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Revisiting the hidden wound: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence and divorce in Taiwan (2020-2021). 重新审视隐藏的伤口:COVID-19大流行对台湾家庭暴力和离婚的影响(2020-2021年)》。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001539
Yi-Han Chang, Shu-Sen Chang, Susyan Jou, Chia-Yueh Hsu, Kah Kheng Goh

Background: Data from some countries showed a worrisome increase in domestic violence but a paradoxical decrease in divorce during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on domestic violence and divorce in Taiwan in 2020-2021.

Method: Data for reported domestic violence and divorce by month and county/city (2017-2021) were from Taiwan government's registries. We used random-effects negative binomial regression to estimate the rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the observed numbers of domestic violence cases and divorces in 2020-2021 and the expected numbers based on prepandemic trends (2017-2019). We calculated RRs for the two outbreak periods (First: January-May 2020; Second: May-July 2021) and the two postoutbreak periods (First: June 2020-April 2021; Second: August-December 2021) and each month in 2020-2021.

Results: The number of overall domestic violence cases was greater than expected during the first COVID-19 outbreak-a 3% increase (95% CI [0.3%-6%])-and the two postoutbreak periods-a 9% increase ([6%-12%]) and a 12% increase ([8%-16%]), respectively. Intimate partner violence was the main contributor to the increases. The number of divorces was lower than expected throughout the pandemic (a 5%-24% decrease).

Conclusion: Reported domestic violence cases were higher than expected during the pandemic, particularly during the postoutbreak periods when the outbreak control measures were relaxed and people's movement resumed. Tailored prevention and intervention measures may be needed to address the increased vulnerability to domestic violence and restricted access to support during the outbreaks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

背景:一些国家的数据显示,在COVID-19大流行的最初几个月,家庭暴力增加,但离婚率却下降,令人担忧。我们调查了这一流行病对 2020-2021 年台湾家庭暴力和离婚的影响:按月份和县/市分列的家庭暴力和离婚报告数据(2017-2021 年)来自台湾政府登记处。我们使用随机效应负二项回归法估算了 2020-2021 年观察到的家庭暴力和离婚数量与基于疫情爆发前趋势(2017-2019 年)的预期数量之间的比率比 (RR) 及其 95% 置信区间 (CI)。我们计算了两个爆发期(第一期:2020 年 1 月至 5 月;第二期:2021 年 5 月至 7 月)和两个爆发后期(第一期:2020 年 6 月至 2021 年 4 月;第二期:2021 年 8 月至 12 月)以及 2020-2021 年每个月的 RRs:结果:在 COVID-19 第一次疫情爆发期间,家庭暴力案件总数超出预期--增加了 3%(95% CI [0.3%-6%]),而在疫情爆发后的两个时期,则分别增加了 9%([6%-12%])和 12%([8%-16%])。亲密伴侣间的暴力行为是导致离婚率上升的主要原因。在整个疫情期间,离婚数量低于预期(下降 5%-24%):结论:在大流行期间,特别是在疫情爆发后疫情控制措施放松、人们恢复流动的时期,报告的家庭暴力案件高于预期。可能需要采取有针对性的预防和干预措施,以解决在疫情爆发期间人们更容易遭受家庭暴力以及获得支持的途径受到限制的问题。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA,版权所有。)
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引用次数: 0
The dual role of time perception in trauma-exposed individuals: A conceptual review. 创伤暴露个体时间知觉的双重作用:概念回顾。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001631
Chava Treitel, Einat Levy-Gigi

Objective: This comprehensive review seeks to integrate knowledge on the dual role of time as a reactive and a constructive measure with literature on the distinctive encoding of traumatic memories. First, we discuss the dual role of time. Later, we show how encoding traumatic events may lead to chronic alteration in time perception. Finally, we review the potential of temporal metacognitive awareness as a therapeutic avenue to rectify chronic time dilation following trauma, ultimately mitigating posttraumatic symptoms.

Method: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted using four main terms: time perception, temporal encoding of traumatic memories, temporal metacognitive awareness, and temporal learning tasks as clinical interventions.

Results: The review proposes that the interplay between the dual roles of time-reactive and constructive-alongside the elemental encoding of traumatic events can give rise to a self-perpetuating cycle. Within this cycle, overgeneralized fear could lead to neutral stimuli triggering and fortifying time dilation, thus contributing to the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Furthermore, we propose that cultivating temporal metacognitive awareness could potentially yield a positive impact on time dilation by embracing a more adaptable learning approach-one that places less emphasis on external signals and does not necessitate direct engagement with traumatic content. Strengthened temporal awareness might serve to mitigate chronic time dilation, potentially leading to a reduction in PTSD symptoms.

Conclusion: The review emphasizes the need for further research to examine whether enhancing temporal metacognitive awareness for time duration may offer an innovative and effective avenue for alleviating PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:本综述旨在将时间作为一种反应性和建设性措施的双重作用与创伤记忆的独特编码文献相结合。首先,我们讨论时间的双重作用。稍后,我们将展示创伤性事件的编码如何导致时间感知的慢性改变。最后,我们回顾了时间元认知意识作为纠正创伤后慢性时间扩张的治疗途径的潜力,最终减轻创伤后症状。方法:以时间感知、创伤记忆时间编码、时间元认知意识和时间学习任务四个主要术语作为临床干预手段,系统检索电子数据库。结果:本综述提出,时间反应性和建构性的双重角色之间的相互作用以及创伤事件的基本编码可以产生一个自我延续的循环。在这个循环中,过度泛化的恐惧可能导致中性刺激触发和强化时间膨胀,从而有助于维持创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状。此外,我们提出,培养时间元认知意识可能会通过采用更具适应性的学习方法对时间扩张产生积极影响,这种学习方法不太强调外部信号,也不需要直接接触创伤性内容。加强时间意识可能有助于缓解慢性时间扩张,可能导致PTSD症状的减少。结论:本综述强调需要进一步研究增强时间元认知意识是否可能为减轻创伤暴露个体的PTSD症状提供一种创新和有效的途径。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
"The war is here!" anxiety, trauma centrality, and the mediating role of daily stressors in Romanian and Ukrainian civilians. 罗马尼亚和乌克兰平民的 "战争来了!"焦虑、创伤中心化以及日常压力因素的调解作用。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001572
Tudor-Daniel Huțul, Adina Karner-Huțuleac, Andreea Huțul

Objective: The present study investigated the level of anxiety among Ukrainian and Romanian civilians brought about by the war that started in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, using a model for the impact of traumatic experiences. We aimed to test the mediating effect of daily stressors on the relationships between trauma centrality and anxiety.

Method: The research was conducted on a sample of 720 people (24.3% males and 75.7% females, Mage = 35.61, SD = 12.59). Participants were civilians who lived either in Ukraine or outside Ukraine but at a maximum distance of 100 km from the border when the conflict started. They filled out questionnaires that measure anxiety, trauma centrality-indicating how central an event is to an individual's identity and life story, and daily stressors-predisposing factor for negative mental health outcomes.

Results: The outcomes highlighted the direct relationship between trauma centrality and anxiety, but also the mediating effect of daily stressors on the aforementioned relationships (in the overall sample, Ukrainian sample, and Romanian sample). Our research also underlined that there are significant differences in anxiety levels between people who have children and those who do not (in the overall sample and the Ukrainian sample, but not among Romanian civilians).

Conclusions: The present work contributes by enhancing knowledge about the relationships between trauma centrality, daily stressors, and anxiety within a war context, and the particularization of Carlson and Dalenberg's model (2000) in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

研究目的本研究采用创伤经历影响模型,调查了乌克兰和罗马尼亚平民因 2022 年 2 月 24 日在乌克兰爆发的战争而产生的焦虑程度。我们旨在检验日常压力因素对创伤中心性与焦虑之间关系的中介效应:研究对象为 720 人(男性占 24.3%,女性占 75.7%,平均年龄 = 35.61,平均标准偏差 = 12.59)。参与者均为平民,他们居住在乌克兰境内或境外,但在冲突开始时与边境的最大距离为 100 公里。他们填写了调查问卷,以测量焦虑、创伤中心性(表明事件在个人身份和生活经历中的中心程度)和日常压力因素(消极心理健康结果的诱发因素):研究结果表明,创伤中心性与焦虑之间存在直接关系,日常压力因素对上述关系也有中介作用(在总体样本、乌克兰样本和罗马尼亚样本中)。我们的研究还强调,有孩子的人和没有孩子的人在焦虑水平上存在显著差异(在总体样本和乌克兰样本中,但在罗马尼亚平民中没有差异):本研究有助于加深人们对战争背景下创伤中心性、日常压力源和焦虑之间关系的了解,以及卡尔森和达伦伯格模型(2000 年)在俄乌战争背景下的具体化。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Principles for secondary traumatic stress-responsive practice: An expert consensus approach. 二次创伤应激反应实践原则:专家共识方法。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001575
Brian E Bride, Ginny Sprang, Alison Hendricks, Cambria R Walsh, Françoise Mathieu, Karen Hangartner, Leslie A Ross, Patricia Fisher, Brian C Miller

Objective: Though research on secondary traumatic stress (STS) has greatly increased in the past decade, to date the field lacks a coherent set of guiding principles for practice that behavioral health providers and organizations can use to mitigate the occurrence and impact of STS. As such it is important to identify effective strategies, grounded in research and professional experience, to reduce the occurrence and impact of STS among behavioral health professionals and organizations.

Method: We conducted a four-stage modified Delphi survey. Thirty-one international STS experts were invited to participate, with a minimum of 19 responding in each round. Thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data, which was incorporated into revisions of the principles.

Results: Consensus was achieved on 14 principles, seven targeted at individual professionals, and seven targeted at organizations.

Conclusions: This is the first effort to delineate principles for practice intended to reduce the occurrence and impact of STS in individual and organizational practice in behavioral health services. The principles are intended to inform best practices for individuals and organizations providing services to persons and communities who have experienced trauma and thereby improve the quality and effectiveness of services to traumatized populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:尽管在过去十年中,有关二次创伤压力(STS)的研究大大增加,但迄今为止,该领域还缺乏一套连贯的指导原则,供行为健康服务提供者和机构用于减少 STS 的发生和影响。因此,根据研究和专业经验确定有效的策略,以减少行为健康专业人员和组织中 STS 的发生和影响非常重要:方法:我们进行了四阶段的改良德尔菲调查。我们邀请了 31 位国际 STS 专家参与,每轮至少有 19 位专家做出回应。对定性数据进行了主题分析,并将其纳入原则的修订中:结果:就 14 项原则达成了共识,其中 7 项针对专业人员个人,7 项针对组织机构:这是首次制定实践原则,旨在减少个人和组织在行为健康服务实践中 STS 的发生和影响。这些原则旨在为向经历过创伤的个人和社区提供服务的个人和组织提供最佳实践信息,从而提高向遭受创伤的人群提供服务的质量和有效性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Trauma Scale: Psychometric evaluation of Black men's beliefs, emotions, and coping. 文化创伤量表:对黑人男性信仰、情绪和应对方式的心理测量评估。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001607
Virgil Lee Gregory, Joseph Tucker Edmonds

Racism and gender-based prejudice produce a synergistic and toxic effect that necessitates analysis. There is a need to conduct more research with Black men as their experiences with race-based trauma may differ, given their concurrent disproportionate exposure to other forms of violence.

Objective: The study's purpose was to develop items for and evaluate the factor structure and internal consistency of the Cultural Trauma Scale (CuTS) in an exclusive sample of Black men.

Method: Using the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Community Alliance for Research Engagement principles, the study was conducted in a context of community-engaged research. Data were collected from individual interviews and focus groups, subject matter experts, and a sample of 150 adult Black men. Principal axis factoring (PAF) was used to determine the factor structure of the scale items.

Results: Via PAF the final factor structure included five constructs addressing: American and its justice system: cognitive-emotional responses (Cronbach's α = .88), cognitive-behavioral coping (Cronbach's α = .77), willingness to seek cultural trauma treatment (Cronbach's α = .88), tripartite police fear (Cronbach's α = .81), and resilience (Cronbach's α = .61).

Conclusions: The CuTS represents psychometric advancement in the measurement of Black male social justice and healing from cultural trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

种族主义和基于性别的偏见产生了协同和有害的影响,需要进行分析。有必要对黑人男性进行更多的研究,因为考虑到他们同时不成比例地暴露在其他形式的暴力中,他们遭受种族创伤的经历可能会有所不同。目的:本研究的目的是在黑人男性的独家样本中开发文化创伤量表(CuTS)的因素结构和内部一致性项目,并对其进行评估。方法:采用耶鲁大学临床调查中心研究参与社区联盟原则,在社区参与研究的背景下进行研究。数据来自个人访谈和焦点小组、主题专家以及150名成年黑人男性的样本。采用主轴因子分解法确定量表项目的因子结构。结果:通过PAF,最终的因素结构包括五个结构:美国及其司法系统:认知-情绪反应(Cronbachα=.88)、认知-行为应对(Cronbahα=.77)、寻求文化创伤治疗的意愿(Cronbchα=.88),结论:CuTS代表了衡量黑人男性社会正义和文化创伤愈合的心理测量进步。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Cultural Trauma Scale: Psychometric evaluation of Black men's beliefs, emotions, and coping.","authors":"Virgil Lee Gregory, Joseph Tucker Edmonds","doi":"10.1037/tra0001607","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racism and gender-based prejudice produce a synergistic and toxic effect that necessitates analysis. There is a need to conduct more research with Black men as their experiences with race-based trauma may differ, given their concurrent disproportionate exposure to other forms of violence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study's purpose was to develop items for and evaluate the factor structure and internal consistency of the Cultural Trauma Scale (CuTS) in an exclusive sample of Black men.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Community Alliance for Research Engagement principles, the study was conducted in a context of community-engaged research. Data were collected from individual interviews and focus groups, subject matter experts, and a sample of 150 adult Black men. Principal axis factoring (PAF) was used to determine the factor structure of the scale items.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Via PAF the final factor structure included five constructs addressing: American and its justice system: cognitive-emotional responses (Cronbach's α = .88), cognitive-behavioral coping (Cronbach's α = .77), willingness to seek cultural trauma treatment (Cronbach's α = .88), tripartite police fear (Cronbach's α = .81), and resilience (Cronbach's α = .61).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CuTS represents psychometric advancement in the measurement of Black male social justice and healing from cultural trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1329-1337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71426400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder and head injury on reactive and appetitive aggression in adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon. 创伤后应激障碍和头部受伤对黎巴嫩境内叙利亚成年难民的反应性攻击和食欲性攻击的影响。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001796
Walaa G El Sheikh, Hussein Abou-Abbass, Maya Bizri, Hani Tamim, Lina Karout, Farah Allouch, Rawan Chehade, Mayssa Ghannam, Youssef Fares, Zeina Nasser, Samar Al-Hajj, Hayat Harati, Firas Kobeissy

Objective: Refugees are highly vulnerable to mental health disorders and head injuries. The primary aim of this study is to examine the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and head injury on reactive and appetitive aggression in adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting adult Arab United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees-registered Syrian refugees residing in Beirut and southern regions of Lebanon. Eligible refugees completed a battery of questionnaires including the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, the Trauma Events and Head Injury sections of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Appetitive Aggression Scale.

Results: A total of 191 Syrian refugees participated in the study: 62.83% were females, and the mean age was 31.01 years (SD = 10.98). The severity of PTSD (adjusted B = 0.18, 95% CI [0.05, 0.31], p = .006), having experienced at least one head injury trauma event (adjusted B = 10.20, 95% CI [1.61, 18.79], p = .020), and the severity of somatic symptoms (adjusted B = 0.71, 95% CI [0.23, 1.20], p = .004) were significant risk factors of reactive aggression. As for appetitive aggression, males (females adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.06, 95% CI [0.02, 0.18], p < .001), younger individuals (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.91, 0.99], p = .024), and higher severity of somatic symptoms (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.09, 1.32], p < .001) were significant risk factors.

Conclusions: PTSD and head injury are independent risk factors for reactive aggression but not appetitive aggression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon, while the severity of somatic symptoms is an independent risk factor for both reactive and appetitive aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:难民极易受到精神疾病和头部伤害的影响。本研究的主要目的是探讨创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和头部损伤对黎巴嫩成年叙利亚难民的反应性攻击和食欲性攻击的影响:本研究针对居住在贝鲁特和黎巴嫩南部地区、在联合国难民事务高级专员办事处登记注册的成年阿拉伯叙利亚难民开展了一项横断面研究。符合条件的难民填写了一系列问卷,包括《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版创伤后应激障碍检查表、哈佛创伤问卷的创伤事件和头部伤害部分、布斯-佩里攻击行为问卷和食欲性攻击行为量表:共有 191 名叙利亚难民参与了研究:女性占 62.83%,平均年龄为 31.01 岁(SD = 10.98)。创伤后应激障碍的严重程度(调整后 B = 0.18,95% CI [0.05,0.31],p = .006)、至少经历过一次头部创伤事件(调整后 B = 10.20,95% CI [1.61,18.79],p = .020)和躯体症状的严重程度(调整后 B = 0.71,95% CI [0.23,1.20],p = .004)是反应性攻击的显著风险因素。至于食欲性攻击,男性(女性调整OR [aOR] = 0.06,95% CI [0.02,0.18],p < .001)、年轻个体(aOR = 0.95,95% CI [0.91,0.99],p = .024)和较高的躯体症状严重程度(aOR = 1.20,95% CI [1.09,1.32],p < .001)是重要的风险因素:结论:创伤后应激障碍和头部受伤是黎巴嫩境内叙利亚难民出现反应性攻击行为的独立风险因素,但不是食欲性攻击行为的独立风险因素,而躯体症状的严重程度则是出现反应性攻击行为和食欲性攻击行为的独立风险因素。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder and head injury on reactive and appetitive aggression in adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon.","authors":"Walaa G El Sheikh, Hussein Abou-Abbass, Maya Bizri, Hani Tamim, Lina Karout, Farah Allouch, Rawan Chehade, Mayssa Ghannam, Youssef Fares, Zeina Nasser, Samar Al-Hajj, Hayat Harati, Firas Kobeissy","doi":"10.1037/tra0001796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Refugees are highly vulnerable to mental health disorders and head injuries. The primary aim of this study is to examine the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and head injury on reactive and appetitive aggression in adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting adult Arab United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees-registered Syrian refugees residing in Beirut and southern regions of Lebanon. Eligible refugees completed a battery of questionnaires including the PTSD Checklist for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition,</i> the Trauma Events and Head Injury sections of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Appetitive Aggression Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 191 Syrian refugees participated in the study: 62.83% were females, and the mean age was 31.01 years (<i>SD</i> = 10.98). The severity of PTSD (adjusted <i>B</i> = 0.18, 95% CI [0.05, 0.31], <i>p</i> = .006), having experienced at least one head injury trauma event (adjusted B = 10.20, 95% CI [1.61, 18.79], <i>p</i> = .020), and the severity of somatic symptoms (adjusted <i>B</i> = 0.71, 95% CI [0.23, 1.20], <i>p</i> = .004) were significant risk factors of reactive aggression. As for appetitive aggression, males (females adjusted <i>OR</i> [a<i>OR</i>] = 0.06, 95% CI [0.02, 0.18], <i>p</i> < .001), younger individuals (a<i>OR</i> = 0.95, 95% CI [0.91, 0.99], <i>p</i> = .024), and higher severity of somatic symptoms (a<i>OR</i> = 1.20, 95% CI [1.09, 1.32], <i>p</i> < .001) were significant risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PTSD and head injury are independent risk factors for reactive aggression but not appetitive aggression in Syrian refugees in Lebanon, while the severity of somatic symptoms is an independent risk factor for both reactive and appetitive aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying transdiagnostic and multidimensional prognostic indicators among veterans with PTSD symptoms in brief integrated care settings. 在简短的综合护理环境中,确定有创伤后应激障碍症状的退伍军人的跨诊断和多维预后指标。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001809
Shane W Adams, Kyle Possemato, Eric Kuhn

Objective: Brief integrated care settings hold promise for accessible and effective trauma-informed interventions. However, clinicians often have difficulty efficiently forecasting who is most appropriate for interventions in such settings and how to target individualized care. Multidimensional and transdiagnostic evaluations may provide valuable information to improve stepped-care and treatment practices for veterans.

Method: A middle-out approach was used to concurrently evaluate self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and physical health problems using cross-sectional (latent profile analysis) and longitudinal (latent growth mixture modeling) analyses that identified unique symptom profiles, trajectories of traumatic stress reactions, and correlates of these health outcomes. Data from 234 veterans who participated in a randomized controlled trial of primary care PTSD intervention were analyzed at 0, 8, 16, and 24 weeks.

Results: Latent profile analysis identified two homogenous baseline profiles: global symptoms (33.8%); low dysphoria-lower negative cognitions, mood, and depressive symptoms (66.2%). Low dysphoria participants reported more social relationships (OR = 1.32) and fewer environmental (OR = 0.89) and financial (OR = 0.23-0.35) stressors. Latent growth mixture modeling identified three trajectories: (a) reducing symptoms ("responders"; 21.3%) and chronic symptoms of (b) moderate (59.6%) and (c) high (19.1%) severity. Low dysphoria participants were 4.35 times more likely to be responders over time compared to participants with moderate severity symptoms.

Conclusions: Findings indicated that veterans with moderate PTSD symptoms and physical health problems but low dysphoria may respond best to trauma-informed intervention in brief integrated care settings, while others may require further individualized stepped care. Findings demonstrate unique traumatic stress reactions that support individualized stepped care and may offer greater treatment utilization, retention, and efficacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:简易综合护理环境有望提供方便有效的创伤知情干预。然而,临床医生往往难以有效预测谁最适合在这种环境中接受干预,以及如何有针对性地提供个性化护理。多维度和跨诊断评估可为改善退伍军人的分级护理和治疗实践提供有价值的信息:方法:采用 "中间向外 "的方法,同时评估创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)自报症状、抑郁症状和身体健康问题,并使用横截面(潜在轮廓分析)和纵向(潜在增长混合模型)分析,确定独特的症状轮廓、创伤应激反应轨迹以及这些健康结果的相关因素。我们对参加创伤后应激障碍初级护理干预随机对照试验的 234 名退伍军人在 0、8、16 和 24 周的数据进行了分析:潜特征分析确定了两种同质基线特征:整体症状(33.8%);低焦虑症--较低的负面认知、情绪和抑郁症状(66.2%)。低焦虑症参与者报告了更多的社会关系(OR = 1.32),更少的环境(OR = 0.89)和经济(OR = 0.23-0.35)压力。潜增长混合模型确定了三个轨迹:(a)症状减轻("反应者";21.3%)和(b)中度(59.6%)和(c)高度(19.1%)严重的慢性症状。与中度症状参与者相比,随着时间的推移,低度焦虑症参与者成为应答者的可能性要高出4.35倍:研究结果表明,有中度创伤后应激障碍症状和身体健康问题但精神障碍程度较低的退伍军人可能会在简短的综合护理环境中对创伤知情干预做出最佳反应,而其他退伍军人则可能需要进一步的个性化阶梯护理。研究结果表明,独特的创伤应激反应支持个性化的阶梯式护理,并可能提高治疗的利用率、保留率和疗效。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Identifying transdiagnostic and multidimensional prognostic indicators among veterans with PTSD symptoms in brief integrated care settings.","authors":"Shane W Adams, Kyle Possemato, Eric Kuhn","doi":"10.1037/tra0001809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Brief integrated care settings hold promise for accessible and effective trauma-informed interventions. However, clinicians often have difficulty efficiently forecasting who is most appropriate for interventions in such settings and how to target individualized care. Multidimensional and transdiagnostic evaluations may provide valuable information to improve stepped-care and treatment practices for veterans.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A middle-out approach was used to concurrently evaluate self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and physical health problems using cross-sectional (latent profile analysis) and longitudinal (latent growth mixture modeling) analyses that identified unique symptom profiles, trajectories of traumatic stress reactions, and correlates of these health outcomes. Data from 234 veterans who participated in a randomized controlled trial of primary care PTSD intervention were analyzed at 0, 8, 16, and 24 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent profile analysis identified two homogenous baseline profiles: global symptoms (33.8%); low dysphoria-lower negative cognitions, mood, and depressive symptoms (66.2%). Low dysphoria participants reported more social relationships (<i>OR</i> = 1.32) and fewer environmental (<i>OR</i> = 0.89) and financial (<i>OR</i> = 0.23-0.35) stressors. Latent growth mixture modeling identified three trajectories: (a) reducing symptoms (\"responders\"; 21.3%) and chronic symptoms of (b) moderate (59.6%) and (c) high (19.1%) severity. Low dysphoria participants were 4.35 times more likely to be responders over time compared to participants with moderate severity symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicated that veterans with moderate PTSD symptoms and physical health problems but low dysphoria may respond best to trauma-informed intervention in brief integrated care settings, while others may require further individualized stepped care. Findings demonstrate unique traumatic stress reactions that support individualized stepped care and may offer greater treatment utilization, retention, and efficacy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can the subjective perception of trauma effectively differentiate between International Classification of Diseases-11 PTSD and complex PTSD? The 2022 Russian invasion analysis. 创伤的主观感受能否有效区分国际疾病分类-11创伤后应激障碍和复杂创伤后应激障碍?2022 年俄罗斯入侵分析。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001801
Shir Mor-Ben-Ishai, Yaira Hamama-Raz, Elazar Leshem, Menachem Ben-Ezra, Yafit Levin

Objective: This study is aimed to test the association of the Subjective Traumatic Outlook (STO) concept for distinguishing between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD. Focusing on identity dimensions within identity theory, the research aims to understand how subjective factors influence psychological outcomes, especially in the context of trauma during prolonged war. Findings can inform our understanding of the perception of trauma during wartime.

Method: We examined a national sample of 1,895 Ukrainians during the Russian invasion, who completed the International Trauma Questionnaire and the STO. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and contrast measurement, were conducted to examine associations while controlling for demographic factors.

Results: Our study highlights distinct STO levels associated with varying degrees of trauma-related disorders. Lower STO scores relate to reduced disorder likelihood, while higher STO levels indicate greater risk, particularly for complex PTSD. These distinctions persist even when considering demographic variables associated with wartime conditions.

Conclusion: Our research contributes to the understanding of PTSD/complex PTSD during ongoing conflict and underscores the applicability of identity aspects in elucidating the influence of subjective factors on psychological outcomes. This exploration of STO represents another approach to understanding internal perspectives in trauma-related disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

研究目的本研究旨在检验主观创伤前景(STO)概念与区分创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和复杂创伤后应激障碍的关联性。研究以身份理论中的身份维度为重点,旨在了解主观因素如何影响心理结果,尤其是在长期战争的创伤背景下。研究结果可以帮助我们理解战时对创伤的认知:我们对俄罗斯入侵期间的 1895 名乌克兰人进行了全国抽样调查,他们填写了国际创伤问卷和 STO。在控制人口统计学因素的同时,我们还进行了统计分析,包括方差分析、协方差分析和对比测量,以研究相关性:结果:我们的研究强调了与不同程度的创伤相关失调相关的不同 STO 水平。较低的 STO 分数与失调可能性降低有关,而较高的 STO 水平则表明风险更大,尤其是对复杂创伤后应激障碍而言。即使考虑到与战时状况相关的人口统计学变量,这些区别仍然存在:我们的研究有助于人们了解持续冲突期间的创伤后应激障碍/复杂性创伤后应激障碍,并强调了身份认同在阐明主观因素对心理结果的影响方面的适用性。对STO的探索代表了理解创伤相关疾病内部视角的另一种方法。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the mobile Mantram Repetition Program for veterans with PTSD: A multimethod randomized feasibility trial of self-directed versus text support delivery. 评估针对患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人的移动 "曼特拉姆重复计划":自我指导与文本支持交付的多方法随机可行性试验。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001811
Caitlin L McLean, Ashley Faytol, Gage M Chu, Andrea Henneken, Borsika A Rabin, James O E Pittman, Laurie Lindamer, Ariel J Lang

Objective: While mobile delivery can help increase access to evidence-based treatment for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), feasibility and acceptability are of concern with the potential for high attrition rates and limited participation. The Mantram Repetition Program (MRP), a meditation-focused approach with documented efficacy for reducing symptoms of PTSD and insomnia, was adapted as a brief, mobile-delivered MRP (mMRP) training. This study assessed implementation indicators of mMRP and compared self-directed users of mMRP versus users who received additional text message support.

Method: Thirty-six veterans with clinically significant PTSD symptoms (Mage = 50.50 years; 83.3% male; 72.2% White; 88.9% heterosexual) completed four weekly training video modules. Participants completed questions related to program satisfaction, mantram repetition use, clinical measures, and a 30-min individual interview.

Results: Participants reported using their mantram between 4 and 5 days per week. Participants indicated that mMRP was generally acceptable, appropriate, and feasible across quantitative and qualitative data. On clinical measures, change from pre- to postintervention was significant for the brief symptom screen, PTSD symptoms, and Personal Health Inventory but not for depression or insomnia symptoms. No significant differences were found between the self-directed and supported conditions; however, data suggest that participants primarily engaged with the support for administrative needs. Qualitative data highlighted suggestions for mMRP improvement, including alternative methods for receiving support and more content on how to use the skills taught.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that mMRP can be delivered in a brief format, with veterans learning and using mantram repetition. Developing additional ways of individualizing the mMRP and further testing are warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:虽然移动医疗有助于增加患有创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的退伍军人获得循证治疗的机会,但其可行性和可接受性却令人担忧,因为可能会出现高流失率和有限的参与度。曼特拉姆重复计划(Mantram Repetition Program,简称 MRP)是一种以冥想为重点的方法,对减轻创伤后应激障碍和失眠症状有显著疗效。本研究评估了 mMRP 的实施指标,并对 mMRP 的自主使用者与接受额外短信支持的使用者进行了比较:36 名有临床严重创伤后应激障碍症状的退伍军人(年龄 = 50.50 岁;83.3% 为男性;72.2% 为白人;88.9% 为异性恋者)完成了每周四次的培训视频模块。参与者完成了与项目满意度、咒语重复使用、临床测量和 30 分钟个人访谈相关的问题:结果:参与者表示每周使用曼陀罗 4 到 5 天。从定量和定性数据来看,参与者普遍认为 mMRP 是可接受的、适当的和可行的。在临床测量方面,干预前与干预后的简短症状筛查、创伤后应激障碍症状和个人健康量表有显著变化,但抑郁或失眠症状无显著变化。在自我指导和支持条件之间没有发现明显的差异;但是,数据表明,参与者主要是出于管理需要而参与支持。定性数据强调了对移动心理康复计划的改进建议,包括接受支持的其他方法和更多关于如何使用所教技能的内容:研究结果表明,可以通过简短的形式,让退伍军人学习和使用曼陀罗重复法来实施 mMRP。有必要开发更多个性化 mMRP 的方法并进行进一步测试。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Evaluating the mobile Mantram Repetition Program for veterans with PTSD: A multimethod randomized feasibility trial of self-directed versus text support delivery.","authors":"Caitlin L McLean, Ashley Faytol, Gage M Chu, Andrea Henneken, Borsika A Rabin, James O E Pittman, Laurie Lindamer, Ariel J Lang","doi":"10.1037/tra0001811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While mobile delivery can help increase access to evidence-based treatment for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), feasibility and acceptability are of concern with the potential for high attrition rates and limited participation. The Mantram Repetition Program (MRP), a meditation-focused approach with documented efficacy for reducing symptoms of PTSD and insomnia, was adapted as a brief, mobile-delivered MRP (mMRP) training. This study assessed implementation indicators of mMRP and compared self-directed users of mMRP versus users who received additional text message support.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-six veterans with clinically significant PTSD symptoms (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 50.50 years; 83.3% male; 72.2% White; 88.9% heterosexual) completed four weekly training video modules. Participants completed questions related to program satisfaction, mantram repetition use, clinical measures, and a 30-min individual interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported using their mantram between 4 and 5 days per week. Participants indicated that mMRP was generally acceptable, appropriate, and feasible across quantitative and qualitative data. On clinical measures, change from pre- to postintervention was significant for the brief symptom screen, PTSD symptoms, and Personal Health Inventory but not for depression or insomnia symptoms. No significant differences were found between the self-directed and supported conditions; however, data suggest that participants primarily engaged with the support for administrative needs. Qualitative data highlighted suggestions for mMRP improvement, including alternative methods for receiving support and more content on how to use the skills taught.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that mMRP can be delivered in a brief format, with veterans learning and using mantram repetition. Developing additional ways of individualizing the mMRP and further testing are warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trajectories and predictors of depressive symptoms among pregnant women: A 3-year longitudinal study. 孕妇抑郁症状的轨迹和预测因素:为期三年的纵向研究。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001750
Xiao-Yan Chen, Camilla K M Lo, Rosa S Wong, Keith T S Tung, Winnie W Y Tso, Frederick K Ho, Wing Cheong Leung, Patrick Ip, Ko Ling Chan

Objective: Not all women experience the same changes in depression from pregnancy through the years following childbirth, but the patterns of prenatal and postnatal depression are underexplored. This study investigated the trajectories and associated predictors of depressive symptoms in women from pregnancy through the first 3 years postpartum.

Method: We followed 340 pregnant women from an antenatal clinic in Hong Kong, first at 20-24 weeks of gestation, then at 4 weeks after childbirth, and again at 3 years after childbirth. Pregnant women reported their depressive symptoms whether they had intimate partner violence, health conditions, adverse childhood experiences, family support, and perceived partner involvement. Latent class growth analysis was applied to identify distinct trajectories of depression, and binary logistic regressions were performed to analyze predictors of trajectories.

Results: We found that 26.5% of women showed clinical depressive symptoms at 20-24 weeks of gestation, 9.7% at 4 weeks after childbirth, and 12.6% at 3 years after childbirth. Two classes were identified: a low-stable group (86.2%) and a relapsing/remitting group (13.8%). Women with a history of trauma (i.e., intimate partner violence and adverse childhood experiences) and mental health difficulties were more likely to be classified in the relapsing/remitting group than in the low-stable group. Family support and partner emotional involvement appeared to protect the women from suffering relapsing/remitting depression.

Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of screening for depression throughout pregnancy and extending several years postpartum. Distinguishing the different trajectories of depression and identifying its associated factors are critical to providing targeted interventions to the most vulnerable women (i.e., a relapsing/remitting group in the present study). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:并非所有妇女从怀孕到产后几年的抑郁变化都相同,但产前和产后抑郁的模式却未得到充分探索。本研究调查了妇女从怀孕到产后头 3 年的抑郁症状轨迹和相关预测因素:方法:我们对香港一家产前诊所的 340 名孕妇进行了跟踪调查,首先是妊娠 20-24 周的孕妇,然后是产后 4 周的孕妇,最后是产后 3 年的孕妇。孕妇报告了她们是否有亲密伴侣暴力、健康状况、不良童年经历、家庭支持和感知伴侣参与等方面的抑郁症状。采用潜类增长分析来确定抑郁的不同轨迹,并进行二元逻辑回归来分析轨迹的预测因素:我们发现,26.5%的妇女在妊娠 20-24 周时出现临床抑郁症状,9.7%的妇女在产后 4 周出现临床抑郁症状,12.6%的妇女在产后 3 年出现临床抑郁症状。结果发现了两类人群:低稳定性人群(86.2%)和复发/缓解人群(13.8%)。与低稳定性组相比,有创伤史(即亲密伴侣暴力和不良童年经历)和心理健康困难的妇女更有可能被归入复发/缓解组。家庭支持和伴侣的情感参与似乎能保护妇女免受抑郁症复发/缓解的困扰:研究结果强调了在整个孕期和产后数年内筛查抑郁症的重要性。区分抑郁症的不同发展轨迹并确定其相关因素,对于向最脆弱的妇女(即本研究中的复发/缓解组)提供有针对性的干预措施至关重要。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Trajectories and predictors of depressive symptoms among pregnant women: A 3-year longitudinal study.","authors":"Xiao-Yan Chen, Camilla K M Lo, Rosa S Wong, Keith T S Tung, Winnie W Y Tso, Frederick K Ho, Wing Cheong Leung, Patrick Ip, Ko Ling Chan","doi":"10.1037/tra0001750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Not all women experience the same changes in depression from pregnancy through the years following childbirth, but the patterns of prenatal and postnatal depression are underexplored. This study investigated the trajectories and associated predictors of depressive symptoms in women from pregnancy through the first 3 years postpartum.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We followed 340 pregnant women from an antenatal clinic in Hong Kong, first at 20-24 weeks of gestation, then at 4 weeks after childbirth, and again at 3 years after childbirth. Pregnant women reported their depressive symptoms whether they had intimate partner violence, health conditions, adverse childhood experiences, family support, and perceived partner involvement. Latent class growth analysis was applied to identify distinct trajectories of depression, and binary logistic regressions were performed to analyze predictors of trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 26.5% of women showed clinical depressive symptoms at 20-24 weeks of gestation, 9.7% at 4 weeks after childbirth, and 12.6% at 3 years after childbirth. Two classes were identified: a low-stable group (86.2%) and a relapsing/remitting group (13.8%). Women with a history of trauma (i.e., intimate partner violence and adverse childhood experiences) and mental health difficulties were more likely to be classified in the relapsing/remitting group than in the low-stable group. Family support and partner emotional involvement appeared to protect the women from suffering relapsing/remitting depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the importance of screening for depression throughout pregnancy and extending several years postpartum. Distinguishing the different trajectories of depression and identifying its associated factors are critical to providing targeted interventions to the most vulnerable women (i.e., a relapsing/remitting group in the present study). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy
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