Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1017/S136898002400065X
Jane Dancey, Belinda Reeve, Alexandra Jones, Megan Ferguson, Emma van Burgel, Julie Brimblecombe
Objective: Different forms of public and private regulation have been used to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically examine the types of private regulatory measures used to create healthy food retail environments, the reporting of the processes of implementation, monitoring, review and enforcement and the barriers to and enablers of these.
Design: Scoping review using the Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Business Source Complete and Scopus databases were searched in October 2020 and again in September 2023 using terms for 'food retail', 'regulation' and 'nutrition'. Regulatory measure type was described by domain and mechanism. Deductive thematic analysis was used to identify reported barriers and enablers to effective regulatory governance processes using a public health law framework.
Setting: Food retail.
Participants: Food retail settings using private regulatory measures to create healthier food retail environments.
Results: In total, 17 694 articles were screened and thirty-five included for review from six countries, with all articles published since 2011. Articles reporting on twenty-six unique private regulatory measures cited a mix of voluntary (n 16), mandatory (n 6) measures, both (n 2) or did not disclose (n 2). Articles frequently reported on implementation (34/35), with less reporting on the other regulatory governance processes of monitoring (15/35), review (6/35) and enforcement (2/35).
Conclusions: We recommend more attention be paid to reporting on the monitoring, review and enforcement processes used in private regulation to promote further progress in improving the healthiness of food retail environments.
{"title":"The use of private regulatory measures to create healthy food retail environments: a scoping review.","authors":"Jane Dancey, Belinda Reeve, Alexandra Jones, Megan Ferguson, Emma van Burgel, Julie Brimblecombe","doi":"10.1017/S136898002400065X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S136898002400065X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Different forms of public and private regulation have been used to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically examine the types of private regulatory measures used to create healthy food retail environments, the reporting of the processes of implementation, monitoring, review and enforcement and the barriers to and enablers of these.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Scoping review using the Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Business Source Complete and Scopus databases were searched in October 2020 and again in September 2023 using terms for 'food retail', 'regulation' and 'nutrition'. Regulatory measure type was described by domain and mechanism. Deductive thematic analysis was used to identify reported barriers and enablers to effective regulatory governance processes using a public health law framework.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Food retail.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Food retail settings using private regulatory measures to create healthier food retail environments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 17 694 articles were screened and thirty-five included for review from six countries, with all articles published since 2011. Articles reporting on twenty-six unique private regulatory measures cited a mix of voluntary (<i>n</i> 16), mandatory (<i>n</i> 6) measures, both (<i>n</i> 2) or did not disclose (<i>n</i> 2). Articles frequently reported on implementation (34/35), with less reporting on the other regulatory governance processes of monitoring (15/35), review (6/35) and enforcement (2/35).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recommend more attention be paid to reporting on the monitoring, review and enforcement processes used in private regulation to promote further progress in improving the healthiness of food retail environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11010160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000661
Carise M Thompson, Susan J Elliott, Samantha Meyer, Scott T Leatherdale, Shannon E Majowicz
Objective: The research objectives were to evaluate factors that influence Canadian secondary school students' milk and milk alternatives (MMA) consumption and to explore associations through age and gender lenses.
Design: A qualitative design was used, consisting of semi-structured interviews and photo-elicitation methods. Analysis was guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Deductive and inductive thematic analyses were used to generate themes, charting data based on attributes such as gender and age.
Setting: Interviews were held virtually or via telephone.
Participants: Participants were twenty-eight high school students from Ontario, Canada, diverse in terms of gender and age.
Results: Both desirable and undesirable beliefs about the health outcomes of consuming MMA were commonly discussed. These included health benefits such as strong bones, muscular strength, and growth, and health consequences like unwanted skin conditions, weight gain, and diseases. While boys and girls associated MMA consumption with muscular strength, boys predominantly considered this favourable, while girls discussed outcomes like unwanted skin conditions and weight gain more often. Adolescents' perspectives on taste/perceived enjoyment, environmentally friendly choices and animal welfare also influenced their MMA preferences. Parental influences were most cited among social factors, which appeared to be stronger during early adolescence. Factors involving cost, time and accessibility affected adolescents' beliefs about how difficult it was to consume MMA.
Conclusions: Recommendations for shifting attitudes towards MMA are provided to address unfavourable beliefs towards these products. Interventions to increase MMA consumption among adolescents should include parents and address cost barriers.
{"title":"Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control factors influencing Canadian secondary school students' milk and milk alternatives consumption.","authors":"Carise M Thompson, Susan J Elliott, Samantha Meyer, Scott T Leatherdale, Shannon E Majowicz","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000661","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The research objectives were to evaluate factors that influence Canadian secondary school students' milk and milk alternatives (MMA) consumption and to explore associations through age and gender lenses.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A qualitative design was used, consisting of semi-structured interviews and photo-elicitation methods. Analysis was guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Deductive and inductive thematic analyses were used to generate themes, charting data based on attributes such as gender and age.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Interviews were held virtually or via telephone.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were twenty-eight high school students from Ontario, Canada, diverse in terms of gender and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both desirable and undesirable beliefs about the health outcomes of consuming MMA were commonly discussed. These included health benefits such as strong bones, muscular strength, and growth, and health consequences like unwanted skin conditions, weight gain, and diseases. While boys and girls associated MMA consumption with muscular strength, boys predominantly considered this favourable, while girls discussed outcomes like unwanted skin conditions and weight gain more often. Adolescents' perspectives on taste/perceived enjoyment, environmentally friendly choices and animal welfare also influenced their MMA preferences. Parental influences were most cited among social factors, which appeared to be stronger during early adolescence. Factors involving cost, time and accessibility affected adolescents' beliefs about how difficult it was to consume MMA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recommendations for shifting attitudes towards MMA are provided to address unfavourable beliefs towards these products. Interventions to increase MMA consumption among adolescents should include parents and address cost barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000533
Gastón Ares, Lucía Antúnez, Florencia Alcaire, Virginia Natero, Tobias Otterbring
Objective: Examine the key elements that characterise social media advertisements targeted at adolescents by asking adolescents which features of Instagram ads promoting ultra-processed products make them designed to appeal to adolescents.
Design: Instagram ads promoting ultra-processed products and brands were selected from a database in which ads had been classified regarding whether they were primarily targeted at adolescents from an adult perspective. Adolescents completed a sorting task in small groups and were requested to reach a consensus through discussions and sticky notes regarding whether sixty ads were designed to appeal to them. The sorting task was analysed using content analysis based on inductive coding.
Setting: One private secondary school and two after-school clubs.
Participants: Convenience sample of 105 Uruguayan adolescents aged 11-17 years.
Results: Ten categories were identified regarding the reasons for sorting ads as (not) designed to appeal to adolescents: product type, graphic design, explicit references to age groups, language, activities or themes, memes, celebrities, characters, promotions and novelty. Product type emerged as a key element, with adolescents perceiving ads as designed to appeal to them simply because they promoted specific products.
Conclusions: This research contributes to the validation of criteria defined in previous studies and can be used for the development of tools to monitor the prevalence and power of adolescent-targeted digital marketing. However, the importance attributed to type of product suggests that regulations should not exclusively focus on exposure to digital marketing specifically targeted at adolescents but also on exposure to marketing in general.
{"title":"Is this advertisement designed to appeal to you? Adolescents' views about Instagram advertisements promoting ultra-processed products.","authors":"Gastón Ares, Lucía Antúnez, Florencia Alcaire, Virginia Natero, Tobias Otterbring","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000533","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Examine the key elements that characterise social media advertisements targeted at adolescents by asking adolescents which features of Instagram ads promoting ultra-processed products make them designed to appeal to adolescents.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Instagram ads promoting ultra-processed products and brands were selected from a database in which ads had been classified regarding whether they were primarily targeted at adolescents from an adult perspective. Adolescents completed a sorting task in small groups and were requested to reach a consensus through discussions and sticky notes regarding whether sixty ads were designed to appeal to them. The sorting task was analysed using content analysis based on inductive coding.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>One private secondary school and two after-school clubs.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Convenience sample of 105 Uruguayan adolescents aged 11-17 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten categories were identified regarding the reasons for sorting ads as (not) designed to appeal to adolescents: product type, graphic design, explicit references to age groups, language, activities or themes, memes, celebrities, characters, promotions and novelty. Product type emerged as a key element, with adolescents perceiving ads as designed to appeal to them simply because they promoted specific products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research contributes to the validation of criteria defined in previous studies and can be used for the development of tools to monitor the prevalence and power of adolescent-targeted digital marketing. However, the importance attributed to type of product suggests that regulations should not exclusively focus on exposure to digital marketing specifically targeted at adolescents but also on exposure to marketing in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10993065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000430
Yishan Guo, Danping Su, Hong Chen, Yanxi Ding, Shiyu Zhang, Hong Sun, Dandi Chen, Wenya Yin, Xiang Li, Guo Zeng
Objective: To determine whether the Chinese heart-healthy diet (Sichuan cuisine version) (CHH diet-SC) was more expensive than the conventional Sichuan diet and explore the food groups and nutrients that mainly affected the cost of CHH diet-SC.
Design: Cost analysis of 4-week intervention diets in the Sichuan center representing southwestern China in the CHH diet study.
Setting: A multicentre, parallel-group, single-blind, randomised feeding trial evaluating the efficacy of lowering blood pressure with the cuisine-based CHH diet.
Participants: Totally, fifty-three participants with hypertension aged 25-75 years in the Sichuan center were randomised into the control group (n 26) or the CHH diet-SC group (n 27).
Results: The CHH diet-SC was more expensive than the control diet (¥27·87 ± 2·41 v. ¥25·18 ± 2·79 equals $3·90 ± 0·34 v. $3·52 ± 0·39, P < 0·001), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for a 1-mm Hg systolic blood pressure reduction was ¥9·12 ($1·28). Intakes and the cost of seafood, dairy products, fruits, soybeans and nuts, whole grains and mixed beans were higher for the CHH diet-SC than for the control diet (P < 0·001). Intakes of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Mg and phosphorus were positively correlated with the cost (P < 0·05).
Conclusions: The CHH diet-SC costs more than the conventional Sichuan diet, partly due to the high cost of specific food groups. Positive correlations between the intakes of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin C, Mg, phosphorus and the dietary cost could be a direction to adjust the composition within the food groups to reduce the cost of the CHH diet-SC.
{"title":"Does an antihypertensive diet cost more? Analysis from the Chinese Heart-Healthy diet trial.","authors":"Yishan Guo, Danping Su, Hong Chen, Yanxi Ding, Shiyu Zhang, Hong Sun, Dandi Chen, Wenya Yin, Xiang Li, Guo Zeng","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000430","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether the Chinese heart-healthy diet (Sichuan cuisine version) (CHH diet-SC) was more expensive than the conventional Sichuan diet and explore the food groups and nutrients that mainly affected the cost of CHH diet-SC.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cost analysis of 4-week intervention diets in the Sichuan center representing southwestern China in the CHH diet study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A multicentre, parallel-group, single-blind, randomised feeding trial evaluating the efficacy of lowering blood pressure with the cuisine-based CHH diet.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Totally, fifty-three participants with hypertension aged 25-75 years in the Sichuan center were randomised into the control group (<i>n</i> 26) or the CHH diet-SC group (<i>n</i> 27).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CHH diet-SC was more expensive than the control diet (¥27·87 ± 2·41 <i>v</i>. ¥25·18 ± 2·79 equals $3·90 ± 0·34 <i>v</i>. $3·52 ± 0·39, <i>P</i> < 0·001), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for a 1-mm Hg systolic blood pressure reduction was ¥9·12 ($1·28). Intakes and the cost of seafood, dairy products, fruits, soybeans and nuts, whole grains and mixed beans were higher for the CHH diet-SC than for the control diet (<i>P</i> < 0·001). Intakes of vitamin B<sub>1</sub>, vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, vitamin C, Mg and phosphorus were positively correlated with the cost (<i>P</i> < 0·05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CHH diet-SC costs more than the conventional Sichuan diet, partly due to the high cost of specific food groups. Positive correlations between the intakes of vitamin B<sub>1</sub>, vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, vitamin C, Mg, phosphorus and the dietary cost could be a direction to adjust the composition within the food groups to reduce the cost of the CHH diet-SC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000612
Henna Vepsäläinen, Liisa Korkalo, Essi Skaffari, Anna M Abdollahi, Riikka Pajulahti, Reetta Lehto, Elina Engberg, Marja H Leppänen, Elviira Lehto, Carola Ray, Eva Roos, Maijaliisa Erkkola
Objective: This study aimed to (1) examine the clustering of energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) and (2) investigate whether EBRB clusters, temperament and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) associate with overweight.
Design: We assessed food consumption using food records, screen time (ST) using sedentary behaviour diaries, sleep consistency and temperament (negative affectivity, surgency, effortful control) using questionnaires and HCC using hair samples. Accelerometers were used to assess physical activity (PA) intensities, sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Researchers measured each child's weight and height. We used finite mixture models to identify EBRB clusters and multilevel logistic regression models to examine the associations between EBRB clusters, temperament, HCC and overweight.
Setting: The cross-sectional DAGIS survey, data collected in 2015-2016.
Participants: Finnish 3-6-year-olds (n 864) recruited through preschools.
Results: One-third of the participants were categorised into the cluster labelled 'Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time', characterised by unhealthy dietary choices (e.g. greater consumption of high-fat, high-sugar dairy products) and longer ST. Two-thirds were categorised into the second cluster, labelled 'Healthy diet, moderate screen time'. PA and sleep were irrelevant for clustering. Higher negative affectivity and lower effortful control associated with the 'Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time' cluster. EBRB clusters and HCC did not associate with overweight, but surgency was positively associated with overweight (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·25).
Conclusions: Of the EBRB, food consumption and ST seem to associate. As temperament associates with EBRB clusters and overweight, tailored support acknowledging the child's temperament could be profitable in maintaining a healthy weight.
{"title":"How energy balance-related behaviours, temperament, stress and overweight associate: a cross-sectional study of Finnish preschoolers.","authors":"Henna Vepsäläinen, Liisa Korkalo, Essi Skaffari, Anna M Abdollahi, Riikka Pajulahti, Reetta Lehto, Elina Engberg, Marja H Leppänen, Elviira Lehto, Carola Ray, Eva Roos, Maijaliisa Erkkola","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000612","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to (1) examine the clustering of energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) and (2) investigate whether EBRB clusters, temperament and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) associate with overweight.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We assessed food consumption using food records, screen time (ST) using sedentary behaviour diaries, sleep consistency and temperament (negative affectivity, surgency, effortful control) using questionnaires and HCC using hair samples. Accelerometers were used to assess physical activity (PA) intensities, sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Researchers measured each child's weight and height. We used finite mixture models to identify EBRB clusters and multilevel logistic regression models to examine the associations between EBRB clusters, temperament, HCC and overweight.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The cross-sectional DAGIS survey, data collected in 2015-2016.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Finnish 3-6-year-olds (<i>n</i> 864) recruited through preschools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-third of the participants were categorised into the cluster labelled 'Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time', characterised by unhealthy dietary choices (e.g. greater consumption of high-fat, high-sugar dairy products) and longer ST. Two-thirds were categorised into the second cluster, labelled 'Healthy diet, moderate screen time'. PA and sleep were irrelevant for clustering. Higher negative affectivity and lower effortful control associated with the 'Unhealthy diet, excessive screen time' cluster. EBRB clusters and HCC did not associate with overweight, but surgency was positively associated with overweight (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·25).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Of the EBRB, food consumption and ST seem to associate. As temperament associates with EBRB clusters and overweight, tailored support acknowledging the child's temperament could be profitable in maintaining a healthy weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000508
Xavier Irz, Heli Tapanainen, Merja Saarinen, Jani Salminen, Laura Sares-Jäske, Liisa M Valsta
Objectives: To characterise nutritionally adequate, climate-friendly diets that are culturally acceptable across socio-demographic groups. To identify potential equity issues linked to more climate-friendly and nutritionally adequate dietary changes.
Design: An optimisation model minimises distance from observed diets subject to nutritional, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and food-habit constraints. It is calibrated to socio-demographic groups differentiated by sex, education and income levels using dietary intake data. The environmental coefficients are derived from life cycle analysis and an environmentally extended input-output model.
Setting: Finland.
Participants: Adult population.
Results: Across all population groups, we find large synergies between improvements in nutritional adequacy and reductions in GHGE, set at one-third or half of the current level. Those reductions result mainly from the substitution of meat with cereals, potatoes and roots and the intra-category substitution of foods, such as beef with poultry in the meat category. The simulated more climate-friendly diets are thus flexitarian. Moving towards reduced-impact diets would not create major inadequacies related to protein and fatty acid intakes, but Fe could be an issue for pre-menopausal females. The initial socio-economic gradient in the GHGE of diets is small, and the patterns of adjustments to more climate-friendly diets are similar across socio-demographic groups.
Conclusions: A one-third reduction in GHGE of diets is achievable through moderate behavioural adjustments, but achieving larger reductions may be difficult. The required changes are similar across socio-demographic groups and do not raise equity issues. A population-wide policy to promote behavioural change for diet sustainability would be appropriate.
{"title":"Reducing the carbon footprint of diets across socio-demographic groups in Finland: a mathematical optimisation study.","authors":"Xavier Irz, Heli Tapanainen, Merja Saarinen, Jani Salminen, Laura Sares-Jäske, Liisa M Valsta","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000508","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To characterise nutritionally adequate, climate-friendly diets that are culturally acceptable across socio-demographic groups. To identify potential equity issues linked to more climate-friendly and nutritionally adequate dietary changes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An optimisation model minimises distance from observed diets subject to nutritional, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and food-habit constraints. It is calibrated to socio-demographic groups differentiated by sex, education and income levels using dietary intake data. The environmental coefficients are derived from life cycle analysis and an environmentally extended input-output model.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Finland.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adult population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all population groups, we find large synergies between improvements in nutritional adequacy and reductions in GHGE, set at one-third or half of the current level. Those reductions result mainly from the substitution of meat with cereals, potatoes and roots and the intra-category substitution of foods, such as beef with poultry in the meat category. The simulated more climate-friendly diets are thus flexitarian. Moving towards reduced-impact diets would not create major inadequacies related to protein and fatty acid intakes, but Fe could be an issue for pre-menopausal females. The initial socio-economic gradient in the GHGE of diets is small, and the patterns of adjustments to more climate-friendly diets are similar across socio-demographic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A one-third reduction in GHGE of diets is achievable through moderate behavioural adjustments, but achieving larger reductions may be difficult. The required changes are similar across socio-demographic groups and do not raise equity issues. A population-wide policy to promote behavioural change for diet sustainability would be appropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10993064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000600
Lucy Beasant, Jenny Ingram, Pauline M Emmett, Janet E Cade, Caroline M Taylor
Objective: The National Health Service (NHS) England website provides guidance on foods/drinks to avoid or limit during pregnancy because of microbiological, toxicological or teratogenic hazards. The aims were to determine adherence and whether demographic characteristics were associated with adherence.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Online survey of postpartum women resident in England during pregnancy.
Participants: Recently, postpartum women resident in England during their pregnancy (n 598; median age 33 (IQR 30-36) years) completed an online questionnaire (April-November 2022). Questions included those on consumption of twenty-one food/drink items that the NHS advises pregnant women to avoid/limit. The study is part of the Pregnancy, the Environment And nutRition (PEAR) Study. Summary statistics were used to determine proportions adhering to the guidance. Adjusted logistic regression was used to model the associations of adherence with demographic characteristics.
Results: Adherence was generally high (>90 % for eight of ten food/drink items to be avoided). However, among pre-pregnancy consumers, several items were not completely avoided, for example, 81 % (128/158) for game meat/gamebirds, 37 % (176/478) for cured meats and 17 % (81/467) for soft cheeses. Greater educational attainment (e.g. caffeinated soft drinks OR 2·25 (95 % CI 1·28, 3·94)), greater maternal age (e.g. oily fish 1·64 (1·05, 2·56)) and lower parity (e.g. caffeinated coffee 0.28 (0.11, 0.69)) were the most usual characteristics associated with adherence.
Conclusion: Evidence of concerning levels of non-adherence for some food/drink items suggests a case for more education on some of the guidance, particularly for women with lower educational attainment, greater parity and greater maternal age. Further research on barriers to the implementation of the guidance is needed.
{"title":"Adherence to the national guidance on foods and drinks to limit or avoid during pregnancy in England: the PEAR Study.","authors":"Lucy Beasant, Jenny Ingram, Pauline M Emmett, Janet E Cade, Caroline M Taylor","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000600","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The National Health Service (NHS) England website provides guidance on foods/drinks to avoid or limit during pregnancy because of microbiological, toxicological or teratogenic hazards. The aims were to determine adherence and whether demographic characteristics were associated with adherence.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Online survey of postpartum women resident in England during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Recently, postpartum women resident in England during their pregnancy (<i>n</i> 598; median age 33 (IQR 30-36) years) completed an online questionnaire (April-November 2022). Questions included those on consumption of twenty-one food/drink items that the NHS advises pregnant women to avoid/limit. The study is part of the Pregnancy, the Environment And nutRition (PEAR) Study. Summary statistics were used to determine proportions adhering to the guidance. Adjusted logistic regression was used to model the associations of adherence with demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adherence was generally high (>90 % for eight of ten food/drink items to be avoided). However, among pre-pregnancy consumers, several items were not completely avoided, for example, 81 % (128/158) for game meat/gamebirds, 37 % (176/478) for cured meats and 17 % (81/467) for soft cheeses. Greater educational attainment (e.g. caffeinated soft drinks OR 2·25 (95 % CI 1·28, 3·94)), greater maternal age (e.g. oily fish 1·64 (1·05, 2·56)) and lower parity (e.g. caffeinated coffee 0.28 (0.11, 0.69)) were the most usual characteristics associated with adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence of concerning levels of non-adherence for some food/drink items suggests a case for more education on some of the guidance, particularly for women with lower educational attainment, greater parity and greater maternal age. Further research on barriers to the implementation of the guidance is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11010152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Although some studies have examined the association between eating behaviour and elevated blood pressure (EBP) in adolescents, current data on the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and EBP in adolescents in Yunnan Province, China, are lacking.
Setting: Cluster sampling was used to survey freshmen at a college in Kunming, Yunnan Province, from November to December. Data on SSB consumption were collected using an FFQ measuring height, weight and blood pressure. A logistic regression model was used to analyse the association between SSB consumption and EBP, encompassing prehypertension and hypertension with sex-specific analyses.
Participants: The analysis included 4781 college students.
Results: Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were detected in 35·10 % (1678/4781) and 39·34 % (1881/4781) of patients, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, tea beverage consumption was associated with elevated SBP (OR = 1·24, 95 % CI: 1·03, 1·49, P = 0·024), and carbonated beverage (OR = 1·23, 95 % CI: 1·04, 1·45, P = 0·019) and milk beverage (OR = 0·81, 95 % CI: 0·69, 0·95, P = 0·010) consumption was associated with elevated DBP in college students. Moreover, fruit beverage (OR = 1·32, 95 % CI: 1·00, 1·75, P = 0·048) and milk beverage consumption (OR = 0·69, 95 % CI: 0·52, 0·93, P = 0·014) was associated with elevated DBP in males.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that fruit and milk beverage consumption was associated with elevated DBP in males, and no association was observed with EBP in females.
{"title":"Association of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with elevated blood pressure among college students in Yunnan Province, China.","authors":"Honglv Xu, Yun Zhao, Rui Tan, Min Li, Chunjie Yu, Danyun Rui, Jiangli Li, Yuan Xiong, Weibin Zheng","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000569","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although some studies have examined the association between eating behaviour and elevated blood pressure (EBP) in adolescents, current data on the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and EBP in adolescents in Yunnan Province, China, are lacking.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Cluster sampling was used to survey freshmen at a college in Kunming, Yunnan Province, from November to December. Data on SSB consumption were collected using an FFQ measuring height, weight and blood pressure. A logistic regression model was used to analyse the association between SSB consumption and EBP, encompassing prehypertension and hypertension with sex-specific analyses.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The analysis included 4781 college students.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were detected in 35·10 % (1678/4781) and 39·34 % (1881/4781) of patients, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, tea beverage consumption was associated with elevated SBP (OR = 1·24, 95 % CI: 1·03, 1·49, <i>P</i> = 0·024), and carbonated beverage (OR = 1·23, 95 % CI: 1·04, 1·45, <i>P</i> = 0·019) and milk beverage (OR = 0·81, 95 % CI: 0·69, 0·95, <i>P</i> = 0·010) consumption was associated with elevated DBP in college students. Moreover, fruit beverage (OR = 1·32, 95 % CI: 1·00, 1·75, <i>P</i> = 0·048) and milk beverage consumption (OR = 0·69, 95 % CI: 0·52, 0·93, <i>P</i> = 0·014) was associated with elevated DBP in males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicated that fruit and milk beverage consumption was associated with elevated DBP in males, and no association was observed with EBP in females.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1017/S136898002400051X
Emily Oken, Rashelle J Musci, Matthew Westlake, Kennedy Gachigi, Judy L Aschner, Kathrine L Barnes, Theresa M Bastain, Claudia Buss, Carlos A Camargo, Jose F Cordero, Dana Dabelea, Anne L Dunlop, Akhgar Ghassabian, Alison E Hipwell, Christine W Hockett, Margaret R Karagas, Claudia Lugo-Candelas, Amy E Margolis, Thomas G O'Connor, Coral L Shuster, Jennifer K Straughen, Kristen Lyall
Objective: n-3 fatty acid consumption during pregnancy is recommended for optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. We examined characteristics associated with self-reported fish or n-3 supplement intake.
Design: Pooled pregnancy cohort studies.
Setting: Cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium with births from 1999 to 2020.
Participants: A total of 10 800 pregnant women in twenty-three cohorts with food frequency data on fish consumption; 12 646 from thirty-five cohorts with information on supplement use.
Results: Overall, 24·6 % reported consuming fish never or less than once per month, 40·1 % less than once a week, 22·1 % 1-2 times per week and 13·2 % more than twice per week. The relative risk (RR) of ever (v. never) consuming fish was higher in participants who were older (1·14, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·18 for 35-40 v. <29 years), were other than non-Hispanic White (1·13, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·18 for non-Hispanic Black; 1·05, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·10 for non-Hispanic Asian; 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·10 for Hispanic) or used tobacco (1·04, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·08). The RR was lower in those with overweight v. healthy weight (0·97, 95 % CI 0·95, 1·0). Only 16·2 % reported n-3 supplement use, which was more common among individuals with a higher age and education, a lower BMI, and fish consumption (RR 1·5, 95 % CI 1·23, 1·82 for twice-weekly v. never).
Conclusions: One-quarter of participants in this large nationwide dataset rarely or never consumed fish during pregnancy, and n-3 supplement use was uncommon, even among those who did not consume fish.
{"title":"Demographic and health characteristics associated with fish and <i>n</i>-3 fatty acid supplement intake during pregnancy: results from pregnancy cohorts in the ECHO programme.","authors":"Emily Oken, Rashelle J Musci, Matthew Westlake, Kennedy Gachigi, Judy L Aschner, Kathrine L Barnes, Theresa M Bastain, Claudia Buss, Carlos A Camargo, Jose F Cordero, Dana Dabelea, Anne L Dunlop, Akhgar Ghassabian, Alison E Hipwell, Christine W Hockett, Margaret R Karagas, Claudia Lugo-Candelas, Amy E Margolis, Thomas G O'Connor, Coral L Shuster, Jennifer K Straughen, Kristen Lyall","doi":"10.1017/S136898002400051X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S136898002400051X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong><i>n</i>-3 fatty acid consumption during pregnancy is recommended for optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. We examined characteristics associated with self-reported fish or <i>n</i>-3 supplement intake.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Pooled pregnancy cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium with births from 1999 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 10 800 pregnant women in twenty-three cohorts with food frequency data on fish consumption; 12 646 from thirty-five cohorts with information on supplement use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 24·6 % reported consuming fish never or less than once per month, 40·1 % less than once a week, 22·1 % 1-2 times per week and 13·2 % more than twice per week. The relative risk (RR) of ever (<i>v</i>. never) consuming fish was higher in participants who were older (1·14, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·18 for 35-40 <i>v</i>. <29 years), were other than non-Hispanic White (1·13, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·18 for non-Hispanic Black; 1·05, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·10 for non-Hispanic Asian; 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·10 for Hispanic) or used tobacco (1·04, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·08). The RR was lower in those with overweight <i>v</i>. healthy weight (0·97, 95 % CI 0·95, 1·0). Only 16·2 % reported <i>n</i>-3 supplement use, which was more common among individuals with a higher age and education, a lower BMI, and fish consumption (RR 1·5, 95 % CI 1·23, 1·82 for twice-weekly <i>v</i>. never).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One-quarter of participants in this large nationwide dataset rarely or never consumed fish during pregnancy, and <i>n</i>-3 supplement use was uncommon, even among those who did not consume fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10993063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024000570
Mia Hadfield-Spoor, Mauricio Avendano, Rachel Loopstra
Objective: To explore relationships between disability, food insecurity (FI) and age and examine how socio-economic factors impact risk of FI among disabled people in working and older age.
Design: Logistic regression models used to analyse the contribution of socio-economic factors to gaps in risk of FI for disabled people. In models stratified into working and older age groups, differences in risk of FI for disabled and non-disabled people were examined by employment, education and assets.
Setting: England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2016 and 2018.
Participants: A representative sample of 6187 adults aged 16+, of whom 28 % were disabled, from the Food & You survey.
Results: The gap in FI risk by disability status decreased as age increased. For ages 25-34 for disabled v. non-disabled people, risk of FI was 31 % (95 % CI 21-41 %) v. 10 % (8-12 %); at ages 45 to 54, it was 18 % (11-23 %) v. 7 % (5-8 %), and at ages 75+, there was no gap in risk. Accounting for socio-economic variables halved the gap in risk among working ages. However, among working-age adults, FI among disabled people in full-time work was 15 % (11-20 %) compared with only 7 % (6-9 %) among non-disabled people in full-time work. Among older people, disabled people without savings were at higher risk of FI (5 % (3-7 %)) than non-disabled people without savings (2 % (1-3 %)) but having savings closed risk gap.
Conclusions: Socio-economic resources partially explain disparities in FI risk when disabled. Disparities remained for people in full-time work and among people without savings in older age.
目的探讨残疾、粮食不安全(FI)和年龄之间的关系,并研究社会经济因素如何影响工作年龄和老年残疾人的粮食不安全风险:设计:使用逻辑回归模型分析社会经济因素对残疾人食物无保障风险差距的影响。在按工作年龄组和老年年龄组分层的模型中,根据就业、教育和资产情况对残疾人和非残疾人的 FI 风险差异进行了研究:英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰,2016 年和 2018 年:来自 "食品与您 "调查的 6187 名 16 岁以上成年人的代表性样本,其中 28% 为残疾人:随着年龄的增长,按残疾状况划分的 FI 风险差距有所缩小。25-34 岁的残疾人与非残疾人相比,患 FI 的风险分别为 31% (95% CI: 21%-41%) 与 10% (8-12%);45-54 岁的残疾人与非残疾人相比,患 FI 的风险分别为 18% (11-23%) 与 7% (5-8%);75 岁以上的残疾人与非残疾人相比,患 FI 的风险没有差距。考虑到社会经济变量,工作年龄组的风险差距缩小了一半。然而,在工作年龄的成年人中,从事全职工作的残疾人的 FI 为 15%(11%-20%),而从事全职工作的非残疾人的 FI 仅为 7%(6%-9%)。在老年人中,没有储蓄的残疾人比没有储蓄的非残疾人面临更高的FI风险(5% (3-7%)),但有储蓄的人缩小了风险差距:结论:社会经济资源可以部分解释残障人士的 FI 风险差异。对于从事全职工作的人和没有储蓄的老年人来说,差距依然存在。
{"title":"Food insecurity and disability among working-age and older adults.","authors":"Mia Hadfield-Spoor, Mauricio Avendano, Rachel Loopstra","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024000570","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024000570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore relationships between disability, food insecurity (FI) and age and examine how socio-economic factors impact risk of FI among disabled people in working and older age.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Logistic regression models used to analyse the contribution of socio-economic factors to gaps in risk of FI for disabled people. In models stratified into working and older age groups, differences in risk of FI for disabled and non-disabled people were examined by employment, education and assets.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2016 and 2018.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A representative sample of 6187 adults aged 16+, of whom 28 % were disabled, from the Food & You survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The gap in FI risk by disability status decreased as age increased. For ages 25-34 for disabled <i>v</i>. non-disabled people, risk of FI was 31 % (95 % CI 21-41 %) <i>v</i>. 10 % (8-12 %); at ages 45 to 54, it was 18 % (11-23 %) <i>v</i>. 7 % (5-8 %), and at ages 75+, there was no gap in risk. Accounting for socio-economic variables halved the gap in risk among working ages. However, among working-age adults, FI among disabled people in full-time work was 15 % (11-20 %) compared with only 7 % (6-9 %) among non-disabled people in full-time work. Among older people, disabled people without savings were at higher risk of FI (5 % (3-7 %)) than non-disabled people without savings (2 % (1-3 %)) but having savings closed risk gap.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Socio-economic resources partially explain disparities in FI risk when disabled. Disparities remained for people in full-time work and among people without savings in older age.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}