Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of parenting-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) in parents of autistic children in Denmark and Australia, compare rates to parents of neurotypical children, and assess diagnostic concordance between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) text revision and International Classification of Diseases-11 criteria.

Method: An online survey assessed parenting-related PTSD and CPTSD in 2,971 Danish and 692 Australian parents of autistic and neurotypical children using the International Trauma Questionnaire, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Life Events Checklist. Independent t tests compared symptom severity. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios for probable PTSD and CPTSD. Diagnostic concordance was assessed using Holley and Guilford's G index.

Results: Parents of autistic children had significantly higher probable parenting-related PTSD and CPTSD rates than parents of neurotypical children. In Denmark, 6.2% met probable DSM-5 text revision PTSD criteria (vs. 2.0%), and 3.6% met International Classification of Diseases-11 CPTSD criteria (vs. 0.9%). In Australia, 16.0% met DSM-5 text revision PTSD criteria (vs. 4.3%), and 11.8% met International Classification of Diseases-11 CPTSD criteria (vs. 2.6%). Cross-country differences should be interpreted cautiously due to differing recruitment methods. Diagnostic concordance was excellent in Denmark (G = .87) and good in Australia (G = .75).

Conclusions: Parents of autistic children in Denmark and Australia exhibit significantly higher rates of parenting-related PTSD and CPTSD compared to neurotypical parents, with strong diagnostic concordance across systems. Further research is needed to identify trauma-related outcomes in this population and clarify contributing risk and protective factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Minority stress refers to the chronic stressors (i.e., discrimination, victimization, internalized stigma) that marginalized individuals experience, which increase the risk of psychopathology. Minority stress experiences are rarely considered during diagnostic assessment due to challenges in clinical application, as clinicians may not know what questions to ask or may hesitate to ask about identity-based experiences. To address this need, the Minority Stress Module (MSM) was developed for the Diagnostic Assessment Research Tool to facilitate minority stress assessment. An overview of its development and implications for diagnostic assessment are presented.

Method: The development of the MSM was led by a team with expertise in minority stress and diagnostic assessment. Item development was guided by: (a) Meyer's (2003) Minority Stress Model and associated research; (b) the team's experience providing care to equity-denied individuals; and (c) insights from consultation with members of equity-denied groups.

Results: The MSM is a brief semistructured interview consisting of 13 questions related to symptoms, experiences, and resilience factors associated with minority stress. The MSM aims to improve therapeutic rapport, case conceptualization, diagnostic decision making, and treatment planning when working with individuals from equity-denied groups.

Conclusions: Integrating minority stress assessment into diagnostic assessment is critical for developing diagnostic impressions and tailored treatment recommendations that consider contextual information. The MSM can facilitate this process, and its inclusion in the Diagnostic Assessment Research Tool will improve clinicians' access to a standardized minority stress assessment tool for clinical practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Insomnia within the immediate aftermath of trauma is a key risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is unknown who is most at risk for insomnia after trauma, obstructing the ability to identify high-risk groups in need of early intervention. We examined whether individuals with high sleep reactivity-a trait vulnerability to sleep disturbance after stress-are vulnerable to posttrauma insomnia and subsequent PTSD.

Method: We recruited 88 participants hospitalized in a Level I trauma center in Detroit, MI following traumatic injury (M_age = 39.53 ± SD 14.31 years, 67.0% male, 67.0% Black, 47.7% income ≤$20,000). Patients reported trait sleep reactivity within 1 week of trauma (during hospitalization), posttrauma insomnia 1 month later (n = 61), and PTSD 2 months later (n = 59).

Results: Patients without a history of insomnia who had high sleep reactivity were twice as likely to report acute insomnia 1-month posttrauma (55.2% vs. 28.6%) and 4.1 times more likely to report PTSD 2-month posttrauma (45.5% vs. 11.1%). The pathogenicity of insomnia on future PTSD was stronger for patients with high sleep reactivity: among patients with insomnia 1-month posttrauma, those with high sleep reactivity reported more severe PTSD 2-month posttrauma (M_PTSD = 29.94) than those with low reactivity (M_PTSD = 9.84; g = 1.43; p = .002).

Conclusions: These novel longitudinal findings indicate highly reactive sleepers are most vulnerable to acute insomnia immediately after trauma that confers future risk for clinically significant PTSD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Latin American immigrant families with young children may endure traumas in home countries and throughout their journey to the United States. Current evidence suggests that unresolved traumas adversely affect both parents and children in relation to parenting capacities, positive relationships, and healthy child development, necessitating culturally responsive interventions. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes of trauma-focused child-parent psychotherapy (CPP) for Latin American immigrant mothers with young children living in the northeastern United States.

Method: Eighty-three parent-child dyads participated in the community-based intervention and baseline evaluation. Participants enrolled in an application of CPP that addressed child trauma and development, parental trauma symptoms, and enhancing parent-child relationships. Fifty-five parents completed pre- and postassessments concerning both parental and child outcomes. We conducted paired t tests to assess changes in outcomes between pre- and postintervention among participants and applied repeated-measures linear effects models to examine whether changes in outcomes varied by participants' baseline posttraumatic stress disorder risk.

Results: Results from paired t test (n = 55) demonstrated significant decrease in maternal mental health symptoms and trauma-related stress, as well as improvements in parental reflective functioning, family protective factors, and child socioemotional development. Subgroup analysis based on posttraumatic stress disorder risk groups suggested that participants who were at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder showed greater improvements in psychosocial outcomes and parenting capacities, in contrast to their counterparts.

Conclusions: Results from this study indicate the feasibility and efficacy of an application of CPP for Latin American immigrant families with young children. Future research is needed to better understand the implementation of interventions to support mental health and parenting for immigrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Previous research demonstrates that evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are effective in reducing postconcussive-like symptoms (PCS) in mixed samples of veterans with PTSD, both with and without mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the impact of intensive treatment programs (ITPs) on PCS symptom reduction remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine changes in PCS following participation in two cognitive processing therapy-based ITPs and to evaluate the association between PCS and symptom reduction posttreatment. Additionally, the study compared PCS reduction between veterans with PTSD alone and those with PTSD and a history of mTBI.

Method: Participants were 328 veterans and service members with PTSD underwent a 2-week ITP and 269 veterans in the 3-week ITP, both cognitive processing therapy focused. Symptom reduction was measured using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI).

Results: Significant reductions in PCS were found for the 2-week (d = 0.54) and 3-week ITPs (d = 0.50). Greater PTSD symptom reduction was associated with more NSI reduction. NSI change was broadly consistent among those with (d = 0.58) and without TBI (d = 0.52). Veterans with mTBI demonstrated higher NSI scores across program time points, though the NSI improvement during the program did not significantly differ from those without a history of mTBI.

Conclusions: cognitive processing therapy-focused ITPs can be effective in reducing PCS in veterans with PTSD and those who have a history of mTBI and the symptom reduction is directly related to the reduction in PTSD symptoms. This research highlights the effectiveness of interventions targeting on addressing psychological disorder, particularly PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Since its original publication in 1996, the 21-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) has been widely used to assess the experience of personal growth following trauma. In 2017, the expanded 25-item version (PTGI-X) was introduced to better capture spiritual and existential change. In this study, we aimed to develop a short form version of the PTGI-X (PTGI-X-SF) that retains all five domains of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a brief, clinically useful format.

Method: An international sample of 2,093 adults who had completed the PTGI-X in a prior study was analyzed. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure of the proposed short form.

Results: The resulting PTGI-X-SF includes 10 items-two from each of the five original PTGI subscales. The 10 SF items subjected to confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable model fit, supporting the validity of the PTGI-X-SF as a brief measure of PTG, which we believe preserves the depth and breadth of the original scale.

Conclusions: The PTGI-X-SF offers a concise, psychometrically grounded tool for assessing PTG across all original domains. It can be used in diverse settings and populations, complementing standard trauma assessments to provide a fuller picture of individuals' responses to adversity. We believe the instrument is a validated, efficient, and globally applicable short-form measure of PTG suitable for use in both research and clinical settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: At the population level, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to have a detrimental influence on health and well-being in later life. Research is key to guiding prevention and intervention initiatives by elucidating how childhood adversity experiences impact development. With this objective in mind, our investigation focuses on aspects of adolescent development that are sensitive to ACE exposure and implicated in adult psychopathology: namely, pubertal timing and cognitive self-regulation (i.e., executive functions: EF).

Method: Mediation models were tested using data from a large-scale, nationally representative sample of American youth (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study; N = 11,878, 52% male, 52.4% White, 13.4% Black, 24.0% Hispanic). Concurrent models assessed the integrity of adolescents' core EF abilities via performance on tasks of response inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility (baseline assessment; 9-10 years), whereas prospective models examined adolescents' day-to-day EF via parent ratings of their behavior (follow-up assessment; 12-13 years).

Results: For females, but not males, earlier pubertal timing mediated pathways between greater ACE exposure and worse EF, as reflected in lower task performance (baseline) and greater behavioral challenges (follow up).

Conclusions: These findings suggest there may be sex-specific pathways through which early adversity experiences impact development, with puberty emerging as a particularly important consideration for females vis-à-vis adolescent refinements in their capacity for cognitive self-regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Exposure to war profoundly impacts psychological health and may impair early mother-infant bonding, posing a risk to the long-term mother-child relationship and child development. This study investigated the direct and indirect links between cumulative war exposure and different war-related stressors (direct exposure, bereavement and loss, secondary exposure, and instability) and bonding impairment. Maternal posttraumatic responses (posttraumatic stress and somatic symptoms) were tested as mediators.

Method: A sample of 555 Israeli postpartum women (M_age = 33.23, SD = 4.63), with infants ranging from 1 to 12 months old (M = 5.16, SD = 2.92), completed measures of war exposure, posttraumatic responses, bonding impairment, and infant negative affect.

Results: Greater cumulative war exposure predicted higher maternal posttraumatic responses, which, in turn, were associated with greater bonding impairment. Simultaneously, a direct negative path emerged between cumulative exposure and bonding impairment, with higher exposure linked to lower bonding impairment. In analyzing the distinct stressors, bereavement and loss showed a direct negative path, but an indirect positive path (via posttraumatic responses), to bonding impairment. Direct exposure and instability were also linked to greater bonding impairment indirectly, via higher maternal posttraumatic responses. Secondary exposure showed no significant effects.

Conclusions: These results highlight the dual impact of war exposure, where maternal distress undermines bonding while certain trauma exposures may elicit adaptive caregiving responses. Interventions that alleviate maternal posttraumatic distress while strengthening adaptive caregiving behaviors are essential for reducing the risk of bonding impairment in the context of war-related adversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves assessing whether a traumatic event meets Criterion A, which is necessary to establish symptom severity and a potential PTSD diagnosis. As research moves online, methods to establish Criterion A have varied widely, influencing the accuracy and consistency of PTSD diagnoses. Literature suggests relying solely on self-assessment of trauma experiences may be problematic. This study evaluated whether integration of large language models (LLMs) directly into online self-report data collection could enhance assessment of Criterion A for PTSD.

Method: The present study leveraged LLMs to test a new method for enhancing the online assessment of Criterion A from self-report. Adults (N = 110) completed the extended Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. An LLM was integrated directly into the online survey tool Qualtrics and utilized via Application Programming Interface to code text descriptions to actively follow up with participants by providing additional questions/prompts. Four clinician raters independently evaluated the text descriptions after data collection was complete to determine the proportion of individuals meeting Criterion A and to establish interrater reliability with LLMs.

Results: The percentage of participants who met Criterion A based on clinician ratings was increased from an average of 65% (range: 59%-71%) at the first description to an average of 86% across all follow-up clarifications. However, interrater reliability of LLMs with clinician raters was only fair, original LLM mean κ = 0.26 (κ range: 0.18-0.46), newer LLM mean κ = 0.35 (κ range: 0.23-0.47).

Conclusions: Findings suggest that use of LLMs for enhancing Criterion A assessment led to increased information from participants, leading to greater reporting of events meeting Criterion A. However, LLMs did not provide determination of Criterion A on par with clinicians. Findings highlight the need for further assessment of integrating LLMs into online research or treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The present study aimed to explore several dimensions and potential factors of the mental state of the Ukrainian population during the Russia-Ukraine war which began on February 24, 2022. Specifically, relationships between complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) overall, individual CPTSD symptoms, and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) were investigated. Additionally, differences in overall CPTSD, individual CPTSD symptoms, and PGD were examined concerning various sociodemographic factors (e.g., age or place of residence) and personal exposure to death.

Method: The study was conducted with a sample of 359 Ukrainian participants (87.2% females, M_age = 36.81, SD = 9.97) who were living in Ukraine at the onset of the war. Measures included assessments of CPTSD, PGD, and sociodemographic data.

Results: Significant positive associations were identified between CPTSD overall, intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal, PGD, and age. Significant differences were observed between participants who had a relative who died in this war and those exposed to the death of an acquaintance regarding CPTSD and PGD, with participants who have lost a relative reporting higher scores compared with those exposed to the death of an acquaintance. Furthermore, 33.4% of respondents likely exhibit diagnostic symptoms of CPTSD and 18.11% likely exhibit diagnostic symptoms of PGD.

Conclusions: This research contributes to the understanding of CPTSD and PGD within the context of a contemporary war. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).