in both xbl1 and Δect strains confirmed that the increased lincomycin production in Δect was due to enhanced precursor supply. Furthermore, osmotic stress experiments demonstrated that moderate NaCl concentrations could increase both ect expression and lincomycin production, while higher osmotic pressures resulted in decreased production and biomass. Together, these findings provide new mechanistic insights and offer a theoretical basis for the rational design of high-production industrial strains.
{"title":"Revealing and manipulating the LmbU-mediated connection between lincomycin production and the ectABCD gene cluster in S. lincolnensis","authors":"Yue Mao , Jiang Ye , Ruida Wang , Haizhen Wu , Huizhan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lincomycin, an antibiotic produced by <em>Streptomyces lincolnensis</em>, is widely used to treat Gram-positive bacterial and anaerobic infections. This study found that LmbU, a positive regulatory factor within the lincomycin biosynthesis gene cluster, can positively regulate the extracellular target gene cluster <em>ectABCD</em> (<em>ect</em>), which is involved in the synthesis of ectoine/hydroxyectoine. By knocking out <em>ect</em>, the lincomycin production was increased 2.8-fold. The addition of exogenous <span>L</span>-Asp in both xbl1 and Δ<em>ect</em> strains confirmed that the increased lincomycin production in Δ<em>ect</em> was due to enhanced precursor supply. Furthermore, osmotic stress experiments demonstrated that moderate NaCl concentrations could increase both <em>ect</em> expression and lincomycin production, while higher osmotic pressures resulted in decreased production and biomass. Together, these findings provide new mechanistic insights and offer a theoretical basis for the rational design of high-production industrial strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.003
Alan Portal D'Almeida , Pedro Abellanas- Perez , Tiago Lima de Albuquerque , Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves , Ivanildo José da Silva Junior , Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
Free and carrageenan immobilized Alcalase preparations were incubated at 70ºC and pHs 5, 7, and 10, and their activities were monitored with the synthetic substrate Boc-L-Ala-4-nitrophenyl ester (NPA), casein, bovine serum albumin and hemoglobin. The inactivation profiles were fully different when followed using the different substrates. Stability was much lower when using NPA compared to the results obtained when using the substrate proteins. A great diversity could also be observed using the different protein substrates, however, the highest stability for the free and immobilized Alcalase was observed using different substrate proteins depending on the inactivation conditions, thus affecting the stabilization factors achieved by the immobilization (e.g., stabilization caused by the immobilization was negligible at pH 10 using HG, but very relevant at pH 5 using NPA). This was explained because the new enzyme conformations generated during inactivation, which depend on the inactivation conditions and enzyme formulations, have new protein substrate specificities.
游离Alcalase和卡拉胶固定化Alcalase制剂分别在70℃和ph值5、7和10下孵育，并与合成底物boc - l - ala -4-硝基苯基酯（NPA）、酪蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和血红蛋白一起监测其活性。不同底物的失活谱完全不同。与使用底物蛋白时获得的结果相比，使用NPA时的稳定性要低得多。使用不同的蛋白质底物也可以观察到很大的多样性，然而，根据失活条件的不同，使用不同的底物蛋白质可以观察到自由和固定化Alcalase的最高稳定性，从而影响固定化所达到的稳定因子（例如，使用HG在pH 10时固定化所引起的稳定性可以忽略不计，但使用NPA在pH 5时则非常相关）。这是因为在失活过程中产生的新酶构象取决于失活条件和酶制剂，具有新的蛋白质底物特异性。
{"title":"Changes in protein substrate specificity during inactivation of different Alcalase formulations depends on inactivation conditions","authors":"Alan Portal D'Almeida , Pedro Abellanas- Perez , Tiago Lima de Albuquerque , Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves , Ivanildo José da Silva Junior , Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Free and carrageenan immobilized Alcalase preparations were incubated at 70ºC and pHs 5, 7, and 10, and their activities were monitored with the synthetic substrate Boc-<span>L</span>-Ala-4-nitrophenyl ester (NPA), casein, bovine serum albumin and hemoglobin. The inactivation profiles were fully different when followed using the different substrates. Stability was much lower when using NPA compared to the results obtained when using the substrate proteins. A great diversity could also be observed using the different protein substrates, however, the highest stability for the free and immobilized Alcalase was observed using different substrate proteins depending on the inactivation conditions, thus affecting the stabilization factors achieved by the immobilization (e.g., stabilization caused by the immobilization was negligible at pH 10 using HG, but very relevant at pH 5 using NPA). This was explained because the new enzyme conformations generated during inactivation, which depend on the inactivation conditions and enzyme formulations, have new protein substrate specificities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.018
Ernesto González, Alberto García-Martín, Juan Manuel Bolívar, Miguel Ladero, Victoria E. Santos
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates has gained attention because they are biobased and biodegradable plastics. Among them, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most common type of polyhydroxyalkanoate produced by several bacteria including Cupriavidus necator. Hence, this work aims to use resting cells of C. necator DSM 545 because this strategy is simpler than culture processes and this strain can assimilate glucose, a widely available monomer. C. necator DSM 545 was grown using a defined culture medium. The biomass was harvested and utilized to carry out resting cells experiments using phosphate buffer amended with glucose in different concentrations (2–20 g/L). Additional experiments include tests with different cell concentrations (1–8 g/L), shaking rates (150 and 180 rpm), and measurement of dissolved oxygen in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks to determinate the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Experiments with resting cells showed PHB production while the PHB-free biomass remains constant. The glucose uptake rate has a lineal behavior regarding initial PHB-free biomass (qS=0.37 ± 0.01 gglucose/gPHB-free biomass·h) and a saturation trend regarding glucose concentration (KS=0.88 ± 0.05 g/L). The observed yield for PHB was 0.482 ± 0.003 gPHB/gglucose (YP/S), coinciding with the maximum reported for the metabolic route. Measurements of dissolved oxygen showed that the process may be limited by the oxygen transfer rate.
{"title":"Modelling growth-arrested production of polyhydroxybutyrate by Cupriavidus necator DSM 545","authors":"Ernesto González, Alberto García-Martín, Juan Manuel Bolívar, Miguel Ladero, Victoria E. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates has gained attention because they are biobased and biodegradable plastics. Among them, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most common type of polyhydroxyalkanoate produced by several bacteria including <em>Cupriavidus necator</em>. Hence, this work aims to use resting cells of <em>C. necator</em> DSM 545 because this strategy is simpler than culture processes and this strain can assimilate glucose, a widely available monomer. <em>C. necator</em> DSM 545 was grown using a defined culture medium. The biomass was harvested and utilized to carry out resting cells experiments using phosphate buffer amended with glucose in different concentrations (2–20 g/L). Additional experiments include tests with different cell concentrations (1–8 g/L), shaking rates (150 and 180 rpm), and measurement of dissolved oxygen in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks to determinate the volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Experiments with resting cells showed PHB production while the PHB-free biomass remains constant. The glucose uptake rate has a lineal behavior regarding initial PHB-free biomass (q<sub>S</sub>=0.37 ± 0.01 g<sub>glucose</sub>/g<sub>PHB-free biomass</sub>·h) and a saturation trend regarding glucose concentration (K<sub>S</sub>=0.88 ± 0.05 g/L). The observed yield for PHB was 0.482 ± 0.003 g<sub>PHB</sub>/g<sub>glucose</sub> (Y<sub>P/S</sub>), coinciding with the maximum reported for the metabolic route. Measurements of dissolved oxygen showed that the process may be limited by the oxygen transfer rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 290-297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.019
Fernando Santos-Beneit , Sergio Bordel , Diego Martín-González , Carlos de la Fuente , Octavio García-Depraect , Tim Börner , Rosa Aragão Börner , Raúl Muñoz
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics, yet their large-scale application remains hindered by high production costs. Here, a direct and cost-effective microbial strategy to upcycle polyester waste into PHAs using Paracoccus denitrificans was investigated. Remarkably, the bacterium metabolized 10 out of 12 tested plastic-derived monomers and efficiently accumulated intracellular PHAs, even when fed with pretreated mixed polyester waste instead of purified substrates. More than 80 % of polyester monomers supported growth, and medium optimization through nitrogen reduction boosted PHA content up to 30 % of cell dry weight. This one-step process circumvents costly separation steps, enabling the valorization of heterogeneous plastic mixtures and significantly reducing both economic and processing burdens. By transforming post-consumer plastics into high-value biopolymers, this work positions P. denitrificans as a versatile platform for circular bioeconomy strategies, directly supporting global sustainability agendas and advancing sustainable bioprocessing for the green industry.
{"title":"Valorization of polyester wastes into polyhydroxyalkanoates via a one-step microbial fermentation process","authors":"Fernando Santos-Beneit , Sergio Bordel , Diego Martín-González , Carlos de la Fuente , Octavio García-Depraect , Tim Börner , Rosa Aragão Börner , Raúl Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics, yet their large-scale application remains hindered by high production costs. Here, a direct and cost-effective microbial strategy to upcycle polyester waste into PHAs using <em>Paracoccus denitrificans</em> was investigated. Remarkably, the bacterium metabolized 10 out of 12 tested plastic-derived monomers and efficiently accumulated intracellular PHAs, even when fed with pretreated mixed polyester waste instead of purified substrates. More than 80 % of polyester monomers supported growth, and medium optimization through nitrogen reduction boosted PHA content up to 30 % of cell dry weight. This one-step process circumvents costly separation steps, enabling the valorization of heterogeneous plastic mixtures and significantly reducing both economic and processing burdens. By transforming post-consumer plastics into high-value biopolymers, this work positions <em>P. denitrificans</em> as a versatile platform for circular bioeconomy strategies, directly supporting global sustainability agendas and advancing sustainable bioprocessing for the green industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 283-289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel fermentation system, interface fermentor (IFF), was constructed and applied to the production of (+)-sclerotiorin (SCL) which was a fungal secondary metabolite having various biological activities. The IFF was composed of a nutrient agar plate (bottom phase), a fungal mat (middle phase), and a hydrophobic organic solvent (top phase). Six fermentor units stacked were connected by oil-tolerant rubber tubes to form a fermentor tower. Two fermentor towers were jointed in parallel to an adsorption unit packed with adsorbent granules (silica gel). While an organic solvent, low-density dimethylsilicone oil, in the units overflowed into right under ones, the solvent in both bottom units overflowed into the adsorption unit. The solvent in the adsorption unit was forwarded to head units in each fermentor tower with a circulation pump. The efficacy of the multi-story IFF system was proved by through the production of SCL with Penicillium sclerotiorum NBRC 113796. The IFF coupled with an adsorption unit, of which total surface area and volume of agar plates were 5508 cm2 and 10.8 L, gave 7.91 g of SCL in total by 4 weeks.
{"title":"Multistory interface fermentor coupled with an adsorption unit: Application to the production of a biologically active azaphilone metabolite, (+)-sclerotiorin, with Penicillium sclerotiorum NBRC 113796","authors":"Shinobu Oda , Fuka Kumazaki , Riko Murakami , Yoshihiro Watanabe , Masato Iwatsuki","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel fermentation system, interface fermentor (IFF), was constructed and applied to the production of (+)-sclerotiorin (SCL) which was a fungal secondary metabolite having various biological activities. The IFF was composed of a nutrient agar plate (bottom phase), a fungal mat (middle phase), and a hydrophobic organic solvent (top phase). Six fermentor units stacked were connected by oil-tolerant rubber tubes to form a fermentor tower. Two fermentor towers were jointed in parallel to an adsorption unit packed with adsorbent granules (silica gel). While an organic solvent, low-density dimethylsilicone oil, in the units overflowed into right under ones, the solvent in both bottom units overflowed into the adsorption unit. The solvent in the adsorption unit was forwarded to head units in each fermentor tower with a circulation pump. The efficacy of the multi-story IFF system was proved by through the production of SCL with <em>Penicillium sclerotiorum</em> NBRC 113796. The IFF coupled with an adsorption unit, of which total surface area and volume of agar plates were 5508 cm<sup>2</sup> and 10.8 L, gave 7.91 g of SCL in total by 4 weeks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.016
Chathuri Kaushalya Marasinghe , Jun-Geon Je , Bomi Ryu , Jae-Young Je
In this study, the anti-atherosclerotic potential of Ishige okamurae-derived fucoidan (IOF) fractions was evaluated, with F4 fraction identified as the most bioactive due to its high fucose content and superior bioactivity in in vitro and in vivo assays. The F4 fraction inhibited foam cell formation in oxLDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages by reducing intracellular lipid accumulation, total cholesterol content, cholesterol influx, and associated protein expression. Conversely, it enhanced cholesterol efflux by upregulating efflux-related proteins via the PPAR-γ/LXR-α signaling pathway, mediated through AMPK phosphorylation. Validation using human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) confirmed the foam cell formation inhibitory effects of the F4 fraction in human-derived models. The F4 fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and downregulating iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Additionally, it inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation, thereby attenuating inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, the F4 fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity by activating the HO-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, enhancing cellular defenses against oxidative stress. These findings highlight the multifaceted therapeutic potential of the F4 fraction in mitigating key pathological processes of atherosclerosis, including foam cell formation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, suggesting its promise as a novel anti-atherosclerotic agent.
{"title":"Structural characterization and anti-atherosclerotic potential of low molecular weight fucoidan isolated from Ishige okamurae","authors":"Chathuri Kaushalya Marasinghe , Jun-Geon Je , Bomi Ryu , Jae-Young Je","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the anti-atherosclerotic potential of <em>Ishige okamurae</em>-derived fucoidan (IOF) fractions was evaluated, with F4 fraction identified as the most bioactive due to its high fucose content and superior bioactivity in <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> assays. The F4 fraction inhibited foam cell formation in oxLDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages by reducing intracellular lipid accumulation, total cholesterol content, cholesterol influx, and associated protein expression. Conversely, it enhanced cholesterol efflux by upregulating efflux-related proteins via the PPAR-γ/LXR-α signaling pathway, mediated through AMPK phosphorylation. Validation using human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) confirmed the foam cell formation inhibitory effects of the F4 fraction in human-derived models. The F4 fraction also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and downregulating iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Additionally, it inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation, thereby attenuating inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, the F4 fraction exhibited potent antioxidant activity by activating the HO-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, enhancing cellular defenses against oxidative stress. These findings highlight the multifaceted therapeutic potential of the F4 fraction in mitigating key pathological processes of atherosclerosis, including foam cell formation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, suggesting its promise as a novel anti-atherosclerotic agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 269-282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shellfish processing plants generate large volumes of by-products rich in high-value biomolecules such as proteins, minerals, and chitin. Currently, chitin extraction is mainly carried out by chemical hydrolysis using strong acids and bases, a method with a large environmental impact. To address these concerns, a sustainable enzymatic approach was developed for extracting chitin from snow crab and American lobster shells. Different acid-active proteases were tested to identify the most effective enzyme for simultaneous deproteinization and demineralization of the shells. Pepsin demonstrated the highest efficiency, achieving over 95 % demineralization and 78 % deproteinization. The process was further optimized to minimize enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time. The respective optimum parameters for crab and lobster were 3130 and 2070 U of pepsin per gram of protein for 2.5 h. In these conditions, deproteinization rates of 74.0 % and 81.1 % and demineralization rates of 94.5 % and 90.8 % were achieved for crab and lobster shells, respectively. Additionally, soluble proteins from the enzymatic hydrolysis were recovered and characterized, demonstrating their potential for use in animal feed and for bioactive peptides production.
{"title":"An enzymatic approach for producing chitin from snow crab and American lobster seashells","authors":"Pauline Potier, Gabriela Vollet Marson, Ariane Tremblay, Alain Doyen, Lucie Beaulieu","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shellfish processing plants generate large volumes of by-products rich in high-value biomolecules such as proteins, minerals, and chitin. Currently, chitin extraction is mainly carried out by chemical hydrolysis using strong acids and bases, a method with a large environmental impact. To address these concerns, a sustainable enzymatic approach was developed for extracting chitin from snow crab and American lobster shells. Different acid-active proteases were tested to identify the most effective enzyme for simultaneous deproteinization and demineralization of the shells. Pepsin demonstrated the highest efficiency, achieving over 95 % demineralization and 78 % deproteinization. The process was further optimized to minimize enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time. The respective optimum parameters for crab and lobster were 3130 and 2070 U of pepsin per gram of protein for 2.5 h. In these conditions, deproteinization rates of 74.0 % and 81.1 % and demineralization rates of 94.5 % and 90.8 % were achieved for crab and lobster shells, respectively. Additionally, soluble proteins from the enzymatic hydrolysis were recovered and characterized, demonstrating their potential for use in animal feed and for bioactive peptides production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.014
Yaya Wang , Weilong Cao , Damir Nussipov , Yuan Bao , Jiaxuan Li , Zhiwei Shi , Anning Zhou , Kuanysh Tastambek , Xiangrong Liu
China's abundant low-rank coal suffers from high moisture and low calorific value, limiting its energy efficiency. Biodegradation offers a sustainable quality enhancement strategy. This study assessed the lignite degradation capabilities of bacterial strains Bacillus cereus (ESM1) and Lelliottia amnigena (P1) using enzymatic, interfacial, and metabolomic analyses. ESM1 demonstrated significantly higher degradation efficiency (41.7 %) than P1 (19.4 %). Superior degradation by ESM1 was confirmed by elevated humic acid-like substances detected via fluorescence spectroscopy. Comparative enzyme assays revealed ESM1 produced substantially higher activities of lignin peroxidase (61.32 U/mL vs. 38.25 U/mL), manganese peroxidase (11.23 U/mL vs. 6.67 U/mL), and lipase (13.1 U/mL vs. 7.2 U/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed ESM1 treatment generated more long-chain alkanes (77.7 % vs. 66.0 %). Scanning electron microscopy indicated stronger ESM1 adhesion (adsorption rate: 56.5 % vs. 23.8 %), attributed to polysaccharide-rich extracellular substances and favorable electrostatic interactions. Metabolomic profiling identified 205 differentially expressed metabolites in ESM1, enriched in cofactor biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and styrene degradation pathways, suggesting their critical role in its enhanced degradation ability. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing microbial consortia for sustainable coal conversion.
中国储量丰富的低阶煤含水率高、热值低，限制了其能源利用效率。生物降解提供了一种可持续的质量提高策略。本研究利用酶、界面和代谢组学分析评估了蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus, ESM1）和羊绒芽孢杆菌（Lelliottia amnigena, P1）菌株的褐煤降解能力。ESM1的降解效率（41.7 %）明显高于P1（19.4 %）。通过荧光光谱检测到腐植酸样物质的升高，证实了ESM1的良好降解作用。比较酶分析显示，ESM1产生的木质素过氧化物酶（61.32 U/mL vs. 38.25 U/mL）、锰过氧化物酶（11.23 U/mL vs. 6.67 U/mL）和脂肪酶（13.1 U/mL vs. 7.2 U/mL）的活性显著提高。气相色谱-质谱分析显示ESM1处理产生更多的长链烷烃（77.7% % vs. 66.0 %）。扫描电镜显示更强的ESM1粘附（吸附率：56.5 % vs. 23.8 %），归因于富含多糖的细胞外物质和有利的静电相互作用。代谢组学分析鉴定了ESM1中205种差异表达的代谢物，这些代谢物富集于辅助因子生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、嘧啶代谢和苯乙烯降解途径，表明它们在增强ESM1降解能力中起着关键作用。这些发现为优化可持续煤转化的微生物群落提供了基础。
{"title":"Comparative biodegradation of lignite by Bacillus cereus and Lelliottia amnigena: Elucidating enzymatic, adhesion, and metabolic mechanisms through multi-technique analysis","authors":"Yaya Wang , Weilong Cao , Damir Nussipov , Yuan Bao , Jiaxuan Li , Zhiwei Shi , Anning Zhou , Kuanysh Tastambek , Xiangrong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's abundant low-rank coal suffers from high moisture and low calorific value, limiting its energy efficiency. Biodegradation offers a sustainable quality enhancement strategy. This study assessed the lignite degradation capabilities of bacterial strains Bacillus cereus (ESM1) and Lelliottia amnigena (P1) using enzymatic, interfacial, and metabolomic analyses. ESM1 demonstrated significantly higher degradation efficiency (41.7 %) than P1 (19.4 %). Superior degradation by ESM1 was confirmed by elevated humic acid-like substances detected via fluorescence spectroscopy. Comparative enzyme assays revealed ESM1 produced substantially higher activities of lignin peroxidase (61.32 U/mL vs. 38.25 U/mL), manganese peroxidase (11.23 U/mL vs. 6.67 U/mL), and lipase (13.1 U/mL vs. 7.2 U/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed ESM1 treatment generated more long-chain alkanes (77.7 % vs. 66.0 %). Scanning electron microscopy indicated stronger ESM1 adhesion (adsorption rate: 56.5 % vs. 23.8 %), attributed to polysaccharide-rich extracellular substances and favorable electrostatic interactions. Metabolomic profiling identified 205 differentially expressed metabolites in ESM1, enriched in cofactor biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and styrene degradation pathways, suggesting their critical role in its enhanced degradation ability. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing microbial consortia for sustainable coal conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 249-260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.013
Tao Yu , Jie Ling , Fei Fan , Weiliang Wang , Wenmin Bai , Minxi Wan , Yuanguang Li
The objective of this study was to establish an effective night-time supplementary lighting strategy for improving the growth rate of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Based on the indoor experimental data collected under varying light intensities, light qualities, light-dark cycle durations, and light-dark ratios, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal parameters for night-time illumination at different growth stages. The optimal culture conditions during the early growth stage (0–4 days) were identified as: light intensity of 140 μmol m−2·s−1, red-blue light ratio of 2.6:1, light-dark cycle duration of 110 min, light-dark ratio of 6.3:1, and inoculation age of 6 days. For the middle growth stage (5–8 days), the culture conditions that produced the highest biomass concentration were: light intensity of 173 μmol m−2·s−1, red-blue light ratio of 3.2:1, light-dark cycle duration of 116 min, light-dark ratio of 6.4:1, and inoculation age of 6 days. In the late cultivation period (9–12 days), no supplementary lighting was required. The indoor and outdoor cultivation were then compared under the different supplementary lighting strategies. The results demonstrated that the staged night-time supplementary lighting strategy achieved the highest biomass productivity under both indoor and outdoor conditions. During the initial 0–8 days of cultivation, the biomass productivity reached 0.58 g L−1 d−1 indoors and 0.50 g L−1 d−1, outdoors, more than 42.00 % higher than other lighting strategies. The staged, RSM-optimized night-time supplementary lighting strategy significantly improve the biomass concentration of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 while also reducing the overall light energy consumption.
{"title":"A novel and high-efficiency supplementary lighting strategy to enhance the growth of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002","authors":"Tao Yu , Jie Ling , Fei Fan , Weiliang Wang , Wenmin Bai , Minxi Wan , Yuanguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to establish an effective night-time supplementary lighting strategy for improving the growth rate of <em>Synechococcus</em> sp. PCC 7002. Based on the indoor experimental data collected under varying light intensities, light qualities, light-dark cycle durations, and light-dark ratios, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal parameters for night-time illumination at different growth stages. The optimal culture conditions during the early growth stage (0–4 days) were identified as: light intensity of 140 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>, red-blue light ratio of 2.6:1, light-dark cycle duration of 110 min, light-dark ratio of 6.3:1, and inoculation age of 6 days. For the middle growth stage (5–8 days), the culture conditions that produced the highest biomass concentration were: light intensity of 173 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>, red-blue light ratio of 3.2:1, light-dark cycle duration of 116 min, light-dark ratio of 6.4:1, and inoculation age of 6 days. In the late cultivation period (9–12 days), no supplementary lighting was required. The indoor and outdoor cultivation were then compared under the different supplementary lighting strategies. The results demonstrated that the staged night-time supplementary lighting strategy achieved the highest biomass productivity under both indoor and outdoor conditions. During the initial 0–8 days of cultivation, the biomass productivity reached 0.58 g L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> indoors and 0.50 g L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>, outdoors, more than 42.00 % higher than other lighting strategies. The staged, RSM-optimized night-time supplementary lighting strategy significantly improve the biomass concentration of <em>Synechococcus</em> sp. PCC 7002 while also reducing the overall light energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 225-235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.012
C. Lalthlansanga , Bijayananda Mohanty , Ajay S. Kalamdhad
A novel strategy is investigated to optimize swine dung composting time and quality by sequential integration of Rotary Drum Composting (RDC) and Vermicomposting technologies. The pre-thermophilic treatment for 7 days in the rotary drum composter (RDC), followed by 30 days of vermicomposting with bulking agents, significantly reduced the overall composting duration and improved the quality of the final bioproducts. Post vermicomposting, enhanced levels of TKN, TP, and TK were observed in the final compost. Thus, at the end of the 30th day, the treatment using rice straw RV3 (rice straw + swine waste) outperformed with TKN (2.54 %), TP (11.58 g kg−1) and TK (21.6 g kg−1). Furthermore, the final compost satisfied heavy metal concentration safety standards, minimizing possible environmental risks with final concentrations of Cu < 200 mg kg−1, Pb < 100 mg kg−1 and Zn < 300 mg kg−1 for the three reactors. This integrated composting technology offers a fast and efficient solution for swine waste composting, enhancing earthworm population growth, making it a viable and sustainable agriculture option.
研究了一种将转鼓堆肥（RDC）和蚯蚓堆肥（vermicorcomposting）技术序贯结合的优化猪粪堆肥时间和质量的新策略。在转鼓式堆肥机（RDC）中进行7天的热前处理，然后添加膨化剂进行30天的蚯蚓堆肥，显著缩短了总体堆肥时间，提高了最终生物制品的质量。蚯蚓堆肥后，在最终堆肥中观察到TKN、TP和TK水平的提高。因此，在第30天结束时，稻草RV3（稻草+猪粪）处理的效果优于TKN（2.54 %）、TP（11.58 g kg−1）和TK（21.6 g kg−1）。此外,最后堆肥重金属浓度满足安全标准,尽量减少可能的环境风险最终浓度的铜& lt; 200 毫克公斤−1 Pb & lt; 100 毫克公斤−1和锌& lt; 300 毫克公斤−1的三个反应堆。这种综合堆肥技术为猪粪堆肥提供了快速有效的解决方案，促进了蚯蚓种群的增长，使其成为一种可行和可持续的农业选择。
{"title":"Shortening composting period of swine waste: A two-step method combining rotary drum and vermicomposting with bulking agents","authors":"C. Lalthlansanga , Bijayananda Mohanty , Ajay S. Kalamdhad","doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.procbio.2025.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel strategy is investigated to optimize swine dung composting time and quality by sequential integration of Rotary Drum Composting (RDC) and Vermicomposting technologies. The pre-thermophilic treatment for 7 days in the rotary drum composter (RDC), followed by 30 days of vermicomposting with bulking agents, significantly reduced the overall composting duration and improved the quality of the final bioproducts. Post vermicomposting, enhanced levels of TKN, TP, and TK were observed in the final compost. Thus, at the end of the 30th day, the treatment using rice straw RV3 (rice straw + swine waste) outperformed with TKN (2.54 %), TP (11.58 g kg<sup>−1</sup>) and TK (21.6 g kg<sup>−1</sup>). Furthermore, the final compost satisfied heavy metal concentration safety standards, minimizing possible environmental risks with final concentrations of Cu < 200 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, Pb < 100 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> and Zn < 300 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> for the three reactors. This integrated composting technology offers a fast and efficient solution for swine waste composting, enhancing earthworm population growth, making it a viable and sustainable agriculture option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20811,"journal":{"name":"Process Biochemistry","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 236-248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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