The heat treatment process usually affects the quality and safety of milk and could produce different compounds, including furosine and furfurals. To help evaluate the effect of different heating temperatures on furfurals, a method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction technology was used to detect four furfural compounds, including furfural, 2-acetylfuran, 5-methyl-2-furfural, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural. A sample extraction was performed with acetonitrile, and the use of both octadecylsilyl (C18) and primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbents can pro-vide satisfactory recoveries. The determination of furosine was performed by using a high performance of liquid chromatography method (HPLC), and the milk samples were hydrolyzed with HCl for 18 h at 110°C. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was obtained with linear correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.99, and the recovery values from the spiked samples were 88.1–109.5%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.005 mg/kg–0.015 mg/kg. The established GC-MS and HPLC methods were successfully applied to market milk samples and heat-treatment samples. The highest detection values for 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and furosine were 0.051 mg/kg and 593.2 mg/100 g protein, respectively, in charcoal-flavored fermented milk. It showed a high cor-relation between the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural with the treatment temperature and time, and the maximum content was 0.886 mg/kg after heating for 180 min at 100°C. However, there was no noticeable linear increase of furosine concentrations when certain temperatures and heating times were reached; the maximum value was 55.0 mg/L after heating for 60 min at 100°C, and 55.4 mg/L after heating for 150 min at 80°C.
{"title":"Research of the determination method of furfurals and furosine in milk and the application in the quality evaluation of milk","authors":"Xiaomei Shi, Qiong Wu, Dandan Ren, Shuya Wang, Y. Zhao, Yunfengl Xie","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.929","url":null,"abstract":"The heat treatment process usually affects the quality and safety of milk and could produce different compounds, including furosine and furfurals. To help evaluate the effect of different heating temperatures on furfurals, a method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction technology was used to detect four furfural compounds, including furfural, 2-acetylfuran, 5-methyl-2-furfural, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural. A sample extraction was performed with acetonitrile, and the use of both octadecylsilyl (C18) and primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbents can pro-vide satisfactory recoveries. The determination of furosine was performed by using a high performance of liquid chromatography method (HPLC), and the milk samples were hydrolyzed with HCl for 18 h at 110°C. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was obtained with linear correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.99, and the recovery values from the spiked samples were 88.1–109.5%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.005 mg/kg–0.015 mg/kg. The established GC-MS and HPLC methods were successfully applied to market milk samples and heat-treatment samples. The highest detection values for 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and furosine were 0.051 mg/kg and 593.2 mg/100 g protein, respectively, in charcoal-flavored fermented milk. It showed a high cor-relation between the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural with the treatment temperature and time, and the maximum content was 0.886 mg/kg after heating for 180 min at 100°C. However, there was no noticeable linear increase of furosine concentrations when certain temperatures and heating times were reached; the maximum value was 55.0 mg/L after heating for 60 min at 100°C, and 55.4 mg/L after heating for 150 min at 80°C.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43346391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside derived from traditional Chinese herb, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, exerts antitumor effect against distinct cancers. The role of geniposide in the migration and angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell was investigated in this study. Cancer cells were incubated with various concentrations of geniposide, and proliferative ability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. Wound healing and transwell were used to assess cell migration and invasion, respectively. Tube formation assay was performed to investigate angiogenesis. Geniposide reduced NSCLC cell proliferation, and suppressed NSCLC cell migration and invasion in a dosage-dependent manner. Angiogenesis of NSCLC was also inhibited by geniposide. Geniposide increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) protein expression in NSCLC cells. Incubation with a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, attenuated geniposide-induced up-regulation of PPARγ and down-regulation of VEGF-A. Over-expression of VEGF-A weakened geniposide-suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of NSCLC. Geniposide exerted antitumor and anti-angiogenic actions on NSCLC through regulation of PPARγ/VEGF-A pathway.
{"title":"Geniposide inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell migration and angiogenesis by regulating PPARγ/VEGF-A pathway","authors":"Ming Jiang, S. Zheng","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside derived from traditional Chinese herb, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, exerts antitumor effect against distinct cancers. The role of geniposide in the migration and angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell was investigated in this study. Cancer cells were incubated with various concentrations of geniposide, and proliferative ability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. Wound healing and transwell were used to assess cell migration and invasion, respectively. Tube formation assay was performed to investigate angiogenesis. Geniposide reduced NSCLC cell proliferation, and suppressed NSCLC cell migration and invasion in a dosage-dependent manner. Angiogenesis of NSCLC was also inhibited by geniposide. Geniposide increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) protein expression in NSCLC cells. Incubation with a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, attenuated geniposide-induced up-regulation of PPARγ and down-regulation of VEGF-A. Over-expression of VEGF-A weakened geniposide-suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of NSCLC. Geniposide exerted antitumor and anti-angiogenic actions on NSCLC through regulation of PPARγ/VEGF-A pathway.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43526635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes aberrant inflammation and induces cell death, and inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Vanillic acid exerts pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. However, the role of vanillic acid in pneumonia has not been elucidated yet. Human lung fibroblasts (WI-38 and MRC-5) were incubated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides to mimic the cell model of pneumonia. Lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts were then incubated with different concentrations of vanillic acid. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay were used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. Western blot assay was used to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress and downstream pathway. Lipopolysaccharides induced decrease of cell viability in WI-38 and MRC-5 whereas vanillic acid increased cell viability of lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts. Lipopolysaccharides-induced increase of cell apoptosis in lung fibroblasts was suppressed by vanillic acid through up-regulation of BCL2, and down-regulation of BCL2 associated X (BAX) and cleaved caspase-3. Vanillic acid reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts. Protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), ATF-4, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in lung fibroblasts were up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides while reduced by vanillic acid. Vanillic acid attenuated lipopolysaccharides-induced decrease of IκBα and increase of p-IκBα, p-p65, p-ERK, and p-JNK in fibroblasts. Vanillic acid exerted anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharides-induced human lung fibroblasts by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B pathways.
持续的内质网应激促进异常炎症并诱导细胞死亡，炎症与肺炎的发病机制有关。香草酸具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化等药理作用。然而，香草酸在肺炎中的作用尚未阐明。用不同浓度的脂多糖培养人肺成纤维细胞(WI-38和MRC-5)，模拟肺炎细胞模型。脂多糖处理后的肺成纤维细胞与不同浓度的香草酸孵育。分别用MTT法和流式细胞术检测细胞活力和凋亡。采用实时定量聚合酶链反应和酶联免疫吸附血清学检测炎症因子水平。Western blot法检测内质网应激及下游通路。脂多糖可降低WI-38和MRC-5细胞活力，而香草酸可提高脂多糖处理的肺成纤维细胞活力。香草酸通过上调BCL2，下调BCL2相关X (BAX)和cleaved caspase-3抑制脂多糖诱导的肺成纤维细胞凋亡的增加。香草酸可降低脂多糖处理的肺成纤维细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)和IL-1β的水平。糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78)、X-box结合蛋白1 (XBP-1)、活化转录因子6 (ATF-6)、ATF-4和C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)在肺成纤维细胞中的表达在脂多糖的作用下上调，在香草酸的作用下降低。香草酸能减弱脂多糖诱导的成纤维细胞中i - κ b α的减少和p- i - κ b α、p-p65、p-ERK和p-JNK的增加。香草酸通过抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和核因子κ B途径对脂多糖诱导的人肺成纤维细胞发挥抗炎作用。
{"title":"Vanillic acid alleviates lipopolysaccharides-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in human lung fibroblasts by `inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathways","authors":"Jihua Zhao, Yao Yang","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes aberrant inflammation and induces cell death, and inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Vanillic acid exerts pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. However, the role of vanillic acid in pneumonia has not been elucidated yet. Human lung fibroblasts (WI-38 and MRC-5) were incubated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides to mimic the cell model of pneumonia. Lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts were then incubated with different concentrations of vanillic acid. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay were used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. Western blot assay was used to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress and downstream pathway. Lipopolysaccharides induced decrease of cell viability in WI-38 and MRC-5 whereas vanillic acid increased cell viability of lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts. Lipopolysaccharides-induced increase of cell apoptosis in lung fibroblasts was suppressed by vanillic acid through up-regulation of BCL2, and down-regulation of BCL2 associated X (BAX) and cleaved caspase-3. Vanillic acid reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts. Protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), ATF-4, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in lung fibroblasts were up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides while reduced by vanillic acid. Vanillic acid attenuated lipopolysaccharides-induced decrease of IκBα and increase of p-IκBα, p-p65, p-ERK, and p-JNK in fibroblasts. Vanillic acid exerted anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharides-induced human lung fibroblasts by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B pathways.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatoma is a malignant tumor with high rates of heterogeneity, metastasis, and mortality. Currently, there is no effective treatment available for hepatoma. In order to treat advanced hepatoma in a better manner, new and more effective therapeutic targets still need to be developed. Magnoflorine (MGN) is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid with a variety of therapeutic properties. MGN inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells, induced apoptosis, and blocked cell cycle. However, its possible effects on the progression of hepatoma are still indefinite. In this study, the effects of MGN on the progression of hepatoma in vitro and the underlying mechanisms were determined. MGN suppressed the proliferation, induced the autophagy, and stimulated the apoptosis of human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. Mechanically, MGN could regulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which therefore affects the progression of hepatoma in vitro. Taken together, MGN affected Huh-7 cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis, and might act as a promising therapeutic drug for treating hepatoma.
{"title":"Magnoflorine promotes Huh-7 cell apoptosis and autophagy by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway","authors":"Jifan Xu, Bo Du, Yunfeng Liu, Chonglin Tao","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.1013","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatoma is a malignant tumor with high rates of heterogeneity, metastasis, and mortality. Currently, there is no effective treatment available for hepatoma. In order to treat advanced hepatoma in a better manner, new and more effective therapeutic targets still need to be developed. Magnoflorine (MGN) is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid with a variety of therapeutic properties. MGN inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells, induced apoptosis, and blocked cell cycle. However, its possible effects on the progression of hepatoma are still indefinite. In this study, the effects of MGN on the progression of hepatoma in vitro and the underlying mechanisms were determined. MGN suppressed the proliferation, induced the autophagy, and stimulated the apoptosis of human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. Mechanically, MGN could regulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which therefore affects the progression of hepatoma in vitro. Taken together, MGN affected Huh-7 cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis, and might act as a promising therapeutic drug for treating hepatoma.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fengfeng Xie, Haiou Wang, Qianqian Cao, Qiuyue Chen, F. Lin
To reveal the effects of Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) on relieving the progression and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and explore the underlying mechanism. A rat model of GDM was established by streptozotocin injection. The effects of OD on GDM rats were evaluated by measuring the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and exposing to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and histological evaluation of the pancreas. The levels of insulin and inflammation response-related factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, Interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-1β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, immunoblot assay was performed to investigate the effects of OD on the nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) pathway and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. OD decreased blood glucose level, pancreatic tissue damage, and insulin secretion in GDM rats. OD also reduced serum inflammatory levels (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in GDM rats. Mechanically, OD could inhibit NF-κB pathway and activate AMPK pathway in the pancreatic tissue of GDM rats. OD affected glucose metabolism and inflammation level in rats with streptozotocin-induced GDM, and the underlying mechanism was through AMPK pathway. OD might serve as a promising and potential drug for the treatment of GDM.
{"title":"The effects of Oldenlandia diffusa water extract on glucose metabolism and inflammation level in rats with streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes mellitus","authors":"Fengfeng Xie, Haiou Wang, Qianqian Cao, Qiuyue Chen, F. Lin","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.970","url":null,"abstract":"To reveal the effects of Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) on relieving the progression and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and explore the underlying mechanism. A rat model of GDM was established by streptozotocin injection. The effects of OD on GDM rats were evaluated by measuring the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and exposing to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and histological evaluation of the pancreas. The levels of insulin and inflammation response-related factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, Interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-1β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, immunoblot assay was performed to investigate the effects of OD on the nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) pathway and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. OD decreased blood glucose level, pancreatic tissue damage, and insulin secretion in GDM rats. OD also reduced serum inflammatory levels (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in GDM rats. Mechanically, OD could inhibit NF-κB pathway and activate AMPK pathway in the pancreatic tissue of GDM rats. OD affected glucose metabolism and inflammation level in rats with streptozotocin-induced GDM, and the underlying mechanism was through AMPK pathway. OD might serve as a promising and potential drug for the treatment of GDM.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47666013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-ying He, Hai-long Liu, Chong Lv, Feng Wang, Chaoyi Zhao, R. Tao, Jianpeng Li, Zhuosheng Liu, L. Du
Rice is a staple food for over half of the world’s population, and fungal spoilage in stored rice may occur when the moisture content and temperature are conducive. Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. are the most harmful toxigenic species that produce harmful mycotoxins. Molds pose a potential threat to public health and cause a huge economic loss. Therefore, it is of great importance to find out how molds multiply in rice. This study focused on the isolation and identification of fungi presented in rice and their evolution in rice with different moisture contents stored for varying periods of time and under different temperatures. Mold community was detected every month using the culture-dependent and -independent method of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Significant differences were detected by the traditional culture method under different storage conditions. For potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, high temperature and moisture were suitable for the dominant strains including Penicillium aurantiogriseum and Penicillium oxalicum. In particular, P. oxalicum competitively inhibited the other fungi. For Rose Bengal medium, no difference was observed under different storage conditions, and only typical strains such as Aspergillus candidus and Alternaria were detected. PCR-DGGE identified some uncultured strains such as Trichoderma sp. and Cladosporium sp., the dominant strains and the flora diversity such as Aspergillus restrictus and Eurotium athecium. These results indicated that storage conditions greatly shape fungal growth. This study provides a foundation for the evolution of fungal flora in rice during storage in China and may help in developing biological control methods to prevent mold contamination in rice.
{"title":"Analysis of rice microbial communities under different storage conditions using culture-dependent and -independent techniques","authors":"Xiao-ying He, Hai-long Liu, Chong Lv, Feng Wang, Chaoyi Zhao, R. Tao, Jianpeng Li, Zhuosheng Liu, L. Du","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.993","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a staple food for over half of the world’s population, and fungal spoilage in stored rice may occur when the moisture content and temperature are conducive. Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. are the most harmful toxigenic species that produce harmful mycotoxins. Molds pose a potential threat to public health and cause a huge economic loss. Therefore, it is of great importance to find out how molds multiply in rice. This study focused on the isolation and identification of fungi presented in rice and their evolution in rice with different moisture contents stored for varying periods of time and under different temperatures. Mold community was detected every month using the culture-dependent and -independent method of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Significant differences were detected by the traditional culture method under different storage conditions. For potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, high temperature and moisture were suitable for the dominant strains including Penicillium aurantiogriseum and Penicillium oxalicum. In particular, P. oxalicum competitively inhibited the other fungi. For Rose Bengal medium, no difference was observed under different storage conditions, and only typical strains such as Aspergillus candidus and Alternaria were detected. PCR-DGGE identified some uncultured strains such as Trichoderma sp. and Cladosporium sp., the dominant strains and the flora diversity such as Aspergillus restrictus and Eurotium athecium. These results indicated that storage conditions greatly shape fungal growth. This study provides a foundation for the evolution of fungal flora in rice during storage in China and may help in developing biological control methods to prevent mold contamination in rice.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46134646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haiyan Li, Jiang Guo, Dong Zhang, Jihong Huang, Xuejia Li
Osteoporosis is one of the common degenerative skeletal diseases whose essential mechanism is the imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Currently, the close coordination of signaling pathways at genetic level during bone development is a hot topic of osteoporosis research. The present study is focused on whether pterostilbene protects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced osteoblastic cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and reveals the related underlying mechanisms. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of H2O2 (0–1 mM) along with or without pterostilbene, and MTT assay or Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining was applied for measuring cell viability and apoptosis. The in vitro cellular antioxidant analysis was performed using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay against glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde. In addition, cellular alkaline phosphatase activity was executed by Alizarin Red S staining. Western blot assay was conducted to determine the expression levels of osteogenic-related markers, including type I collagen, osteopontin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways related proteins. The key finding was that pterostilbene could attenuate the H2O2-induced cellular apoptosis and oxidative stress. Pterostilbene also promoted osteogenic differentiation in H2O2-treated MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, pterostilbene blocked the H2O2-induced MC3T3-E1 cells dysfunction, indicating its potential to be a promising medication for treating osteoporosis.
{"title":"Pterostilbene promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells inhibited by H2O2 by activating the AMPK signaling pathways","authors":"Haiyan Li, Jiang Guo, Dong Zhang, Jihong Huang, Xuejia Li","doi":"10.15586/qas.v14i1.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v14i1.1010","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis is one of the common degenerative skeletal diseases whose essential mechanism is the imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Currently, the close coordination of signaling pathways at genetic level during bone development is a hot topic of osteoporosis research. The present study is focused on whether pterostilbene protects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced osteoblastic cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and reveals the related underlying mechanisms. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of H2O2 (0–1 mM) along with or without pterostilbene, and MTT assay or Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining was applied for measuring cell viability and apoptosis. The in vitro cellular antioxidant analysis was performed using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay against glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde. In addition, cellular alkaline phosphatase activity was executed by Alizarin Red S staining. Western blot assay was conducted to determine the expression levels of osteogenic-related markers, including type I collagen, osteopontin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways related proteins. The key finding was that pterostilbene could attenuate the H2O2-induced cellular apoptosis and oxidative stress. Pterostilbene also promoted osteogenic differentiation in H2O2-treated MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, pterostilbene blocked the H2O2-induced MC3T3-E1 cells dysfunction, indicating its potential to be a promising medication for treating osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49551962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metconazole (MEZ) is widely used in prevention and control of fruit and vegetable diseases. Here, a simple and reliable gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method, using modified QuEChERS (“quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe”) extraction method, was developed for determining the dissipation and residue of MEZ in grapes and soil, and the dietary risk of MEZ residues in grapes was evaluated for Chinese people. The average recoveries of MEZ in two matrices were 80.72–100.36% with relative standard deviations of 1.56–6.16%. The same limits of detection and quantification in grapes and soil were 0.0006 mg/kg and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively. Under field conditions, the half-life of MEZ dissipation in grapes ranged from 11.75 to 20.39 days. The final residues of MEZ in grapes and soil ranged from 0.002 mg/kg to 0.19 mg/kg at pre-harvest intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days. The whole dietary risk assessment indicated acute hazard index and hazard quotient to be less than 1, implying the risk of MEZ was acceptable. This is the first study conducted on the dissipation, residue analysis and risk assessment of MEZ in grapes, thus providing reference for the detection and risk assessment of MEZ in other agricultural products.
{"title":"Dissipation, residues analysis and risk assessment of metconazole in grapes under field conditions using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Wang Guo, Yuling Chen, Hui Jiao, D. Hu, Ping Lu","doi":"10.15586/qas.v13i4.982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v13i4.982","url":null,"abstract":"Metconazole (MEZ) is widely used in prevention and control of fruit and vegetable diseases. Here, a simple and reliable gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method, using modified QuEChERS (“quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe”) extraction method, was developed for determining the dissipation and residue of MEZ in grapes and soil, and the dietary risk of MEZ residues in grapes was evaluated for Chinese people. The average recoveries of MEZ in two matrices were 80.72–100.36% with relative standard deviations of 1.56–6.16%. The same limits of detection and quantification in grapes and soil were 0.0006 mg/kg and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively. Under field conditions, the half-life of MEZ dissipation in grapes ranged from 11.75 to 20.39 days. The final residues of MEZ in grapes and soil ranged from 0.002 mg/kg to 0.19 mg/kg at pre-harvest intervals of 7, 14 and 21 days. The whole dietary risk assessment indicated acute hazard index and hazard quotient to be less than 1, implying the risk of MEZ was acceptable. This is the first study conducted on the dissipation, residue analysis and risk assessment of MEZ in grapes, thus providing reference for the detection and risk assessment of MEZ in other agricultural products.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharareh Mohajeri, F. Harsej, Mahboubeh Sadeghpour, Jahanfar Khaleghi Nia
The present research offeres a model to the advantage of operations for the food reverse supply chain by perfor-mancing Industry 4.0 Revolutions model of expanding a fuzzy multi-phase model for the food waste gathering reverse supply chain. This study introduces, a household waste recycling machine, which symbolizes the Industry 4.0 Revolutions. Also, electric-type vehicles have been considered for collection and delivery in accordance with the Industry 4.0 Revolutions. The rate of technology has been described in recycling stations. Several methods with different technologies to recycle food waste have been selected and assessed based on the Industry 4.0 Revolutions indicators. The food wastes are sent to recycling stations, that is places maintained, operated or used to store, buy or sell wastes before they recycled with appropriate technology. The understudy model is multi-objective, maximizing the benefit of recycling and customer response and minimizing the adverse effects of environmental pollution and transportation costs. In this research, the whale optimization algorithm is applied. The present work proposes an end-to-end solution for Reverse Supply Chain Management for food waste based on the Industry 4.0 Revolutions.
{"title":"Integrated reverse supply chain model for food waste based on industry 4.0 revolutions","authors":"Sharareh Mohajeri, F. Harsej, Mahboubeh Sadeghpour, Jahanfar Khaleghi Nia","doi":"10.15586/qas.v13i4.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v13i4.1002","url":null,"abstract":"The present research offeres a model to the advantage of operations for the food reverse supply chain by perfor-mancing Industry 4.0 Revolutions model of expanding a fuzzy multi-phase model for the food waste gathering reverse supply chain. This study introduces, a household waste recycling machine, which symbolizes the Industry 4.0 Revolutions. Also, electric-type vehicles have been considered for collection and delivery in accordance with the Industry 4.0 Revolutions. The rate of technology has been described in recycling stations. Several methods with different technologies to recycle food waste have been selected and assessed based on the Industry 4.0 Revolutions indicators. The food wastes are sent to recycling stations, that is places maintained, operated or used to store, buy or sell wastes before they recycled with appropriate technology. The understudy model is multi-objective, maximizing the benefit of recycling and customer response and minimizing the adverse effects of environmental pollution and transportation costs. In this research, the whale optimization algorithm is applied. The present work proposes an end-to-end solution for Reverse Supply Chain Management for food waste based on the Industry 4.0 Revolutions.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41351768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gastrodin is one of the main active components of Gastrodia elata and has significant therapeutic value for various nervous system diseases. Its medicinal properties include smooth muscle relaxation, anti-necrosis, anti-aging, and anti-apoptosis effects. However, its possible effects on traumatic brain injury (TBI) are still unclear. In this study, the effects of gastroditin on TBI rats were investigated. The results proved that gastrodin had neuroprotective effect on TBI through alleviating brain deficits, decreasing brain water content, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, and suppressing oxidative stress in brain tissues of TBI rats. Mechanically, gastrodin upregulated the expression of Nrf2 downstream proteins, suggesting the activation of Nrf2 pathway in brain tissues of TBI rats. In conclusion, gastrodin provided neuroprotection in TBI rats via Nrf2 pathway.
{"title":"Gastrodin provides neuroprotection in models of traumatic brain injury via Nrf2 signaling pathway","authors":"Dan Wang, Xiaoqing Dong","doi":"10.15586/qas.v13i4.965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/qas.v13i4.965","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrodin is one of the main active components of Gastrodia elata and has significant therapeutic value for various nervous system diseases. Its medicinal properties include smooth muscle relaxation, anti-necrosis, anti-aging, and anti-apoptosis effects. However, its possible effects on traumatic brain injury (TBI) are still unclear. In this study, the effects of gastroditin on TBI rats were investigated. The results proved that gastrodin had neuroprotective effect on TBI through alleviating brain deficits, decreasing brain water content, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, and suppressing oxidative stress in brain tissues of TBI rats. Mechanically, gastrodin upregulated the expression of Nrf2 downstream proteins, suggesting the activation of Nrf2 pathway in brain tissues of TBI rats. In conclusion, gastrodin provided neuroprotection in TBI rats via Nrf2 pathway.","PeriodicalId":20868,"journal":{"name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46356332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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