Public Health Nutrition最新文献_第10页

Household Food Insecurity and Physical Activity Behavior in Ecuadorian Children and Adolescents: Findings from the ENSANUT-2018 厄瓜多尔儿童和青少年的家庭粮食不安全与体育活动行为：ENSANUT-2018调查结果

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000351

Rishika Chakraborty, Rodrigo X. Armijos, M. Margaret Weigel

Objective: Ecuador has a high prevalence of household food insecurity (HFI) and is undergoing nutritional and epidemiologic transition. Evidence from high-income countries has reported negative or null associations between HFI and physical activity (PA) in children. It remains uncertain whether the same is true of those from low- and middle-income countries like Ecuador whose environmental and sociodemographic characteristics are distinct from those of high-income countries. We aimed to investigate the association of HFI with PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and anthropometric indicators in children. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the nationally representative 2018 Ecuadorian National Health and Nutrition Survey. Data were collected on HFI, PA, SB, sociodemographic characteristics, and measured height and weight. Unadjusted and adjusted linear, log-binomial, and multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship of HFI with PA, SB, stunting, and BMI-for-age. Setting: Ecuador Participants: 23,621 children aged 5-17 years Results: Marginal and moderate-severe HFI was prevalent in 24% and 20% of the households, respectively. HFI was not associated with PA, SB, stunting nor underweight. Moderate-severe HFI was associated with a lower odds of overweight and obesity. However, adjustment for household assets attenuated this finding for overweight (adjusted OR:0.90, 95% CI:0.77, 1.05) and obesity (adjusted OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.08). Conclusion: HFI is a burden in Ecuadorian households, but is not associated with PA, SB nor anthropometric indicators in children aged 5 -17. However, a concerning prevalence of insufficient PA was reported, emphasizing the critical need for evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting PA and reducing SB.

目的：厄瓜多尔的家庭粮食不安全（HFI）发生率很高，正在经历营养和流行病学转型。来自高收入国家的证据显示，家庭粮食不安全与儿童体育活动（PA）之间存在负相关或零相关。厄瓜多尔等中低收入国家的环境和社会人口特征与高收入国家截然不同，这些国家的情况是否也是如此，目前仍不确定。我们的目的是调查 HFI 与儿童体力活动、久坐行为 (SB) 和人体测量指标之间的关系。设计：对具有全国代表性的 2018 年厄瓜多尔全国健康与营养调查的数据进行横断面分析。收集了有关HFI、PA、SB、社会人口特征以及测量身高和体重的数据。未经调整和调整的线性、对数二项式和多项式逻辑回归分析评估了 HFI 与 PA、SB、发育迟缓和年龄体重指数的关系。地点：厄瓜多尔厄瓜多尔 23,621 名 5-17 岁儿童结果分别有 24% 和 20% 的家庭普遍存在轻度和中度 HFI。HFI 与 PA、SB、发育不良或体重不足无关。中度严重家庭肥胖指数与较低的超重和肥胖几率有关。然而，对家庭资产进行调整后，超重（调整后 OR：0.90，95% CI：0.77，1.05）和肥胖（调整后 OR：0.88，95% CI：0.71，1.08）的几率有所降低。结论HFI是厄瓜多尔家庭的一个负担，但与5-17岁儿童的PA、SB或人体测量指标无关。然而，报告显示，PA不足的发生率令人担忧，这强调了对旨在促进PA和减少SB的循证干预措施的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of three prediction formulas of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis 评估中国居民 24 小时尿钠排泄量的三种预测公式：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000168

Zijing Qi, Shuai Tang, Beike Wu, Yanxing Li, Hongmei Yang, Kunbo Wang, Zhifang Li

Objective: To determine the appropriateness of three widely used formulas estimating 24-hour urinary Na (24hUNa) from spot urine samples in the Chinese population. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Setting: Literature review was conducted to identify studies for estimating 24hUNa using the Kawasaki, Tanaka, and INTERSALT formulas simultaneously in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases. The mean difference (MD) and correlation coefficients (r) between measures and estimates from different formulas were assessed. Subjects: Information extraction and quality assessment were performed in thirteen studies involving 8369 subjects. Results: Two studies which affected the overall robustness were excluded in the “leave-one-out” sensitivity analyses. Within the final meta-analysis included 11 studies and 7197 participants, 36.07 mmol/day (95%CI: 16.89, 55.25) of MD was observed in the Kawasaki formula, and -19.62 mmol/day (95%CI: -37.37, -1.87) in the Tanaka formula and -35.78 mmol/day (95%CI: -50.76, -20.80) in the INTERSALT formula; a pooled r-Fisher 'Z of 0.39 (95%CI: 0.32, 0.45) in the Kawasaki formula, 0.43 (95%CI: 0.37, 0.49) in the Tanaka formula and 0.36 (95%CI: 0.31, 0.42) in the INTERSALT formula. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the possible factors affecting the accuracy of the formula estimation from three mainly aspects: population types, sodium intake levels and urine specimen types. Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggested that the Tanaka formula performed a more accurate estimate in Chinese population. Time of collecting spot urine specimens and sodium intake level of the sample population might be the main factors affecting the accuracy of the formula estimation.

目的确定在中国人群中，从定点尿样中估算 24 小时尿钠（24hUNa）的三种广泛使用的公式是否合适。设计：系统回顾和荟萃分析：进行文献综述，在 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库中同时查找使用 Kawasaki、Tanaka 和 INTERSALT 公式估算 24hUNa 的研究。评估了不同公式得出的测量值和估计值之间的平均差 (MD) 和相关系数 (r)。研究对象：对涉及 8369 名受试者的 13 项研究进行了信息提取和质量评估。结果在 "剔除一项 "的敏感性分析中，排除了两项影响整体稳健性的研究。在最终的荟萃分析（包括 11 项研究和 7197 名参与者）中，川崎公式的 MD 为 36.07 毫摩尔/天（95%CI：16.89，55.25），田中公式的 MD 为-19.62 毫摩尔/天（95%CI：-37.37，-1.87），川崎公式的 MD 为-35.78毫摩尔/天（95%CI：-50.76，-20.80）；川崎公式的汇总r-Fisher'Z为0.39（95%CI：0.32，0.45），田中公式为0.43（95%CI：0.37，0.49），INTERSALT公式为0.36（95%CI：0.31，0.42）。我们主要从人群类型、钠摄入水平和尿液标本类型三个方面进行了分组分析，以探讨影响公式估算准确性的可能因素。得出结论：荟萃分析表明，田中公式对中国人群的估计更为准确。收集定点尿液标本的时间和样本人群的钠摄入水平可能是影响公式估算准确性的主要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the prospective acceptability of a healthy food incentive program from the perspective of people with type 2 diabetes and experiences of household food insecurity in Alberta, Canada 从加拿大艾伯塔省 2 型糖尿病患者和家庭粮食不安全经历的角度探讨健康食品奖励计划的预期可接受性

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000429

Saania Tariq, Dana Lee Olstad, Reed F Beall, Eldon Spackman, Lorraine Lipscombe, Sharlette Dunn, Bonnie M Laschewicz, Meghan J Elliott, David JT Campbell

Objective: FoodRx is a 12-month healthy food prescription incentive program for people with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and experiences of household food insecurity. In this study, we aimed to explore potential users’ prospective acceptability (acceptability prior to program use) of the design and delivery of the FoodRx incentive and identify factors influencing prospective acceptability. Design: We used a qualitative descriptive approach and purposive sampling to recruit individuals who were interested or uninterested in using the FoodRx incentive. Semi-structured interviews were guided by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability and corresponding interview transcripts were analyzed using differential qualitative analysis guided by the socioecological model. Setting: Individuals living in Alberta, Canada. Participants: 15 adults with T2DM and experiences of household food insecurity. Results: People who were interested in using the FoodRx incentive (n=10) perceived it to be more acceptable than those who were uninterested (n=5). We identified four themes that captured factors that influenced users’ prospective acceptability: i) participants’ confidence, views, and beliefs of FoodRx design and delivery and its future use (intrapersonal), ii) the shopping routines and roles of individuals in participants’ social networks (interpersonal), iii) access to and experience with food retail outlets (community), and iv) income and food access support to cope with the cost of living (policy). Conclusion: Future healthy food prescription programs should consider how factors at all levels of the socioecological model influence program acceptability and use these data to inform program design and delivery.

目标：FoodRx是一项为期12个月的健康食品处方激励计划，针对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者和有家庭食品不安全经历的人。在本研究中，我们旨在探索潜在用户对 FoodRx 激励计划的设计和实施的预期可接受性（使用计划前的可接受性），并确定影响预期可接受性的因素。设计：我们采用了定性描述法和目的性抽样法来招募对使用FoodRx激励措施感兴趣或不感兴趣的个人。在 "可接受性理论框架 "的指导下进行了半结构化访谈，并在社会生态模型的指导下使用差异化定性分析对相应的访谈记录进行了分析。环境：居住在加拿大艾伯塔省的个人。参与者15 名患有 T2DM 并有家庭食物不安全经历的成年人。结果有兴趣使用FoodRx激励机制的人（10人）比没有兴趣的人（5人）更容易接受。我们确定了四个主题来反映影响用户预期可接受性的因素：i) 参与者对FoodRx设计和提供及其未来使用的信心、观点和信念（个人内部）；ii) 参与者社交网络中个人的购物习惯和角色（人际关系）；iii) 食品零售店的使用途径和经验（社区）；iv) 收入和食品获取支持，以应对生活成本（政策）。结论：未来的健康食品处方计划应考虑社会生态模型各个层面的因素如何影响计划的可接受性，并利用这些数据为计划的设计和实施提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Longitudinal Changes in Home Food Availability and Concurrent Associations with Food and Nutrient Intake Among Children at 24 to 48 Months 24 至 48 个月时儿童家庭食物供应量的纵向变化以及与食物和营养素摄入量的并发关系

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000375

Jennifer M. Barton, Arden L. McMath, Stewart P. Montgomery, Sharon M. Donovan, Barbara H. Fiese

Objectives: To describe changes in home food availability during early childhood, including modified, developmentally sensitive obesogenic scores, and to determine whether home food availability is associated with food and nutrient intakes of children concurrently, over time. Design: Data were drawn from the STRONG Kids 2 longitudinal, birth cohort to achieve the study objectives. Home food availability was assessed with the Home Food Inventory (HFI) and included 15 food groups (e.g., fruit, vegetables) and 3 obesogenic scores (1 original and 2 modified). Food and nutrient intakes were measured using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and included 27 food groups and 18 nutrients (e.g., vitamins A and C, protein). HFI and FFQ were completed by trained researchers or mothers, respectively, at 24, 36, and 48 months. Repeated measures ANOVAs and Spearman correlations were used to achieve the study objectives. Setting: Central Illinois, United States. Participants: 468 children at 24, 36 and 48 months of age. Results: Availability of less nutritious foods and obesogenic foods and beverages increased as children aged, and availability of both nutritious and less nutritious foods were associated with child food and nutrient intake. The 3 obesogenic scores demonstrated similar, positive associations with the intake of energy, saturated fat, added sugars, and kilocalories from sweets. Conclusion: These findings offer novel insight into changes in home food availability and associations with food and nutrient intake during early childhood. Additional attention is needed examining antecedents (e.g., built environments, purchasing behaviors) and consequences (e.g., child diet quality, weight) of home food availability.

目标：描述幼儿期家庭食物供应量的变化，包括经修正的、对发育敏感的肥胖评分，并确定家庭食物供应量是否与儿童的食物和营养摄入量同时、长期相关：描述幼儿期家庭食物可获得性的变化，包括修改后的发育敏感性肥胖评分，并确定家庭食物可获得性是否随着时间的推移与儿童的食物和营养素摄入同时相关。设计：为实现研究目标，我们从 "STRONG Kids 2 "纵向出生队列中提取了数据。家庭食物可用性通过家庭食物清单（HFI）进行评估，包括 15 个食物类别（如水果、蔬菜）和 3 个肥胖评分（1 个原始评分和 2 个修改评分）。食物和营养素摄入量通过 "食物频率调查表"（Block Food Frequency Questionnaire）进行测量，包括 27 种食物类别和 18 种营养素（如维生素 A 和 C、蛋白质）。HFI和FFQ分别由训练有素的研究人员或母亲在24、36和48个月时完成。采用重复测量方差分析和斯皮尔曼相关分析来实现研究目标。地点：美国伊利诺伊州中部美国伊利诺伊州中部。参与者：468 名儿童：468名分别在24、36和48个月大的儿童。研究结果随着儿童年龄的增长，营养成分较低的食品和致肥胖食品及饮料的供应量也在增加，营养成分较高和较低的食品的供应量与儿童的食物和营养素摄入量有关。3 项致肥评分与能量、饱和脂肪、添加糖和甜食千卡热量的摄入量呈相似的正相关。结论这些研究结果为了解幼儿期家庭食物供应的变化及其与食物和营养素摄入的关系提供了新的视角。还需要进一步关注家庭食物供应的前因（如建筑环境、购买行为）和后果（如儿童饮食质量、体重）。

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引用次数: 0

The Caffeine Dilemma: Unraveling the Intricate Relationship Between Caffeine Use Disorder, Caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms, and Mental Wellbeing in Adults 咖啡因困境：揭开咖啡因使用障碍、咖啡因戒断症状与成年人心理健康之间错综复杂的关系

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000399

Mahmut BODUR, Seda KAYA, Merve İLHAN-ESGİN, Funda Pınar ÇAKIROĞLU, Ayşe Özfer ÖZÇELİK

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between caffeine use disorder (CUD), caffeine withdrawal symptoms, and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS) in adults. Design: The study utilized a cross-sectional design to assess the relationships between CUD, caffeine withdrawal symptoms, and DASS. Setting: Participants’ CUD was evaluated through the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), while the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) measured DASS levels. Caffeine withdrawal symptoms and total caffeine intake were calculated based on self-reported consumption of caffeine-rich products. Participants: The study involved 618 participants with an average age of 27.8±7.8 years. Results: Participants consumed an average of 461.21±11.09 mg/day of caffeine, showing a positive correlation between CUD and total caffeine intake. The risk of CUD increased alongside levels of DASS. Individuals with caffeine withdrawal symptoms had higher CUDQ and DASS scores. A multiple linear regression model revealed significant associations between total caffeine intake (p<0.001) and DASS-21 score (p<0.001) with CUDQ score. Conclusions: The study concluded that caffeine, while recognized for its potential health benefits, also exhibits properties that may lead to addiction. The development of caffeine use disorder and cessation of caffeine intake can increase DASS levels in adults, indicating the need for awareness and appropriate interventions in public health nutrition.

研究目的本研究旨在探讨咖啡因使用障碍（CUD）、咖啡因戒断症状与成年人抑郁、焦虑和压力（DASS）患病率之间的关系。设计：本研究采用横断面设计来评估 CUD、咖啡因戒断症状和 DASS 之间的关系。研究环境：通过咖啡因使用障碍问卷（CUDQ）评估参与者的CUD，同时使用抑郁焦虑压力量表-21（DASS-21）测量DASS水平。咖啡因戒断症状和咖啡因总摄入量是根据自我报告的富含咖啡因产品的消耗量计算得出的。参与者研究涉及 618 名参与者，平均年龄（27.8±7.8）岁。研究结果参与者平均每天摄入 461.21±11.09 毫克咖啡因，这表明 CUD 与咖啡因总摄入量呈正相关。CUD的风险随着DASS水平的增加而增加。有咖啡因戒断症状的人的 CUDQ 和 DASS 分数较高。多元线性回归模型显示，咖啡因总摄入量（p<0.001）和 DASS-21 评分（p<0.001）与 CUDQ 评分之间存在显著关联。结论研究得出结论：咖啡因虽然被认为具有潜在的健康益处，但其特性也可能导致成瘾。咖啡因使用障碍的发展和咖啡因摄入的停止会增加成人的 DASS 水平，这表明在公共健康营养方面需要提高认识并采取适当的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying barriers and facilitators to increase fibre intakes in UK primary school children and exploring the acceptability of intervention components: a UK qualitative study. 确定增加英国小学生纤维摄入量的障碍和促进因素，并探索干预内容的可接受性：一项英国定性研究。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000089

Angela S Donin, Lucy P Goldsmith, Clare Sharp, Charlotte Wahlich, Peter H Whincup, Michael H Ussher

Objective: Within the UK, dietary fibre intakes are well below recommended intakes and associated with increased risk of obesity. This study aimed to explore the views of parents and children on barriers and facilitators to increasing fibre intakes and improving diets, alongside investigating the appropriateness of intervention components to overcome modifiable barriers.

Design: Qualitative study including semi-structured interviews and focus groups informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model.

Participants: Year 5 children (aged 9-10-years) and parents, recruited through London primary schools.

Results: A total of twenty-four participants (eleven parents and thirteen children) took part. Five key themes were identified as barriers and facilitators, namely lack of (and improving) knowledge, social factors (including parent-child conflicts, limited time for food preparation, influence of peer and family members), current eating habits, influence of the school, community and home environment in shaping eating behaviours, and the importance of choice and variety in finding foods that are healthy and tasty. Parents strongly supported school-based dietary interventions to enable consistent messaging at home and school and help support dietary behaviour change. Practical sessions (such as workshops to strengthen knowledge, taste tests and food swap ideas) were supported by parents and children.

Conclusions: By using a theory-driven approach to explore the barriers and facilitators to increasing fibre intake, this research identified important themes and modifiable barriers to behaviour change and identifies acceptable intervention components to overcome barriers and bring about sustained dietary behaviour change in primary school children.

目的：在英国，膳食纤维摄入量远低于建议摄入量，并与肥胖风险增加有关。本研究旨在探讨家长和儿童对增加纤维摄入量和改善膳食的障碍和促进因素的看法，同时调查干预措施的适当性，以克服可改变的障碍：定性研究，包括半结构式访谈和焦点小组，以理论领域框架（TDF）和能力-机会-动机-行为（COM-B）模型为依据：通过伦敦小学招募的五年级儿童（9-10 岁）和家长：共有 24 名参与者（11 名家长和 13 名儿童）参加了此次活动。结果：共有 24 名参与者（11 名家长和 13 名儿童）参加了此次调查。调查确定了五大障碍和促进因素，即缺乏（和改善）知识、社会因素（包括亲子冲突、准备食物的时间有限、同伴和家庭成员的影响）、当前的饮食习惯、学校、社区和家庭环境对饮食行为的影响，以及在寻找健康美味的食物时选择和多样化的重要性。家长们强烈支持以学校为基础的膳食干预措施，以便在家庭和学校传递一致的信息，帮助支持饮食行为的改变。实践课程（如加强知识、口味测试和食物交换想法的研讨会）得到了家长和儿童的支持：通过采用理论驱动的方法来探讨增加纤维摄入量的障碍和促进因素，这项研究确定了行为改变的重要主题和可改变的障碍，并确定了可接受的干预内容，以克服障碍，实现小学生持续的饮食行为改变。

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引用次数: 0

Complementarity between the updated version of the front-of-pack nutrition label Nutri-Score and the food-processing NOVA classification. 最新版包装前营养标签 Nutri-Score 与食品加工 NOVA 分类之间的互补性。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000296

Barthélemy Sarda, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Valérie Deschamps, Pauline Ducrot, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Melanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Bernard Srour, Leopold K Fezeu, Mathilde Touvier, Chantal Julia

Objective: To compare the initial and the updated versions of the front-of-pack label Nutri-Score (related to the nutritional content) with the NOVA classification (related to the degree of food processing) at the food level.

Design: Using the OpenFoodFacts database - 129,950 food products - we assessed the complementarity between the Nutri-Score (initial and updated) with the NOVA classification through a correspondence analysis. Contingency tables between the two classification systems were used.

Settings: The food offer in France.

Participants: Not applicable.

Results: With both versions (i.e. initial and updated) of the Nutri-Score, the majority of ultra-processed products received medium to poor Nutri-Score ratings (between 77·9 % and 87·5 % of ultra-processed products depending on the version of the algorithm). Overall, the update of the Nutri-Score algorithm led to a reduction in the number of products rated A and B and an increase in the number of products rated D or E for all NOVA categories, with unprocessed foods being the least impacted (-3·8 percentage points (-5·2 %) rated A or B and +1·3 percentage points (+12·9 %) rated D or E) and ultra-processed foods the most impacted (-9·8 percentage points (-43·4 %) rated A or B and +7·8 percentage points (+14·1 %) rated D or E). Among ultra-processed foods rated favourably with the initial Nutri-Score, artificially sweetened beverages, sweetened plant-based drinks and bread products were the most penalised categories by the revision of Nutri-Score while low-sugar flavoured waters, fruit and legume preparations were the least affected.

Conclusion: These results indicate that the update of the Nutri-Score reinforces its coherence with the NOVA classification, even though both systems measure two distinct health dimensions at the food level.

目的：比较包装正面标签 Nutri-Score（与营养成分有关）和 NOVA 分类（与食品加工程度有关）的最初版本和更新版本：比较食品包装正面标签 Nutri-Score（与营养成分有关）与 NOVA 分类（与食品加工程度有关）在食品层面上的初始版本和更新版本：设计：我们使用 OpenFoodFacts 数据库（129,950 种食品），通过对应分析评估了 Nutri-Score（初始和更新版）与 NOVA 分类之间的互补性。我们使用了两种分类系统之间的权变表：背景：法国的食品供应：结果结果：在两个版本（即初始和更新版）的营养评分中，大多数超加工产品的营养评分为中等至较差（77.9% 至 87.5%的超加工产品，取决于算法版本）。总体而言，营养分数算法的更新导致所有 NOVA 类别中被评为 A 级和 B 级的产品数量减少，被评为 D 级或 E 级的产品数量增加，其中未加工食品受到的影响最小（-3.2%）。未加工食品受影响最小（-3.8 个百分点（-5.2%）被评为 A 级或 B 级，+1.3 个百分点（+12.9%）被评为 D 级或 E 级），超加工食品受影响最大（-9.8 个百分点（-43.4%）被评为 A 级或 B 级，+7.8 个百分点（+14.1%）被评为 D 级或 E 级）。在营养素初始得分较高的超加工食品中，人工加糖饮料、加糖植物饮料和面包制品受营养素得分修订的影响最大，而低糖调味水、水果和豆类制品受影响最小：这些结果表明，尽管营养成分系统和诺瓦分类法在食品层面上测量的是两个不同的健康维度，但营养成分系统的更新加强了其与诺瓦分类法的一致性。

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引用次数: 0

Direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination, dietary patterns and obesity in adults from southern Brazil. 巴西南部成年人种族歧视经历、饮食模式和肥胖的直接和间接关联。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000338

Marcos Fanton, Ylana Elias Rodrigues, Ilaine Schuch, Caroline Marques de Lima Cunha, Marcos Pascoal Pattussi, Raquel Canuto

Objective: To analyse the direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination on dietary patterns (DP), obesity and abdominal obesity.

Design: This is a cross-sectional population-based study. The main exposure was self-reported experiences of racial discrimination (Experiences of Discrimination scale). The mediator variables were the DP: healthy, Brazilian traditional, sugar and carbohydrates, and fast food. The outcomes were obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm for women; ≥ 102 cm for men). Structural equation modelling was applied.

Setting: Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Participants: Totally, 400 adults aged between 20 and 70 years were participated.

Results: The mean age of participants was 47·2 years (sd = 13·9), and 75 % were women. Experiencing racial discrimination had a positive direct effect on obesity (healthy DP: β = 0·153, P < 0·05; Brazilian DP: β = 0·156, P < 0·05; sugar and carbohydrates DP: β = 0·156, P < 0·05; and fast-food DP: β = 0·153, P < 0·05) and abdominal obesity (healthy DP: β = 0·206, P < 0·01; Brazilian DP: β = 0·210, P < 0·01; sugar and carbohydrates DP: β = 0·204, P < 0·01; and fast-food DP: β = 0·204, P < 0·01). The experience of racial discrimination did not have a direct effect on DP, nor did it exert an indirect effect on obesity and abdominal obesity through any DP.

Conclusions: A higher experience of racial discrimination is associated with obesity and abdominal obesity, independent of diet.

目的：分析种族歧视经历对饮食模式、肥胖和腹部肥胖的直接和间接影响。主要暴露因素是自我报告的种族歧视经历（歧视经历量表）。中介变量为饮食模式（DP）：健康饮食、传统巴西饮食、糖和碳水化合物以及快餐。结果为肥胖（体重指数≥30 kg/m2）和腹部肥胖（女性腰围≥88 cm；男性腰围≥102 cm）。研究采用了结构方程模型：地点：巴西阿雷格里港：结果：参与者的平均年龄为 47.2 岁（SD = 13.9），75% 为女性。结果：参与者的平均年龄为 47.2 岁（标准差 = 13.9），75% 为女性。遭受种族歧视对肥胖有积极的直接影响（健康 DP：β= 0.153，p 结论：较高的种族歧视经历与肥胖和腹型肥胖有关，与饮食无关。

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引用次数: 0

An overview of the nutritional status of childbearing age women, children and adolescents living in a rural area of Madagascar: preliminary results of the Tany Vao project. 马达加斯加农村地区育龄妇女、儿童和青少年营养状况概览：Tany Vao 项目的初步结果。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000259

Maria Vittori Conti, Leila Itani, Alice Beretta, Kassandra Yaghi, Asia Filosa, Cristina Monti, Hellas Cena

Objective: To describe the food consumption, nutrition knowledge and nutritional assessment of childbearing age women and their children, living in rural villages in Madagascar. The results presented are related to the Tany Vao research study.

Design: A cross-sectional pilot study.

Setting: The study was carried out in Ampanitosoha village on Nosy Mitsio island in Madagascar.

Participants: 32 women (14-49 years) and 36 children and adolescents (2-17 years).

Results: 70 % of the women lacked nutrition knowledge and did not reach the Minimum Dietary Diversity Index for Women cut-off. The median BMI was 21·1 kg/m² but 55·2 % of the women exceeded the cut-off for waist-to-hip ratio, 51·7 % for waist-to-height ratio and 81·2 % for mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Almost all had adequate intake of energy, protein and carbohydrates, while 27·6 % had excessive fat intake and 75·9 % of added sugars. Over half of the women did not meet the micronutrients Reference Daily Intake (RDI). For children, the MUAC z-score was lower for boys than for girls (P-value = 0·041).

Conclusions: These results underline the importance of increasing women's nutritional knowledge to promote healthy pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, it is fundamental to provide people living in rural areas with sustainable tools to improve dietary diversity and support long-term health.

目标：描述马达加斯加农村育龄妇女及其子女的食物消费、营养知识和营养评估情况。设计：横断面试验研究。地点：研究在马达加斯加诺西米蒂奥岛的安帕尼托索哈村进行：32名妇女（14-49岁）和36名儿童和青少年（2-17岁）：结果：70%的妇女缺乏营养知识，未达到 MDD-W 临界值。体重指数（BMI）的中位数为 21.1 kg/m2，但 55.2%的妇女超过了 WHR 临界值，51.7%的妇女超过了 WHtR 临界值，81.2%的妇女超过了 MUAC 临界值。几乎所有妇女都摄入了足够的能量、蛋白质和碳水化合物，而 27.6% 的妇女摄入了过多的脂肪，75.9% 的妇女摄入了添加糖。超过一半的妇女没有达到微量营养素参考摄入量。就儿童而言，男童的人均体重（MUAC）z-分数（MCAZ）低于女童（P值=0.041）：这些结果表明，提高妇女的营养知识对促进孕期和哺乳期健康非常重要。此外，为生活在农村地区的人们提供可持续的工具以改善膳食多样性和支持长期健康也是至关重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Mediators and moderators of the effects of a school-based intervention on adolescents' fruit and vegetable consumption: the HEIA study. 校本干预对青少年水果和蔬菜摄入量影响的中介和调节因素：HEIA 研究》。

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q1 Medicine

Public Health Nutrition

Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000260

Merel Celine Daas, Mekdes Kebede Gebremariam, Maartje P Poelman, Lene Frost Andersen, Knut-Inge Klepp, Mona Bjelland, Nanna Lien

Objective: To examine whether targeted determinants mediated the effects of the HEalth In Adolescents (HEIA) intervention on fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and explore if these mediating effects were moderated by sex, parental education or weight status.

Design: Cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Setting: The HEIA study (2007-2009) was a Norwegian 20-month multi-component school-based intervention to promote healthy weight development. FV consumption and targeted determinants were self-reported at baseline, mid-way (8 months) and post-intervention (20 months).

Participants: Adolescents (11-13-year-old) in twenty-five control schools (n 746) and twelve intervention schools (n 375).

Results: At post-intervention, more adolescents in the intervention group compared with the control group had knowledge of the FV recommendations (OR: 1·4, 95 % CI 1·1, 1·9) and reported a decreased availability of vegetables at home (β: -0·1, 95 % CI -0·2, 0·0). Availability/accessibility of FV at home, availability of vegetables at dinner, taste preferences for different types of FV and knowledge of the FV recommendations were positively associated with the consumption of FV. However, none of the post-intervention determinants significantly mediated the intervention effects on FV consumption. Although no moderating influences by sex, parental education or weights status were observed on the mediating effects, exploratory analyses revealed significant moderations in the b-paths.

Conclusions: Since none of the targeted determinants could explain the increase in FV consumption, it remains unclear why the intervention was effective. Reporting on a wide range of mediators and moderators in school-based interventions is needed to reveal the pathways through which intervention effects are achieved.

目的研究目标决定因素是否对青少年健康（HEIA）干预对水果和蔬菜（FV）消费的影响起中介作用，并探讨这些中介作用是否受性别、父母教育或体重状况的影响：设计：分组随机对照试验：HEIA研究（2007-2009年）是挪威一项为期20个月的多成分校本干预措施，旨在促进健康体重的发展。在基线期、中期（8个月）和干预后（20个月），对低脂饮食消费量和目标决定因素进行自我报告：25 所对照学校（746 人）和 12 所干预学校（375 人）的青少年（11-13 岁）：干预后，与对照组相比，干预组有更多青少年了解食物添加剂建议（OR：1.4，95% CI：1.1；1.9），并报告家中蔬菜供应量减少（β：-0.1，95% CI：-0.2；0.0）。家中是否有/是否能买到家常蔬菜、晚餐时是否能吃到蔬菜、对不同种类家常蔬菜的口味偏好以及对家常蔬菜建议的了解程度与家常蔬菜的食用量呈正相关。然而，干预后的决定性因素都没有对干预对食用小黄瓜的影响产生明显的中介作用。虽然没有观察到性别、父母教育程度或体重状况对中介效应的调节作用，但探索性分析显示，在b路径中存在明显的调节作用：结论：由于没有一个目标决定因素能够解释低脂伏特加消费量增加的原因，因此目前仍不清楚干预有效的原因。需要对校本干预中的各种中介效应和调节效应进行报告，以揭示实现干预效果的途径。

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引用次数: 0