Jalal Javadi Moghaddam, G. Zarei, D. Momeni, H. Faridi
In this study, a non-linear control system was designed and proposed to control the greenhouse climate conditions. This control system directly uses the information of sensors, installed inside and outside the greenhouse. To design this proposed control system, the principles of a non-linear control system and the concepts of equilibrium points and zero dynamics of system theories were used. To show the capability and applicability of the proposed control system, it was compared with an integral sliding mode controller. A greenhouse with similar climatic conditions was used to simulate the performance of the integral sliding mode controller. In this study, it was seen that the integral sliding mode control system was more accurate; however, the actuator signals sent by this control system were not smooth. It could damage and depreciate the greenhouse equipment more quickly than the proposed non-linear control system. It was also shown that the regulation of the temperature and humidity was performed very smoothly by changing the reference signals according to the weather conditions outside the greenhouse. The ability of these two control systems was graphically demonstrated for temperature and humidity responses as well as for the signals sent to the actuators.
{"title":"Non-linear control model for use in greenhouse climate control systems","authors":"Jalal Javadi Moghaddam, G. Zarei, D. Momeni, H. Faridi","doi":"10.17221/37/2021-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/37/2021-rae","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a non-linear control system was designed and proposed to control the greenhouse climate conditions. This control system directly uses the information of sensors, installed inside and outside the greenhouse. To design this proposed control system, the principles of a non-linear control system and the concepts of equilibrium points and zero dynamics of system theories were used. To show the capability and applicability of the proposed control system, it was compared with an integral sliding mode controller. A greenhouse with similar climatic conditions was used to simulate the performance of the integral sliding mode controller. In this study, it was seen that the integral sliding mode control system was more accurate; however, the actuator signals sent by this control system were not smooth. It could damage and depreciate the greenhouse equipment more quickly than the proposed non-linear control system. It was also shown that the regulation of the temperature and humidity was performed very smoothly by changing the reference signals according to the weather conditions outside the greenhouse. The ability of these two control systems was graphically demonstrated for temperature and humidity responses as well as for the signals sent to the actuators.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42229067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Osadchuk, D. P. Domuschi, Y. Enakiev, B. Elenov
A mathematical model has been developed that describes the process of purification of vegetable oils using physical methods. The obtained mathematical model determines the mode of operation of the main parameters of the machine for the purification of vegetable oils, depending on the dispersed composition of the impurities and the type of vegetable oils. Based on the developed mathematical model, the recommended rotor speed and the time to remove the impurities in a centrifuge for the maximum removal of the suspended particles from different types of vegetable oils can be calculated. The response surfaces show the combined effect of the particle density and the rotational speed of the centrifuge's rotor on the impurity removal rate and the impurity removal time in sunflower and rapeseed oil. The obtained theoretical data can be used, in practice, in setting the basic parameters of the machine and selecting the centrifuge's different modes of operation with a periodic action in the purification of various vegetable oils.
{"title":"Theoretical justification of the operating modes of periodic activity of vegetable oil purification","authors":"P. Osadchuk, D. P. Domuschi, Y. Enakiev, B. Elenov","doi":"10.17221/107/2020-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/107/2020-rae","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model has been developed that describes the process of purification of vegetable oils using physical methods. The obtained mathematical model determines the mode of operation of the main parameters of the machine for the purification of vegetable oils, depending on the dispersed composition of the impurities and the type of vegetable oils. Based on the developed mathematical model, the recommended rotor speed and the time to remove the impurities in a centrifuge for the maximum removal of the suspended particles from different types of vegetable oils can be calculated. The response surfaces show the combined effect of the particle density and the rotational speed of the centrifuge's rotor on the impurity removal rate and the impurity removal time in sunflower and rapeseed oil. The obtained theoretical data can be used, in practice, in setting the basic parameters of the machine and selecting the centrifuge's different modes of operation with a periodic action in the purification of various vegetable oils.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48329240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olawale Charles Ogunnigbo, D. Adetan, T. Morakinyo
A mathematical model for predicting the peeling efficiency of a cassava peeler was developed using a dimensional analysis based on Buckingham' s pi theorem. The model was validated using data from experimental studies which revealed a maximum coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.8366 between the measured and predicted values. The developed model proved appropriate in estimating the peel removal efficiency for a cassava peeler by up to 83.66%. There was no significance difference between the experimental and predicted values at a 0.05 significance level.
{"title":"A study on the mathematical model for predicting the peel removal efficiency of a cassava peeler","authors":"Olawale Charles Ogunnigbo, D. Adetan, T. Morakinyo","doi":"10.17221/32/2021-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/32/2021-rae","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model for predicting the peeling efficiency of a cassava peeler was developed using a dimensional analysis based on Buckingham' s pi theorem. The model was validated using data from experimental studies which revealed a maximum coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.8366 between the measured and predicted values. The developed model proved appropriate in estimating the peel removal efficiency for a cassava peeler by up to 83.66%. There was no significance difference between the experimental and predicted values at a 0.05 significance level.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44217391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Adekanye, O. Dada, Kolapo Jegede, Makun Aderinto
Adopting the concept of the waste to wealth approach, agricultural waste from maize cob could be transformed into a renewable form of energy through thermo-chemical methods of treating the biomass. This method can be utilised for biochar production. The utilisation of biochar has several significant applications. These applications include the enhancement of the soil through amendment, stimulation of crop production by a variety nutrient inputs in the soil, etc. In this research work, a biochar was obtained through a slow pyrolysis process of maize cob waste. This experiment was carried out using a small-scale muffle furnace and subjecting the feedstock to heating at different temperatures (300, 400, 500 °C). The biochar was produced and characterised by a proximate analysis, scan electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the surface area was determined by Saer's method. The effect of the temperature on the yield of the biochar was investigated. The results show that the biochar yield decreases with an increasing temperature for the maize cob biochar at 300, 400 and 500 °C. The results of the physiochemical properties showed that the temperature has a great impact on the physicochemical properties of the biochar. The biochar produced at 300 °C has the highest fixed carbon content of 60.5%. The largest surface area was (281.8 m2·g–1) at 500 °C.
{"title":"Pyrolysis of maize cob at different temperatures for biochar production: Proximate, ultimate and spectroscopic characterization","authors":"T. Adekanye, O. Dada, Kolapo Jegede, Makun Aderinto","doi":"10.17221/106/2020-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/106/2020-rae","url":null,"abstract":"Adopting the concept of the waste to wealth approach, agricultural waste from maize cob could be transformed into a renewable form of energy through thermo-chemical methods of treating the biomass. This method can be utilised for biochar production. The utilisation of biochar has several significant applications. These applications include the enhancement of the soil through amendment, stimulation of crop production by a variety nutrient inputs in the soil, etc. In this research work, a biochar was obtained through a slow pyrolysis process of maize cob waste. This experiment was carried out using a small-scale muffle furnace and subjecting the feedstock to heating at different temperatures (300, 400, 500 °C). The biochar was produced and characterised by a proximate analysis, scan electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the surface area was determined by Saer's method. The effect of the temperature on the yield of the biochar was investigated. The results show that the biochar yield decreases with an increasing temperature for the maize cob biochar at 300, 400 and 500 °C. The results of the physiochemical properties showed that the temperature has a great impact on the physicochemical properties of the biochar. The biochar produced at 300 °C has the highest fixed carbon content of 60.5%. The largest surface area was (281.8 m2·g–1) at 500 °C.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41453011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies have discussed the increasing number of accidents caused by agricultural machinery and tractors, specifically on higher-class roads. High-quality traffic signage with the required retroreflection can prevent these serious accidents, especially under reduced visibility conditions. The retroreflective materials are divided into three classes: RA1, RA2 and RA3 according to their optical performance. This distribution apparently turned out to be insufficient, as significantly different optical materials may be assigned to the same class. This research focused on the detailed optical resolution of retroreflecting sheeting with the aim to support enhancement of the current standards. The coefficient of retroreflection (CR) was measured under standard requirements. It was concluded that the combination of 3M 3930 sheeting (CR = 7.81) and 3M 4090 (CR = 9.03) sheeting is not recommended, as the difference between these values and the other monitored samples is significantly higher than CR = 2. Especially with the introduction of autonomous mobility, the recognition of signs will also have fundamental effects on agricultural technologies, where elements of independent mobility will be gradually introduced.
{"title":"Retroreflection of traffic signing for the safe operation of agricultural machinery","authors":"Lukáš Jan Hrabánek, M. Růžička","doi":"10.17221/49/2021-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/49/2021-rae","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have discussed the increasing number of accidents caused by agricultural machinery and tractors, specifically on higher-class roads. High-quality traffic signage with the required retroreflection can prevent these serious accidents, especially under reduced visibility conditions. The retroreflective materials are divided into three classes: RA1, RA2 and RA3 according to their optical performance. This distribution apparently turned out to be insufficient, as significantly different optical materials may be assigned to the same class. This research focused on the detailed optical resolution of retroreflecting sheeting with the aim to support enhancement of the current standards. The coefficient of retroreflection (CR) was measured under standard requirements. It was concluded that the combination of 3M 3930 sheeting (CR = 7.81) and 3M 4090 (CR = 9.03) sheeting is not recommended, as the difference between these values and the other monitored samples is significantly higher than CR = 2. Especially with the introduction of autonomous mobility, the recognition of signs will also have fundamental effects on agricultural technologies, where elements of independent mobility will be gradually introduced.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41567522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effects of organic matter activators combined with a pig slurry on a soil’s physical properties, a field experiment was carried out in a monoculture of corn (2015–2017). Three pig slurry application variants complemented with the activators in question, i.e. with PRP SOL spread directly on the soil surface (SOL), with Z’fix added to the slurry during the pig housing (ZF) and with a combination of both PRP SOL and Z’fix (ZF_SOL), were compared with just the pig slurry (C) under an equal dose of nitrogen and a uniform growing technology. According to the results, a positive effect of the penetration resistance with the pig slurry and the activators of organic matter (Z’fix and PRP SOL) was not proven. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was demonstrably better achieved with the Z’fix activator, but PRP SOL activator also provided a certain improvement. The largest change in the unit draught was observed in the ZF_SOL application (20% increase). The results seem ambiguous; however, they give a good indication of the activators’ effect in practice. Nevertheless, the findings would certainly benefit from further verification.
{"title":"Physical properties of a soil under a pig slurry application and organic matter activators","authors":"Václav Novák, P. Šařec, K. Křížová","doi":"10.17221/84/2020-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/84/2020-rae","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effects of organic matter activators combined with a pig slurry on a soil’s physical properties, a field experiment was carried out in a monoculture of corn (2015–2017). Three pig slurry application variants complemented with the activators in question, i.e. with PRP SOL spread directly on the soil surface (SOL), with Z’fix added to the slurry during the pig housing (ZF) and with a combination of both PRP SOL and Z’fix (ZF_SOL), were compared with just the pig slurry (C) under an equal dose of nitrogen and a uniform growing technology. According to the results, a positive effect of the penetration resistance with the pig slurry and the activators of organic matter (Z’fix and PRP SOL) was not proven. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was demonstrably better achieved with the Z’fix activator, but PRP SOL activator also provided a certain improvement. The largest change in the unit draught was observed in the ZF_SOL application (20% increase). The results seem ambiguous; however, they give a good indication of the activators’ effect in practice. Nevertheless, the findings would certainly benefit from further verification.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43435245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Kojo Ahorsu, H. Ofori, E. Kumah, Maxwell Budu, Cephas Kwaku Bosrotsi, Joseph Aveyiri
The objective of this research was to design, construct and evaluate a variable chipping clearance cassava chipper for processors which will produce uniform and varying cassava chip geometry for multipurpose usage. It consists of a drive shaft with varying chipping clearances (6, 18, and 28 mm) to produce varied chip geometry. The average throughput capacity of the chipper was found to be 475.5 kg·h–1 at a speed range of 460–800 rpm with a chipping clearance of 6–28 mm. The average chipping efficiency ranges from a minimum–maximum of 76.6–99.4% for the selected operational speeds and chipping clearances. The chipping capacity and the output to input ratio is dependent on the operational speeds and chipping clearances of the machine.
{"title":"Development of HTU-model variable chipping clearance cassava chipper","authors":"Samuel Kojo Ahorsu, H. Ofori, E. Kumah, Maxwell Budu, Cephas Kwaku Bosrotsi, Joseph Aveyiri","doi":"10.17221/102/2020-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/102/2020-rae","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to design, construct and evaluate a variable chipping clearance cassava chipper for processors which will produce uniform and varying cassava chip geometry for multipurpose usage. It consists of a drive shaft with varying chipping clearances (6, 18, and 28 mm) to produce varied chip geometry. The average throughput capacity of the chipper was found to be 475.5 kg·h–1 at a speed range of 460–800 rpm with a chipping clearance of 6–28 mm. The average chipping efficiency ranges from a minimum–maximum of 76.6–99.4% for the selected operational speeds and chipping clearances. The chipping capacity and the output to input ratio is dependent on the operational speeds and chipping clearances of the machine.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46725193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bund shaping is one of the essential operations in preparing a paddy transplanting field. This operation is undertaken manually by spades in a traditional way as this has not been mechanised thus far. Therefore, this study was conducted to expose this operation by evaluating the economic, as well as physiological, cost involved in the bund shaping. For the economic cost, the study was conducted in nine different districts of Assam (India). The bund length for the estimated area was measured and estimated for one ha of land. The average rate of manual bund shaping was also measured to calculate the cost involved in this operation. Moreover, for the physiological cost, ten experienced subjects were calibrated and measured for their maximum aerobic capacity by sub-maximal exercise in laboratory condition. Furthermore, the heart rate was measured during the manual bund shaping and was then correlated with the calibrated data. It was found that the average required bund shaping length per ha was 3 669 m which was associated with a cost of 2 062.8 rupees. It was found that the bund shaping consumed 76.96% of the maximum volume of the oxygen consumption capacity of the subjects; however, the energy expenditure rate with respect to time and bund length were 7.37 kcal·min–1 and 4.33 kcal·m–1, respectively. Hence, bund shaping in a paddy field comes under a severe workload category which emphasises the need of mechanisation for the bund shaping operation.
{"title":"Cost analysis of manual bund shaping in paddy fields: Economical and physiological","authors":"R. Ranjan, P. K. Pranav","doi":"10.17221/23/2021-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/23/2021-rae","url":null,"abstract":"Bund shaping is one of the essential operations in preparing a paddy transplanting field. This operation is undertaken manually by spades in a traditional way as this has not been mechanised thus far. Therefore, this study was conducted to expose this operation by evaluating the economic, as well as physiological, cost involved in the bund shaping. For the economic cost, the study was conducted in nine different districts of Assam (India). The bund length for the estimated area was measured and estimated for one ha of land. The average rate of manual bund shaping was also measured to calculate the cost involved in this operation. Moreover, for the physiological cost, ten experienced subjects were calibrated and measured for their maximum aerobic capacity by sub-maximal exercise in laboratory condition. Furthermore, the heart rate was measured during the manual bund shaping and was then correlated with the calibrated data. It was found that the average required bund shaping length per ha was 3 669 m which was associated with a cost of 2 062.8 rupees. It was found that the bund shaping consumed 76.96% of the maximum volume of the oxygen consumption capacity of the subjects; however, the energy expenditure rate with respect to time and bund length were 7.37 kcal·min–1 and 4.33 kcal·m–1, respectively. Hence, bund shaping in a paddy field comes under a severe workload category which emphasises the need of mechanisation for the bund shaping operation.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on the research of tyre rolling resistances in the soil test channel environment. The specific monitored tyre was a Mitas TS05 10.0/75-15.3 10PR diagonal tyre with an arrow tread. The measurement itself was divided into two stages. In the first stage, measurements of rolling resistance were performed on a solid concrete base of the laboratory in order to determine the internal component of rolling resistance of the tyre. In the second stage, rolling resistances were monitored on forest soil deposited in the main body of the soil channel. The mentioned measurements of rolling resistance can be considered key for further evaluation of traction and energy properties of tyres. Despite some complications which occurred during the measurement, the results obtained indicate the conclusions reached by other researchers in the field. The main conclusion of this research is to confirm the justification of using the correct or optimal level of inflation pressures of tyres of mobile energy means depending on the properties of the surfaces on which they move in order to reduce not only their energy intensity but also greater environmental acceptability.
{"title":"Testing tyres of mobile forest machines in the soil testing canal","authors":"M. Helexa, J. Kováč, J. Krilek","doi":"10.17221/76/2020-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/76/2020-rae","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the research of tyre rolling resistances in the soil test channel environment. The specific monitored tyre was a Mitas TS05 10.0/75-15.3 10PR diagonal tyre with an arrow tread. The measurement itself was divided into two stages. In the first stage, measurements of rolling resistance were performed on a solid concrete base of the laboratory in order to determine the internal component of rolling resistance of the tyre. In the second stage, rolling resistances were monitored on forest soil deposited in the main body of the soil channel. The mentioned measurements of rolling resistance can be considered key for further evaluation of traction and energy properties of tyres. Despite some complications which occurred during the measurement, the results obtained indicate the conclusions reached by other researchers in the field. The main conclusion of this research is to confirm the justification of using the correct or optimal level of inflation pressures of tyres of mobile energy means depending on the properties of the surfaces on which they move in order to reduce not only their energy intensity but also greater environmental acceptability.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to make harvesting table olives profitable, mechanical harvesting has become an absolute necessity. Many small Andalusian producers face structural and financial constraints in implementing the mechanisation of harvesting and, as a consequence, the fruit is still harvested manually. A manual inverted umbrella (MIU), initially designed for harvesting oil olives, was evaluated in order to determine the extent in which this device can optimise the harvesting without jeopardising the fruit quality. Simultaneously, the effects of a diluted lye treatment, applied to prevent the proliferation of brown spots caused by bruising during mechanical harvesting, was also studied. The quality of the harvested fruit was evaluated after complete fermentation. The results indicate that when no diluted lye treatment was applied, using the MIU resulted in a slightly inferior fruit quality. However, when the amount of heavily damaged fruit is taken as a standard, the MIU presented results comparable to those obtained by manual harvesting. The MIU does, therefore, offer small producers an efficient alternative, given that manual harvesting costs are up to three times higher than the costs incurred during MIU harvesting.
{"title":"Effects of a manual harvesting device on the quality of the fermented green olives (cv. Manzanilla)","authors":"E. Plasquy, M. C. Florido, Antonio H. Sánchez","doi":"10.17221/7/2021-rae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/7/2021-rae","url":null,"abstract":"In order to make harvesting table olives profitable, mechanical harvesting has become an absolute necessity. Many small Andalusian producers face structural and financial constraints in implementing the mechanisation of harvesting and, as a consequence, the fruit is still harvested manually. A manual inverted umbrella (MIU), initially designed for harvesting oil olives, was evaluated in order to determine the extent in which this device can optimise the harvesting without jeopardising the fruit quality. Simultaneously, the effects of a diluted lye treatment, applied to prevent the proliferation of brown spots caused by bruising during mechanical harvesting, was also studied. The quality of the harvested fruit was evaluated after complete fermentation. The results indicate that when no diluted lye treatment was applied, using the MIU resulted in a slightly inferior fruit quality. However, when the amount of heavily damaged fruit is taken as a standard, the MIU presented results comparable to those obtained by manual harvesting. The MIU does, therefore, offer small producers an efficient alternative, given that manual harvesting costs are up to three times higher than the costs incurred during MIU harvesting.","PeriodicalId":20906,"journal":{"name":"Research in Agricultural Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48274604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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