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Determination of the elastoplastic properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by electron beam melting 电子束熔炼Ti-6Al-4V合金弹塑性性能的测定
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-02-2022-0041
Fatih Yılmaz, E. Gürses, M. Sahin
PurposeThis study aims to evaluate and assess the elastoplastic properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by Arcam Q20 Plus electron beam melting (EBM) machine by a tensile test campaign and micro computerized tomography (microCT) imaging.Design/methodology/approachASTM E8 tensile test specimens are designed and manufactured by EBM at an Arcam Q20 Plus machine. Surface quality is improved by machining to discard the effect of surface roughness. After surface machining, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment is applied to half of the specimens to remove unsolicited internal defects. ASTM E8 tensile test campaign is carried out simultaneously with digital image correlation to acquire strain data for each sample. Finally, build direction and HIP post-treatment dependencies of elastoplastic properties are analyzed by F-test and t-test statistical analyses methods.FindingsModulus of elasticity presents isotropic behavior for each build direction according to F-test and t-test analysis. Yield and ultimate strengths vary according to build direction and post-treatment. Stiffness and strength properties are superior to conventional Ti-6Al-4V material; however, ductility turns out to be poor for aerospace structures compared to conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In addition, micro CT images show that support structure leads to dense internal defects and pores at applied surfaces. However, HIP post-treatment diminishes those internal defects and pores thoroughly.Originality/valueAs a novel scientific contribution, this study investigates the effects of three orthogonal build directions on elastoplastic properties, while many studies focus on only two-build directions. Evaluation of Poisson’s ratio is the other originality of this study. Furthermore, another finding through micro CT imaging is that temporary support structures result in intense defects closer to applied surfaces; hence high-stress regions of structures should be avoided to use support structures.
目的通过拉伸试验和微计算机断层扫描(microCT)成像,评价Arcam Q20 Plus电子束熔化(EBM)机制备的Ti-6Al-4V合金的弹塑性性能。设计/方法/方法E8拉伸试样由EBM在Arcam Q20 Plus机器上设计和制造。通过加工提高了表面质量,消除了表面粗糙度的影响。表面加工后,对一半的试样进行热等静压(HIP)后处理,以去除不请自来的内部缺陷。ASTM E8拉伸试验活动与数字图像相关同时进行,以获取每个样品的应变数据。最后,通过f检验和t检验的统计分析方法,分析了构建方向和HIP处理后弹塑性性能的依赖关系。根据f检验和t检验分析,弹性模量在各个建造方向上呈现各向同性。屈服强度和极限强度因构建方向和后处理而异。刚度和强度性能优于传统的Ti-6Al-4V材料;然而,与传统的Ti-6Al-4V合金相比,航空航天结构的延展性很差。此外,微CT图像显示,支撑结构导致涂敷表面存在密集的内部缺陷和孔隙。然而,HIP后处理彻底减少了这些内部缺陷和毛孔。独创性/价值本研究是一项新颖的科学贡献,研究了三个正交构建方向对弹塑性性能的影响,而许多研究只关注两个构建方向。泊松比的评估是本研究的另一个独创性。此外,通过微CT成像的另一个发现是,临时支撑结构导致更靠近应用表面的强烈缺陷;因此,应避免在结构的高应力区域采用支撑结构。
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引用次数: 0
Prioritization and deployment of design for additive manufacturing strategies to an automotive component 汽车零部件增材制造策略设计的优先级和部署
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-02-2023-0051
S. R, V. S.
PurposeThis paper aims to propose a new framework on prioritizing and deployment of design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) strategies to an industrial component using Fuzzy TOPSIS multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. The proposed framework is then applied to an automotive component, and the results are discussed and compared with existing design.Design/methodology/approachEight DfAM design alternatives associated with eight design criteria have been identified for framing new DfAM strategies. The prioritization order of the design alternatives is identified by Fuzzy TOPSIS MCDM technique through its closeness coefficient. Based on Fuzzy TOPSIS MCDM output, each of the design alternatives is applied sequentially to an automobile component as a case study. Redesign is carried out at each stage of DfAM implementation without affecting the functionality.FindingsOn successful implementation of proposed framework to an automotive component, the mass is reduced by 43.84%, from 0.429 kg to 0.241 kg. The redesign is validated by finite element analysis, where von Mises stress is less than the yield stress of the material.Practical implicationsThe proposed DfAM framework and strategies will be useful to designers, R&D engineers, industrial practitioners, experts and consultants for implementing DfAM strategies on any industrial component without impacting its functionality.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the idea of prioritization and implementation of DfAM strategies to an automotive component is the original contribution.
本文旨在利用模糊TOPSIS多准则决策(MCDM)技术,提出一种新的框架,对工业部件的增材制造(DfAM)设计策略进行优先排序和部署。然后将所提出的框架应用于汽车部件,并与现有设计结果进行了讨论和比较。设计/方法/方法高度与八个设计标准相关的DfAM设计方案已经确定,用于制定新的DfAM策略。利用模糊TOPSIS MCDM技术,通过逼近系数确定设计方案的优先顺序。基于模糊TOPSIS MCDM输出,将每个设计方案依次应用于汽车部件作为案例研究。在DfAM实现的每个阶段进行重新设计,而不影响功能。研究发现,在汽车零部件上成功实施该框架后,质量降低了43.84%,从0.429 kg降至0.241 kg。通过有限元分析验证了重新设计的有效性,其中von Mises应力小于材料的屈服应力。建议的DfAM框架和策略将有助于设计师,研发工程师,工业从业者,专家和顾问在任何工业组件上实施DfAM策略而不影响其功能。原创性/价值据作者所知,对汽车部件进行优先级排序和实施DfAM战略的想法是原创性贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of polyamide 12 regarding different percentages of reused material in the selective laser sintering process 选择性激光烧结工艺中不同材料回用率对聚酰胺12力学性能的影响
4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-03-2023-0091
Rafael Couto da Silva, Gabriela Wessling Oening Dicati, José Eduardo Gubaua, Eduardo Radovanovic, Sílvia Luciana Favaro
Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM) has been one of the most highlighted processes of the last few years. AM prints complex parts and items from 3D files regarding different materials, such as polymers. Moreover, there are different AM techniques available for polymers, such as selective laser sintering. In the SLS technology, polyamides 11 and 12 lead 88% of the market. These materials are high-cost and use an average of 50% of virgin material at each printing. It is possible to use lower rates of virgin material, but at least 30% is recommended. Low rates of virgin material decrease mechanical properties. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to evaluate the influence on the mechanical properties of the percentage of reused PA12 in parts manufactured by the SLS process. The specimens of PA12 were manufactured with a percentage of virgin/reused polymer of 50/50, 40/60, 30/70, 20/80 and 10/90. We considered three distinct printing directions to compare the mechanical properties of the specimens: horizontal, perpendicular and vertical. Findings The results showed that when the percentage of reused material increases, the tensile strength limit (TSL), flexural strength limit and Shore D hardness decrease. Another aspect visualized was the fragile behavior presented in the vertical specimens. In addition, DSC analysis indicated a 2% reduction of crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed spherical voids and unfused particles of PA12 at the fracture of tensile test specimens. The material thermal history and unfused particles could decrease the material properties. Originality/value We observed that the mechanical properties, such as the TSL, flexural strength limit and hardness, decrease as the percentage of reused material increases. In addition, the process presented a printing-direction dependence, where the vertical direction presented as the more brittle between the ones used.
增材制造(AM)是过去几年最受关注的工艺之一。AM打印复杂的零件和项目从3D文件关于不同的材料,如聚合物。此外,有不同的增材制造技术可用于聚合物,如选择性激光烧结。在SLS技术中,聚酰胺11和12占据了88%的市场份额。这些材料成本高,每次印刷平均使用50%的原始材料。可以使用较低比例的原始材料,但建议至少使用30%。原始材料率低会降低机械性能。设计/方法/方法本研究旨在评估在SLS工艺制造的零件中PA12的重复使用百分比对机械性能的影响。用50/50、40/60、30/70、20/80和10/90的比例制备PA12样品。我们考虑了三种不同的印刷方向来比较样品的力学性能:水平、垂直和垂直。结果表明:随着材料重复利用率的增加,复合材料的抗拉强度极限(TSL)、抗折强度极限和邵氏D硬度均降低;可视化的另一个方面是垂直试件呈现的脆弱行为。此外,DSC分析表明结晶度降低了2%。扫描电镜图像显示拉伸试样断口处存在球形空洞和未融合的PA12颗粒。材料的热历史和未熔颗粒会降低材料的性能。我们观察到,随着材料重复利用率的增加,材料的力学性能(如TSL、弯曲强度极限和硬度)降低。此外,该工艺呈现出印刷方向依赖性,其中垂直方向在使用的方向之间表现为更脆。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental study of adhesive joints with mechanical interlocking of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) parts fabricated for fused filament (FFF) 熔融丝(FFF)用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)零件机械互锁粘接接头的试验研究
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-04-2023-0146
Erwin Molino Alvarez, Sergio Andres Quintana González, Luis Lisandro Lopez Taborda, Enrique Esteban Niebles Nuñez
PurposeAdditive manufacturing has disadvantages, such as the maximum part size being limited by the machine’s working volume. Therefore, if a part more considerable than the working volume is required, the part is produced in parts and joined together. Among the many methods of joining thermoplastic parts, adhesives and mechanical interlocking are considered. This study aims to characterize and optimize mechanically stressed adhesive joints combined with female and male mechanical interlocking on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) specimens made with fused filament fabrication (FFF) so that the joint strength is as close as possible to the strength of the base material.Design/methodology/approachThis study characterized the subject’s state of the art to justify the decisions regarding the experimental design planned in this research. Subsequently, this study designed, executed and analyzed the experiment using a statistical analysis of variance. The output variables were yield strength and tensile strength. The input variables were two different cyanoacrylate adhesives, two different types of mechanical interlock (truncated pyramid and cylindrical pin) and the dimensions of each type of mechanical interlock. This study used simple and factorial experiments to select the best adhesive and interlocking to be optimized using the response surface and the steep ascent method.FindingsThe two adhesives have no statistical difference, but they show different data dispersion. The design or yield stress was a determining factor for selecting the optimal specimen, with cylindrical geometry exhibiting higher resistance at initial failure. Geometry type is crucial due to the presence of stress concentrators. The cylindrical geometry with fewer stress concentrators demonstrated better tensile strength. Ultimately, the specimen with a mechanically reinforced joint featuring a cylindrical pin of radius 5.45 mm and height of 4.6 mm exhibited the maximum tensile and yield strength.Originality/valuePrevious research suggests that a research opportunity is the combination of bonding methods in FFF or fused deposition modeling, which is not a frequent topic, and this research to enrich that topic combines the adhesive with mechanically interlocked joints and studies it experimentally for FFF materials, to provide unpublished information of the performance of the adhesive joint with mechanical interlocking, to designers and manufacturers of this technology.
目的增材制造有缺点,例如最大零件尺寸受到机器工作体积的限制。因此,如果需要一个比工作量更大的零件,则该零件是分零件生产并连接在一起的。在连接热塑性零件的许多方法中,考虑了粘合剂和机械互锁。本研究旨在表征和优化通过熔融丝制造(FFF)制成的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)试样上的机械应力粘合接头,以及内螺纹和外螺纹机械互锁,使接头强度尽可能接近基材的强度。设计/方法论/方法本研究描述了受试者的艺术状态,以证明本研究中计划的实验设计的决定是合理的。随后,本研究使用方差统计分析设计、执行和分析实验。输出变量为屈服强度和拉伸强度。输入变量是两种不同的氰基丙烯酸酯粘合剂、两种不同类型的机械联锁(截锥和圆柱销)以及每种类型机械联锁的尺寸。本研究使用了简单的析因实验来选择最佳的粘合剂和互锁,并使用响应面和陡峭上升法进行优化。结果:两种胶粘剂无统计学差异,但数据离散度不同。设计或屈服应力是选择最佳试样的决定因素,圆柱形几何形状在初始失效时表现出更高的阻力。由于应力集中器的存在,几何形状是至关重要的。具有较少应力集中器的圆柱形几何形状表现出更好的抗拉强度。最终,具有机械加固接头的试样,其特征为半径为5.45的圆柱形销 mm,高度4.6 mm表现出最大的拉伸强度和屈服强度。独创性/价值先前的研究表明,一个研究机会是FFF或熔融沉积建模中的粘合方法的结合,这不是一个常见的主题,而这项旨在丰富该主题的研究将粘合剂与机械联锁接头结合起来,并对FFF材料进行实验研究,以向该技术的设计者和制造商提供具有机械互锁的粘合剂接头的性能的未公开信息。
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引用次数: 0
Tapping the potential of rapid prototyping techniques in creating a paradigm shift in the fabrication of occlusal splints 挖掘快速成型技术的潜力,在制造咬合夹板中创造一个范式转变
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-12-2022-0412
Ashish Kaushik, R. Garg
PurposeThis study aims to cover the overall gamut of rapid prototyping processes and biomaterials used for the fabrication of occlusal splints in a comprehensive manner and elucidate the characteristics of the materials, which are essential in determining their clinical efficacy when exposed to oral surroundings.Design/methodology/approachA collective analysis of published articles covering the use of rapid prototyping technologies in the fabrication of occlusal splints, including manufacturing workflow description and essential properties (mechanical- and thermal-based) evaluation of biocompatible splinting materials, was performed.FindingsWithout advances in rapid prototyping processes and materials engineering, occlusal splints would tend to underperform clinically due to biomechanical limitations.Social implicationsThree-dimensional printing can improve the process capabilities for commercial customization of biomechanically efficient occlusal splints.Originality/valueRapid technological advancement in dentistry with the extensive utilization of rapid prototyping processes, intra-oral scanners and novel biomaterial seems to be the potential breakthrough in the fabrication of customized occlusal splints which have endorsed occlusal splint therapy (OST) as a cornerstone of orthodontic treatment.
目的本研究旨在全面涵盖快速成型工艺和用于制作咬合夹板的生物材料的整体范围,并阐明材料的特性,这对于确定其暴露于口腔环境时的临床疗效至关重要。设计/方法/方法对已发表的文章进行了集体分析,这些文章涵盖了在咬合夹板制造中使用快速原型技术,包括制造工作流程描述和生物相容性夹板材料的基本特性(基于机械和热的)评估。如果没有快速成型工艺和材料工程的进步,由于生物力学的限制,咬合夹板在临床上往往表现不佳。社会意义三维打印可以提高商业定制生物力学高效咬合夹板的工艺能力。原创性/价值随着快速成型工艺、口腔内扫描仪和新型生物材料的广泛应用,牙科技术的快速进步似乎是定制化咬合夹板制造的潜在突破,这些技术已经认可了咬合夹板治疗(OST)作为正畸治疗的基石。
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引用次数: 0
A study of selective laser melting process for pure zinc and Zn10mg alloy on process parameters and mechanical properties 纯锌及Zn10mg合金选择性激光熔炼工艺参数及力学性能的研究
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-04-2022-0138
Muhammad Waqas, D. He, Z. Tan, Pengwei Yang, Mu Gao, Xingye Guo
PurposeThe selective laser melting (SLM) technique, as a typical additive manufacturing process, is widely used for the fabrication of metallic biomedical components. In terms of biodegradability, zinc and its alloys represent an emerging generation of metallic materials for biomedical implants. The purpose of this paper is to obtain the Zn and Zn10Mg alloys with high mechanical properties using the SLM technology. The relationship between the processing parameters and the porosity of pure Zn and Zn10Mg alloy samples was investigated.Design/methodology/approachThe samples were fabricated using SLM technology working in an inert gas closed chamber. Preliminary experiments were conducted to analyze the laser power and gas flow on evaporation, single track form and porosity. To evaluate the influence of factors on relative density, the response surface methodology was applied.FindingsThe satisfactory results of the proposed method were achieved, in which the relative density of the components reached up to 99.63%, and compression strength reached 214 ± 13 MPa under optimal processing conditions.Originality/valueZinc is categorized by its low melting and boiling point, which leads to the high porosity of the components. It is difficult to prepare the Zn alloy samples with high relative density using SLM technology. This work successfully achieved dense Zn and Zn10Mg samples and investigated their microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior.
目的选择性激光熔化(SLM)技术作为一种典型的增材制造工艺,广泛应用于金属生物医学元件的制造。就生物降解性而言,锌及其合金代表了用于生物医学植入物的新一代金属材料。本文的目的是利用SLM技术获得具有高机械性能的Zn和Zn10Mg合金。研究了纯Zn和Zn10Mg合金样品的工艺参数与孔隙率的关系。设计/方法/方法使用SLM技术在惰性气体密闭室中制作样品。进行了初步实验,分析了激光功率和气体流量对蒸发、单轨形状和孔隙率的影响。为了评估各因素对相对密度的影响,采用了响应面法。结果该方法获得了令人满意的结果,其中组分的相对密度达到99.63%,抗压强度达到214 ± 在最佳工艺条件下为13MPa。独创性/价值锌按其低熔点和低沸点进行分类,这导致了成分的高孔隙率。使用SLM技术制备具有高相对密度的锌合金样品是困难的。本工作成功地获得了致密的Zn和Zn10Mg样品,并研究了它们的微观结构、力学性能和腐蚀行为。
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引用次数: 1
Mapping the structural properties of zinc scaffold fabricated via rapid tooling for bone tissue engineering applications 绘制用于骨组织工程应用的快速工具制造的锌支架的结构特性
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-03-2023-0077
A. Kansal, A. Dvivedi, P. Kumar
PurposeThe purpose of this study to investigate the organized porous network zinc (OPNZ) scaffolds. Their mechanical characteristics, surface roughness and fracture mechanism were assessed in relation to their structural properties. The prospects of fused deposition modeling (FDM) for printing metal scaffolds via rapid tooling have also been studied.Design/methodology/approachZn scaffolds with different pore and strut sizes were manufactured via the rapid tooling method. This method is a multistep process that begins with the 3D printing of a polymer template. Later, a paraffin template was obtained from the prepared polymer template. Finally, this paraffin template was used to fabricate the Zn scaffold using microwave sintering. The characterization of prepared Zn samples involved structural characterization, microstructural study, surface roughness testing and compression testing. Moreover, based on the Gibson–Ashby model analysis, the model equations’ constant values were evaluated, which can help in predicting the mechanical properties of Zn scaffolds.FindingsThe scanning electron microscopy study confirmed that the fabricated sample pores were open and interconnected. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the Zn scaffold contained hexagonal closed-packed Zn peaks related to the a-Zn phase, validating that scaffolds were free from contamination and impurity. The range for ultimate compressive strength, compressive modulus and plateau stresses for Zn samples were found to be 6.75–39 MPa, 0.14–3.51 GPa and 1.85–12.6 MPa by adjusting their porosity, which are comparable with the cancellous bones. The average roughness value for the Zn scaffolds was found to be 1.86 µm.Originality/valueThis research work can widen the scope for extrusion-based FDM printers for fabricating biocompatible and biodegradable metal Zn scaffolds. This study also revealed the effects of scaffold structural properties like porosity, pore and strut size effect on their mechanical characteristics in view of tissue engineering applications.
目的研究有组织的多孔网络锌(OPNZ)支架。对其力学特性、表面粗糙度和断裂机理进行了评价。本文还对熔融沉积建模(FDM)快速模具打印金属支架的前景进行了研究。设计/方法/方法采用快速模具法制造不同孔径和支撑尺寸的锌支架。这种方法是一个多步骤的过程,从聚合物模板的3D打印开始。然后,将所制备的聚合物模板制成石蜡模板。最后,利用该石蜡模板采用微波烧结法制备Zn支架。制备的锌样品的表征包括结构表征、微观组织研究、表面粗糙度测试和压缩测试。此外,基于Gibson-Ashby模型分析,对模型方程的常数值进行了评估,有助于预测Zn支架的力学性能。扫描电镜研究证实,制备的样品孔隙是开放且相互连接的。x射线衍射分析表明,锌支架含有与a-Zn相相关的六方封闭排列的Zn峰,验证了支架没有污染和杂质。通过调整孔隙率,锌试样的极限抗压强度、抗压模量和平台应力范围分别为6.75 ~ 39 MPa、0.14 ~ 3.51 GPa和1.85 ~ 12.6 MPa,与松质骨相当。锌支架的平均粗糙度值为1.86µm。独创性/价值本研究拓宽了挤出式FDM打印机制造生物相容性和生物可降解金属锌支架的范围。本研究还从组织工程应用的角度揭示了孔隙度、孔隙度和支架尺寸效应等支架结构特性对其力学特性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A state-of-the-art digital factory integrating digital twin for laser additive and subtractive manufacturing processes 一个先进的数字工厂,集成了激光增材和减材制造工艺的数字孪生
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-03-2023-0113
Usman Tariq, R. Joy, Sung-Heng Wu, M. A. Mahmood, A. Malik, F. Liou
PurposeThis study aims to discuss the state-of-the-art digital factory (DF) development combining digital twins (DTs), sensing devices, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) processes. The current shortcomings and outlook of the DF also have been highlighted. A DF is a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility that uses innovative technologies, including automation, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things, additive manufacturing (AM), SM, hybrid manufacturing (HM), sensors for real-time feedback and control, and a DT, to streamline and improve manufacturing operations.Design/methodology/approachThis study presents a novel perspective on DF development using laser-based AM, SM, sensors and DTs. Recent developments in laser-based AM, SM, sensors and DTs have been compiled. This study has been developed using systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, discussing literature on the DTs for laser-based AM, particularly laser powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition, in-situ monitoring and control equipment, SM and HM. The principal goal of this study is to highlight the aspects of DF and its development using existing techniques.FindingsA comprehensive literature review finds a substantial lack of complete techniques that incorporate cyber-physical systems, advanced data analytics, AI, standardized interoperability, human–machine cooperation and scalable adaptability. The suggested DF effectively fills this void by integrating cyber-physical system components, including DT, AM, SM and sensors into the manufacturing process. Using sophisticated data analytics and AI algorithms, the DF facilitates real-time data analysis, predictive maintenance, quality control and optimal resource allocation. In addition, the suggested DF ensures interoperability between diverse devices and systems by emphasizing standardized communication protocols and interfaces. The modular and adaptable architecture of the DF enables scalability and adaptation, allowing for rapid reaction to market conditions.Originality/valueBased on the need of DF, this review presents a comprehensive approach to DF development using DTs, sensing devices, LAM and SM processes and provides current progress in this domain.
目的本研究旨在讨论最先进的数字工厂(DF)的发展,结合数字孪生(DT)、传感设备、激光增材制造(LAM)和减法制造(SM)工艺。还强调了DF目前的缺点和前景。DF是一个最先进的制造设施,使用创新技术,包括自动化、人工智能(AI)、物联网、增材制造(AM)、SM、混合制造(HM)、用于实时反馈和控制的传感器以及DT,以简化和改进制造运营。设计/方法论/方法本研究为使用基于激光的AM、SM、传感器和DTs开发测向提供了一个新的视角。对基于激光的AM、SM、传感器和DT的最新发展进行了汇编。本研究是使用系统综述和荟萃分析(PRISMA)指南进行的,讨论了激光AM的DTs文献,特别是激光粉末床聚变和直接能量沉积、原位监测和控制设备、SM和HM。本研究的主要目标是强调DF及其使用现有技术的发展。发现一项全面的文献综述发现,大量缺乏包含网络物理系统、先进数据分析、人工智能、标准化互操作性、人机合作和可扩展适应性的完整技术。建议的DF通过将网络物理系统组件(包括DT、AM、SM和传感器)集成到制造过程中,有效地填补了这一空白。DF使用复杂的数据分析和人工智能算法,促进了实时数据分析、预测性维护、质量控制和最佳资源分配。此外,建议的DF通过强调标准化的通信协议和接口来确保不同设备和系统之间的互操作性。DF的模块化和适应性架构实现了可扩展性和适应性,允许对市场条件做出快速反应。原创性/价值基于测向的需要,本综述提出了一种使用DTs、传感设备、LAM和SM工艺开发测向的综合方法,并提供了该领域的最新进展。
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引用次数: 3
Determination of cell size/structures and mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic components using X-ray technique 用x射线技术测定增材制造金属部件的电池尺寸/结构和机械性能
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-02-2023-0048
Kevin Moj, R. Owsiński, G. Robak, M. Gupta
PurposeAdditive manufacturing (AM), a rapidly evolving paradigm, has shown significant advantages over traditional subtractive processing routines by allowing for the custom creation of structural components with enhanced performance. Numerous studies have shown that the technical qualities of AM components are profoundly affected by the discovery of novel metastable substructures in diverse alloys. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cell structure parameters on its mechanical response.Design/methodology/approachInitially, a methodology was suggested for testing porous materials, focusing on static tensile testing. For a qualitative evaluation of the cellular structures produced, computed tomography (CT) was used. Then, the CT scanner was used to analyze a sample and determine its actual relative density, as well as perform a detailed geometric analysis.FindingsThe experimental research demonstrates that the mechanical properties of a cell’s structure are significantly influenced by its shape during formation. It was also determined that using selective laser melting to produce cell structures with a minimum single-cell size of approximately 2 mm would be the most appropriate method.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies of cellular structures for testing their static tensile strength are planned for the future. The study will be carried out for a larger number of samples, taking into account a wider range of cellular structure parameters. An important step will also be the verification of the results of the static tensile test using numerical analysis for the model obtained by CT scanning.Originality/valueThe fabrication of metallic parts with different cellular structures is very important with a selective laser melted machine. However, the determination of cell size and structure with mechanical properties is quiet novel in this current investigation.
增材制造(AM)是一种快速发展的范式,通过允许定制创建具有增强性能的结构部件,已经显示出与传统减法加工程序相比的显着优势。大量的研究表明,在各种合金中发现新的亚稳亚结构对AM组件的技术质量产生了深远的影响。因此,本研究的目的是确定胞体结构参数对其力学响应的影响。设计/方法/方法最初,提出了一种测试多孔材料的方法,重点是静态拉伸测试。为了对所产生的细胞结构进行定性评价,使用了计算机断层扫描(CT)。然后,使用CT扫描仪对样品进行分析,确定其实际相对密度,并进行详细的几何分析。实验研究表明,在细胞形成过程中,细胞的形状对细胞结构的力学性能有显著影响。还确定了使用选择性激光熔化来生产最小单细胞尺寸约为2mm的细胞结构将是最合适的方法。研究局限/意义未来计划对细胞结构进行进一步的研究,以测试其静态拉伸强度。这项研究将对更多的样本进行,考虑到更广泛的细胞结构参数。另一个重要的步骤是对CT扫描得到的模型进行数值分析,验证静态拉伸试验的结果。采用选择性激光熔化机加工具有不同细胞结构的金属部件是非常重要的。然而,在目前的研究中,细胞大小和结构与力学性能的测定是非常新颖的。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of FDM printing patterns on mechanical properties of ABS FDM印刷模式对ABS机械性能的影响
IF 3.9 4区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1108/rpj-04-2023-0130
Rodrigo Enzo de Prada, Guillermo Rubén Bossio, M. Bruno
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how the amount of material used and printing parameters affect the mechanical and water sorption properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene printed parts.Design/methodology/approachThe specimens were printed using different printing parameters such as shell number, infill pattern and printing orientation, while accounting for the amount of material used. The mechanical properties of the printed parts were then evaluated using tensile, compression and flexural tests, along with sorption tests.FindingsThe results revealed that the maximum tensile stress of 31.41 MPa was obtained when using 100% infill and a horizontal printing orientation. Similarly, the maximum flexural strength and compression of 40.5 MPa and 100.7 MPa, respectively, were obtained with 100% infill. The printing orientation was found to have a greater impact on mechanical behavior compared to the number of shells or infill patterns. Specifically, the horizontal printing orientation resulted in specimens with at least 25% greater strength compared to the vertical printing orientation. Furthermore, the relationship between the amount of material used and strength was evident in the tensile and flexural tests, which showed a close correlation between the two.Originality/valueThis study’s originality lies in its focus on optimizing the amount of material used to achieve the best strength-to-mass ratio and negligible water infiltration. The findings showed that specimens with two shells and a 60% infill density exhibited the best strength-to-mass ratio.
目的研究材料用量和印刷参数对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯印刷件力学性能和吸水性能的影响。设计/方法/方法使用不同的打印参数打印样本,如外壳编号、填充图案和打印方向,同时考虑使用的材料量。然后使用拉伸、压缩和弯曲测试以及吸附测试来评估印刷零件的机械性能。结果表明,最大拉应力为31.41 当使用100%填充物和水平印刷取向时获得MPa。同样,最大弯曲强度和压缩40.5 MPa和100.7 在100%填充的情况下分别获得MPa。与壳或填充图案的数量相比,打印方向对机械行为的影响更大。具体地说,与垂直印刷方向相比,水平印刷方向导致试样具有至少25%以上的强度。此外,在拉伸和弯曲试验中,材料用量与强度之间的关系是明显的,这表明两者之间有密切的相关性。独创性/价值这项研究的独创性在于它专注于优化材料的用量,以实现最佳的强度与质量比和可忽略的水渗透。研究结果表明,具有两个壳体和60%填充密度的试样表现出最佳的强度质量比。
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引用次数: 0
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Rapid Prototyping Journal
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