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Teacher perspectives on the socio-ecological barriers and enablers to food and nutrition education in primary schools: a scoping review. 教师对小学食品与营养教育的社会生态障碍和促进因素的看法:范围界定审查。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001812
Emma K Esdaile, Lee Wharton, Helen Vidgen, Danielle Gallegos

Objective: Schools are identified as a setting for food and nutrition education (FNE) in childhood. FNE is a key strategy to optimise child growth and development and impart life-long food skills. There is limited synthesis of the literature to understand the socio-ecological determinants of teachers and schools engaging in FNE.

Design: For this scoping review, five databases (APA PsycInfo, ERIC, Medline, CINAHL and Scopus) were searched using the terms (and synonyms for) primary school teacher, self-efficacy and food and nutrition. A quality assessment using relevant Johanna Briggs tools was carried out for the included papers. Data were extracted using a modified socio-ecological model, and narrative themes were identified.

Setting: Primary (elementary) schools in high-income countries.

Participants: Primary-school teachers.

Results: Forty-one papers were included in this review from ten countries (predominantly the USA). The narrative synthesis identified five themes that interact with teacher delivery of FNE. These were (i) perceived food and nutrition responsibilities of teachers, (ii) teacher beliefs and self-efficacy, (iii) opportunities to build teacher nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy, (iv) interpersonal contributors and (v) broader environmental, structural and policy contributors.

Conclusions: Multiple strategies are needed to build the capacity of teachers to undertake FNE within primary school settings. These strategies include a focus on learner-centred education that will build teacher agency, school leadership, ensuring the health and well-being of teachers and providing initial teacher education as well as innovative professional development for cross-curriculum integration. Strategies drawing from each level of the socio-ecological framework will increase opportunities for capacity building.

目标:学校被视为儿童食品与营养教育(FNE)的场所。FNE 是优化儿童生长发育和传授终身饮食技能的关键策略。在了解教师和学校开展 FNE 的社会生态决定因素方面,文献综述十分有限:本次范围界定综述使用小学教师、自我效能、食品与营养等术语(及同义词)检索了五个数据库(APA PsycInfo、ERIC、Medline、CINAHL 和 Scopus)。使用相关的约翰娜-布里格斯工具对收录的论文进行了质量评估。采用修改后的社会生态模型提取数据,并确定叙述性主题:参与者:小学教师:结果本综述收录了来自 10 个国家(主要是美国)的 41 篇论文。叙事综述确定了五个与教师实施家庭教育相互影响的主题。这五个主题分别是:(i) 教师对食物与营养的责任认知;(ii) 教师的信念和自我效能;(iii) 培养教师营养知识和自我效能的机会;(iv) 人际因素;(v) 更广泛的环境、结构和政策因素:需要采取多种策略,提高教师在小学环境中开展营养与健康教育的能力。这些策略包括:注重以学习者为中心的教育,培养教师的能动性;发挥学校的领导作用;确保教师的健康和福祉;提供初始师范教育以及跨课程整合的创新性专业发展。从社会生态框架的各个层面汲取的战略将增加能力建设的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Authors' response to the letter entitled 'zero value-added tax on fruit and vegetables: beyond health and fiscal standards'. 作者对题为 "对水果和蔬菜征收零增值税:超越健康和财政标准 "的信件的回复。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001629
Luc L Hagenaars, Tera L Fazzino, Joreintje D Mackenbach
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引用次数: 0
The effect of the implementation of the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes on child mortality in Ghana and Tanzania. 实施母乳代用品国际销售守则对加纳和坦桑尼亚儿童死亡率的影响。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001526
Juliana Lima Constantino, Stefan Pichler, Lybrich Kramer, Regien Biesma

Objective: The International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes is an important instrument to protect and promote appropriate infant and young child feeding and the safe use of commercial milk formulas. Ghana and Tanzania implemented the Code into national legislation in 2000 and 1994, respectively. We aimed to estimate the effects of the Code implementation on child mortality (CM) in both countries.

Setting: The countries analysed were Ghana and Tanzania.

Participants: For CM and HIV rates, data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation from up to 2019 were used. Data for income and skilled birth rates were retrieved from the World Bank, for fertility from the World Population Prospects, for vaccination from the Global Health Observatory and for employment from the International Labour Organization.

Design: We used the synthetic control group method and performed placebo tests to assess statistical inference. The primary outcomes were CM by lower respiratory infections, mainly pneumonia, and diarrhoea and the secondary outcome was overall CM.

Results: One-sided inference tests showed statistically significant treatment effects for child deaths by lower respiratory infections in Ghana (P = 0·0476) and Tanzania (P = 0·0476) and for diarrhoea in Tanzania (P = 0·0476). More restrictive two-sided inference tests showed a statistically significant treatment effect for child deaths by lower respiratory infections in Ghana (P = 0·0476). No statistically significant results were found for overall CM.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the implementation of the Code in both countries had a potentially beneficial effect on CM due to infectious diseases; however, further research is needed to corroborate these findings.

目标:国际母乳代用品销售守则》是保护和促进适当喂养婴幼儿以及安全使用商业配方奶粉的重要文书。加纳和坦桑尼亚分别于 2000 年和 1994 年将该守则纳入国家立法。我们的目的是估算《规范》的实施对两国儿童死亡率(CM)的影响:分析国家为加纳和坦桑尼亚:关于儿童死亡率和艾滋病毒感染率,我们使用了卫生计量与评估研究所提供的截至 2019 年的数据。收入和熟练生育率数据来自世界银行,生育率数据来自《世界人口前景》,疫苗接种数据来自全球健康观察站,就业数据来自国际劳工组织:我们采用了合成对照组法,并进行了安慰剂测试以评估统计推论。主要结果是由下呼吸道感染(主要是肺炎)和腹泻引起的中风,次要结果是总体中风:单侧推断检验显示,在加纳(P = 0-0476)和坦桑尼亚(P = 0-0476),因下呼吸道感染导致的儿童死亡以及在坦桑尼亚(P = 0-0476)因腹泻导致的儿童死亡的治疗效果具有统计学意义。更具限制性的双侧推断检验表明,在加纳,因下呼吸道感染导致的儿童死亡具有显著的治疗效果(P = 0-0476)。在总体儿童死亡率方面,没有发现具有统计学意义的结果:结果表明,在这两个国家实施《规范》对传染病导致的儿童死亡率有潜在的有益影响;但是,还需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。
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引用次数: 0
Association between dietary intake of carotenoids and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-March 2020. 美国成年人类胡萝卜素膳食摄入量与代谢功能障碍相关脂肪肝之间的关系:2017年至2020年3月全国健康与营养调查。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001502
Jiahui Yu, Peisen Guo

Objective: To assess the relationship between dietary intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein+zeaxanthin (LZ) and occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Design: Cross-sectional study design. The MAFLD diagnosis was based on hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysregulation. Carotenoid intake was adjusted for using an energy-adjusted model. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to assess the relationships, with sensitivity analysis to validate the findings. Weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) was used to explore the combined effect of these carotenoids on MAFLD. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify population-specific associations.

Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020.

Participants: This study included 5098 individuals aged 18 years and older.

Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, a weak inverse association was observed between α-carotene and β-carotene intakes and MAFLD occurrence (all P value <0·05). The highest quartile of β-carotene intake showed a significantly lower occurrence of MAFLD compared with the lowest quartile (OR = 0·65; 95 % CI: 0·44, 0·97). RCS analysis showed that a significantly lower occurrence of MAFLD was associated with a higher intake of the four carotenoids, excluding lycopene. Furthermore, the WQS analysis revealed a negative relationship between combined carotenoid intake and MAFLD occurrence (OR = 0·95, 95 % CI: 0·90, 1·00, P = 0·037). Subgroup analyses showed dietary carotenoid intake was associated with reduced MAFLD occurrence in populations aged 50-69 years, females, physically active individuals and non-drinkers.

Conclusion: Higher dietary intake of carotenoids is associated with lower MAFLD occurrence. However, this relationship varies among individuals of different ages, sexes and lifestyles.

目的评估α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄素、番茄红素和叶黄素+玉米黄质(LZ)的膳食摄入量与代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪肝(MAFLD)发生率之间的关系:横断面研究设计。MAFLD的诊断依据是肝脏脂肪变性和代谢失调。类胡萝卜素摄入量采用能量调整模型进行调整。采用逻辑回归和限制性立方样条曲线(RCS)分析来评估两者之间的关系,并通过敏感性分析来验证研究结果。加权量子和回归(WQS)用于探讨这些类胡萝卜素对 MAFLD 的综合影响。还进行了分组分析,以确定特定人群的相关性:美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)2017年至2020年3月:这项研究包括 5098 名 18 岁及以上的个体:调整潜在混杂因素后,观察到α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素摄入量与MAFLD发生率之间存在微弱的负相关(所有P值β-胡萝卜素摄入量与最低四分位数相比,MAFLD发生率显著降低(OR = 0-65; 95 % CI: 0-44, 0-97)。RCS分析表明,MAFLD发生率的显著降低与四种类胡萝卜素(不包括番茄红素)摄入量的增加有关。此外,WQS 分析表明,类胡萝卜素综合摄入量与 MAFLD 发生率之间呈负相关(OR = 0-95,95 % CI:0-90,1-00,P = 0-037)。亚组分析表明,膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与50-69岁人群、女性、体力活动者和不饮酒者的MAFLD发生率降低有关:结论:膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量越高,MAFLD 发生率越低。结论:膳食中类胡萝卜素的摄入量越高,MAFLD 的发生率就越低,但这种关系在不同年龄、性别和生活方式的人群中存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Diet culture on TikTok: a descriptive content analysis. TikTok 上的饮食文化:描述性内容分析。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001381
Emily Munro, Gabriella Wells, Rigel Paciente, Nicole Wickens, Daniel Ta, Joelie Mandzufas, Karen Lombardi, Alix Woolard

Objective: To investigate how dieting is portrayed on TikTok and the potential implications for public health considering the effect of diet culture on eating disorders amongst young people.

Design: A cross-sectional descriptive content analysis of 250 videos from the five most popular diet-related hashtags. A codebook was developed to analyse the content of the videos and collect the engagement for each video (likes, comments and shares).

Setting: TikTok website.

Participants: There were no participants in this study.

Results: More than half of the videos portrayed 'body checking', a potentially harmful practice for body image. Of the videos that represented body image, almost half represented body image negatively. However, most videos promoted the idea of 'healthy eating', and only 6·4 % displayed disordered eating behaviours. Over half of the videos provided dietary advice, and of those videos, most content creators claimed to be experts (64 %). Claiming expertise was not significantly associated with engagement; however, the use of humour was significantly associated with engagement. Additionally, males were more likely than females to disclose their goals of the diet.

Conclusions: Overall, it appears that TikTok is commonly used to share nutrition tips and personal experiences around dieting and eating in general, often employing humour as an effective technique. The popularity of the platform and rapid dissemination of information would be a useful tool for health professionals, especially those working with eating disorders, to utilise.

目的考虑到饮食文化对年轻人饮食失调的影响,调查 TikTok 上是如何描述节食的,以及对公共卫生的潜在影响:对五个最流行的饮食相关标签中的 250 个视频进行横向描述性内容分析。设计:对五个最受欢迎的饮食相关标签中的 250 个视频进行横向描述性内容分析,编制代码手册分析视频内容并收集每个视频的参与度(点赞、评论和分享):地点:TikTok 网站:本研究没有参与者:结果:一半以上的视频描述了 "身体检查",这是一种对身体形象有潜在危害的做法。在表现身体形象的视频中,近一半对身体形象进行了负面描述。然而,大多数视频都宣传了 "健康饮食 "的理念,只有 6-4% 的视频展示了不健康的饮食行为。超过一半的视频提供了饮食建议,在这些视频中,大多数内容创作者都声称自己是专家(64%)。自称专家与参与度并无显著关联;但使用幽默却与参与度有显著关联。此外,男性比女性更有可能透露他们的饮食目标:总的来说,TikTok 似乎常用来分享营养小贴士以及有关节食和饮食的个人经验,并经常使用幽默作为一种有效的技巧。该平台的普及和信息的快速传播将成为卫生专业人员,尤其是从事饮食失调工作的卫生专业人员的有用工具。
{"title":"Diet culture on TikTok: a descriptive content analysis.","authors":"Emily Munro, Gabriella Wells, Rigel Paciente, Nicole Wickens, Daniel Ta, Joelie Mandzufas, Karen Lombardi, Alix Woolard","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001381","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate how dieting is portrayed on TikTok and the potential implications for public health considering the effect of diet culture on eating disorders amongst young people.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive content analysis of 250 videos from the five most popular diet-related hashtags. A codebook was developed to analyse the content of the videos and collect the engagement for each video (likes, comments and shares).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>TikTok website.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>There were no participants in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half of the videos portrayed 'body checking', a potentially harmful practice for body image. Of the videos that represented body image, almost half represented body image negatively. However, most videos promoted the idea of 'healthy eating', and only 6·4 % displayed disordered eating behaviours. Over half of the videos provided dietary advice, and of those videos, most content creators claimed to be experts (64 %). Claiming expertise was not significantly associated with engagement; however, the use of humour was significantly associated with engagement. Additionally, males were more likely than females to disclose their goals of the diet.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, it appears that TikTok is commonly used to share nutrition tips and personal experiences around dieting and eating in general, often employing humour as an effective technique. The popularity of the platform and rapid dissemination of information would be a useful tool for health professionals, especially those working with eating disorders, to utilise.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring nutrition-related interests of the transgender and gender-diverse community: a content analysis of a transgender-centric discussion forum on Reddit. 探索变性人和性别多元化群体与营养相关的兴趣:对 Reddit 上以变性人为中心的讨论区的内容分析。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001459
Heather E Schier, Krithika Chetty, Shivakriti Induri, Julie Kennel, Carolyn Gunther

Objective: The solicitation of nutrition-related health advice on social media platforms is on the rise. However, there is a paucity of research on the distinctive nutrition-related concerns and needs faced by transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Understanding patterns of nutrition-related information-seeking behaviour is vital to advancing health promotion efforts within this community. This study aimed to characterise the nutrition-related questions posed by the transgender community on a prominent social media outlet, Reddit.

Design: A qualitative, cross-sectional content analysis was conducted, focusing on the top 100 submissions (ranked by popularity) within a transgender-centric online subreddit (r/asktransgender). Data extraction was facilitated using the Application Programming Interface Pushshift. The content analysis was conducted using NVivo.

Setting: The study was situated within the discussion forum of the social media platform, Reddit.

Results: A total of 148 references from 90 eligible posts were identified and coded. The major themes included the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on nutritional health (n 66), weight status (n 45), dietary needs and behaviours (n 21), physical activity and weight loss on body shape (n 9), social undermining (n 4) and effects of health behaviours on HRT (n 3).

Conclusion: This study underscores the pressing need for tailored and evidence-based nutrition guidelines and communication toolkits that specifically address the distinct needs and experiences of transgender individuals, particularly those undergoing HRT.

目的在社交媒体平台上征求营养相关健康建议的现象日益增多。然而,有关变性人和性别多元化人群所面临的与营养相关的独特问题和需求的研究却很少。了解他们寻求营养相关信息的行为模式,对于推动这一群体的健康促进工作至关重要。本研究旨在了解变性人群体在著名社交媒体 Reddit.Design 上提出的营养相关问题的特点:设计:研究人员对以变性人为中心的在线子论坛(r/asktransgender)中提交的前 100 个问题(按受欢迎程度排名)进行了横截面定性内容分析。数据提取采用应用编程接口 Pushshift。内容分析使用 NVivo.Setting 进行:研究地点:社交媒体平台 Reddit 的讨论区:从 90 个符合条件的帖子中识别并编码了 148 条参考信息。主要主题包括激素替代疗法(HRT)对营养健康的影响(66 条)、体重状况(45 条)、饮食需求和行为(21 条)、体育锻炼和减肥对体形的影响(9 条)、社会破坏(4 条)以及健康行为对 HRT 的影响(3 条):本研究强调,迫切需要有针对性的循证营养指南和沟通工具包,以专门满足变性人,尤其是接受 HRT 的变性人的独特需求和经历。
{"title":"Exploring nutrition-related interests of the transgender and gender-diverse community: a content analysis of a transgender-centric discussion forum on Reddit.","authors":"Heather E Schier, Krithika Chetty, Shivakriti Induri, Julie Kennel, Carolyn Gunther","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001459","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The solicitation of nutrition-related health advice on social media platforms is on the rise. However, there is a paucity of research on the distinctive nutrition-related concerns and needs faced by transgender and gender-diverse individuals. Understanding patterns of nutrition-related information-seeking behaviour is vital to advancing health promotion efforts within this community. This study aimed to characterise the nutrition-related questions posed by the transgender community on a prominent social media outlet, Reddit.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A qualitative, cross-sectional content analysis was conducted, focusing on the top 100 submissions (ranked by popularity) within a transgender-centric online subreddit (r/asktransgender). Data extraction was facilitated using the Application Programming Interface Pushshift. The content analysis was conducted using NVivo.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was situated within the discussion forum of the social media platform, Reddit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 148 references from 90 eligible posts were identified and coded. The major themes included the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on nutritional health (<i>n</i> 66), weight status (<i>n</i> 45), dietary needs and behaviours (<i>n</i> 21), physical activity and weight loss on body shape (<i>n</i> 9), social undermining (<i>n</i> 4) and effects of health behaviours on HRT (<i>n</i> 3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the pressing need for tailored and evidence-based nutrition guidelines and communication toolkits that specifically address the distinct needs and experiences of transgender individuals, particularly those undergoing HRT.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measurement of food literacy among the adult population in urban Uganda and Kenya: development and validation of an East African food literacy scale. 乌干达和肯尼亚城市成年人口的食品扫盲测量:东非食品扫盲量表的开发与验证。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/S136898002400168X
Peter Yiga, Moses Mokaya, Tonny Kiyimba, Patrick Ogwok, Florence Kyallo, Janna Lena Koole, Tessy Boedt, Christophe Matthys

Objective: Food literacy (FL) is a potential approach to address the nutrition transition in Africa, but a validated tool is lacking. We developed and validated a scale to assess FL among Ugandan and Kenyan adult populations.

Design: A mixed-method approach was applied: (1) item development using literature, expert and target group insights, (2) independent country-specific validation (content, construct, criterion and concurrent) and (3) synchronisation of the two country-specific FL-scales. Construct validity was evaluated against the prime dietary quality score (PDQS) and healthy eating self-efficacy scale (HEWSE).

Setting: Urban Uganda and Kenya.

Participants: Two cross-sectional cross-country surveys, adults >18 years (n = 214) and university students (n = 163), were conducted.

Results: The initial development yielded a forty-eight-item FL-scale draft. In total, twenty-six items were reframed to fit the country contexts. Six items differed content-wise across the two FL-scales and were dropped for a synchronised East African FL-scale. Weighted kappa tests revealed no deviations in individuals' FL when either the East African FL-scale or the country-specific FL-scales are used; 0·86 (95 % CI: 0·83, 0·89), Uganda and 0·86 (95 % CI: 0·84, 0·88), Kenya. The FL-scale showed good reliability (0·71 (95 % CI: 0·60, 0·79), Uganda; 0·78 (95 % CI: 0·69, 0·84), Kenya) and positively correlated with PDQS (r = 0·29 P = 0·003, Uganda; r = 0·26 P < 0·001, Kenya) and HEWSE (r = 0·32 P < 0·001, Uganda; r = 0·23, P = 0·017, Kenya). The FL-scale distinguishes populations with higher from those with lower FL (β = 14·54 (95 % CI: 10·27, 18·81), Uganda; β = 18·79 (95 % CI: 13·92, 23·68), Kenya).

Conclusion: Provided culture-sensitive translation and adaptation are done, the scale may be used as a basis across East Africa.

目的:食物素养(FL)是解决非洲营养转型问题的一种潜在方法,但目前还缺乏一种经过验证的工具。我们开发并验证了一个量表,用于评估乌干达和肯尼亚成年人的食物素养:设计:我们采用了一种混合方法:(1) 利用文献、专家和目标群体的见解进行项目开发;(2) 针对具体国家进行独立验证(内容、结构、标准和同时验证);(3) 同步进行针对两个国家的FL量表。根据主要膳食质量评分(PDQS)和健康饮食自我效能量表(HEWSE)对结构效度进行了评估:环境:乌干达和肯尼亚城市:进行了两项横向跨国调查,分别是 18 岁以上成年人(n = 214)和大学生(n = 163):结果:初步编制出 48 个项目的 FL 量表草案。共有 26 个项目经过重新设计,以适应不同国家的国情。两个 FL 量表中有六个项目在内容上存在差异,因此删除了这六个项目,以便采用同步的东非 FL 量表。加权卡帕测试表明,无论是使用东非 FL 量表还是针对具体国家的 FL 量表,个人的 FL 都没有偏差;乌干达为 0-86(95 % CI:0-83,0-89),肯尼亚为 0-86(95 % CI:0-84,0-88)。FL 量表显示出良好的可靠性(0-71(95 % CI:0-60,0-79),乌干达;0-78(95 % CI:0-69,0-84),肯尼亚),并与 PDQS(r = 0-29 P = 0-003,乌干达;r = 0-26 P < 0-001,肯尼亚)和 HEWSE(r = 0-32 P < 0-001,乌干达;r = 0-23, P = 0-017,肯尼亚)呈正相关。FL量表可区分FL较高和较低的人群(β = 14-54 (95 % CI: 10-27, 18-81),乌干达;β = 18-79 (95 % CI: 13-92, 23-68),肯尼亚):结论:只要进行了文化敏感性翻译和调整,该量表可在整个东非地区作为基础使用。
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引用次数: 0
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program issuance timing is associated with sugar-sweetened beverage marketing in the USA. 在美国,补充营养援助计划的发放时间与含糖饮料的营销有关。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980024001563
Jane Dai, Erica L Kenney, Mark J Soto, Anthony Zhong, Alyssa J Moran, Emily M Broad Leib, Sara N Bleich

Objective: Prior research has shown that there are more supermarket displays of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during times when Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits are distributed ('issuance periods'). This may contribute to inequitable purchasing and consumption. This study examines whether SSB marketing in weekly supermarket circulars, which retailers use to advertise products, is more prevalent during issuance periods compared to non-issuance periods.

Design: We conducted longitudinal, difference-in-differences analyses of data extracted from weekly supermarket circulars of randomly selected SNAP-authorised retailers in six states. Analyses tested whether SSB advertisements ('ads') were more prevalent during SNAP issuance periods compared to non-issuance periods within states with distinct issuance periods (3, 5, 10 or 15 d), compared to one state with continuous benefit issuance (28 d; the 'control' state).

Setting: Weekly online supermarket circulars collected from August to September 2019 were analysed in 2021.

Participants: The study sample included 5152 circulars from 563 SNAP-authorised retailers in the states California, Connecticut, Nebraska, New Jersey and Texas (distinct issuance period states) as well as Florida ('control' state).

Results: The estimated mean percentage of beverage ads classified as SSB ads during issuance days was 51·5 % compared to 48·4 % during non-issuance days (P < 0·001). In difference-in-differences analyses comparing to the 'control' state with continuous issuance, SSB ad counts were 2·9 % higher (95 % CI 1·9 %, 3·9 %) during SNAP issuance relative to non-issuance.

Conclusions: SSB ads are slightly more prevalent in weekly supermarket circulars during SNAP issuance periods. Future research should explore the linkages between circular ads and SSB purchasing and consumption.

目的:先前的研究表明,在营养补助计划(SNAP)福利发放期间("发放期"),超市中的含糖饮料(SSB)陈列较多。这可能会造成购买和消费的不公平。本研究探讨了与非发放期相比,发放期中零售商用于宣传产品的每周超市通函中的 SSB 营销是否更为普遍:我们对从六个州随机抽取的 SNAP 授权零售商的每周超市通知中提取的数据进行了纵向差异分析。分析检验了在具有不同发放期(3、5、10 或 15 天)的州内,与具有连续福利发放期(28 天;"对照 "州)的州相比,SNAP 发放期与非发放期的 SSB 广告("广告")是否更普遍:对 2021 年收集的 2019 年 8 月至 9 月的每周网上超市通知进行了分析:研究样本包括加利福尼亚州、康涅狄格州、内布拉斯加州、新泽西州和德克萨斯州(不同发放期州)以及佛罗里达州("对照 "州)563 家 SNAP 授权零售商的 5152 份通知:据估计,在发放日被归类为 SSB 的饮料广告的平均百分比为 51-5%,而在非发放日为 48-4%(P < 0-001)。与连续发放的 "对照 "州相比,在差异分析中,发放 SNAP 期间的 SSB 广告数量比未发放期间高 2-9 %(95 % CI 1-9 %,3-9 %):结论:在 SNAP 发行期间,SSB 广告在每周超市通告中的出现率略有上升。未来的研究应探索通函广告与 SSB 购买和消费之间的联系。
{"title":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program issuance timing is associated with sugar-sweetened beverage marketing in the USA.","authors":"Jane Dai, Erica L Kenney, Mark J Soto, Anthony Zhong, Alyssa J Moran, Emily M Broad Leib, Sara N Bleich","doi":"10.1017/S1368980024001563","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1368980024001563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prior research has shown that there are more supermarket displays of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during times when Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits are distributed ('issuance periods'). This may contribute to inequitable purchasing and consumption. This study examines whether SSB marketing in weekly supermarket circulars, which retailers use to advertise products, is more prevalent during issuance periods compared to non-issuance periods.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted longitudinal, difference-in-differences analyses of data extracted from weekly supermarket circulars of randomly selected SNAP-authorised retailers in six states. Analyses tested whether SSB advertisements ('ads') were more prevalent during SNAP issuance periods compared to non-issuance periods within states with distinct issuance periods (3, 5, 10 or 15 d), compared to one state with continuous benefit issuance (28 d; the 'control' state).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Weekly online supermarket circulars collected from August to September 2019 were analysed in 2021.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The study sample included 5152 circulars from 563 SNAP-authorised retailers in the states California, Connecticut, Nebraska, New Jersey and Texas (distinct issuance period states) as well as Florida ('control' state).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated mean percentage of beverage ads classified as SSB ads during issuance days was 51·5 % compared to 48·4 % during non-issuance days (<i>P</i> < 0·001). In difference-in-differences analyses comparing to the 'control' state with continuous issuance, SSB ad counts were 2·9 % higher (95 % CI 1·9 %, 3·9 %) during SNAP issuance relative to non-issuance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SSB ads are slightly more prevalent in weekly supermarket circulars during SNAP issuance periods. Future research should explore the linkages between circular ads and SSB purchasing and consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
US trade policy and public health: heterogeneous effects from the North American Free Trade Agreement 美国贸易政策与公共卫生:《北美自由贸易协定》的异质效应
IF 3.2 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001472
Derick T. Adu, Wendiam P.M. Sawadgo, Wenying Li
Objective: To investigate the causal link between the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) unrestricted sugar trade agreement signed in 2008 between the USA and Mexico and the diabetes prevalence across all fifty US states. Design: A quasi-experimental research design to investigate the causal effect of the NAFTA unrestricted sugar trade agreement on diabetes prevalence. Our study utilises a comprehensive panel dataset spanning from 2000 to 2016, comprising 1054 observations. To conduct our analysis, we applied both the difference-in-differences and event-study methodologies. Setting: All the states in the USA. Participants: The fifty states in the USA. Results: After the enactment of the NAFTA sugar trade agreement between the USA and Mexico in 2008, most states witnessed an increase in diabetes prevalence. The annual impacts displayed significant variation among states, with percentage increases spanning from 0·50 to 2·28 %. Conclusions: States with a higher percentage of their population living below the poverty line, a larger Black resident population and a lower proportion of high school graduates had more significant increases in diabetes prevalence attributed to the NAFTA sugar trade agreement.
目的调查 2008 年美国与墨西哥签署的北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)无限制糖贸易协定与美国 50 个州糖尿病发病率之间的因果关系。设计:采用准实验研究设计,调查北美自由贸易协定非限制性糖贸易协议对糖尿病患病率的因果影响。我们的研究采用了一个全面的面板数据集,时间跨度为 2000 年至 2016 年,包含 1054 个观测值。为了进行分析,我们采用了差分法和事件研究法。研究背景美国各州。参与者:美国五十个州:美国五十个州。分析结果2008 年美国和墨西哥签订《北美自由贸易协定》(NAFTA)糖贸易协议后,大多数州的糖尿病患病率都有所上升。各州之间的年度影响差异很大,增长百分比从 0-50% 到 2-28% 不等。结论:生活在贫困线以下的人口比例较高、黑人常住人口较多、高中毕业生比例较低的州,其糖尿病患病率因北美自由贸易协定食糖贸易协议而有更显著的增长。
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引用次数: 0
Twenty-four hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion in adult population of Slovenia: results of the Manjsoli.si/2022 study 斯洛文尼亚成年人 24 小时尿钠和尿钾排泄量:Manjsoli.si/2022 研究结果
IF 3.2 3区 医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001605
Saša Kugler, Urška Blaznik, Maruša Rehberger, Metka Zaletel, Aleš Korošec, Matej Somrak, Adrijana Oblak, Igor Pravst, Maša Hribar, Anita Kušar, Jana Brguljan-Hitij, Simona Gaberšček, Katja Zaletel, Ivan Eržen
Objective:

The objective of study was to assess 24-h urinary Na and K excretion and estimate the average salt and K intakes in a nationally representative sample of the adult population of Slovenia.

Design:

A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in four stages between September and November 2022: study questionnaire, physical measurements, 24-h urine collection and laboratory analysis.

Setting:

Slovenia.

Participants:

We invited 2000 adult, non-institutionalised inhabitants of Slovenia, aged between 25 and 64 years. A stratified two-staged sample was selected from this population by the Statistical Office of Slovenia, using sampling from the Central Population Register. According to the WHO methodology, additional eligibility criteria were screened before participating. A total of 518 individuals participated in all four stages of the study, resulting in a response rate of 30 %.

Results:

The mean 24-h urinary Na excretion was 168 mmol/d (95 % CI 156, 180), which corresponds to a mean estimated intake of 10·3 g salt/d (95 % CI 9·6, 11·1). Mean 24-h urinary K excretion was 65·4 mmol/d (95 % CI 63·2, 67·5), and the estimated mean K intake was 2·93 g/d (95 % CI 2·84, 3·03). There were statistically significant differences in mean intakes between males and females. The mean sodium-to-potassium ratio was 2·7 (95 % CI 2·5, 2·8).

Conclusions:

The study results highlighted that the salt intake in the adult population of Slovenia remains much higher than recommended by the WHO, and K intakes are insufficient, as most participants did not meet the recommendations.

设计:2022 年 9 月至 11 月期间,我们分四个阶段进行了一项具有全国代表性的横断面研究:调查问卷、体格测量、24 小时尿液收集和实验室分析。斯洛文尼亚统计局从中央人口登记册中抽取样本,分两个阶段从这些人口中进行分层抽样。根据世界卫生组织的方法,在参与前还对其他资格标准进行了筛选。结果:24 小时尿钠平均排泄量为 168 毫摩尔/天(95 % CI 156 - 180),与 10-3 克盐/天(95 % CI 9-6 - 11-1)的平均估计摄入量相对应。24 小时尿钾平均排泄量为 65-4 毫摩尔/天(95 % CI 63-2, 67-5),钾平均摄入量估计为 2-93 克/天(95 % CI 2-84, 3-03)。男性和女性的平均摄入量在统计学上存在显著差异。结论:研究结果表明,斯洛文尼亚成年人的食盐摄入量仍远高于世界卫生组织的建议水平,钾摄入量也不足,因为大多数参与者都未达到建议水平。
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引用次数: 0
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Public Health Nutrition
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