Public Health Nutrition最新文献

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) and minimally processed foods (MPF) consumption are differentially connected to adiposity and possibly body composition. Phase angle (PhA) originates from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and is connected to cellular health. This study is the first to investigate associations between UPF/MPF consumption and PhA.

A cross-sectional study was conducted. Anthropometrical and BIA were performed. The Hellenic Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for physical activity evaluation, while a validated FFQ was used for dietary assessment. UPF and MPF intake (% energy) were determined according to the NOVA system. Partial correlation coefficients of PhA and dietary variables were assessed after multi-adjustment.

Students were recruited (n 151, 114 women).

University

Median and interquartile range (IQR) of PhA were 5·5° (5·1–6·4°) in the total sample, 6·8° (6·1–7·3°) in men and 5·3° (5·1–5·9°) in women (P < 0·001). The median and IQR for UPF consumption was 13·7 (8·1–33·4) % in the total sample, 23·8 (8·1–70·5) % in men and 12·9 (8·1–27·5) % in women (P < 0·001). The mean (sd) of MPF consumption was 60·2 (sd 15·7) % for the total sample, 59·1 (sd 16·4) % for men and 60·5 (sd 15·6) % for women (P = 0·720). The consumption of UPF was negatively (rho = –0·267, P = 0·002), while the consumption of MPF was positively (rho = 0·218, P = 0·010) associated with the PhA, after adjustment for age, sex, BMI and physical activity.

PhA relates inversely to UPF and positively to MPF consumption. The observed associations possibly reflect the effects of diet on cellular health and in turn PhA.

To describe the prevalence of food poverty according to dimensions of socio-economic inequality and the food groups consumed by Brazilian children.

Dietary data from a structured qualitative questionnaire collected by the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) were used. The new UNICEF indicator classified children who consumed 3–4 and <3 out of the eight food groups as living in moderate and severe food poverty, respectively. The prevalence of consumption of each food group and ultra-processed foods (UPF) was estimated by level of food poverty according to age categories (6–23; 24–59 months). The most frequent combinations of food groups consumed by children living in severe food poverty were calculated. Prevalence of levels of food poverty were explored according to socio-economic variables.

123 municipalities of the five Brazilian macro-regions.

12 582 children aged 6–59 months.

The prevalence of moderate and severe food poverty was 32·5 % (95 % CI 30·1, 34·9) and 6·0 % (95 % CI 5·0, 6·9), respectively. Children whose mother/caregiver had lower education (<8 years) and income levels (per capita minimum wage <¼) had the highest severe food poverty prevalence of 8·3 % (95 % CI 6·2, 10·4) and 7·5 % (95 % CI 5·6, 9·4), respectively. The most consumed food groups among children living in food poverty in all age categories were ‘dairy products’, ‘grains, roots, tubers, and plantains’ and ‘ultra-processed foods’.

Food poverty prevalence was high among Brazilian children. A significant occurrence of milk consumption associated with grains and a considerable prevalence of UPF consumption were found among those living in severe food poverty.

Objective: Social determinants of health (SDoH), such as food and financial insecurity and food assistance, are potentially modifiable factors that may influence breastfeeding initiation and duration. Knowledge gaps exist regarding the relationship between these SDoH and infant feeding practices. We explored the relationships of food and financial insecurity and food assistance with the continuation of breastfeeding at four months postpartum among mothers and whether race and ethnicity modified these associations.

Design: Mothers retrospectively reported food and financial insecurity and receipt of food assistance (e.g. Women, Infants and Children and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) during pregnancy with their first child and infant feeding practices (exclusive/mostly breastfeeding v. exclusive/mostly formula feeding) following the birth of their first child. Sociodemographic-adjusted modified Poisson regressions estimated prevalence ratios and 95 % CI.

Setting: Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota.

Participants: Mothers who participated in the Life-course Experiences And Pregnancy study (LEAP) (n 486).

Results: Ten percent of mothers reported food insecurity, 43 % financial insecurity and 22 % food assistance during their pregnancies. At four months postpartum, 63 % exclusively/mostly breastfed and 37 % exclusively/mostly formula-fed. We found a lower adjusted prevalence of breastfeeding at four months postpartum for mothers who reported experiencing food insecurity (0·65; 0·43-0·98) and receiving food assistance (0·66; 0·94-0·88) relative to those who did not. For financial insecurity (aPR 0·92; 0·78, 1·08), adjusted estimates showed little evidence of an association.

Conclusions: We found a lower level of breastfeeding among mothers experiencing food insecurity and using food assistance. Resources to support longer breastfeeding duration for mothers are needed. Moreover, facilitators, barriers and mechanisms of breastfeeding initiation and duration must be identified.

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the spatial and temporal patterns of disease burden attributed to high BMI (DB-hBMI) from 1990 to 2019 in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries, in light of increasing hBMI prevalence worldwide.

Design: The study was a secondary analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019) that analysed (using Joinpoint regression analysis) numbers and the age-standardised rate of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of hBMI-induced diseases and their trends from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade.

Setting: GBD 2019 study data for BRI countries were categorised by country, age, gender and disease.

Participants: GBD 2019 data were used to analyse DB-hBMI in BRI countries.

Results: In 2019, China, India and Russia reported the highest mortality and DALY among BRI countries. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardised DALY increased in Southeast Asia and South Asia, whereas many European countries saw declines. Notably, Bangladesh, Nepal and Vietnam showed the steepest increases, with average annual percentage change (AAPC) values of 4·42 %, 4·19 % and 4·28 %, respectively (all P < 0·05). In contrast, Israel, Slovenia and Poland experienced significant reductions, with AAPC values of -1·70 %, -1·63 % and -1·58 %, respectively (all P < 0·05). The most rapid increases among males were seen in Vietnam, Nepal and Bangladesh, while Jordan, Poland and Slovenia recorded the fastest declines among females. Across most BRI countries, the burden of diabetes and kidney diseases related to hBMI showed a significant uptrend.

Conclusion: DB-hBMI varies significantly by region, age, gender and disease type across BRI countries. It can pose a substantial threat to public health.

Objective: Limited research is available on how motivations to adopt plant-based diets and nutrition literacy influence diet quality. This study assessed diet quality, diet motives and nutrition literacy in vegans, vegetarians, and semi-vegetarians, and investigated predictors of dietary quality.

Design: Cross-sectional study, participants completed an online survey about diet-related motives and nutrition literacy. Dietary intake was assessed with the Diet History Questionnaire III and diet quality was calculated with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. A one-way ANCOVA was used to compare diet quality, nutrition literacy, and diet motives among diets. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of diet quality.

Setting: Online survey, participants were recruited through paid targeted social media (Facebook/Instagram) advertising.

Participants: Adults following a plant-based diet, including 117 (52.5%) vegans, 51 (22.9%) vegetarians, and 55 (24.6%) semi-vegetarians.

Results: Vegans had higher HEI-2015 scores (80.8±6.5, p<0.001) compared to vegetarians (75.1±9.1), and semi-vegetarians (76.8±7.5). Most participants (74%) had good nutrition literacy scores. Total nutrition literacy did not differ between groups, but vegans had higher vegetarian nutrition literacy than vegetarians and semi-vegetarians (p<0.001). Ecological welfare, health, and sensory appeal were highly important to all participants. Motives accounted for 12.8% of the variance in diet quality scores. HEI-2015 scores were positively associated with motives of health and natural content, but negatively associated with weight control motivation (all p<0.05).

Conclusions: Individuals following plant-based dietary patterns have high diet quality and nutrition literacy. Messages valuing intrinsic over extrinsic factors may facilitate healthier dietary adherence in this population.

Objective: To address the relationship between the proportions of carbohydrates and fat and hyperglycaemia in the Chinese population.

Design: A cross-section research involving data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009, and nutritional status and health indicators were mainly focused.

Setting: China.

Participants: 8197 Chinese individuals aged over 16 years, including 1345 subjects who had a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, 3951 individuals who had a medium proportion of carbohydrate and fat diet, 2660 participants who had a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet and 241 people who had a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet.

Results: Subjects with the high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet were significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia (OR: 1·142; 95 % CI: 1·022, 1·276) when compared with the individuals with the medium proportion of carbohydrate and fat diet. Meanwhile, people with a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet had a higher risk of hyperglycaemia (OR: 1·829; 95 % CI: 1·377, 2·429). In contrast, the association between participants with a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet and hyperglycaemia was NS (OR: 1·082; 95 % CI: 0·942, 1·243) with adjusting a series of confounding factors. Furthermore, people with a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet were significantly associated with a higher risk of hyperglycaemia in the major energy levels and social characteristics subgroup.

Conclusions: We found the high-carbohydrate and low-fat and very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diets were significantly associated with a high risk of hyperglycaemia. And, the association between low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets and the risk of hyperglycaemia was NS.

Objective: To simulate the impact on calcium intake - effectiveness and safety - of fortifying wheat flour with 200, 400 and 500 mg of calcium per 100 g of flour.

Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected through repeated 24 h dietary recalls using the Iowa State University Intake Modelling, Assessment and Planning Program.

Setting: Urban cities in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Argentina (ENNyS 2018-2019).

Participants: 21 358 participants, including children, adolescents and adults.

Results: Most individuals in all age groups reported consuming wheat flour. The prevalence of low calcium intake was above 80 % in individuals older than 9 years. Simulating the fortification of 500 mg of calcium per 100 g of wheat flour showed that the prevalence of low calcium intake could be reduced by more than 40 percentage points in girls and women aged 19 to less than 51 years and boys and men aged 4 to less than 71 years, while it remained above 65 % in older ages. The percentages above the upper intake level remained below 1·5 % in all age groups.

Conclusions: Calcium flour fortification could be further explored to improve calcium intake. Subnational simulations could be performed to identify groups that might not be reached by this strategy that could be explored in Argentina. This analysis could be used to advocate for a strategy to fortify wheat flour.

Objective: The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) measures parental attitudes towards feeding practices that directly influence children's eating habits. This study aims to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish adaptation of the CFPQ developed by Musher-Eizenman et al.

Design: Validity and reliability analyses were conducted for the Turkish version of the CFPQ (T-CFPQ). In addition to reliability analyses and partial correlations between scale dimensions, correlations between scale dimensions according to mothers' BMI and children's BMI z-scores were also examined.

Setting: Parents with children aged 18 months to 8 years living in the community.

Participants: The study sample consisted of 274 parents with children aged 18 months to 8 years who agreed to participate in the online survey.

Results: In this study, forty-seven items and twelve-factor structure describing feeding practices were supported by the confirmatory factor analysis. Although most of the dimensions of the T-CFPQ showed significant correlations with each other, the highest correlation was found between the encourage balance/variety and the dimension of modelling and teaching nutrition (r = 0·53; 0·50) (P < 0·05). There was a negative correlation between the child's BMI z-score and the pressure to eat dimension (r = -0·173; P < 0·01) and a positive correlation between the restriction for weight dimension (r = 0·339; P < 0·01). Maternal BMI was negatively associated with the involvement dimension (r = -0·121; P < 0·05) and positively associated with the restriction for weight dimension (r = 0·154; P < 0·01).

Conclusions: The findings revealed that the T-CFPQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be applied to obtain the necessary information for evaluating nutritional interactions between parent and child.