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Prevalence and determinants of double and triple burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs in Malawi: a mapping and multilevel modelling study. 马拉维母婴营养不良双重和三重负担的普遍性和决定因素:绘图和多层次建模研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024002064
Jessie Jane Khaki, Peter M Macharia, Lenka Beňová, Emanuele Giorgi, Aline Semaan

Objective: To establish the prevalence of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and triple burden of malnutrition (TBM) among mother-child pairs in Malawi and explore their geographical distribution and associated multilevel factors.

Design: Cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey using a mixed effects binomial model to identify multilevel factors associated with DBM and TBM. Georeferenced covariates were used to map the predicted prevalence of DBM and TBM.

Setting: All 28 districts in Malawi.

Participants: Mother-child pairs with mothers aged 15 to 49 years and children aged below 59 months (n=4,618 pairs) for DBM and between 6 and 59 months (n=4,209 pairs) for TBM.

Results: Approximately 5.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7%, 6.4%] of mother-child pairs had DBM and 3.1% [95% CI: 2.5%, 4.0%] had TBM. The subnational-level prevalence of DBM and TBM was highest in cities. The adjusted odds of DBM were threefold higher [Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.3] with a higher proportion of wealthy households in a community. The adjusted odds of TBM were 60% lower [AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8] among pairs where the women had some education compared to women with no education.

Conclusions: Although the prevalence of DBM and TBM is currently low in Malawi, it is more prevalent in pairs with women with no education and in relatively wealthier communities. Targeted interventions should address both maternal overnutrition and child undernutrition in cities and these demographics.

目的确定马拉维母婴对中营养不良双重负担(DBM)和营养不良三重负担(TBM)的发生率,并探讨其地理分布和相关的多层次因素:横断面研究使用2015-16年马拉维人口与健康调查的二手数据,采用混合效应二项模型确定与DBM和TBM相关的多层次因素。使用地理参照协变量绘制DBM和TBM的预测流行率图:马拉维所有 28 个地区:母亲年龄在 15 至 49 岁之间、孩子年龄在 59 个月以下的母婴配对(4,618 对)为 DBM,年龄在 6 至 59 个月之间的母婴配对(4,209 对)为 TBM:约有 5.5% [95% 置信区间 (CI):4.7%, 6.4%]的母婴对患有 DBM,3.1% [95% CI:2.5%, 4.0%]的母婴对患有 TBM。DBM和TBM的次国家级流行率在城市中最高。社区中富裕家庭的比例越高,DBM 的调整后几率就高出三倍[调整后几率比,AOR:2.8,95% CI:1.1,7.3]。与未受过教育的妇女相比,受过一定教育的妇女的TBM调整后几率要低60%[AOR:0.4;95% CI:0.2,0.8]:尽管目前在马拉维,DBM 和 TBM 的发病率较低,但在未受过教育的妇女和相对富裕的社区中,DBM 和 TBM 的发病率较高。有针对性的干预措施应同时解决城市和这些人口群体中的产妇营养过剩和儿童营养不良问题。
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引用次数: 0
How do publicly procured school meals programmes in sub-Saharan Africa improve nutritional outcomes for children and adolescents: a mixed-methods systematic review. 撒哈拉以南非洲的政府采购校餐计划如何改善儿童和青少年的营养状况:混合方法系统综述。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001939
Julia Liguori, Hibbah Araba Osei-Kwasi, Mathilde Savy, Silver Nanema, Amos Laar, Michelle Holdsworth

Objective: This review aimed to (i) synthesise evidence of the impact of publicly procured school meals programmes on nutritional outcomes of children/adolescents (5-18 years) in sub-Saharan Africa and (ii) identify challenges and facilitators to implementing effective school meals programmes.

Design: Mixed-methods systematic review (n 7 databases). Nutritional outcomes assessed were anthropometrics (underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight/obesity), micronutrient deficiencies, food consumed and food environment. Qualitative findings were coded using a nine-step school food system framework: production of food, wholesale and trading, transportation and storage, processing and distribution, food preparation, distribution to students, student stakeholders, community involvement and infrastructure support.

Setting: Sub-Saharan Africa.

Participants: Children/adolescents (5-18 years), parents, school personnel and government officials.

Results: Thirty-three studies (twenty-six qualitative, seven quantitative) from nine sub-Saharan African countries were included. Six studies found a positive impact of publicly procured school meals programmes on nutritional outcomes (wasting (n 1), stunting (n 3), underweight (n 1), vitamin A intake (n 1) and dietary diversity (n 1)). Fifty-three implementation challenges were identified, particularly during food preparation (e.g. training, payment), distribution to students (e.g. meal quantity/quality/diversity, utensils) and infrastructure support (e.g. funding, monitoring, coordination). Implementation facilitators were identified (n 37) across processing and distribution (e.g. programme coordination), student stakeholders (e.g. food preferences, reduced stigma) and community involvement (e.g. engagement, positive perceptions). Included policy recommendations targeted wholesale and trading, food preparation, student stakeholders and infrastructure support in nine, fifteen and twenty-five studies, respectively.

Conclusions: As many challenges remain, strengthening implementation (and therefore the nutritional impact) of school meals programmes in sub-Saharan Africa requires bold commitment and improved coordination at multiple levels of governance.

目标:本综述旨在:(i) 综合撒哈拉以南非洲由政府采购的校餐计划对儿童/青少年(5-18 岁)营养成分影响的证据;(ii) 确定实施有效校餐计划所面临的挑战和促进因素:设计:混合方法系统综述(7 个数据库)。评估的营养结果包括人体测量(体重不足、发育迟缓、消瘦、超重/肥胖)、微量营养素缺乏症、摄入的食物和食物环境。定性研究结果采用九步学校食品系统框架进行编码:食品生产、批发和贸易、运输和储存、加工和分销、食品准备、向学生分销、学生利益相关者、社区参与和基础设施支持:环境:撒哈拉以南非洲:参与者:儿童/青少年(5-18 岁)、家长、学校工作人员和政府官员:结果:纳入了来自 9 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的 33 项研究(26 项定性研究,7 项定量研究)。六项研究发现,政府采购校餐计划对营养结果(消瘦(n 1)、发育迟缓(n 3)、体重不足(n 1)、维生素 A 摄入量(n 1)和膳食多样性(n 1))产生了积极影响。确定了 53 项实施挑战,特别是在食物准备(如培训、付款)、向学生分发(如膳食数量/质量/ 多样性、餐具)和基础设施支持(如资金、监测、协调)方面。在加工和分配(如计划协调)、学生利益相关者(如食物偏好、减少耻辱感)和社区参与(如参与、积极看法)方面,确定了实施促进因素(37 个)。在 9 项、15 项和 25 项研究中,政策建议分别针对批发和贸易、食品制作、学生利益相关者和基础设施支持:由于仍存在许多挑战,要加强撒哈拉以南非洲地区学校供餐计划的实施(并因此加强其营养影响),就需要在多个治理层面做出大胆承诺并加强协调。
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引用次数: 0
Nutritional value and environmental aspects of high-protein ultra-processed foods on the German market. 德国市场上高蛋白超加工食品的营养价值和环境问题。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001836
Jana Koop, Svenja Fedde, Franziska A Hägele, Christina Beunink, Manfred J Müller, Anja Bosy-Westphal

Objective: To compare nutritional value and aspects with environmental impact of high-protein (HP) and 'normal-protein' (NP) ultra-processed foods (UPF).

Design: 299 HP and 286 NP products were evaluated regarding aspects of nutritional value, energy density, Nutri-Score, number of additives as well as hyper-palatability and price. Environmental impact of HP UPF was addressed by analysing protein sources and the use of environmentally persistent non-nutritive artificial sweeteners.

Setting: Cross-sectional market analysis in German supermarkets and online shops.

Participants: 299 HP and 286 NP UPF products.

Results: HP compared to NP UPF had a lower energy density, a lower content of sugar, total and saturated fat, whereas fibre and protein content (62·2 % animal protein) were higher (all P < 0·001). HP products therefore had a higher prevalence of Nutri-Score A (67·2 % v. 21·7 %) and a lower prevalence of Nutri-Score E (0·3 % v. 11·2 %) labelling (both P < 0·001). By contrast, salt content and the number of additives (environmentally persistent sweeteners, sugar alcohols, flavourings) were higher in HP compared to NP UPF (P < 0·001). When compared to HP products, twice as many NP were identified as hyper-palatable (82·5 % v. 40·5 %; P < 0·001). The price of HP was on average 132 % higher compared to NP UPF (P < 0·001).

Conclusions: While major adverse aspects of UPF regarding nutritional profile and hyper-palatability are less pronounced in HP compared to NP products, higher salt content, increased number of additives and negative environmental effects from frequent use of animal protein and environmentally persistent sweeteners are major drawbacks of HP UPF.

目的比较高蛋白(HP)和 "正常蛋白"(NP)超加工食品(UPF)的营养价值和对环境的影响。设计:对 299 种高蛋白和 286 种正常蛋白产品的营养价值、能量密度、Nutri-Score、添加剂数量以及超适口性和价格进行评估。通过分析蛋白质来源和环境持久性非营养性人工甜味剂的使用情况,探讨了 HP UPF 对环境的影响:参与者:299 种 HP UPF 和 286 种 NP UPF 产品:与 NP UPF 相比,HP 的能量密度较低,糖、总脂肪和饱和脂肪含量较低,而纤维和蛋白质含量(62-2 % 动物蛋白)较高(所有 P < 0-001)。因此,HP 产品的营养成分 A 级(67-2% 对 21-7%)和营养成分 E 级(0-3% 对 11-2%)标签的普及率较高(均为 P < 0-001)。相比之下,HP与NP UPF相比,盐含量和添加剂(环境持久性甜味剂、糖醇、调味剂)的数量更高(P < 0-001)。与 HP 产品相比,两倍的 NP 产品被认定为超美味(82-5 % 对 40-5 %;P < 0-001)。与NP UPF相比,HP的价格平均高出132%(P < 0-001):虽然与非营利性产品相比,惠普 UPF 在营养成分和过度适口性方面的主要不利因素不太明显,但惠普 UPF 的主要缺点是含盐量较高、添加剂数量增加以及频繁使用动物蛋白和环境持久性甜味剂对环境造成的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of a counselling intervention on nutrition practices among caregivers of children under two in the Kyrgyz Republic. 咨询干预对吉尔吉斯共和国两岁以下儿童照料者营养做法的影响。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001307
Aida Abdyldaeva, Nazgul Abazbekova, Aisuluu Abakirova, Tim Williams, Marie Paul Nisingizwe, Silvia Alayon, Jennifer Yourkavitch

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a counselling programme to strengthen the health and nutrition behaviours of caregivers of children under 2 and the sustainability of that impact through reduced intervention intensity one year later.

Design: The programme trained community- and facility-based health staff to provide nutrition counselling. We conducted an impact evaluation with a modified stepped-wedge design using difference-in-differences analysis to compare indicator changes in an intervention group to a comparison group (midterm survey) and then a full intervention group to a light intervention group (final survey).

Setting: Batken and Jalal-Abad oblasts, the Kyrgyz Republic, 2020-2023.

Participants: Caregivers of children under 2 provided 6253 responses in three telephone surveys.

Results: We observed statistically significant differences between the intervention and comparison groups at midterm for the percentage of children consuming vitamin A-rich foods; an increase in the intervention group (58-62 %) and a decrease in the comparison group (61-57 %). We observed similar results with exclusive breastfeeding (51-55 % in the intervention group and 48-40 % in the comparison group). There were also positive differences in other health and nutrition indicators. With the final survey results, in general, we observed statistically significant differences indicating a bigger change in full intervention areas compared to light intervention areas. We observed small negative changes in many indicators in light intervention areas.

Conclusions: This evaluation highlights the importance of continued support for local interventions, particularly counselling programmes, to foster optimal nutrition behaviours.

目的评估一项旨在加强 2 岁以下儿童看护者的健康和营养行为的咨询计划的影响,以及一年后通过降低干预强度来评估该影响的可持续性:该计划培训社区和医疗机构的医务人员提供营养咨询。我们采用改良的阶梯式楔形设计进行了影响评估,利用差异分析比较了干预组和对比组(中期调查)的指标变化,然后比较了全面干预组和轻度干预组(最终调查)的指标变化:2020-2023 年,吉尔吉斯共和国巴特肯州和贾拉拉巴德州:2岁以下儿童的照顾者在三次电话调查中提供了6253份回复:在中期调查中,我们观察到干预组和对比组在食用富含维生素 A 的食物的儿童比例上存在明显差异;干预组的比例上升(58-62%),而对比组的比例下降(61-57%)。在纯母乳喂养方面,我们也观察到了类似的结果(干预组为 51-55%,对比组为 48-40%)。其他健康和营养指标也出现了积极的差异。在最终调查结果中,我们注意到,总体而言,统计上的显著差异表明,与轻度干预地区相比,全面干预地区的变化更大。我们注意到,在轻度干预地区,许多指标都出现了微小的负面变化:这项评估强调了继续支持地方干预措施(尤其是咨询计划)以促进最佳营养行为的重要性。
{"title":"The impact of a counselling intervention on nutrition practices among caregivers of children under two in the Kyrgyz Republic.","authors":"Aida Abdyldaeva, Nazgul Abazbekova, Aisuluu Abakirova, Tim Williams, Marie Paul Nisingizwe, Silvia Alayon, Jennifer Yourkavitch","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024001307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of a counselling programme to strengthen the health and nutrition behaviours of caregivers of children under 2 and the sustainability of that impact through reduced intervention intensity one year later.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The programme trained community- and facility-based health staff to provide nutrition counselling. We conducted an impact evaluation with a modified stepped-wedge design using difference-in-differences analysis to compare indicator changes in an intervention group to a comparison group (midterm survey) and then a full intervention group to a light intervention group (final survey).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Batken and Jalal-Abad oblasts, the Kyrgyz Republic, 2020-2023.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Caregivers of children under 2 provided 6253 responses in three telephone surveys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed statistically significant differences between the intervention and comparison groups at midterm for the percentage of children consuming vitamin A-rich foods; an increase in the intervention group (58-62 %) and a decrease in the comparison group (61-57 %). We observed similar results with exclusive breastfeeding (51-55 % in the intervention group and 48-40 % in the comparison group). There were also positive differences in other health and nutrition indicators. With the final survey results, in general, we observed statistically significant differences indicating a bigger change in full intervention areas compared to light intervention areas. We observed small negative changes in many indicators in light intervention areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This evaluation highlights the importance of continued support for local interventions, particularly counselling programmes, to foster optimal nutrition behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Food group intakes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among community-dwelling Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study. 社区居住的日本成年人的食物组摄入量和高敏 C 反应蛋白:一项横断面研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001599
Takashi Matsunaga, Kenji Wakai, Nahomi Imaeda, Chiho Goto, Yudai Tamada, Yasufumi Kato, Yoko Kubo, Rieko Okada, Mako Nagayoshi, Takashi Tamura, Asahi Hishida, Hiroaki Ikezaki, Jun Otonari, Naoyuki Takashima, Naoko Miyagawa, Keitaro Matsuo

Objective: Healthy dietary patterns have been linked to lower levels of chronic inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between food group intakes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) among community-dwelling adults.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Three areas in Japan (Shiga, Fukuoka, or Kyushu and Okinawa).

Participants: The present analysis included 13 648 participants (5126 males and 8522 females; age range, 35-69 years) who had been enrolled in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Food group intakes were estimated using a FFQ. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between the quartiles of each energy-adjusted food group intake and log-transformed hsCRP.

Results: The following concentration ratios of hsCRP after comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of food group intake were significant: in males, 1·12 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·22) for processed meat, 1·13 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·24) for fish and 0·83 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·90) for nuts; in females, 0·89 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·97) for bread, 1·11 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·19) for processed meat, 0·86 (95 % CI 0·80, 0·92) for vegetables, 1·19 (95 % CI 1·11, 1·29) for fruit, 0·90 (95 % CI 0·84, 0·97) for nuts and 0·88 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·95) for green tea.

Conclusions: Processed meat and nut intakes were associated with higher and lower hsCRP levels, respectively, in both sexes. However, for several food groups, including fish and fruit, previous findings from dietary pattern analyses were not supported by the present analyses at the food group level.

目的:健康的饮食模式与较低的慢性炎症水平有关。本研究旨在调查社区成年人的食物组摄入量与高敏 C 反应蛋白(hsCRP)之间的关系:设计:横断面:地点:日本三个地区(滋贺、福冈、九州和冲绳):本次分析包括 13 648 名参加日本多机构合作队列研究基线调查的参与者(男性 5126 人,女性 8522 人;年龄范围为 35-69 岁)。食物组摄入量是通过 FFQ 估算的。采用多元线性回归法研究了各能量调整后食物组摄入量的四分位数与对数转换后的 hsCRP 之间的关系:结果:比较食物组摄入量的最高和最低四分位数后,下列 hsCRP 浓度比值显著:在男性中,加工肉类为 1-12 (95 % CI 1-02, 1-22), 鱼类为 1-13 (95 % CI 1-03, 1-24), 坚果为 0-83 (95 % CI 0-76, 0-90);在女性中,面包为 0-89(95 % CI 0-81,0-97),加工肉类为 1-11(95 % CI 1-03,1-19),蔬菜为 0-86(95 % CI 0-80,0-92),水果为 1-19(95 % CI 1-11,1-29),坚果为 0-90(95 % CI 0-84,0-97),绿茶为 0-88(95 % CI 0-82,0-95)。结论加工肉类和坚果的摄入量分别与男女性较高和较低的 hsCRP 水平有关。然而,对于包括鱼和水果在内的几种食物组,以前的膳食模式分析结果并没有得到本次食物组分析结果的支持。
{"title":"Food group intakes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among community-dwelling Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Takashi Matsunaga, Kenji Wakai, Nahomi Imaeda, Chiho Goto, Yudai Tamada, Yasufumi Kato, Yoko Kubo, Rieko Okada, Mako Nagayoshi, Takashi Tamura, Asahi Hishida, Hiroaki Ikezaki, Jun Otonari, Naoyuki Takashima, Naoko Miyagawa, Keitaro Matsuo","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001599","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Healthy dietary patterns have been linked to lower levels of chronic inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between food group intakes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) among community-dwelling adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three areas in Japan (Shiga, Fukuoka, or Kyushu and Okinawa).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The present analysis included 13 648 participants (5126 males and 8522 females; age range, 35-69 years) who had been enrolled in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Food group intakes were estimated using a FFQ. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between the quartiles of each energy-adjusted food group intake and log-transformed hsCRP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following concentration ratios of hsCRP after comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of food group intake were significant: in males, 1·12 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·22) for processed meat, 1·13 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·24) for fish and 0·83 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·90) for nuts; in females, 0·89 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·97) for bread, 1·11 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·19) for processed meat, 0·86 (95 % CI 0·80, 0·92) for vegetables, 1·19 (95 % CI 1·11, 1·29) for fruit, 0·90 (95 % CI 0·84, 0·97) for nuts and 0·88 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·95) for green tea.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Processed meat and nut intakes were associated with higher and lower hsCRP levels, respectively, in both sexes. However, for several food groups, including fish and fruit, previous findings from dietary pattern analyses were not supported by the present analyses at the food group level.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disclosure of mandatory and voluntary nutrition labelling information across major online food retailers in the USA. 美国主要在线食品零售商的强制性和自愿性营养标签信息披露。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001289
Julia Reedy Sharib, Jennifer L Pomeranz, Dariush Mozaffarian, Sean B Cash

Objective: Nutrition labelling is mandatory on food products in retail stores, but compliance in the rapidly expanding online setting remains unclear. We assessed mandatory and voluntary labelling information across major U.S. online retailers.

Design: Between January and August 2022, we evaluated a representative basket of sixty food and beverage items across eight product categories of ten major retailers. We evaluated online presence, accessibility and legibility of four mandatory elements - Nutrition Facts, ingredients, allergen statements and percent juice for fruit drinks - and presence of seven voluntary elements - nutrient content claims, health/qualified health claims, ingredient claims, structure-function claims, additive claims, front-of-package nutrient profiling symbols and other marketing claims.

Setting: Major online food retailers in the USA.

Participants: N/A.

Results: On average, each mandatory element was present, accessible and legible for only 35·1 % of items, varying modestly by element (from 38·3 % for ingredients lists to 31·5 % for Nutrition Facts) but widely by retailer (6·6-86·3 %). Voluntary elements were present for 45·8 % of items, ranging from 83·7 % for marketing claims to 2·0 % for structure-function claims. Findings were generally consistent across the eight product categories. Voluntary elements were more frequently present than accessible and legible mandatory elements for six of ten retailers and seven of eight product categories.

Conclusions: Mandatory nutrition label elements are not commonly present, accessible and legible in online retail settings and are less consistently present than marketing elements. Coordinated industry and regulatory actions may be needed to ensure consumers can access mandatory nutrition information to make healthy and safe food choices online.

目的:零售店的食品必须标注营养标签,但在快速发展的网络环境中,食品营养标签的合规性仍不明确。我们对美国主要在线零售商的强制性和自愿性标签信息进行了评估:设计:2022 年 1 月至 8 月间,我们对 10 家主要零售商的 8 个产品类别中具有代表性的 60 种食品和饮料进行了评估。我们评估了四个强制性要素--营养成分、配料、过敏原声明和果汁饮料的果汁百分比--以及七个自愿性要素--营养成分声明、健康/合格健康声明、配料声明、结构功能声明、添加剂声明、包装前营养成分剖析符号和其他营销声明--的在线存在、可访问性和可读性:调查对象:美国主要的在线食品零售商:结果平均而言,只有 35-1% 的商品存在、可获取和可读的每个强制性元素,不同元素之间的差异不大(从配料表的 38-3% 到营养成分表的 31-5%),但不同零售商之间的差异很大(6-6-86-3%)。45-8%的产品含有自愿成分,其中营销声称占 83-7%,结构功能声称占 2-0%。八个产品类别的调查结果基本一致。在 10 个零售商中的 6 个和 8 个产品类别中的 7 个中,自愿性元素比易懂易读的强制性元素更常见:结论:在网上零售环境中,强制性营养标签元素并不普遍存在,也不容易获取和辨认,而且与营销元素相比,其存在的一致性较低。可能需要协调行业和监管部门的行动,以确保消费者能够获取强制性营养信息,从而在网上做出健康安全的食品选择。
{"title":"Disclosure of mandatory and voluntary nutrition labelling information across major online food retailers in the USA.","authors":"Julia Reedy Sharib, Jennifer L Pomeranz, Dariush Mozaffarian, Sean B Cash","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024001289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nutrition labelling is mandatory on food products in retail stores, but compliance in the rapidly expanding online setting remains unclear. We assessed mandatory and voluntary labelling information across major U.S. online retailers.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Between January and August 2022, we evaluated a representative basket of sixty food and beverage items across eight product categories of ten major retailers. We evaluated online presence, accessibility and legibility of four mandatory elements - Nutrition Facts, ingredients, allergen statements and percent juice for fruit drinks - and presence of seven voluntary elements - nutrient content claims, health/qualified health claims, ingredient claims, structure-function claims, additive claims, front-of-package nutrient profiling symbols and other marketing claims.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Major online food retailers in the USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>N/A.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, each mandatory element was present, accessible and legible for only 35·1 % of items, varying modestly by element (from 38·3 % for ingredients lists to 31·5 % for Nutrition Facts) but widely by retailer (6·6-86·3 %). Voluntary elements were present for 45·8 % of items, ranging from 83·7 % for marketing claims to 2·0 % for structure-function claims. Findings were generally consistent across the eight product categories. Voluntary elements were more frequently present than accessible and legible mandatory elements for six of ten retailers and seven of eight product categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mandatory nutrition label elements are not commonly present, accessible and legible in online retail settings and are less consistently present than marketing elements. Coordinated industry and regulatory actions may be needed to ensure consumers can access mandatory nutrition information to make healthy and safe food choices online.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of Chinese dietary patterns and their relationships with health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 中国人的膳食模式及其与健康结果的关系:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001927
Xue Feng Hu, Rui Zhang, Hing Man Chan

Objective: China has been undergoing a rapid nutrition transition in the past few decades. This review aims to characterise commonly reported dietary patterns in Chinese populations and their associations with health outcomes.

Design: We searched PubMed, Embase and CNKI from inception to June 2020 to identify observational studies reporting dietary patterns or the associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes. Information regarding dietary patterns, their association with health outcomes and other related items was collected.

Setting: Chinese population and Chinese immigrants.

Participants: Not applicable.

Results: Results from 130 studies with over 900 000 participants were included. Six dietary patterns were identified: traditional whole-grain diet (Traditional WG), traditional non-whole-grain diet (Traditional NWG), plant-based diet (Plant-based), animal food diet (Animal-food), Western energy-dense diet (Western) and other unclassified diets (Unclassified). The Plant-based diet was associated with a reduced risk of CVD and cancer from prospective studies, reduced risk of diabetes, hypertension, cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms from all study designs. The Traditional WG diet was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes and hypertension. Animal-food diet is associated with a range of metabolic diseases, and Western diet was associated with increased risks of obesity and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: Multiple dietary patterns identified reflect the diversity and transitioning of the Chinese diet. A healthy Chinese diet, comprising both the Traditional WG and Plant-based diets, was associated with reduced risks of specific undesirable health outcomes. Promoting this healthy diet will improve public health among the Chinese populations.

目的:中国在过去几十年中经历了快速的营养转型。本综述旨在描述中国人群中常见的膳食模式及其与健康结果的关系:设计:我们检索了 PubMed、Embase 和 CNKI 从开始到 2020 年 6 月的资料,以确定报道膳食模式或膳食模式与健康结果之间关系的观察性研究。收集了有关膳食模式、膳食模式与健康结果的关系及其他相关项目的信息:环境:中国人口和中国移民:结果结果:纳入了 130 项研究的结果,参与者超过 900 000 人。确定了六种膳食模式:传统全麦膳食(Traditional WG)、传统非全麦膳食(Traditional NWG)、植物性膳食(Plant-based diet)、动物性膳食(Animal-food)、西方高能量膳食(Western)和其他未分类膳食(Unclassified)。在前瞻性研究中,植物性饮食与心血管疾病和癌症风险的降低有关;在所有研究设计中,植物性饮食与糖尿病、高血压、认知障碍和抑郁症状风险的降低有关。传统 WG 饮食与糖尿病和高血压风险降低有关。动物性食物饮食与一系列代谢性疾病有关,而西式饮食与肥胖和抑郁症状风险增加有关:结论:所发现的多种膳食模式反映了中国人膳食的多样性和过渡性。由传统 WG 饮食和植物性饮食组成的健康中式饮食与特定不良健康后果风险的降低有关。推广这种健康饮食将改善中国人的公共健康。
{"title":"Identification of Chinese dietary patterns and their relationships with health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xue Feng Hu, Rui Zhang, Hing Man Chan","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001927","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>China has been undergoing a rapid nutrition transition in the past few decades. This review aims to characterise commonly reported dietary patterns in Chinese populations and their associations with health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase and CNKI from inception to June 2020 to identify observational studies reporting dietary patterns or the associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes. Information regarding dietary patterns, their association with health outcomes and other related items was collected.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Chinese population and Chinese immigrants.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from 130 studies with over 900 000 participants were included. Six dietary patterns were identified: traditional whole-grain diet (Traditional WG), traditional non-whole-grain diet (Traditional NWG), plant-based diet (Plant-based), animal food diet (Animal-food), Western energy-dense diet (Western) and other unclassified diets (Unclassified). The Plant-based diet was associated with a reduced risk of CVD and cancer from prospective studies, reduced risk of diabetes, hypertension, cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms from all study designs. The Traditional WG diet was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes and hypertension. Animal-food diet is associated with a range of metabolic diseases, and Western diet was associated with increased risks of obesity and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple dietary patterns identified reflect the diversity and transitioning of the Chinese diet. A healthy Chinese diet, comprising both the Traditional WG and Plant-based diets, was associated with reduced risks of specific undesirable health outcomes. Promoting this healthy diet will improve public health among the Chinese populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Associations between exposure to advertising of foods high in fats, salt and sugar and purchase of energy and nutrients: a cross-sectional study. 接触高脂肪、高盐和高糖食品广告与购买能量和营养素之间的关系:一项横断面研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001757
Amy Heather Finlay, Andrew Jones, Steven Cummins, Amy Yau, Laura Cornelsen, Eric Robinson, Emma Boyland

Objective: To assess associations between self-reported advertising exposure to foods high in fats, salt and sugar and household purchases of energy, nutrients and specific product categories.

Design: A cross-sectional design was used. Advertising exposure data were gathered using a questionnaire administered to the main shopper of each household, and purchase data from supermarkets and other stores for these households were accessed for a 4-week period during February 2019.

Setting: Households in London and the North of England.

Participants: Representative households (N 1289) from the Kantar Fast Moving Consumer Goods Panel. Main shoppers were predominantly female (71 %), with a mean age of 54 years (±13).

Results: Linear regression models identified that exposure to foods high in fats, salt and sugar advertising through traditional mediums (including broadcast and print), but not digital, transport, recreational or functional mediums, was associated with greater purchases of energy (9779 kcal; 95 % CI 3515, 16 043), protein (416 g; 95 % CI 161, 671), carbohydrate (1164 g; 95 % CI 368, 1886) and sugar (514 g; 95 % CI 187, 841). Generalised linear models showed that individuals who reported exposure to sugary drink advertising were more likely to purchase sugary drinks (1·16; 95 % CI 2·94, 4·99) but did not purchase more energy or nutrients from sugary drinks. There was no evidence of associations between exposure to advertising for sugary cereals or sweet snacks and purchases from these categories.

Conclusions: There was a strong influence of traditional advertising and sugar-sweetened beverage advertising on household food and drink purchases, thus supporting the need for advertising restrictions across traditional formats and for sugary drinks specifically.

目的评估自我报告的高脂肪、高盐和高糖食品广告曝光量与家庭购买能量、营养素和特定产品类别之间的关联:设计:采用横断面设计。通过向每个家庭的主要购物者发放问卷收集广告曝光数据,并在2019年2月期间从超市和其他商店获取这些家庭为期4周的购买数据:伦敦和英格兰北部的家庭:来自 Kantar 快速消费品小组的代表性家庭(N 1289)。主要购物者以女性为主(71%),平均年龄为 54 岁(±13)岁:线性回归模型表明,通过传统媒体(包括广播和印刷媒体)而非数字、交通、娱乐或功能性媒体接触高脂肪、高盐和高糖食品广告,与购买更多能量(9779 千卡;95 % CI 3515,16 043)、蛋白质(416 克;95 % CI 161,671)、碳水化合物(1164 克;95 % CI 368,1886)和糖(514 克;95 % CI 187,841)有关。广义线性模型显示,报告接触过含糖饮料广告的人更有可能购买含糖饮料(1-16;95 % CI 2-94,4-99),但不会从含糖饮料中购买更多的能量或营养素。没有证据表明接触含糖谷物或甜味零食广告与购买这些类别的产品之间存在关联:传统广告和含糖饮料广告对家庭食品和饮料购买有很大影响,因此有必要对各种传统形式的广告和含糖饮料广告加以限制。
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引用次数: 0
Food choice, embodied knowledge and circumscribed agency: factors influencing adolescent girls' and boys' dietary practices in three states in northern Nigeria. 食物选择、体现的知识和被限制的机构:影响尼日利亚北部三个州男女青少年饮食习惯的因素。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001460
Abigail Conrad, Akriti Singh, Sharmila Mysore, Stanley Nwosu, Michael Daniel Eveshoyan, Usman Ibraheem

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore adolescent dietary practices, related norms and acceptable communication platforms in northern Nigeria to inform future nutrition project design.

Design: This was a qualitative formative research study. We used purposive sampling and conducted thirty focus group discussions with male and female adolescents aged 10-14 and 15-19 years (n 180) and six with adult influencers (n 36). We also administered a 24-h dietary recall with the adolescents using the Diet Quality Questionnaire.

Setting: The study was conducted in urban and rural areas in three states in northern Nigeria.

Results: Adolescents reported consuming six nutritious food groups the previous day on average. However, there was a wide disparity and only half consumed all five recommended food groups. Adolescents' food choices were influenced by perceptions of the functional and physical benefits of nutritious foods and preferences for satisfying foods. Diverse foods were available in the food environment, but affordability constrained access to nutritious foods. Limited access to income and gender norms constrained adolescent agency over food choice. Girls, particularly those who were pregnant, had less agency related to food than boys. Adolescents thought that peers should be reached through group discussions, radio and phones, among other communication platforms.

Conclusions: Adolescents consumed relatively diverse diets. Adolescent food choice was influenced by their embodied experience and knowledge related to nutrition and taste, home food environment and circumscribed agency. Opportunities exist to support healthy diets for adolescents by strengthening adolescents' embodied knowledge, food environments and social support.

研究目的本研究旨在探讨尼日利亚北部青少年的饮食习惯、相关规范和可接受的交流平台,为今后的营养项目设计提供参考:设计:这是一项定性形成性研究。我们采用目的取样法,与年龄分别为 10-14 岁和 15-19 岁的男女青少年(180 人)进行了 30 次焦点小组讨论,并与成人影响者(36 人)进行了 6 次讨论。我们还使用饮食质量问卷对青少年进行了 24 小时饮食回忆:研究在尼日利亚北部三个州的城市和农村地区进行:青少年表示前一天平均摄入了六类营养食品。但是,两者之间的差异很大,只有一半的青少年摄入了所有推荐的五类食物。影响青少年食物选择的因素包括对营养食品的功能和身体益处的认识,以及对令人满意的食物的偏好。食物环境中提供了多种多样的食物,但经济能力限制了营养食物的获得。收入有限和性别规范限制了青少年对食物的选择权。与男孩相比,女孩,尤其是怀孕的女孩,对食物的选择权更小。青少年认为,应通过小组讨论、广播和电话等交流平台向同伴进行宣传:结论:青少年的饮食相对多样化。青少年对食物的选择受到他们与营养和口味相关的经验和知识、家庭饮食环境以及被限制的主观能动性的影响。通过加强青少年的体现知识、食品环境和社会支持,为青少年的健康饮食提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Reduced red and processed meat consumption is associated with lower diet costs in US households: a national analysis of protein substitutions. 美国家庭减少食用红肉和加工肉类与降低饮食成本有关:对蛋白质替代品的全国性分析。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001897
Dania Orta-Aleman, Andrew L Thorne-Lyman, Roni Neff, Julia Wolfson, Laura E Caulfield

Objective: To examine the association between red and processed meat consumption and total food expenditures in US households and explore whether households could reduce food costs by substituting these meats with other protein sources such as poultry, seafood, eggs and plant proteins.

Design: Cross-sectional study using data from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS). Using adult male equivalents (AME) for standardisation, we categorised red and processed meat purchases into quintiles. We used generalised linear models to explore the association between red or processed meat consumption and food expenditures and the cost effect of substituting meat with other proteins.

Setting: United States.

Participants: Data from 4739 households with valid acquisition information from FoodAPS, a stratified multistage probability sample of US households.

Results: Higher red and processed meat consumption were both significantly associated with higher total weekly food expenditures, particularly among households with low income. Substituting red or processed meat with poultry, eggs or plant proteins did not significantly affect overall food expenditures, whereas replacing meat with seafood, especially varieties high in n-3 fatty acids, led to increased costs.

Conclusions: Reducing red and processed meat consumption could offer savings for households, particularly those with low income. Although substitutions with seafood high in n-3 could increase expenses, alternative protein sources like poultry and plant proteins may serve as cost-neutral replacements. Public health strategies should emphasise dietary shifts' economic, health and environmental benefits and aim to make nutritious yet affordable protein sources more accessible.

目的:研究美国家庭的红肉和加工肉类消费与食品总支出之间的关系,并探讨家庭是否可以通过用家禽、海鲜、鸡蛋和植物蛋白等其他蛋白质来源替代这些肉类来降低食品成本:设计:横断面研究,使用全国家庭食品获取和购买调查(FoodAPS)的数据。我们使用成年男性当量(AME)进行标准化,将红肉和加工肉类的购买量分为五等分。我们使用广义线性模型来探讨红肉或加工肉类消费与食品支出之间的关系,以及用其他蛋白质替代肉类的成本影响:背景:美国:数据来自美国家庭分层多级概率抽样 FoodAPS 的 4739 个家庭,这些家庭均提供了有效的获取信息:较高的红肉和加工肉类消费量均与较高的每周食品总支出显著相关,尤其是在低收入家庭中。用家禽、鸡蛋或植物蛋白替代红肉或加工肉类对总食品支出没有明显影响,而用海产品,尤其是富含 n-3 脂肪酸的海产品替代肉类则会导致成本增加:减少红肉和加工肉类的消费可以为家庭,尤其是低收入家庭节省开支。虽然用富含 n-3 脂肪酸的海产品替代肉类可能会增加支出,但家禽和植物蛋白等替代蛋白质来源可作为不增加成本的替代品。公共卫生战略应强调膳食转变在经济、健康和环境方面的益处,旨在使人们更容易获得营养丰富但价格低廉的蛋白质来源。
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引用次数: 0
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