Respiratory investigation最新文献_第3页

Clinical characteristics and systemic treatment in patients with elderly-onset sarcoidosis: A retrospective single-centre study in Japan 老年结节病患者的临床特征和全身治疗：日本的一项回顾性单中心研究。

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101381

Hitokazu Tsukao , Michiru Sawahata , Yoshitaka Yamanouchi , Noritaka Sakamoto , Masayuki Nakayama , Koichi Hagiwara , Makoto Maemondo

Background

The mean age at diagnosis of sarcoidosis has been increasing worldwide, yet the clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of elderly-onset cases remain insufficiently defined, particularly in Asian populations.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 187 consecutive Japanese patients newly diagnosed with sarcoidosis at Jichi Medical University Hospital between 2006 and 2018 who fulfilled the 2015 diagnostic criteria. Patients were classified as elderly (≥65 years, n = 49), middle-aged (45–64 years, n = 82), or younger (<45 years, n = 56). Organ involvement was assessed based on the 2023 Japan Society of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders standards and the 2014 WASOG criteria. The frequency and distribution of systemic therapy (corticosteroids, methotrexate, other immunosuppressants) and treatment indications were compared across age groups.

Results

The proportion of women was significantly higher in the elderly than in the younger group (81.6% vs. 41.1%, p < 0.01), as was the frequency of cardiac involvement (12.2% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.05). Systemic therapy was initiated less often in the elderly than in the middle-aged group (10.2% vs. 25.4%, p = 0.026), and all indications involved extrapulmonary lesions (cardiac, n = 3; neurological, n = 1; ocular, n = 1). Most treated patients received systemic corticosteroids, with a median duration of 7.0 months.

Conclusion

Elderly-onset sarcoidosis in Japan was characterised by a predominance of women and a higher frequency of cardiac involvement. Systemic therapy was infrequently initiated and only for extrapulmonary disease. These findings underscore the need for systematic evaluation of extrapulmonary organs—particularly the heart—and age-adapted multidisciplinary management.

背景：结节病的平均诊断年龄在世界范围内一直在增加，但老年发病病例的临床特征和治疗模式仍然不够明确，特别是在亚洲人群中。方法：回顾性调查2006年至2018年在日一医科大学附属医院连续确诊的187例结节病患者，这些患者符合2015年诊断标准。患者分为老年（≥65岁，n = 49）、中年（45-64岁，n = 82）和年轻(结果：老年女性比例明显高于年轻组（81.6% vs. 41.1%）， p结论：老年结节病在日本以女性为主，且累及心脏的频率更高。全身性治疗很少开始，仅用于肺外疾病。这些发现强调了系统评估肺外器官（尤其是心脏）和年龄适应的多学科管理的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying high-risk smokers without airflow limitation using new COPD criteria: pooled analysis of two Japanese cohorts 使用新的COPD标准识别无气流限制的高危吸烟者：两个日本队列的汇总分析

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101368

Naoya Tanabe , Shotaro Chubachi , Kunihiko Terada , Takashi Shimada , Yoshinori Seri , Hidetoshi Nakamura , Koichiro Asano , Atsuyasu Sato , Susumu Sato , Koichi Fukunaga , Toyohiro Hirai

Background

Recently proposed multidimensional chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnostic criteria incorporate computed tomography (CT) findings and symptoms beyond airflow limitation. These criteria, developed using North American cohorts, require validation in Asian populations in which COPD phenotypes differ. We examined whether these criteria identify Japanese smokers at increased exacerbation risk, particularly those without airflow limitation.

Methods

This retrospective analysis pooled data from two prospective Japanese cohorts (Kyoto-Himeji and K-CCR) that included 517 smokers aged ≥40 years undergoing chest CT and COPD assessment test (CAT). The criteria included one major criterion (airflow limitation) and five minor criteria (emphysema [low attenuation area percent, LAA% ≥5 %], airway wall thickening [wall area percent ≥60 %], symptoms, dyspnea, and chronic bronchitis). COPD was defined as meeting the major criterion plus ≥1 minor criterion or ≥3 minor criteria alone. Negative binomial regression examined three-year exacerbation risk.

Results

Among 517 smokers, 364 had major criteria COPD, 26 had minor criteria-only COPD, 40 had airflow limitation without meeting COPD criteria, and 87 had neither (non-COPD group). Exacerbation rates were 0.270, 0.259, 0.161, and 0.069 per person-year, respectively. Both COPD groups had a significantly greater exacerbation risk than the non-COPD group (adjusted IRR: 4.95 [95 %CI: 1.79–14.62] for minor criteria-only; 3.95 [2.06–7.79] for major criteria). Higher CAT scores and LAA % were independently associated with a greater exacerbation risk in patients with COPD.

Conclusion

The new multidimensional COPD criteria successfully identified Japanese smokers at increased exacerbation risk, including those without airflow limitation, supporting their applicability across different populations. Registered at UMIN (UMIN000028387).

最近提出的多维慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）诊断标准包括计算机断层扫描（CT）的发现和超出气流限制的症状。这些标准是在北美队列中制定的，需要在COPD表型不同的亚洲人群中进行验证。我们研究了这些标准是否能确定日本吸烟者有加重的风险，特别是那些没有气流限制的吸烟者。方法本回顾性分析汇集了来自两个前瞻性日本队列（Kyoto-Himeji和K-CCR）的数据，其中包括517名年龄≥40岁的吸烟者，他们接受了胸部CT和COPD评估测试（CAT）。标准包括1个主要标准（气流受限）和5个次要标准（肺气肿[低衰减面积百分比，LAA%≥5%]，气道壁增厚[壁面积百分比≥60%]，症状，呼吸困难，慢性支气管炎）。COPD定义为满足主要标准加≥1个次要标准或单独满足≥3个次要标准。负二项回归检查三年恶化风险。结果517例吸烟者中，364例有重度COPD标准，26例有轻度COPD标准，40例有气流受限但不符合COPD标准，87例两者均无（非COPD组）。加重率分别为0.270、0.259、0.161和0.069人/年。两个COPD组的加重风险均显著高于非COPD组（仅轻度标准的调整IRR为4.95 [95% CI: 1.79-14.62]，重度标准的调整IRR为3.95[2.06-7.79]）。较高的CAT评分和LAA %与COPD患者更大的加重风险独立相关。结论：新的多维COPD标准成功地识别了日本吸烟者的加重风险增加，包括那些没有气流限制的吸烟者，支持其在不同人群中的适用性。在UMIN注册（UMIN000028387）。

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引用次数: 0

Handgrip strength in Japanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study 日本慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的握力：一项前瞻性队列研究

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101377

Seiichi Kobayashi, Manabu Ono, Masatsugu Ishida, Hikari Satoh, Masakazu Hanagama, Koji Okutomo, Masaru Yanai

Background

Skeletal muscle dysfunction frequently accompanies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Handgrip strength (HGS) is a simple, reliable measure of muscle strength. This study aimed to evaluate its prognostic significance in COPD.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study in a cohort of Japanese patients with COPD, stratified by HGS. Patient characteristics, exacerbations, and mortality were evaluated over 5 years. Low HGS was defined as <28 kg in men and <18 kg in women.

Results

Among 300 patients, 89 (29.7 %) had low HGS. Compared with patients with normal HGS, these patients had a lower body mass index, worse pulmonary function, more severe dyspnea, poorer health status, and reduced physical activity. Exacerbation rates were similar between the groups. Low HGS was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95 % confidence interval, 1.03–3.13).

Conclusions

Low HGS was associated with adverse clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with COPD.

背景：骨骼肌功能障碍常伴随慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）。握力（HGS）是一种简单、可靠的肌肉力量测量方法。本研究旨在评价其在COPD中的预后意义。方法：我们在日本COPD患者队列中进行了一项前瞻性观察性研究，按HGS分层。在5年内评估患者的特征、恶化情况和死亡率。低HGS的定义是男性为28公斤，女性为18公斤。结果300例患者中低HGS 89例（29.7%）。与HGS正常的患者相比，这些患者的体重指数较低，肺功能较差，呼吸困难更严重，健康状况较差，体力活动减少。两组间的恶化率相似。低HGS与全因死亡风险增加相关（危险比为1.79；95%可信区间为1.03-3.13）。结论慢速HGS与日本COPD患者的不良临床结局相关。

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引用次数: 0

Appreciation to reviewers in 2025 感谢2025年的审稿人

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5345(26)00035-3

引用次数: 0

A case of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers each harboring an EGFR mutation or an ALK fusion gene alone that responded to osimertinib with chemotherapy 同步多发原发肺癌病例，每一个都有EGFR突变或单独的ALK融合基因，对奥西替尼化疗有反应。

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101375

Doppo Fukui , Daisuke Morinaga , Jun Sakakibara-Konishi , Yukiko Yoshida , Masahiro Kashima , Shotaro Ito , Megumi Furuta , Yuta Takashima , Zenichi Tanei , Satoshi Konno

A comprehensive pathological evaluation is useful for diagnosing synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (sMPLC). However, a consensus regarding treatment for sMPLC with different driver mutations is lacking. We present a case of sMPLC harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene. For the advanced EGFR-positive tumor, osimertinib plus chemotherapy was initiated, the latter also covering ALK-positive tumor. A marked response and slight reduction occurred in the EGFR-positive and ALK-positive tumors, respectively. Surgical resection of the ALK-positive tumor achieved negative margins. Targeted therapy with chemotherapy may effectively treat sMPLC with different driver mutations.

综合病理评价对同步多发原发肺癌（sMPLC）的诊断有重要意义。然而，对于具有不同驱动突变的sMPLC的治疗缺乏共识。我们报告一例sMPLC携带表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变和间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）融合基因。对于晚期egfr阳性肿瘤，采用奥西替尼加化疗，后者也适用于alk阳性肿瘤。egfr阳性和alk阳性肿瘤分别有明显的反应和轻微的减少。手术切除alk阳性肿瘤获得阴性边缘。靶向化疗可有效治疗不同驱动突变的sMPLC。

引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics and severity of primary ciliary dyskinesia caused by large homozygous deletion including exons 1–4 of DRC1: A multicenter retrospective cohort study 包括DRC1外显子1-4在内的大纯合缺失引起的原发性纤毛运动障碍的临床特征和严重程度：一项多中心回顾性队列研究

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101376

Masashi Ito , Atsuko Nakano , Yukiko Arimoto , Mitsuko Kondo , Yusuke Matsuda , Miki Abo , Takashi Kido , Masashi Morishita , Takeshige Honma , Hisashi Nishimori , Yuzaburo Inoue , Keisuke Iwamoto , Yuichiro Hashida , Kazuhiko Takeuchi , Miyabayashi Akiko , Keiko Wakabayashi , Hiroyuki Yamada , Minako Hijikata , Naoto Keicho , Kozo Morimoto

Background

Approximately half of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients in Japan carry a large homozygous deletion encompassing exons 1–4 of DRC1 gene. However, the clinical manifestations of PCD patients with DRC1 variants remain poorly characterized.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study at 12 hospitals across Japan. Patients with DRC1 variants were included, and their clinical characteristics, disease severity, and radiological features were compared with those of patients with outer dynein arm (ODA) defects.

Results

A total of 43 patients with DRC1 variants and 21 with ODA defects were included. The median age at PCD diagnosis was 27 years (IQR: 17–41) for patients with DRC1 variants and 26 years (IQR: 8–31) for those with ODA defects. The median PICADAR score was significantly lower in patients with DRC1 variants than those with ODA defects (4 vs. 8, p < 0.001). The radiological severity and distribution of bronchiectasis did not differ between the two groups, while the median mucous plugging score (bronchiolitis/tree-in-bud) was significantly higher in patients with DRC1 variants (5, IQR: 4–6 vs. 3, IQR: 2–4, p = 0.044). In patients with DRC1 variants, the FEV₁ z score was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.37, p = 0.028), and the modified Reiff score was positively correlated with age (r = 0.47, p = 0.010).

Conclusions

Although the sensitivity of the PICADAR score was low in these patients, most clinical and radiological features of DRC1-related PCD were relatively typical of PCD. Given that DRC1-related PCD appears to worsen with age, early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial.

背景：在日本，大约一半的原发性纤毛运动障碍（PCD）患者携带DRC1基因外显子1-4的大量纯合缺失。然而，伴有DRC1变异的PCD患者的临床表现仍不清楚。方法：我们在日本12家医院进行了一项多中心回顾性队列研究。纳入DRC1变异患者，并将其临床特征、疾病严重程度和影像学特征与外动力蛋白臂（ODA）缺陷患者进行比较。结果：共纳入43例DRC1变异患者和21例ODA缺陷患者。DRC1变异患者诊断PCD时的中位年龄为27岁（IQR: 17-41）， ODA缺陷患者诊断PCD时的中位年龄为26岁（IQR: 8-31）。DRC1变异患者PICADAR评分中位数明显低于ODA缺陷患者(4比8，p 1 z评分与年龄呈负相关（r = -0.37, p = 0.028），修改后的Reiff评分与年龄呈正相关（r = 0.47, p = 0.010）。结论：尽管PICADAR评分在这些患者中敏感性较低，但drc1相关PCD的大多数临床和影像学特征都是相对典型的PCD。鉴于drc1相关PCD似乎随着年龄的增长而恶化，早期诊断和及时干预至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Real-world clinical data on adult respiratory syncytial virus infection in a Japanese community hospital: Emphasis on positivity rate, older adults, and pneumonia cases 日本一家社区医院成人呼吸道合胞病毒感染的真实临床数据：重点是阳性率、老年人和肺炎病例。

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101371

Hiroyuki Honda , Koji Kuronuma , Yutaro Nagano , Kanami Nagano , Kojirou Uemura , Midori Hashimoto , Kaoru Nishiyama , Hirofumi Chiba

Background

Information on the incidence and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among adults remains limited in Japan. In this study, we aimed to clarify these aspects among adult outpatients at our institution.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective observational study included outpatients aged 18 years and older who presented with fever or respiratory symptoms and underwent multiplex PCR testing of nasopharyngeal specimens between April 2021 and March 2025. We assessed the RSV positive rate, underlying comorbidities, and hospitalization rate. For those with pneumonia, we analyzed their imaging findings and sputum culture results. Clinical characteristics were also compared between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients aged 60 years or older.

Results

The overall positive rate of RSV infection over the 4 years was 2.3 %. Among individuals aged 60 years and older, the positive rate was 2.3 %. Of the 31 hospitalized cases, 29 were aged 60 years or older, accounting for 36.3 % of all RSV-positive patients in this age group. Age significantly differed between the hospitalized and nonhospitalized groups aged 60 and older. Among 24 patients with pneumonia who underwent computed tomography scans, 11 had positive sputum cultures. Consolidation was significantly more frequent in the 11 culture-positive cases than in the remaining 13 cases.

Conclusions

RSV infection accounted for 2.3 % of adult outpatient cases, with a notably high hospitalization rate in older adults. These findings highlight RSV as an important respiratory pathogen in older adults, underscoring the need to expand diagnostic testing and preventive strategies in this population.

背景：关于日本成人呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染的发病率和临床特征的信息仍然有限。在本研究中，我们的目的是在我们机构的成人门诊患者中澄清这些方面。方法：这项单中心、回顾性观察性研究纳入了2021年4月至2025年3月期间出现发热或呼吸道症状的18岁及以上门诊患者，并对鼻咽标本进行了多重PCR检测。我们评估了RSV阳性率、潜在合并症和住院率。对于肺炎患者，我们分析了他们的影像学表现和痰培养结果。还比较了60岁及以上住院和非住院患者的临床特征。结果：4年RSV感染总阳性率为2.3%。60岁及以上人群阳性率为2.3%。在31例住院病例中，年龄在60岁及以上的有29例，占该年龄组所有rsv阳性患者的36.3%。年龄在60岁及以上的住院组和非住院组之间存在显著差异。24例肺炎患者接受计算机断层扫描，11例痰培养阳性。11例培养阳性病例的实变频率明显高于其余13例。结论：呼吸道合胞病毒感染占成人门诊病例的2.3%，其中老年人住院率明显较高。这些发现强调RSV是老年人重要的呼吸道病原体，强调需要在这一人群中扩大诊断检测和预防策略。

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引用次数: 0

The prevalence of patients who mistakenly referred to upper respiratory tract secretions as sputum 患者将上呼吸道分泌物误认为痰液的患病率。

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101378

Tadao Nagasaki , Masato Muraki , Soichiro Hanada , Ken Shirahase , Yoshiyuki Kawabata , Masamichi Iwai , Akiko Sano , Osamu Nishiyama , Takashi Iwanaga , Hiroyuki Sano , Ryuta Haraguchi , Yuji Tohda , Hisako Matsumoto

Background

Patients sometimes misidentify upper respiratory tract secretions or saliva as “sputum.” The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of such misidentification and its clinical associations.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults with cough and/or sputum symptoms, examining how often patients referred to upper respiratory tract secretions or saliva as “sputum,” and explored related clinical features.

Results

Of 72 patients with sputum symptoms, 32% and 13% referred to upper respiratory tract secretions and saliva, respectively, as “sputum.” Patients who misidentified upper respiratory secretions more often reported post-nasal drip (41.2% vs. 6.1%) and rhinitis (64.7% vs. 26.5%) than those who did not, which remained significant after adjustment for covariates (p < 0.05). Saliva misidentification was more common in older patients (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

32% of the patients with sputum production referred to upper respiratory tract secretions as “sputum,” highlighting a potential source of miscommunication in clinical practice.

背景：患者有时会将上呼吸道分泌物或唾液误认为是“痰”。本研究的目的是调查这种误认的流行程度及其临床关联。方法：我们对有咳嗽和/或痰症状的成年人进行了横断面研究，检查患者将上呼吸道分泌物或唾液称为“痰”的频率，并探讨相关的临床特征。结果：72例有痰症状的患者中，32%和13%分别将上呼吸道分泌物和唾液称为“痰”。误认上呼吸道分泌物的患者报告后滴鼻（41.2%比6.1%）和鼻炎（64.7%比26.5%）的比例高于未误认上呼吸道分泌物的患者，校正协变量后差异仍显著（p < 0.05）。唾液误认在老年患者中更为常见（p = 0.03）。结论：32%有痰产生的患者将上呼吸道分泌物称为“痰”，这突出了临床实践中误解的潜在来源。

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引用次数: 0

Extracellular DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a candidate biomarker of disease severity in autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 支气管肺泡灌洗液中的细胞外DNA作为自身免疫性肺泡蛋白沉积症疾病严重程度的候选生物标志物

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101372

Toshiki Kimura, Kosuke Imamura, Chieko Yoshida, Yusuke Tomita, Takuro Sakagami

Background

Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) results from the neutralization of autoantibodies against granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which leads to alveolar macrophage (AM) dysfunction and surfactant accumulation. However, disease progression cannot be solely explained by surfactant overload. This study aimed to investigate whether defective efferocytosis in aPAP contributes to persistent apoptotic debris and accumulation of extracellular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which is a candidate biomarker of disease severity.

Methods

We analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples obtained from 13 patients with aPAP and 13 patients with other interstitial lung diseases (controls). Apoptotic debris was assessed cytologically, extracellular dsDNA was quantified fluorometrically with urea correction, and efferocytosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. Additionally, we analyzed correlations between BALF dsDNA levels and clinical indices.

Results

BALF samples from patients with aPAP contained abundant apoptotic debris and significantly higher dsDNA levels than those from controls. Further, AMs from patients with aPAP showed s markedly reduced uptake apoptotic cells, indicating altered efferocytosis-related processes. Corrected BALF dsDNA levels were negatively correlated with the arterial oxygen pressure to inspired oxygen fraction ratio and percent predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.

Conclusions

Altered efferocytosis-related processes in patients with aPAP may promote the accumulation of apoptotic debris and extracellular DNA in the alveolar space. Further, dsDNA levels in BALF strongly reflect impaired gas exchange and provide a biomarker of disease severity. These findings further elucidate the pathogenesis of aPAP and establish extracellular DNA as a promising tool for disease monitoring and therapeutic evaluation.

自身免疫性肺泡蛋白沉积症（aPAP）是由于粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子自身抗体的中和，导致肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）功能障碍和表面活性剂积累。然而，疾病进展不能仅仅由表面活性剂超载来解释。本研究旨在探讨aPAP中有缺陷的efferocytosis是否有助于持续的凋亡碎片和细胞外双链DNA （dsDNA）的积累，dsDNA是疾病严重程度的候选生物标志物。方法分析13例aPAP患者和13例其他间质性肺疾病患者（对照组）的支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）样本。凋亡碎片用细胞学方法评估，细胞外dsDNA用尿素校正荧光定量，efferocytosis用流式细胞术评估。此外，我们分析了BALF dsDNA水平与临床指标的相关性。结果aPAP患者的balf样本中含有丰富的凋亡碎片，dsDNA水平明显高于对照组。此外，来自aPAP患者的AMs显示摄取凋亡细胞明显减少，表明efferocytic相关过程发生了改变。校正后的BALF dsDNA水平与动脉氧压与吸入氧分数比和预测肺一氧化碳弥散能力的百分比呈负相关。结论aPAP患者泡沫化相关过程的改变可能促进肺泡间隙凋亡碎片和细胞外DNA的积累。此外，BALF中的dsDNA水平强烈反映了气体交换受损，并提供了疾病严重程度的生物标志物。这些发现进一步阐明了aPAP的发病机制，并建立了细胞外DNA作为疾病监测和治疗评估的有前途的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Are there differences in antigen recognition by mucosal-associated invariant T cells against mycobacterial infection and sarcoidosis? 粘膜相关的不变T细胞对分枝杆菌感染和结节病的抗原识别是否存在差异？

IF 2 Q2 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory investigation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2026.101386

Yasuo Shimizu

Mycobacterial infections and sarcoidosis have similar clinical presentations and require careful differential diagnosis, but the etiology differs between these diseases. It has been demonstrated that circulating interferon-γ levels decrease during infection by mycobacteria but increase in sarcoidosis. The involvement of innate-like lymphoid T cells in host immunity against these diseases has also become increasingly evident. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are involved in innate immunity and are activated when antigens are presented to the T cell receptor through major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecules, namely MR1, by antigen-presenting cells. Notably, MAIT cells produce cytokines, such as interferon-γ, and antigen-derived ligands loaded onto MR1 can act as agonists or antagonists on MAIT cells. Therefore, MAIT cells may discriminate against ligands derived from the causative antigens of mycobacteria and sarcoidosis, potentially contributing to the ridge of the host immune response between these diseases.

分枝杆菌感染和结节病具有相似的临床表现，需要仔细鉴别诊断，但这两种疾病的病因不同。已有研究表明，在分枝杆菌感染期间，循环干扰素-γ水平降低，但在结节病中升高。先天样淋巴T细胞参与宿主对这些疾病的免疫也越来越明显。粘膜相关不变性T （MAIT）细胞参与先天免疫，当抗原通过主要组织相容性复合体i类分子（即MR1）被抗原呈递细胞呈递到T细胞受体时，MAIT细胞被激活。值得注意的是，MAIT细胞产生细胞因子，如干扰素-γ，抗原衍生的配体装载到MR1上，可以作为MAIT细胞的激动剂或拮抗剂。因此，MAIT细胞可能会对分枝杆菌和结节病的致病抗原衍生的配体产生区别，可能有助于这些疾病之间的宿主免疫应答。

引用次数: 0