Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15586/qas.v13isp2.945
Juge Liu, Xiyu Yao, Dawei Yun, Man Zhang, C. Qian, Jun Liu
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp contains abundant polyphenols that are suitable materials for developing active packaging films. In this study, 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% of litchi pericarp extract (LPE) was added into qua-ternary ammonium chitosan (QAC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to develop active packaging films. The structural, physical and functional properties of QAC-PVA (QP) films were compared with LPE (QP-LPE films) and without LPE (QP films). Results showed QP film had a heterogenous cross-section whereas QP-LPE films displayed rough and uneven cross-sections. After adding LPE, the N–H, O–H, C–H and C=O stretching bands of QP films shifted due to the formation of intermolecular interactions between LPE and film matrix. LPE made the colorless QP film turned brown. QP-LPE films presented lower ultraviolet–visible light transmittance than QP film. After adding LPE, film thickness increased from 0.091 to 0.103 mm, film water vapor permeability increased from 14.98 × 10−11 to 17.21 × 10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1, film oxygen permeability increased from 0.16 to 0.22 cm3 mm m−2 day−1 atm−1, film tensile strength increased from 14.10 to 17.41 MPa, and film elongation at break decreased from 36.94% to 25.13%. QP-LPE films quickly released polyphenols in distilled water within 4 h and displayed potent antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial ratio of the film against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was elevated from 50.40−68.04% to 58.93−91.38% after adding LPE. Results suggested QP-LPE films could be utilized as antioxidant and antimicrobial packaging materials in food industry.
{"title":"Development of active packaging films based on quaternary ammonium chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp extract","authors":"Juge Liu, Xiyu Yao, Dawei Yun, Man Zhang, C. Qian, Jun Liu","doi":"10.15586/qas.v13isp2.945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v13isp2.945","url":null,"abstract":"Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp contains abundant polyphenols that are suitable materials for developing active packaging films. In this study, 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% of litchi pericarp extract (LPE) was added into qua-ternary ammonium chitosan (QAC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to develop active packaging films. The structural, physical and functional properties of QAC-PVA (QP) films were compared with LPE (QP-LPE films) and without LPE (QP films). Results showed QP film had a heterogenous cross-section whereas QP-LPE films displayed rough and uneven cross-sections. After adding LPE, the N–H, O–H, C–H and C=O stretching bands of QP films shifted due to the formation of intermolecular interactions between LPE and film matrix. LPE made the colorless QP film turned brown. QP-LPE films presented lower ultraviolet–visible light transmittance than QP film. After adding LPE, film thickness increased from 0.091 to 0.103 mm, film water vapor permeability increased from 14.98 × 10−11 to 17.21 × 10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1, film oxygen permeability increased from 0.16 to 0.22 cm3 mm m−2 day−1 atm−1, film tensile strength increased from 14.10 to 17.41 MPa, and film elongation at break decreased from 36.94% to 25.13%. QP-LPE films quickly released polyphenols in distilled water within 4 h and displayed potent antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial ratio of the film against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was elevated from 50.40−68.04% to 58.93−91.38% after adding LPE. Results suggested QP-LPE films could be utilized as antioxidant and antimicrobial packaging materials in food industry.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67104808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.15586/QAS.V12ISP1.823
A. Alizadeh, Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork, Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani, M. Maleki, Maryam Azizi-Lalabad, K. Khosravi‐Darani
Clostridium (C.) botulinum is the causative agent of foodborne poisoning such as botulism, which includes high mortality rates in animals and humans. Probiotic bacteria play critically functional roles in food matrices, as well as agricultural, clinical and nutritional fields. In this review, potentials of various probiotic bacteria and their metabolites to prevent C. botulinum toxicity are reviewed. For this purpose, an introduction about C. botulinum and its mechanisms of action is provided. After a short introduction of probiotic bacteria and their beneficial health effects on humans, the bacterial mechanisms of their action are reviewed. Then bacteriocin production by probiotic bacteria is described. After description of C. botulinum and its neurotoxins, effects of probiotic bacteria on C. botulinum are reviewed with a special focus on effects of the bacterial bacteriocins on this pathogen. Furthermore, physicochemical factors, which show great effects on potential of nisin to prevent growth and toxin production of the bacteria, are introduced. This study has shown that probiotic bacteria and their bacteriocins can be effective on growth, toxin formation and toxicity of C. botulinum. In conclusion, probiotic use in food safety studies can be effective in preventing or treating toxicity of C. botulinum.
{"title":"Inhibition of Clostridium (C.) botulinum and its toxins by probiotic bacteria and their metabolites: An update review","authors":"A. Alizadeh, Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork, Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani, M. Maleki, Maryam Azizi-Lalabad, K. Khosravi‐Darani","doi":"10.15586/QAS.V12ISP1.823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/QAS.V12ISP1.823","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium (C.) botulinum is the causative agent of foodborne poisoning such as botulism, which includes high mortality rates in animals and humans. Probiotic bacteria play critically functional roles in food matrices, as well as agricultural, clinical and nutritional fields. In this review, potentials of various probiotic bacteria and their metabolites to prevent C. botulinum toxicity are reviewed. For this purpose, an introduction about C. botulinum and its mechanisms of action is provided. After a short introduction of probiotic bacteria and their beneficial health effects on humans, the bacterial mechanisms of their action are reviewed. Then bacteriocin production by probiotic bacteria is described. After description of C. botulinum and its neurotoxins, effects of probiotic bacteria on C. botulinum are reviewed with a special focus on effects of the bacterial bacteriocins on this pathogen. Furthermore, physicochemical factors, which show great effects on potential of nisin to prevent growth and toxin production of the bacteria, are introduced. This study has shown that probiotic bacteria and their bacteriocins can be effective on growth, toxin formation and toxicity of C. botulinum. In conclusion, probiotic use in food safety studies can be effective in preventing or treating toxicity of C. botulinum.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41286362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gonçalves, S. Lee, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, C. Oliveira
In this review, formation of biofilms and the available data on enzyme-based preparations to control microbial biofilms in dairy processing environments are presented. Mature biofilms, especially those formed by pathogenic bacteria, have increased resistance to biocides, hence stressing the importance of stringent hygienic procedures. Proteases, amylases, cellulases and DNAses are among the most recently studied enzymes that could be associated with the main biocides used in the dairy industry to increase the effect of removal of biofilm. However, addi-tional studies should be conducted to select the best cost-benefit combinations of selected enzymes and biocides to remove efficiently biofilms in dairy processing environments.
{"title":"Enzyme-based approaches to control microbial biofilms in dairy processing environments: A review","authors":"S. Gonçalves, S. Lee, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, C. Oliveira","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12sp1.828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12sp1.828","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, formation of biofilms and the available data on enzyme-based preparations to control microbial biofilms in dairy processing environments are presented. Mature biofilms, especially those formed by pathogenic bacteria, have increased resistance to biocides, hence stressing the importance of stringent hygienic procedures. Proteases, amylases, cellulases and DNAses are among the most recently studied enzymes that could be associated with the main biocides used in the dairy industry to increase the effect of removal of biofilm. However, addi-tional studies should be conducted to select the best cost-benefit combinations of selected enzymes and biocides to remove efficiently biofilms in dairy processing environments.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49392338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bene oil (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source, is rich in phenolic and tocopherol compounds and has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation of hydrophobic compounds in liposome system is an ideal solution for protecting them against destruction during storage. An important advantage of liposomes is the encapsulation of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic compounds by using natural phospholipids, such as lecithin, with beneficial effects. The aim of this study is to encapsulate the bene kernel oil in the form of microliposomes. For this purpose, the effect of composition of liposomes based on lecithin and cholesterol was studied using the Mozafari method. Liposomes are prepared using lecithin and cholesterol in the ratios of 60:0, 50:10, 40:20 and 30:30. Particle size, size distribution, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were charac-terised. According to the result, the size of liposomes was dependent on their composition, but the wasaffected significantly affected by adding cholesterol (P < 0.05). Average diameter of the particles was between 4 and 9 µm. Liposome with a ratio of 40:20 had the smallest size. By applying cholesterol, zeta potential increased from 16.4 mV to 32.39 mV, which indicates electrostatic stability of liposomes. In general, with encapsulation efficiency of 84.33%, the ratio of 40:20 is considered as an ideal concentration in the formulation of microliposomes. Based on the results, bene oil-loaded liposomes with a lecithin:cholesterol formulation ratio of :as 40:20 was chosen as an optimal formulation because of its smaller particle size, higher zeta potential and suitable stability, which can be used in trapping, delivering and releasing hydrophilic, adipose-friendly and amphiphilic compounds (dual-friendly).
{"title":"Physical stability of microliposomes in bene (Pistacia atlantica) oil with different formulations","authors":"Mahsa Nikkhah, Z. Khoshkhoo, Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini, Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani, Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12sp1.827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12sp1.827","url":null,"abstract":"Bene oil (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source, is rich in phenolic and tocopherol compounds and has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation of hydrophobic compounds in liposome system is an ideal solution for protecting them against destruction during storage. An important advantage of liposomes is the encapsulation of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic compounds by using natural phospholipids, such as lecithin, with beneficial effects. The aim of this study is to encapsulate the bene kernel oil in the form of microliposomes. For this purpose, the effect of composition of liposomes based on lecithin and cholesterol was studied using the Mozafari method. Liposomes are prepared using lecithin and cholesterol in the ratios of 60:0, 50:10, 40:20 and 30:30. Particle size, size distribution, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were charac-terised. According to the result, the size of liposomes was dependent on their composition, but the wasaffected significantly affected by adding cholesterol (P < 0.05). Average diameter of the particles was between 4 and 9 µm. Liposome with a ratio of 40:20 had the smallest size. By applying cholesterol, zeta potential increased from 16.4 mV to 32.39 mV, which indicates electrostatic stability of liposomes. In general, with encapsulation efficiency of 84.33%, the ratio of 40:20 is considered as an ideal concentration in the formulation of microliposomes. Based on the results, bene oil-loaded liposomes with a lecithin:cholesterol formulation ratio of :as 40:20 was chosen as an optimal formulation because of its smaller particle size, higher zeta potential and suitable stability, which can be used in trapping, delivering and releasing hydrophilic, adipose-friendly and amphiphilic compounds (dual-friendly).","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41905658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Fernanda Sengling Cebin Coppa, B. C. Gonçalves, S. Lee, V. M. Nunes, C. B. Gonçalves, Christianne E. C. Rodrigues, C. A. Oliveira
Oleuropein is a phenolic compound found in all parts of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), although at higher levels in the leaves. The health benefits associated with the consumption of oleuropein include the prevention of cardiac diseases, improvement in lipid metabolism, and decrease in obesity-related disturbs, among others. In addition, several studies have shown that oleuropein presents antimicrobial, antioxidant, and inflammatory properties. The scientific interest in the methods for the extraction of oleuropein from olive leaves has markedly increased in recent years, aiming to extend its application in foods, cosmetics, and drugs. In this review, the extraction procedures available in the literature are described according to their advantages and disadvantages that directly affect the extraction yield. The applicability of oleuropein in food products is also discussed.
{"title":"Extraction of oleuropein from olive leaves and applicability in foods","authors":"Carolina Fernanda Sengling Cebin Coppa, B. C. Gonçalves, S. Lee, V. M. Nunes, C. B. Gonçalves, Christianne E. C. Rodrigues, C. A. Oliveira","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i4.779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i4.779","url":null,"abstract":"Oleuropein is a phenolic compound found in all parts of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), although at higher levels in the leaves. The health benefits associated with the consumption of oleuropein include the prevention of cardiac diseases, improvement in lipid metabolism, and decrease in obesity-related disturbs, among others. In addition, several studies have shown that oleuropein presents antimicrobial, antioxidant, and inflammatory properties. The scientific interest in the methods for the extraction of oleuropein from olive leaves has markedly increased in recent years, aiming to extend its application in foods, cosmetics, and drugs. In this review, the extraction procedures available in the literature are described according to their advantages and disadvantages that directly affect the extraction yield. The applicability of oleuropein in food products is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"12 1","pages":"50-62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45730792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.15586/qas.v12isp1.793
Rafiullah, M. Tariq, Farmanullah Khan, A. Shah, S. Fahad, F. Wahid, J. Ali, Muhammad Adnan, M. Ahmad, M. Irfan, M. Zafar-ul-Hye, M. Battaglia, Tayebeh Zarei, I. Salim, R. Datta, Hafeez-u-Rehman, Subhan Danish
Poor soil fertility due to continuous depletion of micronutrients is a major problem for the production of Prunus domestica L. Low level of soil organic matter and calcareous parent material decrease the bioavailability of these micronutrients to plum plants. Thus, less micronutrients uptake resulted in deterioration of plum fruit quality and decreased yield. On the other hand, balance and correct combination of micronutrients used as a foliar has potential to overcome this problem. Foliar application method provides plants a chance for rapid and easy uptake of micronutrients. Therefore, the present research was carried out to select the best combination of micronutrients using foliar method. Aim of the study was to select a balanced combination of micronutrients for better production and improved quality of plum (Prunus domestica L., variety Fazal manai) fruit. Seven treatments in three replications were applied. Our results showed that the quality of fruit was significantly improved through the application of T6 micronutrients consortia. A significant increase in total soluble solids (16%), fruit yield per tree (92%) and fruit size (12%) validated the effectiveness of treatment T6 (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B = 0.5% + 0.2% + 0.5% + 0.5% + 0.1%) over control. Application of treatment T6 also enhanced quality attributes, that is, juice acidity (22%), juice sugar (22%) and juice contents (16%), as compared to control. It is concluded that use of treatment T6 as a foliar application is a better approach for significant improvement in quality and yield attributes of plum in micronutrients deficient conditions.
土壤中微量元素的持续耗竭导致土壤肥力低下是制约李树生产的主要问题。土壤有机质和钙质母质水平低降低了这些微量元素对李树的生物有效性。因此，微量元素吸收不足导致李子果实品质恶化，产量下降。另一方面，平衡和正确的微量元素组合作为叶面使用有可能克服这一问题。叶面施肥法为植物提供了快速、简便地吸收微量营养素的机会。因此，本研究采用叶面法选择微量营养素的最佳组合。为提高李果的产量和品质，选择均衡的微量元素组合。7个处理，3个重复。结果表明，施用T6微量营养素可显著提高果实品质。可溶性固形物总量(16%)、单株果产量(92%)和果实大小(12%)显著增加，证实了T6处理(Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B = 0.5% + 0.2% + 0.5% + 0.5% + 0.1%)较对照有效。与对照相比，处理T6还提高了果汁的品质属性，即果汁酸度(22%)、果汁糖(22%)和果汁含量(16%)。综上所述，在微量元素缺乏条件下，叶面喷施T6处理是显著改善李子品质和产量属性的较好途径。
{"title":"Effect of micronutrients foliar supplementation on the production and eminence of plum (Prunus domestica L.)","authors":"Rafiullah, M. Tariq, Farmanullah Khan, A. Shah, S. Fahad, F. Wahid, J. Ali, Muhammad Adnan, M. Ahmad, M. Irfan, M. Zafar-ul-Hye, M. Battaglia, Tayebeh Zarei, I. Salim, R. Datta, Hafeez-u-Rehman, Subhan Danish","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12isp1.793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12isp1.793","url":null,"abstract":"Poor soil fertility due to continuous depletion of micronutrients is a major problem for the production of Prunus domestica L. Low level of soil organic matter and calcareous parent material decrease the bioavailability of these micronutrients to plum plants. Thus, less micronutrients uptake resulted in deterioration of plum fruit quality and decreased yield. On the other hand, balance and correct combination of micronutrients used as a foliar has potential to overcome this problem. Foliar application method provides plants a chance for rapid and easy uptake of micronutrients. Therefore, the present research was carried out to select the best combination of micronutrients using foliar method. Aim of the study was to select a balanced combination of micronutrients for better production and improved quality of plum (Prunus domestica L., variety Fazal manai) fruit. Seven treatments in three replications were applied. Our results showed that the quality of fruit was significantly improved through the application of T6 micronutrients consortia. A significant increase in total soluble solids (16%), fruit yield per tree (92%) and fruit size (12%) validated the effectiveness of treatment T6 (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B = 0.5% + 0.2% + 0.5% + 0.5% + 0.1%) over control. Application of treatment T6 also enhanced quality attributes, that is, juice acidity (22%), juice sugar (22%) and juice contents (16%), as compared to control. It is concluded that use of treatment T6 as a foliar application is a better approach for significant improvement in quality and yield attributes of plum in micronutrients deficient conditions.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"12 1","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45195482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Palma, A. Mercado, A. Paredes, C. Lizama, G. Pohl, M. J. Larrazabal
Acantholippia deserticola (Rica-Rica) is a native shrub of the Chilean highlands used as a medicinal plant and food dressing. The objective of this study was to compare the physical, antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of its essential oil (EO), based on the process parameters and extraction methods using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and assessing presence of fatty acids. The process performance as well as the colour parameters, refractive index, fatty acid profile, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity were evaluated. The best process conditions for HD were 90 min, 420 W and 150 g 1000 mL–1; for MAHD, these were 90 min, 700 W and 200 g 1000 mL–1, with yields of 0.45 and 0.49 mL 100 g-1 and antioxidant capacities of 2.38 and 3.92 μmol Trolox g-1 respectively. The collection season, extraction method and its parameters affected the yield and fatty acid profile, influencing EOs’ activity. In terms of mass of herbs, process time as well as energy efficiency and environmental impact, the extraction of MAHD was 8% more efficient. EOs extracted by both methods show a slight inhibitory effect on Streptococcus sp. and Bacillus cereus, and MAHD EO showed a highly inhibitory effect on Streptococcus Group A. The type of extraction method and the process parameters could be set to obtain suitable EOs according to its potential industrial application.
沙漠Acantholipia desicola（Rica Rica）是智利高地的一种本地灌木，用作药用植物和食用调味品。本研究的目的是比较其精油（EO）的物理、抗氧化和抗菌特性，基于加氢蒸馏（HD）和微波辅助加氢蒸馏的工艺参数和提取方法，并评估脂肪酸的存在。评价了工艺性能以及颜色参数、折射率、脂肪酸分布、抗氧化活性和抗菌活性。HD的最佳工艺条件为90分钟、420 W和150 g 1000 mL–1；对于MAHD，它们分别为90分钟、700 W和200 g 1000 mL–1，产率分别为0.45和0.49 mL 100 g-1，抗氧化能力分别为2.38和3.92μmol Trolox g-1。采集季节、提取方法及其参数影响产量和脂肪酸组成，影响EOs的活性。就草药的质量、加工时间以及能源效率和环境影响而言，MAHD的提取效率高出8%。两种方法提取的EOs对链球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌均表现出轻微的抑制作用，MAHD EO对链球菌a组表现出高度的抑制作用。根据其潜在的工业应用，可以设定提取方法的类型和工艺参数以获得合适的EOs。
{"title":"Assessing properties of acantholippia deserticola (Phil.) moldenke essential oil: Comparison between hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction methods","authors":"J. Palma, A. Mercado, A. Paredes, C. Lizama, G. Pohl, M. J. Larrazabal","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i4.792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i4.792","url":null,"abstract":"Acantholippia deserticola (Rica-Rica) is a native shrub of the Chilean highlands used as a medicinal plant and food dressing. The objective of this study was to compare the physical, antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of its essential oil (EO), based on the process parameters and extraction methods using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and assessing presence of fatty acids. The process performance as well as the colour parameters, refractive index, fatty acid profile, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity were evaluated. The best process conditions for HD were 90 min, 420 W and 150 g 1000 mL–1; for MAHD, these were 90 min, 700 W and 200 g 1000 mL–1, with yields of 0.45 and 0.49 mL 100 g-1 and antioxidant capacities of 2.38 and 3.92 μmol Trolox g-1 respectively. The collection season, extraction method and its parameters affected the yield and fatty acid profile, influencing EOs’ activity. In terms of mass of herbs, process time as well as energy efficiency and environmental impact, the extraction of MAHD was 8% more efficient. EOs extracted by both methods show a slight inhibitory effect on Streptococcus sp. and Bacillus cereus, and MAHD EO showed a highly inhibitory effect on Streptococcus Group A. The type of extraction method and the process parameters could be set to obtain suitable EOs according to its potential industrial application.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"12 1","pages":"36-49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44045157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.15586/qas.v12isp1.766
M. A. Nematollahi, Z. Alinasab, S. Nassiri, A. Khaneghah
A new aspect covering interactions between cells and their surroundings via electromagnetic waves was introduced by applying ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). The UPE originates from the relaxation of electronically excited species resulting from oxidative metabolic processes and oxidative stress associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS plays a critical role in the quality of foods, and their determination is of extreme importance. The ROS and the intensity of the UPE have significantly correlated. The UPE can be effectively monitored by specific instruments such as photomultiplier tube and charged-coupled devices. The current review is devoted to providing an overview of the quality of food products by the aid of UPE via evaluating the correlations between UPE and food quality indices. In this regard, the UPE can be utilized in food quality as a real-time, noninvasive, and nondestructive technique without complex instruments. However, the implementation of the UPE method for evaluation of food quality needs further investigations.
{"title":"Ultra-weak photon emission: a nondestructive detection tool for food quality and safety assessment","authors":"M. A. Nematollahi, Z. Alinasab, S. Nassiri, A. Khaneghah","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12isp1.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12isp1.766","url":null,"abstract":"A new aspect covering interactions between cells and their surroundings via electromagnetic waves was introduced by applying ultra-weak photon emission (UPE). The UPE originates from the relaxation of electronically excited species resulting from oxidative metabolic processes and oxidative stress associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS plays a critical role in the quality of foods, and their determination is of extreme importance. The ROS and the intensity of the UPE have significantly correlated. The UPE can be effectively monitored by specific instruments such as photomultiplier tube and charged-coupled devices. The current review is devoted to providing an overview of the quality of food products by the aid of UPE via evaluating the correlations between UPE and food quality indices. In this regard, the UPE can be utilized in food quality as a real-time, noninvasive, and nondestructive technique without complex instruments. However, the implementation of the UPE method for evaluation of food quality needs further investigations.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"12 1","pages":"18-31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45049719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to determine the best shelf life of the atemoya, the changes in the biochemical characteristics in five different stages of senescence were investigated. During postharvest ripening at room temperature, the firmness decreased rapidly after harvest and the fruit weight loss and browning degree increased from the earliest green-colored stage onward. The total soluble solid concentrations (TSSC) and titratable acidity (TA) increased continuously throughout maturation, and the peak respiratory and ethylene production rates occurred on the 3d and 5th day of postharvest, respectively. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity steadily increased, catalase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities decreased significantly on the 1st day and then gradually increased, and peroxidase activities increased during the initial 3 days, and then decreased at later stages. The volatile fingerprints of flesh samples from the five senescence stages were successfully established using gas chromatographyion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with principal component analysis, and 32 typical target compounds and 35 indeterminate compounds were obtained. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of innovative preservation methods for atemoya.
{"title":"Changes in the biochemical characteristics and volatile fingerprints of atemoya during postharvest ripening at room temperature","authors":"X. Gong, Xianshao Wu, N. Qi, Jihua Li, Yujia Huo","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12i4.786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i4.786","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the best shelf life of the atemoya, the changes in the biochemical characteristics in five different stages of senescence were investigated. During postharvest ripening at room temperature, the firmness decreased rapidly after harvest and the fruit weight loss and browning degree increased from the earliest green-colored stage onward. The total soluble solid concentrations (TSSC) and titratable acidity (TA) increased continuously throughout maturation, and the peak respiratory and ethylene production rates occurred on the 3d and 5th day of postharvest, respectively. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity steadily increased, catalase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities decreased significantly on the 1st day and then gradually increased, and peroxidase activities increased during the initial 3 days, and then decreased at later stages. The volatile fingerprints of flesh samples from the five senescence stages were successfully established using gas chromatographyion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with principal component analysis, and 32 typical target compounds and 35 indeterminate compounds were obtained. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of innovative preservation methods for atemoya.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"12 1","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45586937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many studies introduced cold plasma as a novel and effective processing technology for microbial decontamination of food and water as well as for the removal of environmental pollution such as pesticide. However, as there are several types of plasma designs, their efficacy in degrading major pesticide residues, such as chlorpyrifos (as a hazardous chemical), should be explored. This study was conducted to assess the decontamination efficacy of 8 min of arc and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on chlorpyrifos pesticide-water samples at a concentration of 2 mg·L-1. The plasma-treated samples were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and compared with the control (untreated) sample. In addition, the effects of plasma processes on some physical properties of samples were studied. According to the results, plasma-treated samples showed similar physical characteristics (e.g., refractive index and color values) to those of the untreated samples. While the temperature of the samples remained steady during the DBD plasma treatment, arc plasma changed the temperature of the sample at a rate of about 3.75°C·min–1 and yielded a sample with a final temperature of 60°C. However, contrary to the general belief that plasma is an efficient technique for pesticide degradation, chemical analyses showed high resistance of chlorpyrifos against both arc and DBD plasma under the conditions used in the present study. Therefore, the possibility of high resistance of pesticide pollution to this emerging technology should be considered. Also, further studies on the efficiency of the selected plasma system for removing pesticide pollution (e.g., during water and wastewater treatment) at industrial scale is needed.
{"title":"Emerging techniques in food science: the resistance of chlorpyrifos pesticide pollution against arc and dielectric barrier discharge plasma","authors":"Mohsen Gavahian, Tsai Meng‐Jen, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah","doi":"10.15586/qas.v12isp1.807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12isp1.807","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies introduced cold plasma as a novel and effective processing technology for microbial decontamination of food and water as well as for the removal of environmental pollution such as pesticide. However, as there are several types of plasma designs, their efficacy in degrading major pesticide residues, such as chlorpyrifos (as a hazardous chemical), should be explored. This study was conducted to assess the decontamination efficacy of 8 min of arc and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on chlorpyrifos pesticide-water samples at a concentration of 2 mg·L-1. The plasma-treated samples were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and compared with the control (untreated) sample. In addition, the effects of plasma processes on some physical properties of samples were studied. According to the results, plasma-treated samples showed similar physical characteristics (e.g., refractive index and color values) to those of the untreated samples. While the temperature of the samples remained steady during the DBD plasma treatment, arc plasma changed the temperature of the sample at a rate of about 3.75°C·min–1 and yielded a sample with a final temperature of 60°C. However, contrary to the general belief that plasma is an efficient technique for pesticide degradation, chemical analyses showed high resistance of chlorpyrifos against both arc and DBD plasma under the conditions used in the present study. Therefore, the possibility of high resistance of pesticide pollution to this emerging technology should be considered. Also, further studies on the efficiency of the selected plasma system for removing pesticide pollution (e.g., during water and wastewater treatment) at industrial scale is needed.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":"12 1","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45177256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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