Objective: Belsky's parenting model provides insight into the relationship between parental psychological status and parenting behaviors. However, little is known about the unique associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with specific parenting behaviors. This study aimed to assess the associations of PTSD symptoms and three types of parenting behaviors (rejection, emotional warmth, and overprotection) with marital satisfaction, and to examine gender differences in these associations.
Method: Self-report questionnaires were used to survey 4,570 parents 3 months after Typhoon Lekima in China.
Results: The results showed that intrusion and avoidance symptoms had positively indirect associations with emotional warmth and negatively indirect associations with rejection and overprotection via marital satisfaction. However, negative cognitive and emotional alterations (NCEA) and hyperarousal symptoms had opposite relationships with three types of parenting behavior. A gender-moderated mediation relationship was found in the associations of PTSD symptoms and parenting behaviors via marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationships between four PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior in mothers, whereas in fathers, marital satisfaction mediated only the relationships of NCEA and hyperarousal symptoms with three types of parenting behavior.
Conclusions: Marital satisfaction mediated the associations between four distinct PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior, and a gender difference was found to be in these indirect relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Gender differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms, marital satisfaction, and parenting behaviors in adults following typhoon Lekima.","authors":"Jia-Li Huang, Yafit Levin, Rahel Bachem, Xiao Zhou","doi":"10.1037/tra0001563","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Belsky's parenting model provides insight into the relationship between parental psychological status and parenting behaviors. However, little is known about the unique associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with specific parenting behaviors. This study aimed to assess the associations of PTSD symptoms and three types of parenting behaviors (rejection, emotional warmth, and overprotection) with marital satisfaction, and to examine gender differences in these associations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Self-report questionnaires were used to survey 4,570 parents 3 months after Typhoon Lekima in China.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that intrusion and avoidance symptoms had positively indirect associations with emotional warmth and negatively indirect associations with rejection and overprotection via marital satisfaction. However, negative cognitive and emotional alterations (NCEA) and hyperarousal symptoms had opposite relationships with three types of parenting behavior. A gender-moderated mediation relationship was found in the associations of PTSD symptoms and parenting behaviors via marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationships between four PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior in mothers, whereas in fathers, marital satisfaction mediated only the relationships of NCEA and hyperarousal symptoms with three types of parenting behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Marital satisfaction mediated the associations between four distinct PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior, and a gender difference was found to be in these indirect relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"881-891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1037/tra0001535
Nelson C Y Yeung, Jeremy L T Tang, Kam Hei Hui, Stephanie T Y Lau, Annie W L Cheung, Eliza L Y Wong
Objective: Healthcare professionals are highly susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes amid the COVID-19 pandemic due to their job duties. As the largest part of the healthcare workforce, growing attention has been paid to nurses' adjustments to the pandemic. Despite the distress, recent studies found that nurses could still experience positive changes (i.e., adversarial growth, AG) during the pandemic. Research on the general populations has indicated that individuals' stress responses, coping resources, and coping strategies are associated with their AG during the pandemic. This study examined how sociodemographic characteristics, secondary traumatic and posttraumatic stress, coping resources, and coping strategies were associated with AG among nurses in Hong Kong amid the fifth wave (i.e., the most disastrous wave) of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: Recruited through local nursing associations between May 24 and June 13, 2022, 209 nurses in Hong Kong completed an online questionnaire measuring the abovementioned variables.
Results: Hierarchical regression results found that those affiliating with a religion, having participated in mental health-related workshops, higher levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS), social support, job satisfaction, plus more frequent emotional processing were associated with higher AG (βs ranging from 0.15 to 0.31, ps < .01).
Conclusions: Nurses did report AG during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. To promote AG among those nurses, future interventions should enhance nurses' understanding about the potential impact of STS on their well-being, solicit their interpersonal and work-related coping resources, plus facilitate their use of effective coping strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"\"The light after the storm\": Psychosocial correlates of adversarial growth among nurses in Hong Kong amid the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Nelson C Y Yeung, Jeremy L T Tang, Kam Hei Hui, Stephanie T Y Lau, Annie W L Cheung, Eliza L Y Wong","doi":"10.1037/tra0001535","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Healthcare professionals are highly susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes amid the COVID-19 pandemic due to their job duties. As the largest part of the healthcare workforce, growing attention has been paid to nurses' adjustments to the pandemic. Despite the distress, recent studies found that nurses could still experience positive changes (i.e., adversarial growth, AG) during the pandemic. Research on the general populations has indicated that individuals' stress responses, coping resources, and coping strategies are associated with their AG during the pandemic. This study examined how sociodemographic characteristics, secondary traumatic and posttraumatic stress, coping resources, and coping strategies were associated with AG among nurses in Hong Kong amid the fifth wave (i.e., the most disastrous wave) of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Recruited through local nursing associations between May 24 and June 13, 2022, 209 nurses in Hong Kong completed an online questionnaire measuring the abovementioned variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hierarchical regression results found that those affiliating with a religion, having participated in mental health-related workshops, higher levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS), social support, job satisfaction, plus more frequent emotional processing were associated with higher AG (βs ranging from 0.15 to 0.31, <i>p</i>s < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurses did report AG during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. To promote AG among those nurses, future interventions should enhance nurses' understanding about the potential impact of STS on their well-being, solicit their interpersonal and work-related coping resources, plus facilitate their use of effective coping strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"989-998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10042308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1037/tra0001498
Nalan Zhan, Lan Zhang, Mingliang Gong, Fulei Geng
Objective: Although irritability, anger, and aggression are diagnostic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), their clinical significance and associations with psychopathology remain unclear.
Method: In a sample of community adults with probable PTSD (n = 151), we measured irritability, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility with the Brief Irritability Test and the Brief Aggression Questionnaire. Participants' psychopathology, including depression, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychotic-like experiences, insomnia, as well as suicidal behaviors were also assessed.
Results: Correlation analysis showed that irritability and anger were modestly related to all PTSD dimensions; physical aggression was related to avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM), and hyperarousal; hostility was related to reexperiencing, NACM, and hyperarousal; while verbal aggression was not significantly related to any PTSD dimensions. After adjustment for trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, irritability was associated with almost all psychopathology and suicidal behaviors, however, anger, hostility, and aggression were sparsely related to some psychopathology or suicidal behaviors. Particularly, anger was only related to ADHD and insomnia. Latent profile analysis based on PTSD, irritability, anger, hostility, and aggression indicated two discrete subgroups: the high severity group (33.8%) and the low severity group (66.2%), with high severity group reporting higher rates of comorbidity and suicidal behaviors.
Conclusions: The findings support irritability, aggression, anger, and hostility as separate constructs; moreover, irritability, anger, and aggression should be independently measured in PTSD. Our findings also suggest the significance of irritability as a separate hallmark of PTSD and the need to incorporate PTSD dimensions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的尽管易怒、愤怒和攻击性是创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的诊断症状,但它们的临床意义以及与精神病理学的关系仍不清楚:我们以可能患有创伤后应激障碍的社区成年人为样本(n = 151),通过简易易怒测试和简易攻击性问卷测量了易怒、肢体攻击性、言语攻击性、愤怒和敌意。我们还评估了参与者的精神病理学,包括抑郁、注意力缺陷和多动症(ADHD)、精神病样体验、失眠以及自杀行为:相关性分析表明,易怒和愤怒与创伤后应激障碍的所有方面都有一定关系;肢体攻击与回避、认知和情绪的负面改变(NACM)和过度焦虑有关;敌意与再体验、NACM和过度焦虑有关;而言语攻击与创伤后应激障碍的任何方面都没有显著关系。在对创伤暴露和创伤后应激障碍症状进行调整后,易怒几乎与所有的精神病理学和自杀行为相关,然而,愤怒、敌意和攻击性则与某些精神病理学或自杀行为关系不大。尤其是,愤怒只与多动症和失眠有关。基于创伤后应激障碍、易激惹、愤怒、敌意和攻击性的潜在特征分析显示出两个不同的亚组:严重程度高的组别(33.8%)和严重程度低的组别(66.2%),其中严重程度高的组别报告的合并症和自杀行为发生率较高:研究结果支持将易怒、攻击性、愤怒和敌意作为独立的概念;此外,应独立测量创伤后应激障碍患者的易怒、愤怒和攻击性。我们的研究结果还表明,易怒是创伤后应激障碍的一个独立特征,具有重要意义,而且有必要纳入创伤后应激障碍的维度。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Clinical correlates of irritability, anger, hostility, and aggression in posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Nalan Zhan, Lan Zhang, Mingliang Gong, Fulei Geng","doi":"10.1037/tra0001498","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although irritability, anger, and aggression are diagnostic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), their clinical significance and associations with psychopathology remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a sample of community adults with probable PTSD (<i>n</i> = 151), we measured irritability, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility with the Brief Irritability Test and the Brief Aggression Questionnaire. Participants' psychopathology, including depression, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychotic-like experiences, insomnia, as well as suicidal behaviors were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlation analysis showed that irritability and anger were modestly related to all PTSD dimensions; physical aggression was related to avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM), and hyperarousal; hostility was related to reexperiencing, NACM, and hyperarousal; while verbal aggression was not significantly related to any PTSD dimensions. After adjustment for trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, irritability was associated with almost all psychopathology and suicidal behaviors, however, anger, hostility, and aggression were sparsely related to some psychopathology or suicidal behaviors. Particularly, anger was only related to ADHD and insomnia. Latent profile analysis based on PTSD, irritability, anger, hostility, and aggression indicated two discrete subgroups: the high severity group (33.8%) and the low severity group (66.2%), with high severity group reporting higher rates of comorbidity and suicidal behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings support irritability, aggression, anger, and hostility as separate constructs; moreover, irritability, anger, and aggression should be independently measured in PTSD. Our findings also suggest the significance of irritability as a separate hallmark of PTSD and the need to incorporate PTSD dimensions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1055-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9356540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1037/tra0001541
Sydney T Johnson, Dunia Dadi, Jessica K Friedman, Stephanie Hanson, Rebecca L Emery Tavernier, Susan M Mason
Objective: A growing body of literature suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor capable of causing posttraumatic stress symptoms. People with a history of trauma, particularly those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may be particularly vulnerable to the negative mental health impacts of the pandemic. However, qualitative research exploring potential differences in the lived experiences of and reactions to COVID-19 between people with and without PTSD is lacking.
Method: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 31 women (n = 15 women with probable PTSD, n = 16 women without probable PTSD) recruited from an ongoing U.S.-based cohort study. Themes were identified using inductive thematic analysis.
Results: The majority of women with PTSD described their level of fear or perceived safety related to COVID-19 as a major factor influencing their mental health during the pandemic. In contrast, women without PTSD indicated that their level of distress was largely driven by pandemic-related restrictions on normal activities and family events. Many women with PTSD also described feeling anger or frustration toward people they perceived as not taking the COVID-19 pandemic seriously. Only one participant without PTSD expressed similar feelings.
Conclusions: This study found notable differences in reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic between people with and without PTSD, with findings that are likely relevant to future disasters. These findings can inform the development of preparedness policies for future disasters, pandemics, or other collective traumas to prevent distress and improve mental health, particularly for vulnerable populations such as individuals with preexisting PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"The role of prior trauma exposure and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder in reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.","authors":"Sydney T Johnson, Dunia Dadi, Jessica K Friedman, Stephanie Hanson, Rebecca L Emery Tavernier, Susan M Mason","doi":"10.1037/tra0001541","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A growing body of literature suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor capable of causing posttraumatic stress symptoms. People with a history of trauma, particularly those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may be particularly vulnerable to the negative mental health impacts of the pandemic. However, qualitative research exploring potential differences in the lived experiences of and reactions to COVID-19 between people with and without PTSD is lacking.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semistructured interviews were conducted with 31 women (<i>n</i> = 15 women with probable PTSD, <i>n</i> = 16 women without probable PTSD) recruited from an ongoing U.S.-based cohort study. Themes were identified using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of women with PTSD described their level of fear or perceived safety related to COVID-19 as a major factor influencing their mental health during the pandemic. In contrast, women without PTSD indicated that their level of distress was largely driven by pandemic-related restrictions on normal activities and family events. Many women with PTSD also described feeling anger or frustration toward people they perceived as not taking the COVID-19 pandemic seriously. Only one participant without PTSD expressed similar feelings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found notable differences in reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic between people with and without PTSD, with findings that are likely relevant to future disasters. These findings can inform the development of preparedness policies for future disasters, pandemics, or other collective traumas to prevent distress and improve mental health, particularly for vulnerable populations such as individuals with preexisting PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"942-949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10837322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9988102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1037/tra0001470
Tom IJdema, Odilia M Laceulle, Kathleen Thomaes, Kees Korrelboom
Objective: Dual-tasking studies show that emotionality and vividness of aversive memory decrease by engaging in a working memory task and simultaneous recall of that memory. Adding positive valence to a dual task might be a promising innovation in the amelioration of lab-induced memory. However, studies aiming to translate these findings into autobiographical memory of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) population find conflicting results or show methodological flaws. The current study assesses the benefit of adding positive valence to a dual-tasking procedure in PTSD patients.
Method: In a cross-over design PTSD patients (N = 33) recalled their traumatic memory and received the following three conditions in randomized order: rating positive pictures + exposure, rating neutral pictures + exposure, and exposure only. Each of the three conditions consisted of four sets of 1 min. In the first cycle, participants were exposed to each condition in a randomized order, which was then repeated in a second cycle. Before and after each condition, emotionality and vividness were rated on a visual analog scale (VAS), resulting in seven measurement timepoints in total.
Results: Firstly, repeated measures ANOVAs showed a time effect: memories were less emotional and vivid after our summed (three) interventions. Secondly, repeated measures ANCOVAs indicated no evidence for differences between the conditions.
Conclusions: We did not find evidence for a benefit of adding positive valence to a dual-task procedure in PTSD patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
研究目的双重任务研究表明,通过参与工作记忆任务和同时回忆该记忆,会降低厌恶记忆的情绪性和生动性。在双重任务中加入积极情绪可能是改善实验室诱发记忆的一种有前途的创新。然而,旨在将这些发现转化为创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)人群自传体记忆的研究却发现了相互矛盾的结果或方法上的缺陷。本研究评估了在创伤后应激障碍患者的双重任务程序中加入积极情绪的益处:在交叉设计中,创伤后应激障碍患者(N = 33)回忆起他们的创伤记忆,并按随机顺序接受以下三种条件:评定积极图片+暴露、评定中性图片+暴露和仅暴露。这三个条件中的每个条件都包含四组,每组 1 分钟。在第一个循环中,受试者按随机顺序接触每个条件,然后在第二个循环中重复接触。在每个条件之前和之后,用视觉模拟量表(VAS)对情绪和生动性进行评分,总共有七个测量时间点:结果:首先,重复测量方差分析显示出时间效应:在我们的总和(三次)干预后,记忆的情感性和生动性都有所降低。其次,重复测量方差分析显示,没有证据表明不同条件之间存在差异:结论:我们没有发现在创伤后应激障碍患者的双任务程序中添加积极情绪有益的证据。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Valenced dual tasking in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Tom IJdema, Odilia M Laceulle, Kathleen Thomaes, Kees Korrelboom","doi":"10.1037/tra0001470","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dual-tasking studies show that emotionality and vividness of aversive memory decrease by engaging in a working memory task and simultaneous recall of that memory. Adding positive valence to a dual task might be a promising innovation in the amelioration of lab-induced memory. However, studies aiming to translate these findings into autobiographical memory of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) population find conflicting results or show methodological flaws. The current study assesses the benefit of adding positive valence to a dual-tasking procedure in PTSD patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a cross-over design PTSD patients (<i>N</i> = 33) recalled their traumatic memory and received the following three conditions in randomized order: rating positive pictures + exposure, rating neutral pictures + exposure, and exposure only. Each of the three conditions consisted of four sets of 1 min. In the first cycle, participants were exposed to each condition in a randomized order, which was then repeated in a second cycle. Before and after each condition, emotionality and vividness were rated on a visual analog scale (VAS), resulting in seven measurement timepoints in total.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Firstly, repeated measures ANOVAs showed a time effect: memories were less emotional and vivid after our summed (three) interventions. Secondly, repeated measures ANCOVAs indicated no evidence for differences between the conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We did not find evidence for a benefit of adding positive valence to a dual-task procedure in PTSD patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"892-902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9590263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1037/tra0001585
Chuqian Chen, Suqin Tang, Liping Wu
Objective: Network analyses showed that the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom structures may vary across traumatic events and types of survivors. However, the structure of PTSD symptoms in COVID-19 bereavement remains unknown. This study aimed to depict the structure of the PTSD symptom network and illuminate how the quality of the predeath relationship between the bereaved and the deceased links to the PTSD symptom network.
Method: Using self-reported data from 408 COVID-19 bereaved adults (225 male and 183 female) collected within 9-month postbereavement, we constructed two graphical lasso networks of PTSD symptoms.
Results: Symptoms with the highest centrality were exaggerated startle, negative emotional states, and reckless/self-destructive behavior, with exaggerated startle having relatively low predictability. The strongest connections were found between exaggerated starkness and detachment, and between psychological cue response and thoughts of avoidance. Moreover, closeness to and conflict with the deceased were linked to the PTSD symptom network through nightmares and physiological cue reactivity, respectively.
Conclusions: This study extends our understanding of what PTSD is for people who are bereaved due to the COVID-19 pandemic by unveiling the structure of the PTSD symptom network. It also helps to distinguish the symptom-level links between quality of relationship with deceased and PTSD among the bereaved. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的:网络分析显示,创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状结构可能因创伤事件和幸存者类型而异。然而,COVID-19 丧亲创伤后应激障碍症状的结构仍然未知。本研究旨在描绘创伤后应激障碍症状网络的结构,并阐明丧亲者与逝者之间逝世前关系的质量如何与创伤后应激障碍症状网络相关联:通过收集408名COVID-19丧亲成年人(225名男性和183名女性)在丧亲后9个月内的自我报告数据,我们构建了两个创伤后应激障碍症状拉索网络图:中心度最高的症状是夸张性惊吓、负面情绪状态和鲁莽/自毁行为,其中夸张性惊吓的可预测性相对较低。夸张惊恐与疏离之间、心理暗示反应与回避想法之间的联系最强。此外,与逝者的亲密关系和冲突分别通过噩梦和生理线索反应与创伤后应激障碍症状网络相关联:本研究通过揭示创伤后应激障碍症状网络的结构,扩展了我们对因 COVID-19 大流行而失去亲人者的创伤后应激障碍的理解。它还有助于区分丧亲者与逝者关系的质量与创伤后应激障碍之间在症状层面的联系。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"A network analysis of posttraumatic stress symptoms and quality of relationship with deceased in COVID-19 bereaved adults.","authors":"Chuqian Chen, Suqin Tang, Liping Wu","doi":"10.1037/tra0001585","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Network analyses showed that the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom structures may vary across traumatic events and types of survivors. However, the structure of PTSD symptoms in COVID-19 bereavement remains unknown. This study aimed to depict the structure of the PTSD symptom network and illuminate how the quality of the predeath relationship between the bereaved and the deceased links to the PTSD symptom network.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using self-reported data from 408 COVID-19 bereaved adults (225 male and 183 female) collected within 9-month postbereavement, we constructed two graphical lasso networks of PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Symptoms with the highest centrality were exaggerated startle, negative emotional states, and reckless/self-destructive behavior, with exaggerated startle having relatively low predictability. The strongest connections were found between exaggerated starkness and detachment, and between psychological cue response and thoughts of avoidance. Moreover, closeness to and conflict with the deceased were linked to the PTSD symptom network through nightmares and physiological cue reactivity, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study extends our understanding of what PTSD is for people who are bereaved due to the COVID-19 pandemic by unveiling the structure of the PTSD symptom network. It also helps to distinguish the symptom-level links between quality of relationship with deceased and PTSD among the bereaved. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"930-941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10227500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1037/tra0001577
Madalyn M Liautaud, H Jonathon Rendina, Danielle S Berke
Objective: Identity-based stress and trauma are key drivers of alcohol use-related health inequities among minoritized people. Research on intersectional experiences of identity-based stress and alcohol use among trauma-exposed minoritized people is scant. This pilot study used a 30-day diary design to examine the effect of identity-based discrimination exposure on alcohol use in a racially diverse sample of trauma-exposed sexual minoritized (SM) adults (N = 47; 63.8% cisgender female; 65.2% Black, Indigenous, and People of Color [BIPOC]).
Method: Multilevel logistic regression models were used to evaluate whether days marked by any (vs. no) identity-based discrimination were concurrently or prospectively associated with increased likelihood of reporting a higher (vs. lower) level of drinking-and whether these associations differed by race/ethnicity.
Results: Discrimination was associated with increased likelihood of reporting a higher level of same-day drinking (B = 0.91, p = .03), but did not predict next-day drinking. BIPOC (vs. White) individuals were less likely to report a higher drinking level on or following nondiscrimination days (Bs = -2.18 to -1.52, ps ≤ .005), but more likely to do so on or following discrimination days (Bs = 1.13-1.60, ps ≤ .03).
Conclusions: Results suggest that everyday discrimination may create insidious risk for coping-motivated alcohol use among SM BIPOC, a subgroup that otherwise exhibits resilience with respect to drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的:基于身份的压力和创伤是造成少数群体中与饮酒有关的健康不平等的主要原因。有关受创伤影响的少数群体中基于身份的压力和饮酒的交叉体验的研究很少。本试验性研究采用 30 天日记设计,以受创伤的未成年性行为者(SM)成人(N = 47;63.8% 为顺性性别女性;65.2% 为黑人、土著人和有色人种 [BIPOC])为种族多样性样本,研究基于身份的歧视对饮酒的影响:方法:采用多层次逻辑回归模型来评估任何(与无)基于身份的歧视是否与报告较高(与较低)饮酒水平的可能性增加同时或持续相关,以及这些相关性是否因种族/族裔而异:结果:歧视与报告当天较高饮酒水平的可能性增加有关(B = 0.91,p = .03),但不能预测第二天的饮酒水平。BIPOC(与白人相比)在非歧视日或之后报告较高饮酒水平的可能性较低(Bs = -2.18 to -1.52, ps ≤ .005),但在歧视日或之后报告较高饮酒水平的可能性较高(Bs = 1.13-1.60, ps ≤ .03):结果表明,在 SM BIPOC 中,日常歧视可能会造成应对动机型饮酒的隐性风险,而这个亚群体在饮酒方面却表现出很强的适应能力。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
{"title":"Examining the impact of daily discrimination on alcohol use among racially diverse, trauma-exposed sexually minoritized adults: A pilot study.","authors":"Madalyn M Liautaud, H Jonathon Rendina, Danielle S Berke","doi":"10.1037/tra0001577","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Identity-based stress and trauma are key drivers of alcohol use-related health inequities among minoritized people. Research on intersectional experiences of identity-based stress and alcohol use among trauma-exposed minoritized people is scant. This pilot study used a 30-day diary design to examine the effect of identity-based discrimination exposure on alcohol use in a racially diverse sample of trauma-exposed sexual minoritized (SM) adults (<i>N</i> = 47; 63.8% cisgender female; 65.2% Black, Indigenous, and People of Color [BIPOC]).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Multilevel logistic regression models were used to evaluate whether days marked by any (vs. no) identity-based discrimination were concurrently or prospectively associated with increased likelihood of reporting a higher (vs. lower) level of drinking-and whether these associations differed by race/ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Discrimination was associated with increased likelihood of reporting a higher level of same-day drinking (<i>B</i> = 0.91, <i>p</i> = .03), but did not predict next-day drinking. BIPOC (vs. White) individuals were less likely to report a higher drinking level on or following nondiscrimination days (<i>B</i>s = -2.18 to -1.52, <i>p</i>s ≤ .005), but more likely to do so on or following discrimination days (<i>B</i>s = 1.13-1.60, <i>p</i>s ≤ .03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest that everyday discrimination may create insidious risk for coping-motivated alcohol use among SM BIPOC, a subgroup that otherwise exhibits resilience with respect to drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"913-921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-31DOI: 10.1037/tra0001526
Alaina I Gold, Yana Ryjova, Geoffrey W Corner, Hannah F Rasmussen, Yehsong Kim, Gayla Margolin
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated experiences of loss and grief for many individuals and posed a challenging mental health crisis. Compared to studies examining a singular type of loss, the present study investigated the cumulative impacts of COVID-related losses on anxiety and depressive symptoms and examined whether meaning in life, marital status, or relationship quality offered a protective moderating role.
Method: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted approximately 1 year into the pandemic among 434 diverse individuals (32.0% White; 52.1% women; Mage = 34.7) in the United States. Measures included: General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Quality of Marriage Index, and 26 loss items with corresponding grief ratings.
Results: Results using linear mixed models demonstrated strong positive links between loss and both anxiety and depressive symptoms, although the association between loss and anxiety was stronger for women. The association between loss and anxiety was attenuated at high levels of meaning in life compared to average and low levels of meaning and for married individuals compared to unmarried participants. Being married also buffered the impact of loss on depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: Findings indicate that cumulative pandemic-related loss is associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and that meaning in life and romantic relationships may be promising interventional targets; though, these findings may change over the course of the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Loss during COVID-19: Moderating effects of meaning and romantic relationships on anxiety and depressive symptoms.","authors":"Alaina I Gold, Yana Ryjova, Geoffrey W Corner, Hannah F Rasmussen, Yehsong Kim, Gayla Margolin","doi":"10.1037/tra0001526","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated experiences of loss and grief for many individuals and posed a challenging mental health crisis. Compared to studies examining a singular type of loss, the present study investigated the cumulative impacts of COVID-related losses on anxiety and depressive symptoms and examined whether meaning in life, marital status, or relationship quality offered a protective moderating role.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted approximately 1 year into the pandemic among 434 diverse individuals (32.0% White; 52.1% women; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 34.7) in the United States. Measures included: General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Quality of Marriage Index, and 26 loss items with corresponding grief ratings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results using linear mixed models demonstrated strong positive links between loss and both anxiety and depressive symptoms, although the association between loss and anxiety was stronger for women. The association between loss and anxiety was attenuated at high levels of meaning in life compared to average and low levels of meaning and for married individuals compared to unmarried participants. Being married also buffered the impact of loss on depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that cumulative pandemic-related loss is associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and that meaning in life and romantic relationships may be promising interventional targets; though, these findings may change over the course of the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"950-960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9910773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1037/tra0001652
Chantel T Ebrahimi, Lillian Polanco-Roman, Tanya C Saraiya, Alexandria G Bauer, Denise Hien
Objectives: The legacy of slavery renders Black individuals vulnerable to the harmful effects of historical trauma which may interact with contemporary racism-related experiences to increase substance use. We examined the associations between historical and contemporary racism-related experiences (i.e., historical loss thinking, major racial discrimination events, racial microaggressions, and internalized racism) and polysubstance use in a group of Black young adults.
Method: Black young adults (N = 163; 60% female) aged 18-35 years (M = 25.7, SD = 3.27) completed surveys online.
Results: Historical loss thinking (b = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.05], p = .003), racial microaggressions (b = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.04], p < .001), major racial discrimination events (b = 0.42, 95% CI [0.30, 0.53], p < .001), and internalized racism (b = 0.49, 95% CI [0.33, 0.65], p < .001) were independently associated with past 12-month polysubstance use. Major racial discrimination events showed the largest association with polysubstance use (β = 0.26, 95% CI [0.08, 0.45], p = .006). No significant interactions between historical loss thinking and contemporary racism-related experiences were observed.
Conclusions: Findings suggest an association between substance use and historical and contemporary-related experiences among Black young adults. This may suggest that experiences with racism contextualized within historical and contemporary manifestations may impact risk for polysubstance use among Black young adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目标:奴隶制的遗留问题使黑人容易受到历史创伤的有害影响,而历史创伤可能会与当代种族主义相关经历相互作用,从而增加药物使用。我们研究了一组黑人青壮年的历史和当代种族主义相关经历(即历史性失落思维、重大种族歧视事件、种族微攻击和内化种族主义)与多种药物使用之间的关联:方法:18-35 岁的黑人青年(N = 163;60% 为女性)(M = 25.7,SD = 3.27)完成在线调查:结果:历史损失思维(b = 0.03,95% CI [0.01,0.05],p = .003)、种族微冒犯(b = 0.03,95% CI [0.02,0.04],p < .001)、重大种族歧视事件(b = 0.42,95% CI [0.30,0.53],p < .001)和内化的种族主义(b = 0.49,95% CI [0.33,0.65],p < .001)与过去 12 个月的多种物质使用独立相关。重大种族歧视事件与多种药物使用的关系最大(β = 0.26,95% CI [0.08,0.45],p = .006)。没有观察到历史损失思维与当代种族主义相关经历之间存在明显的相互作用:研究结果表明,在黑人青少年中,药物使用与历史和当代相关经历之间存在关联。这可能表明,以历史和当代表现为背景的种族主义经历可能会影响黑人年轻人使用多种物质的风险。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Historical trauma and polysubstance use in Black young adults: The role of contemporary racism.","authors":"Chantel T Ebrahimi, Lillian Polanco-Roman, Tanya C Saraiya, Alexandria G Bauer, Denise Hien","doi":"10.1037/tra0001652","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The legacy of slavery renders Black individuals vulnerable to the harmful effects of historical trauma which may interact with contemporary racism-related experiences to increase substance use. We examined the associations between historical and contemporary racism-related experiences (i.e., historical loss thinking, major racial discrimination events, racial microaggressions, and internalized racism) and polysubstance use in a group of Black young adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Black young adults (<i>N</i> = 163; 60% female) aged 18-35 years (<i>M</i> = 25.7, <i>SD</i> = 3.27) completed surveys online.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Historical loss thinking (<i>b</i> = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.05], <i>p</i> = .003), racial microaggressions (<i>b</i> = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.04], <i>p</i> < .001), major racial discrimination events (<i>b</i> = 0.42, 95% CI [0.30, 0.53], <i>p</i> < .001), and internalized racism (<i>b</i> = 0.49, 95% CI [0.33, 0.65], <i>p</i> < .001) were independently associated with past 12-month polysubstance use. Major racial discrimination events showed the largest association with polysubstance use (β = 0.26, 95% CI [0.08, 0.45], <i>p</i> = .006). No significant interactions between historical loss thinking and contemporary racism-related experiences were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest an association between substance use and historical and contemporary-related experiences among Black young adults. This may suggest that experiences with racism contextualized within historical and contemporary manifestations may impact risk for polysubstance use among Black young adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"922-929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11291707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Berhan Akdağ, Hilal Yazıcı Kopuz, Arif Önder, Aslı Sürer Adanır, Özge Gizli Çoban, Özlem Yıldırım, Ali Erdoğan, Serkan Turan, Şafak Eray Çamlı, Caner Mutlu
Objective: Psychiatric hospitalization serves as a critical treatment modality. However, hospitalization may pose risks of traumatization or stigma. This study primarily examined the internalized stigma and traumatizing effects of psychiatric hospitalization on adolescents. Additionally, the treatment of adolescents within adult inpatient psychiatric services may yield differing stigmatization and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Hence, the secondary objective was to discern the variance in stigmatization and PTSD symptoms between adolescents treated in adult inpatient psychiatric services (AIPS) and those in child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric services (CAIPS).
Method: The cohort consisted of patients from Akdeniz University's Adult Psychiatry Inpatient Service (n = 29) and Uludağ University's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Service (n = 28), matched for age and gender. Assessments using the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index and the Internalized Stigma Scale for Children and Adolescents (ISSCA) were conducted 6 months after discharge.
Results: 36.8% and 10.5% of adolescents exhibited "mild" and "very severe" PTSD symptoms, respectively. Adolescents treated in CAIPS had higher Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index scores than those in AIPS. However, there was no significant difference between the AIPS and CAIPS groups regarding ISSCA-self and ISSCA-perceived scores.
Conclusions: The current findings underscore that psychiatric hospitalization can lead to traumatic experiences in adolescents, especially those treated in CAIPS. Providing informed care and emotional support during hospitalization could bolster resilience and facilitate recovery among these individuals. While adolescents are sometimes placed in AIPS, it is crucial that professionals are adequately trained and supported in managing this vulnerable population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Internalized stigma and traumatizing effects of psychiatric hospitalization in adolescents: Is there any difference between being hospitalized in adult or adolescent inpatient psychiatric services?","authors":"Berhan Akdağ, Hilal Yazıcı Kopuz, Arif Önder, Aslı Sürer Adanır, Özge Gizli Çoban, Özlem Yıldırım, Ali Erdoğan, Serkan Turan, Şafak Eray Çamlı, Caner Mutlu","doi":"10.1037/tra0001768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychiatric hospitalization serves as a critical treatment modality. However, hospitalization may pose risks of traumatization or stigma. This study primarily examined the internalized stigma and traumatizing effects of psychiatric hospitalization on adolescents. Additionally, the treatment of adolescents within adult inpatient psychiatric services may yield differing stigmatization and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Hence, the secondary objective was to discern the variance in stigmatization and PTSD symptoms between adolescents treated in adult inpatient psychiatric services (AIPS) and those in child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric services (CAIPS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The cohort consisted of patients from Akdeniz University's Adult Psychiatry Inpatient Service (<i>n</i> = 29) and Uludağ University's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Service (<i>n</i> = 28), matched for age and gender. Assessments using the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index and the Internalized Stigma Scale for Children and Adolescents (ISSCA) were conducted 6 months after discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36.8% and 10.5% of adolescents exhibited \"mild\" and \"very severe\" PTSD symptoms, respectively. Adolescents treated in CAIPS had higher Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reaction Index scores than those in AIPS. However, there was no significant difference between the AIPS and CAIPS groups regarding ISSCA-self and ISSCA-perceived scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings underscore that psychiatric hospitalization can lead to traumatic experiences in adolescents, especially those treated in CAIPS. Providing informed care and emotional support during hospitalization could bolster resilience and facilitate recovery among these individuals. While adolescents are sometimes placed in AIPS, it is crucial that professionals are adequately trained and supported in managing this vulnerable population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}