Objective: Exposure to potentially traumatic events during military service is associated with mental health problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. However, knowledge regarding the implications of maladaptive personality traits in psychopathology among female veterans is sparse. The present study aims to use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition-an alternative model of personality disorder, to examine associations between maladaptive personality traits, PTSD and depression symptoms, among female Israeli veterans.
Method: A volunteer sample of female Israeli combat veterans (n = 616) and noncombat veterans (n = 484) responded to self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional study.
Results: Combat veterans reported higher levels of combat exposure and PTSD symptoms, but not depressive symptoms, than noncombat veterans. Combat veterans also reported lower levels of negative affectivity but higher levels of disinhibition than noncombat veterans. All five traits were positive predictors of PTSD and depression symptoms, with psychoticism constituting the strongest predictor. A moderated-mediation analysis indicated four traits (negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, and psychoticism) that had a moderating effect on the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms, and two of the traits (antagonism and disinhibition) that had a moderate effect on the relationship between combat exposure and depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: Maladaptive personality traits play an important role in psychological distress following female veterans' combat service. Future prospective research is necessary to determine the temporal associations between preenlistment maladaptive personality traits and postdeployment mental health of veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的:服兵役期间遭受的潜在创伤事件与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和抑郁症状等心理健康问题有关。然而,有关适应不良人格特质对女性退伍军人精神病理学影响的知识却很少。本研究旨在使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版--人格障碍的替代模型,研究以色列女性退伍军人中适应不良型人格特征、创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状之间的关联:在一项横断面研究中,以色列女性参战退伍军人(616 人)和非参战退伍军人(484 人)的志愿者样本对自我报告问卷进行了回答:与非战斗退伍军人相比,参战退伍军人报告的战斗暴露和创伤后应激障碍症状水平更高,但抑郁症状却不高。与非战斗老兵相比,参战老兵的消极情绪水平较低,但抑制水平较高。所有这五种特质都是创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状的积极预测因子,其中精神病性是最强的预测因子。调节-中介分析表明,四种性格特征(消极情绪、疏离、抑制和精神病性)对战斗暴露与创伤后应激障碍症状之间的关系具有调节作用,其中两种性格特征(对抗和抑制)对战斗暴露与抑郁症状之间的关系具有温和作用:结论:适应不良的人格特质在女性退伍军人服役后的心理困扰中起着重要作用。未来有必要开展前瞻性研究,以确定退伍军人入伍前适应不良人格特质与部署后心理健康之间的时间关联。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"The contribution of maladaptive personality traits to PTSD and depression symptoms among Israeli female veterans.","authors":"Gadi Zerach, Ehud Shem Tov, Sharon Shati","doi":"10.1037/tra0001779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exposure to potentially traumatic events during military service is associated with mental health problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. However, knowledge regarding the implications of maladaptive personality traits in psychopathology among female veterans is sparse. The present study aims to use the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, fifth edition-an alternative model of personality disorder, to examine associations between maladaptive personality traits, PTSD and depression symptoms, among female Israeli veterans.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A volunteer sample of female Israeli combat veterans (<i>n</i> = 616) and noncombat veterans (<i>n</i> = 484) responded to self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Combat veterans reported higher levels of combat exposure and PTSD symptoms, but not depressive symptoms, than noncombat veterans. Combat veterans also reported lower levels of negative affectivity but higher levels of disinhibition than noncombat veterans. All five traits were positive predictors of PTSD and depression symptoms, with psychoticism constituting the strongest predictor. A moderated-mediation analysis indicated four traits (negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, and psychoticism) that had a moderating effect on the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms, and two of the traits (antagonism and disinhibition) that had a moderate effect on the relationship between combat exposure and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maladaptive personality traits play an important role in psychological distress following female veterans' combat service. Future prospective research is necessary to determine the temporal associations between preenlistment maladaptive personality traits and postdeployment mental health of veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James F M Cornwell, Michael D Wood, Ryan G Erbe, Elizabeth L Wetzler
Objective: Although research has been conducted in the last decade distinguishing between meaning in life and life satisfaction, no research has examined whether their potential moderating role in mental health problems is distinct. Among military personnel, mental health is paramount, and suicide is one of the leading causes of death.
Method: Data were collected to determine the potential moderating effects of meaning in life and/or life satisfaction of battlefield experiences on depression, anxiety, and thoughts about death (including suicidal ideation). Data were collected on 851 total military personnel, spanning two distinct survey administrations, who reported at least one combat deployment.
Results: Findings suggest that meaning in life has a significant moderating effect on the impact of life-threatening experiences on anxiety and thoughts about death (including suicidal ideation), but no moderating effect on depression. Life satisfaction had no significant moderating role for any mental health outcome.
Conclusions: This research suggests that meaning in life is a significant buffer against certain negative mental health outcomes stemming from life-threatening experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
研究目的尽管在过去十年中,已经有研究对生活意义和生活满意度进行了区分,但还没有研究探讨它们在心理健康问题中的潜在调节作用是否截然不同。在军人中,心理健康至关重要,而自杀是导致死亡的主要原因之一:收集数据以确定战场经历的人生意义和/或生活满意度对抑郁、焦虑和死亡想法(包括自杀意念)的潜在调节作用。共收集了 851 名军人的数据,这些军人在两次不同的调查中都报告了至少一次作战部署:研究结果表明,生命意义对危及生命的经历对焦虑和死亡想法(包括自杀意念)的影响有显著的调节作用,但对抑郁没有调节作用。生活满意度对任何心理健康结果都没有明显的调节作用:这项研究表明,生命意义对某些由生命威胁经历导致的负面心理健康结果具有重要的缓冲作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Meaning in life (but not life satisfaction) moderates the effects of battlefield experiences on suicidal ideation and anxiety.","authors":"James F M Cornwell, Michael D Wood, Ryan G Erbe, Elizabeth L Wetzler","doi":"10.1037/tra0001773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although research has been conducted in the last decade distinguishing between meaning in life and life satisfaction, no research has examined whether their potential moderating role in mental health problems is distinct. Among military personnel, mental health is paramount, and suicide is one of the leading causes of death.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were collected to determine the potential moderating effects of meaning in life and/or life satisfaction of battlefield experiences on depression, anxiety, and thoughts about death (including suicidal ideation). Data were collected on 851 total military personnel, spanning two distinct survey administrations, who reported at least one combat deployment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings suggest that meaning in life has a significant moderating effect on the impact of life-threatening experiences on anxiety and thoughts about death (including suicidal ideation), but no moderating effect on depression. Life satisfaction had no significant moderating role for any mental health outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research suggests that meaning in life is a significant buffer against certain negative mental health outcomes stemming from life-threatening experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aigerim Alpysbekova, Mia M Cisco, Duyen H Vo, Beyhan Ertanir, Sumeyra Sahbaz, Pablo Montero-Zamora, Tara Bautista, Carolina Scaramutti, Magdalena Bartoszak, Lea Nehme, Maria Duque, Seth J Schwartz
Objective: The present research examines the disparities among Ukrainians residing in the United States, comparing Ukrainians who migrated before the February 2022 Russian invasion against those who arrived afterward. We compare these two cohorts vis-a-vis anxiety, depressive symptoms, optimism, posttraumatic stress, life satisfaction, family economic stress, cultural stress (discrimination, negative context of reception, and language stress), hazardous alcohol use, and domestic violence perpetration and victimization.
Method: The present sample included 703 Ukrainians (53.63% women) residing in the United States. We conducted a series of multivariate analyses of variance using arrival cohort (pre- vs. postinvasion) and gender (male vs. female) as independent variables.
Results: Results indicated that postinvasion participants reported greater internalizing symptoms, cultural/economic stress, and hazardous alcohol use, whereas preinvasion arrivals reported greater levels of optimism and life satisfaction. No significant interactions between cohort and gender emerged for any of the outcomes.
Conclusion: Our findings offer valuable insights into the mental health and well-being of displaced Ukrainians within the backdrop of ongoing conflicts. These findings have significant implications for support and intervention efforts not only for Ukrainians but also for other crisis migrant groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的:本研究比较了 2022 年 2 月俄罗斯入侵之前和之后移民美国的乌克兰人,研究了居住在美国的乌克兰人之间的差异。我们比较了这两个群体在焦虑、抑郁症状、乐观情绪、创伤后应激反应、生活满意度、家庭经济压力、文化压力(歧视、消极的接收环境和语言压力)、危险饮酒以及家庭暴力的实施和受害情况等方面的差异:本样本包括 703 名居住在美国的乌克兰人(53.63% 为女性)。我们使用抵达队列(入侵前与入侵后)和性别(男性与女性)作为自变量,进行了一系列多变量方差分析:结果表明,入侵后的参与者报告了更多的内化症状、文化/经济压力和危险饮酒,而入侵前的参与者则报告了更多的乐观情绪和生活满意度。在所有结果中,队列和性别之间没有出现明显的交互作用:我们的研究结果为了解乌克兰流离失所者在持续冲突背景下的心理健康和福祉提供了宝贵的见解。这些发现不仅对乌克兰人,而且对其他危机移民群体的支持和干预工作都具有重要意义。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
{"title":"The effect of the Russian invasion on mental, social, and behavioral health among Ukrainians living in the United States.","authors":"Aigerim Alpysbekova, Mia M Cisco, Duyen H Vo, Beyhan Ertanir, Sumeyra Sahbaz, Pablo Montero-Zamora, Tara Bautista, Carolina Scaramutti, Magdalena Bartoszak, Lea Nehme, Maria Duque, Seth J Schwartz","doi":"10.1037/tra0001770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present research examines the disparities among Ukrainians residing in the United States, comparing Ukrainians who migrated before the February 2022 Russian invasion against those who arrived afterward. We compare these two cohorts vis-a-vis anxiety, depressive symptoms, optimism, posttraumatic stress, life satisfaction, family economic stress, cultural stress (discrimination, negative context of reception, and language stress), hazardous alcohol use, and domestic violence perpetration and victimization.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present sample included 703 Ukrainians (53.63% women) residing in the United States. We conducted a series of multivariate analyses of variance using arrival cohort (pre- vs. postinvasion) and gender (male vs. female) as independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that postinvasion participants reported greater internalizing symptoms, cultural/economic stress, and hazardous alcohol use, whereas preinvasion arrivals reported greater levels of optimism and life satisfaction. No significant interactions between cohort and gender emerged for any of the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings offer valuable insights into the mental health and well-being of displaced Ukrainians within the backdrop of ongoing conflicts. These findings have significant implications for support and intervention efforts not only for Ukrainians but also for other crisis migrant groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Wielgosz, Robyn D Walser, Eric Kuhn, Andrew Chang, Erin O Bantum, Ian Pagano, Beth K Jaworski, Katherine Taylor, Kelly M Ramsey, Jason E Owen
Objective: Mindfulness training can relieve posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in military veterans and others but is inconsistently accessible. Self-guided mobile apps could improve access but their acceptability, feasibility, and benefits for veterans with PTSD have not been established. We conducted a pilot randomized trial of Mindfulness Coach (MC), a free, publicly available, trauma-informed mobile app tailored to veterans.
Method: U.S. veterans with PTSD (n = 173) were randomized to self-guided use of MC or waitlist control (WLC) with 8-week follow-up. Clinical outcomes were PTSD symptoms (PTSD Symptom Checklist-5), depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, nine item), and psychosocial functioning (Brief Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning). Primary analyses were intent-to-treat using linear mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation. App uptake, objective usage, and usability ratings measured acceptance and feasibility.
Results: Participants varied in age, gender, and ethnoracial identity; most reported recent mental health care utilization. Although study attrition was high (68.4% overall) due to participant dropout (treatment: 43.0%; control: 43.7%) and technical study issues (23% overall), diagnostic tests showed no evidence of bias due to missingness. Study completers (MC: n = 19; WLC: n = 37) showed medium effects on PTSD symptoms (b = -9.31, d = -0.69) and depression (b = -3.10, d = -0.52). Higher-intensity users showed greater benefits. App engagement trended lower for women and minoritized subpopulations. No changes were observed in psychosocial functioning. Usability and helpfulness ratings were favorable.
Conclusions: Transdiagnostic clinical benefits indicate promise for MC as a public health resource for veterans with PTSD. Further study is warranted to confirm these benefits and ensure consistent engagement across subpopulations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Clinical benefits of self-guided mindfulness coach mobile app use for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot randomized control trial.","authors":"Joseph Wielgosz, Robyn D Walser, Eric Kuhn, Andrew Chang, Erin O Bantum, Ian Pagano, Beth K Jaworski, Katherine Taylor, Kelly M Ramsey, Jason E Owen","doi":"10.1037/tra0001736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mindfulness training can relieve posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in military veterans and others but is inconsistently accessible. Self-guided mobile apps could improve access but their acceptability, feasibility, and benefits for veterans with PTSD have not been established. We conducted a pilot randomized trial of Mindfulness Coach (MC), a free, publicly available, trauma-informed mobile app tailored to veterans.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>U.S. veterans with PTSD (<i>n</i> = 173) were randomized to self-guided use of MC or waitlist control (WLC) with 8-week follow-up. Clinical outcomes were PTSD symptoms (PTSD Symptom Checklist-5), depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, nine item), and psychosocial functioning (Brief Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning). Primary analyses were intent-to-treat using linear mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation. App uptake, objective usage, and usability ratings measured acceptance and feasibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants varied in age, gender, and ethnoracial identity; most reported recent mental health care utilization. Although study attrition was high (68.4% overall) due to participant dropout (treatment: 43.0%; control: 43.7%) and technical study issues (23% overall), diagnostic tests showed no evidence of bias due to missingness. Study completers (MC: <i>n</i> = 19; WLC: <i>n</i> = 37) showed medium effects on PTSD symptoms (<i>b</i> = -9.31, <i>d</i> = -0.69) and depression (<i>b</i> = -3.10, <i>d</i> = -0.52). Higher-intensity users showed greater benefits. App engagement trended lower for women and minoritized subpopulations. No changes were observed in psychosocial functioning. Usability and helpfulness ratings were favorable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transdiagnostic clinical benefits indicate promise for MC as a public health resource for veterans with PTSD. Further study is warranted to confirm these benefits and ensure consistent engagement across subpopulations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra N Brockdorf, Akemi E Mii, Anne M Haines, Anna E Jaffe
Objective: Exposure to potentially traumatic events is well-known to disrupt cognitions about the self. Among trauma-exposed college students, negative cognitions about the self can include low self-worth and heightened perception of behavioral control over outcomes (i.e., self-controllability), including overevaluation of self-control over weight, shape, and eating behaviors. Thus, posttraumatic cognitions may increase risk for eating pathology. These associations may be particularly heightened among those whose trauma was of a sexual nature, given the stigma and inaccurate rape myths that often place the blame on sexual violence survivors rather than perpetrators. Consistent with these possibilities, the present study tested whether sexual violence history moderated expected associations between lower self-worth and greater eating pathology and between greater self-controllability and eating pathology.
Method: Participants were 1,303 trauma-exposed college students (71.6% cisgender women) who completed self-report measures. Two linear regression models were examined, controlling for gender identity and posttraumatic stress symptom severity.
Results: As expected, more negative views toward the self were associated with greater eating pathology, and this association was stronger among college students who had experienced sexual violence compared with those who only experienced other trauma types. In contrast, beliefs about behavioral control over outcomes were unrelated to eating pathology regardless of trauma type.
Conclusions: Findings point to low self-worth as a cognitive target for future research and clinical efforts aimed at addressing trauma-related distress and eating pathology concurrently, especially among individuals with a history of sexual violence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的:众所周知,暴露于潜在的创伤事件会扰乱对自我的认知。在遭受创伤的大学生中,对自我的负面认知可能包括自我价值感低和对行为控制结果(即自我可控性)的感知增强,包括对体重、体形和饮食行为的自我控制能力评价过高。因此,创伤后认知可能会增加饮食病理学的风险。考虑到污名化和不准确的强奸迷思往往将责任归咎于性暴力幸存者而非施暴者,这些关联在性创伤患者中可能会尤为突出。与这些可能性相一致,本研究测试了性暴力史是否会调节较低的自我价值与较强的饮食病理学之间的预期关联,以及较强的自我控制能力与饮食病理学之间的预期关联:参与者为 1,303 名受过创伤的大学生(71.6% 为顺性性别女性),他们都完成了自我报告测量。在控制性别认同和创伤后应激症状严重程度的情况下,对两个线性回归模型进行了研究:不出所料,对自我的负面看法越多,饮食病理现象就越严重,与只经历过其他类型创伤的大学生相比,经历过性暴力的大学生与饮食病理现象的关联性更强。与此相反,无论创伤类型如何,关于行为控制结果的信念与饮食病理学无关:研究结果表明,低自我价值是未来研究和临床工作的认知目标,旨在同时解决与创伤相关的痛苦和饮食病理学问题,尤其是在有性暴力史的人群中。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Does the link between posttraumatic cognitions and eating pathology depend on trauma type? The role of sexual violence.","authors":"Alexandra N Brockdorf, Akemi E Mii, Anne M Haines, Anna E Jaffe","doi":"10.1037/tra0001762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exposure to potentially traumatic events is well-known to disrupt cognitions about the self. Among trauma-exposed college students, negative cognitions about the self can include low self-worth and heightened perception of behavioral control over outcomes (i.e., self-controllability), including overevaluation of self-control over weight, shape, and eating behaviors. Thus, posttraumatic cognitions may increase risk for eating pathology. These associations may be particularly heightened among those whose trauma was of a sexual nature, given the stigma and inaccurate rape myths that often place the blame on sexual violence survivors rather than perpetrators. Consistent with these possibilities, the present study tested whether sexual violence history moderated expected associations between lower self-worth and greater eating pathology and between greater self-controllability and eating pathology.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 1,303 trauma-exposed college students (71.6% cisgender women) who completed self-report measures. Two linear regression models were examined, controlling for gender identity and posttraumatic stress symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, more negative views toward the self were associated with greater eating pathology, and this association was stronger among college students who had experienced sexual violence compared with those who only experienced other trauma types. In contrast, beliefs about behavioral control over outcomes were unrelated to eating pathology regardless of trauma type.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings point to low self-worth as a cognitive target for future research and clinical efforts aimed at addressing trauma-related distress and eating pathology concurrently, especially among individuals with a history of sexual violence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raina V Lamade, Elise C Lopez, Samantha Calias, Elizabeth J Anderson, Mary P Koss
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify healing strategies directly from women who experienced sexual assault and sexual exploitation. The second objective was to explore secondary themes related to healing from sexual assault. This study included two quantitative objectives. The first was to examine if the frequency of reported sexual assault experienced predicted greater coping strategies and if rape that occurred in juvenile years and during college uniquely predicted reported use of more coping strategies.
Method: Using a mix-method design of college women who endorsed experiencing unwanted sexual contact as part of a survey, 283 provided details about healthy healing strategies. Qualitative responses were transcribed verbatim, and thematic classification followed an iterative process. Linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between sexual assault frequency and use of coping strategies.
Results: The most frequently endorsed categories as being helpful to one's healing were social support, proactive behavioral strategies, forgetting/ignoring/shifting focus, positive cognitive strategies, and counseling. Other themes related to healing included long-term effects, unsuccessful strategies, and posttraumatic growth. Secondary themes include validation, denial of/modified recognition of sexual assault, and specific campus environmental factors. Individuals who reported more sexual assault reported using more healing strategies.
Conclusions: This study underscores the benefits of social support and specific strategies. Results suggest a positive relationship between the number of unwanted sexual experiences and coping strategies utilized. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
研究目的本研究的首要目标是直接从经历过性侵犯和性剥削的女性那里找出治愈策略。第二个目标是探索与治愈性侵犯相关的次要主题。本研究包括两个定量目标。第一个目标是研究报告的性侵犯频率是否预示着更多的应对策略,以及发生在少年时期和大学期间的强奸是否独特地预示着报告的更多应对策略的使用:方法:采用混合方法设计,对在调查中认可经历过不想要的性接触的女大学生进行调查,283 人提供了有关健康治疗策略的详细信息。对定性回答进行了逐字转录,并按照迭代过程进行了主题分类。线性回归用于研究性侵害频率与应对策略使用之间的关系:最常被认可的有助于康复的应对策略包括社会支持、积极主动的行为策略、遗忘/遗忘/转移焦点、积极的认知策略和心理咨询。其他与治愈有关的主题包括长期影响、不成功的策略和创伤后成长。次要主题包括验证、否认/修改对性侵犯的认识以及特定的校园环境因素。报告性侵犯次数较多的人报告使用了更多的愈合策略:本研究强调了社会支持和特定策略的益处。结果表明,意外性经历的次数与所使用的应对策略之间存在正相关关系。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Healing strategies of women who experienced sexual assault: A mixed method analysis.","authors":"Raina V Lamade, Elise C Lopez, Samantha Calias, Elizabeth J Anderson, Mary P Koss","doi":"10.1037/tra0001766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of this study was to identify healing strategies directly from women who experienced sexual assault and sexual exploitation. The second objective was to explore secondary themes related to healing from sexual assault. This study included two quantitative objectives. The first was to examine if the frequency of reported sexual assault experienced predicted greater coping strategies and if rape that occurred in juvenile years and during college uniquely predicted reported use of more coping strategies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a mix-method design of college women who endorsed experiencing unwanted sexual contact as part of a survey, 283 provided details about healthy healing strategies. Qualitative responses were transcribed verbatim, and thematic classification followed an iterative process. Linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between sexual assault frequency and use of coping strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequently endorsed categories as being helpful to one's healing were social support, proactive behavioral strategies, forgetting/ignoring/shifting focus, positive cognitive strategies, and counseling. Other themes related to healing included long-term effects, unsuccessful strategies, and posttraumatic growth. Secondary themes include validation, denial of/modified recognition of sexual assault, and specific campus environmental factors. Individuals who reported more sexual assault reported using more healing strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the benefits of social support and specific strategies. Results suggest a positive relationship between the number of unwanted sexual experiences and coping strategies utilized. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salman Shaheen Ahmad, Isha Hammad, Katrina Rbeiz, Chantel T Ebrahimi, Nuha Alshabani, Merranda Marie McLaughlin, Maryam Kia-Keating, Amy Weisman de Mamani
Objective: Muslims living in the United States (MLUS), a highly heterogeneous group, experience high rates of discrimination that may cumulatively contribute to traumatic stress. This study explored whether identity-based discrimination (i.e., due to religion, gender, race) was individually and cumulatively associated with psychological distress and exposure to trauma among MLUS.
Method: Fifty-nine MLUS completed the survey at two time points (~1 year apart). We administered measures of discrimination (at Time 1), distress (at Times 1 and 2), and trauma exposure (at Time 2). Multiple linear regressions determined whether discrimination at Time 1 was associated with traumatic exposure or distress at Time 2, after controlling for covariates. Mediation analyses determined whether the relationship between cumulative discrimination and distress at Time 2 occurred via distress at Time 1.
Results: MLUS who reported experiencing both religious and racial discrimination also reported greater exposure to traumatic events, after controlling for covariates. All three forms of identity-based discrimination (religion, race, gender) were individually and cumulatively (i.e., experiencing all three) associated with distress at Time 1, but not Time 2. However, the relationships between cumulative discrimination at Time 1 and distress at Time 2 were mediated by distress at Time 1. U.S.-born Muslims were particularly at risk for experiencing discrimination, distress, and traumatic exposure.
Conclusion: Experiences of discrimination may have a cumulative impact on trauma and psychological distress among MLUS. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions that assess MLUS clients' discriminatory experiences to develop a more holistic conceptualization, better support systems, and the most effective approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Exploring cumulative identity-based discrimination, distress, and traumatic exposure among Muslims living in the United States.","authors":"Salman Shaheen Ahmad, Isha Hammad, Katrina Rbeiz, Chantel T Ebrahimi, Nuha Alshabani, Merranda Marie McLaughlin, Maryam Kia-Keating, Amy Weisman de Mamani","doi":"10.1037/tra0001764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Muslims living in the United States (MLUS), a highly heterogeneous group, experience high rates of discrimination that may cumulatively contribute to traumatic stress. This study explored whether identity-based discrimination (i.e., due to religion, gender, race) was individually and cumulatively associated with psychological distress and exposure to trauma among MLUS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-nine MLUS completed the survey at two time points (~1 year apart). We administered measures of discrimination (at Time 1), distress (at Times 1 and 2), and trauma exposure (at Time 2). Multiple linear regressions determined whether discrimination at Time 1 was associated with traumatic exposure or distress at Time 2, after controlling for covariates. Mediation analyses determined whether the relationship between cumulative discrimination and distress at Time 2 occurred via distress at Time 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MLUS who reported experiencing both religious and racial discrimination also reported greater exposure to traumatic events, after controlling for covariates. All three forms of identity-based discrimination (religion, race, gender) were individually and cumulatively (i.e., experiencing all three) associated with distress at Time 1, but not Time 2. However, the relationships between cumulative discrimination at Time 1 and distress at Time 2 were mediated by distress at Time 1. U.S.-born Muslims were particularly at risk for experiencing discrimination, distress, and traumatic exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Experiences of discrimination may have a cumulative impact on trauma and psychological distress among MLUS. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions that assess MLUS clients' discriminatory experiences to develop a more holistic conceptualization, better support systems, and the most effective approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy L Ai, John Moore, Yaacov Petscher, Catherine M Lemieux
Objective: Childhood mistreatment (CM)/victimization, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and lifetime substance-use disorders (LT-SUD) are major behavioral health concerns. Their associations were established in mainstream populations but remain under-investigated in Latinx Americans. This study aimed to model the mediating effect of PTSD in the link between CM and LT-SUD among Latinx Americans.
Method: Using a nationally representative sample (N = 2,554) from the National Latinx and Asian American Study, three path models were performed for the whole-group, U.S.-born, and foreign-born Latinx (aged 18 or over), controlling for known predictors for Latinx' mental health.
Results: Latinx reported high rates of childhood physical (32%) and sexual (11.8%) abuse. Latinx subgroups significantly varied in educational attainment, LT-SUD, income, English proficiency, and self-reported discrimination. A fully constrained multiple group path analysis demonstrated direct effects of childhood physical mistreatment (CPM) and childhood sexual mistreatment to lifetime PTSD; PTSD significantly mediated the relationship between CPM with LT-SUD. No significant differences in path coefficients were observed among the Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican subgroups.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that CPM may contribute to using substance to avoid physical and emotional pain, which lends support for the self-medication hypothesis. Latinx who were traumatized by both physical and sexual abuse are more likely to use substances as a negative coping strategy. The study underscores the need for assessing the role of substance use as a coping mechanism for Latinx individuals who have experienced childhood traumatic victimization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的:童年虐待(CM)/受害、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和终生药物滥用障碍(LT-SUD)是主要的行为健康问题。它们之间的关联已在主流人群中得到证实,但对拉美裔美国人的研究仍然不足。本研究旨在模拟创伤后应激障碍在拉美裔美国人中 CM 与 LT-SUD 之间的中介效应:方法:利用 "全国拉美和亚裔美国人研究"(National Latinx and Asian American Study)中具有全国代表性的样本(N = 2,554),针对整个群体、在美国出生的拉美人和在外国出生的拉美人(18 岁或以上)建立了三个路径模型,并控制了拉美人心理健康的已知预测因素:结果:拉丁裔报告的童年遭受身体虐待(32%)和性虐待(11.8%)的比例很高。拉丁裔亚群体在教育程度、LT-SUD、收入、英语水平和自我报告的歧视方面存在明显差异。一项完全受限的多组路径分析显示,童年身体虐待(CPM)和童年性虐待对终生创伤后应激障碍有直接影响;创伤后应激障碍对CPM与LT-SUD之间的关系有显著的中介作用。墨西哥、古巴和波多黎各亚群之间的路径系数无明显差异:研究结果表明,CPM 可能会促使人们使用药物来避免身体和情感上的痛苦,这为自我药疗假说提供了支持。同时受到身体虐待和性虐待创伤的拉丁裔更有可能使用药物作为消极的应对策略。这项研究强调,有必要评估药物使用作为一种应对机制对经历过童年创伤的拉丁裔个体所起的作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Pathways between childhood mistreatment/victimization, posttraumatic stress, and lifetime substance use disorders among Latinx nationwide.","authors":"Amy L Ai, John Moore, Yaacov Petscher, Catherine M Lemieux","doi":"10.1037/tra0001758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Childhood mistreatment (CM)/victimization, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and lifetime substance-use disorders (LT-SUD) are major behavioral health concerns. Their associations were established in mainstream populations but remain under-investigated in Latinx Americans. This study aimed to model the mediating effect of PTSD in the link between CM and LT-SUD among Latinx Americans.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a nationally representative sample (<i>N</i> = 2,554) from the National Latinx and Asian American Study, three path models were performed for the whole-group, U.S.-born, and foreign-born Latinx (aged 18 or over), controlling for known predictors for Latinx' mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latinx reported high rates of childhood physical (32%) and sexual (11.8%) abuse. Latinx subgroups significantly varied in educational attainment, LT-SUD, income, English proficiency, and self-reported discrimination. A fully constrained multiple group path analysis demonstrated direct effects of childhood physical mistreatment (CPM) and childhood sexual mistreatment to lifetime PTSD; PTSD significantly mediated the relationship between CPM with LT-SUD. No significant differences in path coefficients were observed among the Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that CPM may contribute to using substance to avoid physical and emotional pain, which lends support for the self-medication hypothesis. Latinx who were traumatized by both physical and sexual abuse are more likely to use substances as a negative coping strategy. The study underscores the need for assessing the role of substance use as a coping mechanism for Latinx individuals who have experienced childhood traumatic victimization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Line Rønning, Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand, Frederick Anyan, Odin Hjemdal, Hans Jakob Bøe
Objective: Over the past few decades, there has been a substantial increase of interest worldwide in how trauma can cause posttraumatic changes such as posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD), and whether there exist gender-specific patterns of such changes. Despite the increase in interest, no studies have yet examined PTG and PTD in gender stratified models.
Method: Latent profile analysis was used to explore PTG and PTD using the Posttraumatic Change Scale-Short Form in a gender stratified sample of Afghanistan veterans (n = 6,205, 8.3% females). Associations between profiles and predictors (trauma type), and outcome variables (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms) were explored using R3STEP and Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars procedures in Mplus.
Results: A three-profile model was found to be the best fitting model for female veterans, while a five-profile model was optimal for the male veterans, indicating there are gender-specific patterns in posttraumatic change. For both females and males, higher loads of trauma exposure were associated with conforming to the depreciation profiles, however, growth-related profiles also reported more trauma experiences than the no-change profile. Belonging to the depreciation profiles was associated with higher symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress for both female and male veterans.
Conclusion: A person may experience posttraumatic depreciation in one life domain, and at the same time growth in another. Male and female veterans differ in their unique profiles of posttraumatic change. Awareness of idiosyncratic profiles of growth and depreciation may improve postdeployment support and intervention strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Posttraumatic growth and depreciation in military veterans: A gender-stratified latent profile analysis.","authors":"Line Rønning, Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand, Frederick Anyan, Odin Hjemdal, Hans Jakob Bøe","doi":"10.1037/tra0001759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Over the past few decades, there has been a substantial increase of interest worldwide in how trauma can cause posttraumatic changes such as posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD), and whether there exist gender-specific patterns of such changes. Despite the increase in interest, no studies have yet examined PTG and PTD in gender stratified models.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Latent profile analysis was used to explore PTG and PTD using the Posttraumatic Change Scale-Short Form in a gender stratified sample of Afghanistan veterans (<i>n</i> = 6,205, 8.3% females). Associations between profiles and predictors (trauma type), and outcome variables (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms) were explored using R3STEP and Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars procedures in Mplus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A three-profile model was found to be the best fitting model for female veterans, while a five-profile model was optimal for the male veterans, indicating there are gender-specific patterns in posttraumatic change. For both females and males, higher loads of trauma exposure were associated with conforming to the depreciation profiles, however, growth-related profiles also reported more trauma experiences than the no-change profile. Belonging to the depreciation profiles was associated with higher symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress for both female and male veterans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A person may experience posttraumatic depreciation in one life domain, and at the same time growth in another. Male and female veterans differ in their unique profiles of posttraumatic change. Awareness of idiosyncratic profiles of growth and depreciation may improve postdeployment support and intervention strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of this article is to explore the relationships between two significant predictors, as indicated by existing literature, of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms: guilt and alexithymia. The investigation centers on a clinical sample of women who have encountered intimate partner violence (IPV).
Method: A total of 740 women who had experienced IPV (Mage = 42.84, SD = 11.092) were recruited to participate in this study. Mediation analysis was employed to examine the mediating role of guilt and alexithymic difficulties in the relationship between IPV and PTSD symptoms.
Results: The findings of this study provide empirical support for the mediating effects of guilt and alexithymia in the link between IPV and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, higher levels of guilt and alexithymia were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of PTSD among women with an IPV experience.
Conclusion: The results of this study have important implications for the development of interventions tailored to the specific needs of women who have experienced IPV. In particular, interventions that target and address guilt and alexithymia hold promise for effectively mitigating symptoms of PTSD in this population. By addressing these underlying factors, interventions can help women navigate their trauma, facilitate emotional processing, and support their journey toward recovery and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Guilt, alexithymia, and posttraumatic symptoms in the aftermath of intimate partner violence: A mediation analysis.","authors":"Federica Taccini, Stefania Mannarini","doi":"10.1037/tra0001763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this article is to explore the relationships between two significant predictors, as indicated by existing literature, of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms: guilt and alexithymia. The investigation centers on a clinical sample of women who have encountered intimate partner violence (IPV).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 740 women who had experienced IPV (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 42.84, <i>SD</i> = 11.092) were recruited to participate in this study. Mediation analysis was employed to examine the mediating role of guilt and alexithymic difficulties in the relationship between IPV and PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of this study provide empirical support for the mediating effects of guilt and alexithymia in the link between IPV and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, higher levels of guilt and alexithymia were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing symptoms of PTSD among women with an IPV experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study have important implications for the development of interventions tailored to the specific needs of women who have experienced IPV. In particular, interventions that target and address guilt and alexithymia hold promise for effectively mitigating symptoms of PTSD in this population. By addressing these underlying factors, interventions can help women navigate their trauma, facilitate emotional processing, and support their journey toward recovery and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}