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Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

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Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on trauma-related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 接受与承诺疗法对创伤相关症状的影响:系统回顾与荟萃分析。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001785
Meaghan K Rowe-Johnson, Bridgette Browning, Brittany Scott

Objective: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy that has shown promise as an effective treatment for reducing trauma-related symptoms. Although there have been systematic reviews on the clinical effectiveness of ACT for posttraumatic stress disorder, there are no known meta-analyses published on the impact of ACT in adult populations with trauma-related symptoms. Hence, the purpose of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to update the literature and assess the effectiveness of ACT interventions for decreasing trauma-related distress in adults who have developed trauma symptoms following exposure to one or more traumatic events.

Method: A systematic review of the literature was completed, and between-groups random effects meta-analysis was conducted assessing trauma symptom reduction at the initial posttest. Subgroup analyses were also performed to assess differences between groups based on research design, type of trauma, and comparator group.

Results: A meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed a moderate and statistically significant overall effect of ACT on symptom reduction at immediate posttest (Hedges' g = -.423, 95% CI [-.605, -.240]; I² = 25.75%), indicating that on average, those who received ACT interventions reported fewer trauma symptoms postintervention than those in various comparison groups.

Conclusions: Ultimately, this research provides additional evidence supporting the effectiveness of ACT interventions for clients reporting trauma-related concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:接纳与承诺疗法(ACT)是一种第三波认知行为疗法,已被证明是减少创伤相关症状的有效治疗方法。虽然已有系统性综述介绍了接纳与承诺疗法对创伤后应激障碍的临床疗效,但目前还没有关于接纳与承诺疗法对有创伤相关症状的成年人群的影响的荟萃分析。因此,本荟萃分析和系统性综述的目的是更新文献,评估 ACT 干预疗法对减少因遭受一次或多次创伤事件而出现创伤症状的成年人的创伤相关痛苦的有效性:方法:对文献进行了系统性回顾,并进行了组间随机效应荟萃分析,以评估首次后测时创伤症状的减轻情况。此外,还进行了分组分析,以评估基于研究设计、创伤类型和比较组的组间差异:对 11 项研究进行的荟萃分析表明,ACT 对即时后测症状减轻的总体影响适中且具有统计学意义(Hedges' g = -.423, 95% CI [-.605, -.240];I² = 25.75%),这表明平均而言,接受 ACT 干预的人在干预后报告的创伤症状少于各对比组的人:最终,这项研究提供了更多证据,支持对报告创伤相关问题的客户进行 ACT 干预的有效性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
DSM-5 criterion-a-based trauma types in service members and veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. 寻求创伤后应激障碍治疗的军人和退伍军人中基于 DSM-5 标准 a 的创伤类型。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001537
Natasha Benfer, Breanna Grunthal, Katherine A Dondanville, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Abby Blankenship, Chadi G Abdallah, Sudie E Back, Julianne Flanagan, Edna B Foa, Peter T Fox, John H Krystal, Brian P Marx, Donald D McGeary, Carmen P McLean, Kristi E Pruiksma, Patricia A Resick, John D Roache, Paulo Shiroma, Denise M Sloan, Daniel J Taylor, Jennifer Schuster Wachen, Argelio L López-Roca, Karin L Nicholson, Richard P Schobitz, Christian C Schrader, Allah-Fard M Sharrieff, Jeffrey S Yarvis, Jim Mintz, Terence M Keane, Alan L Peterson, Brett T Litz

Objective: In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the assumption of the equipotentiality of traumas ignores potentially unique contexts and consequences of different traumas. Accordingly, Stein et al. (2012) developed a reliable typing scheme in which assessors categorized descriptions of traumatic events into six "types": life threat to self (LTS), life threat to other, aftermath of violence (AV), traumatic loss, moral injury by self (MIS), and moral injury by other (MIO). We extended this research by validating the typing scheme using participant endorsements of type, rather than assesor-based types. We examined the concordance of participant and assesor types, frequency, and validity of participant-based trauma types by examining associations with baseline mental and behavioral health problems.

Method: Interviewers enrolled military personnel and veterans (N = 1,443) in clinical trials of PTSD and helped them select the most currently distressing Criterion-A trauma. Participants and, archivally, assessors typed the distressing aspect(s) of this experience.

Results: AV was the most frequently participant-endorsed type, but LTS was the most frequently rated worst part of an event. Although participants endorsed MIS and MIO the least frequently, these were associated with worse mental and behavioral health problems. The agreement between participants and assessors regarding the worst part of the event was poor.

Conclusion: Because of discrepancies between participant and assessor typologies, clinical researchers should use participants' ratings, and these should trump assessor judgment. Differences in pretreatment behavioral and mental health problems across some participant-endorsed trauma types partially support the validity of the participant ratings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:在创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)中,创伤等同性的假设忽略了不同创伤的潜在独特背景和后果。因此,Stein 等人(2012 年)开发了一种可靠的分型方案,评估者将创伤事件的描述分为六种 "类型":对自己的生命威胁(LTS)、对他人的生命威胁、暴力后遗症(AV)、创伤性损失、对自己的精神伤害(MIS)和对他人的精神伤害(MIO)。我们对这项研究进行了扩展,使用受试者对类型的认可,而不是基于评估者的类型,来验证分型方案。我们通过研究基线心理和行为健康问题的关联,检验了参与者和评估者类型的一致性、频率以及基于参与者的创伤类型的有效性:受访者招募了参加创伤后应激障碍临床试验的军人和退伍军人(1443 人),并帮助他们选择目前最令人痛苦的标准 A 型创伤。参与者和评估者在档案中键入这一经历中令人痛苦的方面:参与者最常认可的创伤类型是 "AV",但 "LTS "是事件中最常被评为最糟糕的部分。虽然参与者对 MIS 和 MIO 的认可度最低,但这两种类型与更严重的心理和行为健康问题有关。参与者和评估者在事件最糟糕的部分上的一致性很差:结论:由于参与者和评估者的类型存在差异,临床研究人员应使用参与者的评分,而且这些评分应高于评估者的判断。某些参与者认可的创伤类型在治疗前行为和心理健康问题上的差异部分支持了参与者评分的有效性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Adverse childhood experiences, cognitive functioning, depression, and anxiety in adulthood. 童年的不良经历、成年后的认知功能、抑郁和焦虑。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001637
Hanaan Bing-Canar, Jane K Stocks, Humza Khan, Andrew A Rauch, Maximillian A Obolsky, Franchezka Lapitan-Moore, Matthew S Phillips, Jason R Soble, Neil H Pliskin, Woojin Song, Zachary J Resch

Background: Evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict cognitive dysfunction, possibly through direct (e.g., brain structure/function changes) and indirect (e.g., increased psychopathology risk) pathways. However, extant studies have focused on young and older adults, with limited understanding of how ACEs affect cognitive health in midadulthood.

Objective: This study compared psychiatric and cognitive differences between adults at high- and low-risk of adverse health outcomes based on the ACE risk classification scheme.

Participants and setting: Adult patients (N = 211; 46.9% female; Mage = 44.1, SD = 17.1; Meducation = 13.8, SD = 3.0) consecutively referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation within a large, Midwestern academic medical center.

Method: Patients were divided into high and low ACE groups based on the number of ACEs endorsed. Subsequently, a series of one-way analyses of variances were conducted to compare high versus low ACE groups on the Test of Premorbid Functioning, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Digit Span Test, Trail Making Test-Parts A and B, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory scores.

Results: Significant group differences were detected for anxiety and depression with the high ACE group endorsing significantly greater depression and anxiety symptoms relative to the low ACE group. High and low ACE groups did not significantly differ on any cognitive measures.

Conclusions: Results indicate that an individual's psychological health, but not cognitive functioning, is impacted by the level of ACE exposure. Study findings highlight the importance of including ACE measures in neuropsychological evaluations, as it will aid in case conceptualization and tailoring treatment recommendations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

背景:有证据表明,童年不良经历(ACE)可能通过直接(如大脑结构/功能变化)和间接(如精神病理学风险增加)途径预测认知功能障碍。然而,现有的研究主要集中在年轻人和老年人身上,对 ACE 如何影响中年人认知健康的了解十分有限:本研究根据 ACE 风险分类计划,比较了不良健康后果高风险和低风险成年人在精神和认知方面的差异:成年患者(N = 211;46.9% 为女性;Mage = 44.1,SD = 17.1;Meducation = 13.8,SD = 3.0)连续转诊至一家大型中西部学术医疗中心接受门诊神经心理学评估:根据患者认可的 ACE 数量将其分为高 ACE 组和低 ACE 组。随后,对高ACE组和低ACE组在病前功能测试、韦氏成人智力量表-第四版数字跨度测试、寻迹测试-A部分和B部分、雷伊听觉言语学习测试、贝克抑郁量表-II和贝克焦虑量表的得分进行了一系列单因素方差分析:在焦虑和抑郁方面发现了明显的组间差异,高 ACE 组的抑郁和焦虑症状明显高于低 ACE 组。高 ACE 组和低 ACE 组在认知测量方面没有明显差异:研究结果表明,ACE暴露水平会影响个人的心理健康,但不会影响认知功能。研究结果凸显了在神经心理评估中纳入 ACE 测量的重要性,因为这将有助于病例概念化和定制治疗建议。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Leadership in moral awareness: Initial evidence from U.S. Army soldiers returning from deployment. 道德意识领导力:从部署后返回的美国陆军士兵那里获得的初步证据。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001551
Ian A Gutierrez, Stephen W Krauss, Amy B Adler

Objective: To determine whether moral awareness leadership moderated the relationship between combat experiences and soldier mental health symptoms following deployment.

Method: The Leadership in Moral Awareness Scale (LIMAS) was evaluated using anonymous surveys completed by 177 U.S. Army National Guardsmen. The survey also assessed general leadership, combat experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. Following factor analyses of the LIMAS, moderated regression models examined interactions between the LIMAS and combat experiences on mental health symptoms.

Results: Six items were selected to comprise the LIMAS. No main effect of the LIMAS was found for mental health variables after adjusting for general leadership. There were significant interaction effects between the LIMAS and combat experiences for depression and anxiety symptoms. Soldiers with higher levels of combat experiences reported fewer mental health symptoms if their leaders were rated highly on the LIMAS.

Conclusions: The LIMAS may offer a useful tool for assessing leader behaviors that can counteract negative mental health outcomes associated with combat. Findings provide support for encouraging leaders to focus on moral awareness during deployment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的方法:通过 177 名美国陆军国民警卫队士兵填写的匿名调查问卷,对道德意识领导力量表(LIMAS)进行评估:方法: 使用 177 名美国陆军国民警卫队队员填写的匿名调查表对道德意识领导力量表(LIMAS)进行评估。调查还评估了一般领导力、战斗经历以及创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、焦虑和抑郁症状。在对 LIMAS 进行因素分析后,调节回归模型检验了 LIMAS 和战斗经历对心理健康症状的交互作用:结果:选择了六个项目组成 LIMAS。在对一般领导力进行调整后,没有发现 LIMAS 对心理健康变量产生主效应。在抑郁和焦虑症状方面,LIMAS 和战斗经历之间存在明显的交互效应。如果士兵的领导在 LIMAS 中得到较高的评分,那么战斗经历较多的士兵报告的心理健康症状较少:结论:LIMAS 可以为评估领导者的行为提供有用的工具,这些行为可以抵消与战斗相关的负面心理健康结果。研究结果为鼓励领导者在部署期间注重道德意识提供了支持。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Anger and suicidality in veterans: Impact of postseparation time and combat. 退伍军人的愤怒和自杀:离职后时间和战斗的影响。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001599
H Ryan Wagner, Megan Lanier, Kiera Molloy, Lynn Van Male, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education And Clinical Center Workgroup, Eric B Elbogen

Objective: The study investigated the association over time between the rates of anger/hostility and suicidality in post-9/11 veterans as a function of time following separation from the military and combat exposure.

Method: Structured clinical interviews were conducted with N = 2,580 Iraq/Afghanistan-era U.S. military veterans serving since 9/11/01. For each participant, a postseparation interval was calculated as the time between military separation and the clinical interview, with a range of up to 9 years. Combat exposure was assessed using a three-level categorical proxy derived from the Combat Exposure Scale indexing levels of none, below, and above median exposure. Three separate estimates measuring anger/hostility and three separate measures of suicidality were modeled variously across separation intervals and levels of combat exposure.

Results: In bivariate analyses, higher levels of combat exposure were associated with overall significantly higher levels of both anger/hostility and suicidality. Based on multivariable analyses, rates in measures indexing suicidality among veterans did not decrease as a function of the number of years postseparation. In contrast, rates in measures indexing anger/hostility among veterans endorsing above-median levels of combat exposure decreased significantly with increasing time since separation. Nonetheless, even at longer time points, both suicidality and anger/hostility remained elevated among respondents endorsing above-median combat exposure.

Conclusions: These findings illustrate the importance of implementing suicide prevention and anger management programs for postseparation adjustment as well as for the period beyond the immediate postseparation, with particular attention paid to the level of combat exposure experienced. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:该研究调查了随着时间的推移,9/11后退伍军人的愤怒/敌意和自杀率之间的关系,作为脱离军队和战斗暴露后时间的函数。方法:对2001年9月11日以来服役的2580名伊拉克/阿富汗时代的美国退伍军人进行结构化临床访谈。对于每个参与者,分离后的间隔时间被计算为军事分离和临床访谈之间的时间,最长可达9年。战斗暴露使用三级分类代理进行评估,该三级分类代理人来源于战斗暴露量表,指数水平为无、低于和高于中位暴露。测量愤怒/敌意的三个独立估计值和自杀的三个单独测量值在不同的间隔和战斗暴露水平上进行了不同的建模。结果:在双变量分析中,较高的战斗暴露水平与总体上显著较高的愤怒/敌意和自杀水平相关。基于多变量分析,退伍军人自杀指数指标的比率并没有随着离职后的年数而下降。相比之下,退伍军人中支持高于中位水平的战斗暴露的愤怒/敌意指标的比率随着分离后时间的增加而显著下降。尽管如此,即使在更长的时间点上,自杀和愤怒/敌意在支持高于中等战斗暴露的受访者中仍然很高。结论:这些发现说明了实施自杀预防和愤怒管理计划对分离后调整以及分离后立即调整的重要性,并特别注意所经历的战斗暴露水平。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Anger and suicidality in veterans: Impact of postseparation time and combat.","authors":"H Ryan Wagner, Megan Lanier, Kiera Molloy, Lynn Van Male, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education And Clinical Center Workgroup, Eric B Elbogen","doi":"10.1037/tra0001599","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study investigated the association over time between the rates of anger/hostility and suicidality in post-9/11 veterans as a function of time following separation from the military and combat exposure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Structured clinical interviews were conducted with <i>N</i> = 2,580 Iraq/Afghanistan-era U.S. military veterans serving since 9/11/01. For each participant, a postseparation interval was calculated as the time between military separation and the clinical interview, with a range of up to 9 years. Combat exposure was assessed using a three-level categorical proxy derived from the Combat Exposure Scale indexing levels of none, below, and above median exposure. Three separate estimates measuring anger/hostility and three separate measures of suicidality were modeled variously across separation intervals and levels of combat exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In bivariate analyses, higher levels of combat exposure were associated with overall significantly higher levels of both anger/hostility and suicidality. Based on multivariable analyses, rates in measures indexing suicidality among veterans did not decrease as a function of the number of years postseparation. In contrast, rates in measures indexing anger/hostility among veterans endorsing above-median levels of combat exposure decreased significantly with increasing time since separation. Nonetheless, even at longer time points, both suicidality and anger/hostility remained elevated among respondents endorsing above-median combat exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings illustrate the importance of implementing suicide prevention and anger management programs for postseparation adjustment as well as for the period beyond the immediate postseparation, with particular attention paid to the level of combat exposure experienced. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71426399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Longitudinal changes in children's and adolescents' mental health and well-being and associated protective factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 大流行期间儿童和青少年心理健康和幸福感的纵向变化及相关保护因素。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001556
Anat Shoshani

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened children's and adolescents' risk of experiencing long-term mental health problems and a decline in subjective well-being. To better understand the longitudinal impact of COVID-19, this study explored the role of demographic variables and the potential moderating effects of social support and daily routines as resilience factors.

Method: A nationally representative, longitudinal cohort of 5,217 Israeli children and adolescents aged 10-15 at baseline completed measures of mental health symptoms, life satisfaction, positive and negative emotions, gratitude, social support, and daily routines. Data were collected in school at four measurement points: September 2019 (before the outbreak of COVID-19; N = 5,127), May 2020 (after the first lockdown; N = 4,698), May 2021 (after the third wave lockdown; N = 4,813), and May 2022 (after the fourth and fifth waves of the pandemic; N = 4,897). The data were analyzed using multilevel mixed models.

Results: Significant increases in depression, anxiety, and panic along with decreases in psychological well-being were found as a function of time. These effects were moderated by age and gender. Participants with high social support and structured daily routines reported smaller increases in mental health symptoms than students with low social support or irregular daily routines.

Conclusion: There is a critical need for clinical and educational interventions for young people during this period to promote the resilience factors that can moderate well-being and counter the decline in mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

研究目的COVID-19大流行增加了儿童和青少年遭遇长期心理健康问题和主观幸福感下降的风险。为了更好地了解 COVID-19 的纵向影响,本研究探讨了人口统计学变量的作用,以及社会支持和日常生活作为抗逆因素的潜在调节作用:方法:一项具有全国代表性的纵向队列研究收集了 5,217 名年龄在 10-15 岁的以色列儿童和青少年的基线数据,这些数据包括心理健康症状、生活满意度、积极和消极情绪、感恩、社会支持和日常活动。数据是在学校的四个测量点收集的:2019年9月(COVID-19爆发前;N=5127)、2020年5月(第一次封锁后;N=4698)、2021年5月(第三波封锁后;N=4813)和2022年5月(第四波和第五波大流行后;N=4897)。数据采用多层次混合模型进行分析:结果:随着时间的推移,抑郁、焦虑和恐慌情绪明显增加,心理健康水平也有所下降。这些影响受年龄和性别的调节。与社会支持少或日常作息不规律的学生相比,社会支持多且日常作息有规律的学生的心理健康症状增加幅度较小:结论:在这一时期,亟需对青少年采取临床和教育干预措施,以提高他们的恢复能力,从而缓和他们的幸福感,抵御心理健康的下降。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Longitudinal changes in children's and adolescents' mental health and well-being and associated protective factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Anat Shoshani","doi":"10.1037/tra0001556","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened children's and adolescents' risk of experiencing long-term mental health problems and a decline in subjective well-being. To better understand the longitudinal impact of COVID-19, this study explored the role of demographic variables and the potential moderating effects of social support and daily routines as resilience factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A nationally representative, longitudinal cohort of 5,217 Israeli children and adolescents aged 10-15 at baseline completed measures of mental health symptoms, life satisfaction, positive and negative emotions, gratitude, social support, and daily routines. Data were collected in school at four measurement points: September 2019 (before the outbreak of COVID-19; <i>N</i> = 5,127), May 2020 (after the first lockdown; <i>N</i> = 4,698), May 2021 (after the third wave lockdown; N = 4,813), and May 2022 (after the fourth and fifth waves of the pandemic; <i>N</i> = 4,897). The data were analyzed using multilevel mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in depression, anxiety, and panic along with decreases in psychological well-being were found as a function of time. These effects were moderated by age and gender. Participants with high social support and structured daily routines reported smaller increases in mental health symptoms than students with low social support or irregular daily routines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a critical need for clinical and educational interventions for young people during this period to promote the resilience factors that can moderate well-being and counter the decline in mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9883090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social support as a differential moderator of the association between optimism, birth satisfaction, and postpartum acute stress symptoms of fathers and mothers. 社会支持是乐观情绪、出生满意度和父亲和母亲产后急性压力症状之间关系的差异调节因子。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001592
Maor Kalfon-Hakhmigari, Jonathan E Handelzalts, Yulia Wilk Goldsher, Haim Krissi, Yoav Peled

Objective: Childbirth can be a stressful event that leads to the development of acute stress. However, little is known about postpartum acute stress among mothers and even less among fathers. The current study aims to expand the understanding of postpartum acute stress symptoms by examining associations with dispositional optimism, subjective birth satisfaction, and social support in a moderated-mediation model.

Method: Participants comprised 567 mothers and 109 fathers who gave/were present at birth, sampled at the maternity ward of a tertiary healthcare center. Self-report questionnaires were distributed a few days postpartum: demographic and obstetric information, dispositional optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised), birth satisfaction (Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised), social support (the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and acute stress symptoms (National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale).

Results: For mothers, birth satisfaction mediated the association between dispositional optimism and acute stress, and social support moderated the association between birth satisfaction and acute stress for all levels of social support (B = .14, SE = .05, CI [.05 to .23]). For fathers, a similar moderated-mediation occurred; however, at high levels of social support, the association between birth satisfaction and acute stress became insignificant (B = .17, SE = .08, CI [.02 to .32]; index of moderated-mediation = .08, [-.07 to .22]).

Conclusions: Optimism through birth satisfaction may reduce acute stress levels following childbirth among parents, while different effects of social support for fathers and mothers were discovered. For fathers, high levels of social support were found to eliminate the association between birth satisfaction and acute stress and therefore buffer the development of postpartum acute stress symptoms. This study took place in one healthcare center with mostly Jewish participants; further studies are thus needed for better generalization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:分娩可能是一种压力事件,会导致急性压力的发展。然而,人们对母亲产后急性压力知之甚少,对父亲更是知之甚少。目前的研究旨在通过在适度中介模型中检验性格乐观、主观出生满意度和社会支持的关系,扩大对产后急性应激症状的理解。方法:参与者包括567名母亲和109名在分娩时在场的父亲,在一家三级医疗中心的产科病房进行抽样。产后几天分发了自我报告问卷:人口统计和产科信息、性格乐观(修订生活取向测试)、出生满意度(修订出生满意度量表)、社会支持(感知社会支持多维量表),和急性应激症状(全国应激事件调查急性应激障碍短量表),发生了类似的适度调解;然而,在高水平的社会支持下,出生满意度和急性压力之间的相关性变得不显著(B=.17,SE=0.08,CI[0.2~.32];适度中介指数=0.8,[-.07~.22]),同时发现了社会支持对父亲和母亲的不同影响。对于父亲来说,高水平的社会支持可以消除出生满意度与急性压力之间的联系,从而缓解产后急性压力症状的发展。这项研究在一个医疗中心进行,参与者大多是犹太人;因此,需要进一步的研究来更好地概括。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Social support as a differential moderator of the association between optimism, birth satisfaction, and postpartum acute stress symptoms of fathers and mothers.","authors":"Maor Kalfon-Hakhmigari, Jonathan E Handelzalts, Yulia Wilk Goldsher, Haim Krissi, Yoav Peled","doi":"10.1037/tra0001592","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Childbirth can be a stressful event that leads to the development of acute stress. However, little is known about postpartum acute stress among mothers and even less among fathers. The current study aims to expand the understanding of postpartum acute stress symptoms by examining associations with dispositional optimism, subjective birth satisfaction, and social support in a moderated-mediation model.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants comprised 567 mothers and 109 fathers who gave/were present at birth, sampled at the maternity ward of a tertiary healthcare center. Self-report questionnaires were distributed a few days postpartum: demographic and obstetric information, dispositional optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised), birth satisfaction (Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised), social support (the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and acute stress symptoms (National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For mothers, birth satisfaction mediated the association between dispositional optimism and acute stress, and social support moderated the association between birth satisfaction and acute stress for all levels of social support (<i>B</i> = .14, <i>SE</i> = .05, CI [.05 to .23]). For fathers, a similar moderated-mediation occurred; however, at high levels of social support, the association between birth satisfaction and acute stress became insignificant (<i>B</i> = .17, <i>SE</i> = .08, CI [.02 to .32]; index of moderated-mediation = .08, [-.07 to .22]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Optimism through birth satisfaction may reduce acute stress levels following childbirth among parents, while different effects of social support for fathers and mothers were discovered. For fathers, high levels of social support were found to eliminate the association between birth satisfaction and acute stress and therefore buffer the development of postpartum acute stress symptoms. This study took place in one healthcare center with mostly Jewish participants; further studies are thus needed for better generalization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41111093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The roles of shame and poor self-concept in explaining low social connection among adult survivors of childhood emotional maltreatment. 羞耻感和不良自我概念在解释童年遭受情感虐待的成年幸存者社会联系不足中的作用。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001559
William P Archuleta, Patricia L Kaminski, Nicholas D Ross

Emotional maltreatment (EM) is the most common retrospectively self-reported form of child abuse/neglect. One potential negative outcome for EM survivors is a lack of social connection (SC; i.e., feeling interpersonally distant from others, socially uncomfortable, etc.). Explanations of the link between EM and low SC, however, are insufficiently tested. Theory and empirical work point to shame as a ubiquitous consequence of EM that negatively affects self-concept and is also associated with low SC in adulthood.

Objective: We test the hypothesis that experiences of EM lead to shame that impairs the development of social self-concept and, ultimately, one's sense of SC.

Participants and setting: We collected self-report data from 244 American college students.

Method: Using structural equation modeling, we tested shame and social self-concept as sequential mediators of the path from EM to SC.

Results: Shame and social self-concept mediated the relationship between EM and SC, bringing this direct path below significance. Social self-concept partially mediated shame and SC. Overall, our model accounted for 77% of the variability in SC.

Conclusions: Children subjected to EM by caregivers are likely to experience themselves as deeply flawed (i.e., shame) and have difficulty developing a secure sense of themselves, especially as relational beings. Our results suggest that when shame interferes with the development of a positive social self-concept, survivors of EM are at-risk for low SC. Treatment implications include a focus on healing shame and building social self-concept. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

情感虐待(EM)是最常见的自我回顾性报告的虐待/忽视儿童形式。情感虐待幸存者的一个潜在负面结果是缺乏社会联系(SC;即感觉与他人疏远、社交不自在等)。然而,EM 与低 SC 之间联系的解释尚未得到充分验证。理论和实证研究都指出,羞耻感是情绪低落的一种普遍后果,它会对自我概念产生负面影响,并与成年后的低自尊心有关:我们检验了这样一个假设,即EM经历导致的羞耻感会损害社会自我概念的发展,并最终影响一个人的SC感:我们收集了 244 名美国大学生的自我报告数据:通过结构方程模型,我们检验了羞耻感和社会自我概念作为从 EM 到 SC 的路径的连续中介的作用:结果:羞耻感和社会自我概念调解了EM和SC之间的关系,使这一直接路径低于显著性。社会自我概念对羞耻感和 SC 起了部分中介作用。总体而言,我们的模型可解释 SC 变异的 77%:结论:受到照顾者EM影响的儿童很可能会认为自己有很大的缺陷(即羞耻感),并且难以形成对自己的安全感,尤其是作为关系人的安全感。我们的研究结果表明,当羞耻感干扰了积极的社会自我概念的发展时,EM幸存者就有可能出现低SC。对治疗的影响包括注重治愈羞耻感和建立社会自我概念。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Trauma cognitions as intervening variables in the relation of chronic child abuse and thwarted interpersonal needs. 创伤认知是长期虐待儿童与人际需求受挫关系中的干预变量。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001561
Johnathan Walker, Alexandria F Sowers, Robert A Kaya, M Kati Lear, Ryan M Kozina, Joshua D Clapp

Objective: Chronic childhood trauma is consistently linked to negative mental health outcomes in adulthood, but research exploring specific paths of risk remains limited. The aims of the current study were to examine trauma cognitions as intervening variables in the relation of chronic victimization with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, variables implicated in transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology.

Method: Semistructured interviews were used to identify university students reporting exposure to systematic physical and/or sexual violence prior to age 18 (n = 101) versus those experiencing other Criterion-A events (n = 254). Trauma cognitions (self, world, and self-blame) and thwarted interpersonal needs (burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) were measured using scores from the posttrauma cognitions inventory (PTCI) and the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-10 (INQ-10). Path models in these cross-sectional data were evaluated to assess the indirect effects of chronic abuse on burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness through self, world, and blame cognitions.

Results: An initial model indicated associations of chronic victimization on self (p = .044) and world (p = .005) scales of the PTCI and a unique effect of self-beliefs on INQ-10 burdensomeness (p < .001). An indirect effect of abuse on burdensomeness through self-beliefs was supported (p = .050). A second model identified direct effects of PTCI self (p < .001) and world (p < .001) scores on thwarted belongingness as well as an indirect effect of chronic abuse on belongingness through world beliefs (p = .026).

Conclusions: While typically assessed within the context of posttraumatic stress disorder, results suggest that shifts in fundamental beliefs about the self and the world may have more general impacts on perceptions of burdensomeness and belonging in survivors of early, systematic abuse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:童年时期的慢性创伤一直与成年后的负面心理健康结果有关,但探索具体风险路径的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在探讨创伤认知作为长期受害与感知到的负担和归属感受挫之间关系的干预变量,这些变量与精神病理学的跨诊断风险有关:方法:采用半结构式访谈,对报告在 18 岁之前遭受过系统性身体暴力和/或性暴力的大学生(n = 101)与经历过其他标准-A 事件的大学生(n = 254)进行识别。通过创伤后认知清单(PTCI)和人际需求问卷-10(INQ-10)的得分来测量创伤认知(自我、世界和自责)和受挫的人际需求(负担感和受挫的归属感)。对这些横截面数据的路径模型进行了评估,以评估长期虐待通过自我、世界和自责认知对负担感和归属感受挫的间接影响:初始模型显示,长期受害与 PTCI 的自我(p = 0.044)和世界(p = 0.005)量表有关,自我信念对 INQ-10 负担感有独特影响(p < 0.001)。虐待通过自我信念对负担感的间接影响得到了支持(p = .050)。第二个模型确定了 PTCI 自我(p < .001)和世界(p < .001)得分对归属感受挫的直接影响,以及长期虐待通过世界信念对归属感的间接影响(p = .026):结论:虽然通常是在创伤后应激障碍的背景下进行评估,但结果表明,关于自我和世界的基本信念的转变可能会对早期系统性虐待幸存者的负担感和归属感产生更普遍的影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Trauma cognitions as intervening variables in the relation of chronic child abuse and thwarted interpersonal needs.","authors":"Johnathan Walker, Alexandria F Sowers, Robert A Kaya, M Kati Lear, Ryan M Kozina, Joshua D Clapp","doi":"10.1037/tra0001561","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic childhood trauma is consistently linked to negative mental health outcomes in adulthood, but research exploring specific paths of risk remains limited. The aims of the current study were to examine trauma cognitions as intervening variables in the relation of chronic victimization with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, variables implicated in transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semistructured interviews were used to identify university students reporting exposure to systematic physical and/or sexual violence prior to age 18 (<i>n</i> = 101) versus those experiencing other Criterion-A events (<i>n</i> = 254). Trauma cognitions (self, world, and self-blame) and thwarted interpersonal needs (burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) were measured using scores from the posttrauma cognitions inventory (PTCI) and the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-10 (INQ-10). Path models in these cross-sectional data were evaluated to assess the indirect effects of chronic abuse on burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness through self, world, and blame cognitions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An initial model indicated associations of chronic victimization on self (<i>p</i> = .044) and world (<i>p</i> = .005) scales of the PTCI and a unique effect of self-beliefs on INQ-10 burdensomeness (<i>p</i> < .001). An indirect effect of abuse on burdensomeness through self-beliefs was supported (<i>p</i> = .050). A second model identified direct effects of PTCI self (<i>p</i> < .001) and world (<i>p</i> < .001) scores on thwarted belongingness as well as an indirect effect of chronic abuse on belongingness through world beliefs (p = .026).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While typically assessed within the context of posttraumatic stress disorder, results suggest that shifts in fundamental beliefs about the self and the world may have more general impacts on perceptions of burdensomeness and belonging in survivors of early, systematic abuse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exposure to potentially morally injurious events in U.K. health and social care workers during COVID-19: Associations with PTSD and complex PTSD. 在 COVID-19 期间,英国卫生和社会护理工作者暴露于潜在的道德伤害事件:与创伤后应激障碍和复杂性创伤后应激障碍的关系。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001519
Talya Greene, Jasmine Harju-Seppänen, Jo Billings, Chris R Brewin, Dominic Murphy, Michael A P Bloomfield

Objective: Health and social care workers (HSCWs) have been shown to be at risk of exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine associations between exposure to PMIEs and meeting threshold criteria for probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and probable complex PTSD (CPTSD) in U.K. HSCWs immediately after the peak of the first COVID-19 wave.

Method: Frontline HSCWs from across the United Kingdom working in diverse roles in hospitals, nursing or care homes, and other community settings were recruited to the Frontline-COVID study via social media. Participants (n = 1,056) completed a cross-sectional online survey (May 27, 2020-July 23, 2020) which assessed exposure to PMIEs (nine-item Moral Injury Events Scale), and meeting symptom thresholds for probable PTSD and probable CPTSD (International Trauma Questionnaire).

Results: PMIEs related to witnessing others' wrongful actions and betrayal events were more commonly endorsed than perceived self-transgressions. The rate of probable International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) PTSD was 8.3%, and of probable ICD-11 CPTSD was 14.2%. Betrayal-related PMIEs were a significant predictor of probable PTSD or probable CPTSD, together with having been redeployed during the pandemic. The only variable that differentially predicted probable CPTSD as compared with probable PTSD was not having had reliable access to personal protective equipment; none of the PMIE types were differential predictors for screening positive for probable PTSD versus probable CPTSD.

Conclusions: Exposure to PIMEs could be important for PTSD and CPTSD development. Interventions for moral injury in HSCWs should be investigated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:在 COVID-19 大流行期间,医疗和社会护理工作者(HSCWs)已被证明面临暴露于潜在精神伤害事件(PMIEs)和精神健康问题的风险。本研究旨在探讨在 COVID-19 第一波高峰过后,英国高危社区工作者暴露于潜在精神伤害事件与达到可能的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和可能的复合型创伤后应激障碍(CPTSD)阈值标准之间的关联:前线-COVID 研究通过社交媒体招募英国各地在医院、疗养院或护理院以及其他社区环境中担任不同职务的前线 HSCWs。参与者(n = 1,056)完成了一项横断面在线调查(2020 年 5 月 27 日至 2020 年 7 月 23 日),该调查评估了接触 PMIEs(九项道德伤害事件量表)的情况,以及是否符合可能的创伤后应激障碍和可能的 CPTSD(国际创伤问卷)的症状阈值:结果:目睹他人不法行为和背叛事件相关的精神伤害事件比感知到的自我背叛事件更常见。可能患有《国际疾病分类》第 11 版(ICD-11)创伤后应激障碍的比例为 8.3%,可能患有 ICD-11 CPTSD 的比例为 14.2%。与背叛相关的 PMIE 是预测可能的创伤后应激障碍或可能的 CPTSD 的一个重要因素,此外,在大流行期间被重新部署也是一个重要因素。与可能的创伤后应激障碍相比,预测可能的创伤后应激障碍的唯一变量是无法可靠地获得个人防护设备;没有任何一种PMIE类型是预测可能的创伤后应激障碍与可能的创伤后应激障碍筛查结果呈阳性的差异因素:结论:接触个人防护设备可能对创伤后应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍的发展很重要。结论:暴露于 PIMEs 对创伤后应激障碍和 CPTSD 的发展可能很重要,应研究对 HSCWs 中道德伤害的干预措施。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
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Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy
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