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Hardiness predicts mental health recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19大流行期间,心理健康恢复的预测因素。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001660
Emily W Wu, Melissa J Hagan, Kevin Eschleman, David E Gard

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has elicited wide-scale general psychological distress; however, longitudinal investigations are required to identify the critical resources that support individuals' adaptation to this type of unique situation over time. Hardiness, a cognitive trait that facilitates adaptation in the context of adversity and possible posttraumatic growth, may be particularly influential on mental health recovery during health disasters when other resources are not available or effective.

Method: We tested the hypothesis that greater psychological hardiness prior to the pandemic would predict lower traumatic stress symptoms (TSSs) and loneliness early into the pandemic and decreases in TSSs and loneliness between early 2020 and late 2021. Predominantly ethnic minority (77% Latina/o/x or Asian American) female young adults (N = 80; Mage = 25 years; 88% female) attending a minority-serving public university completed a measure of hardiness in January 2020 as well as measures of pandemic-related TSSs and loneliness in April 2020, October 2020, and December 2021.

Results: Latent growth curve analyses indicated that hardiness was associated with lower initial loneliness as well as decreases in TSSs and loneliness over time.

Conclusions: Consistent with previous research on adaptation to other potentially traumatic stressors, the current findings suggest that psychological hardiness may play a critical protective role during a global health disaster, both in terms of initial distress and changes in distress over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:COVID-19大流行病引起了广泛的普遍心理困扰;然而,需要进行纵向调查,以确定支持个人长期适应这类特殊情况的关键资源。坚韧性是一种认知特质,它有助于在逆境中的适应和可能的创伤后成长,在卫生灾难期间,当其他资源不可用或无效时,坚韧性可能对心理健康的恢复特别有影响:我们测试了这样一个假设:在大流行病发生之前,如果心理承受能力较强,那么在大流行病发生初期,创伤应激症状(TSS)和孤独感就会较低,而在 2020 年初至 2021 年末,创伤应激症状和孤独感就会下降。在一所为少数族裔服务的公立大学就读的以少数族裔(77%为拉丁裔/o/x 或亚裔美国人)为主的年轻女性(N = 80;年龄 = 25 岁;88%为女性)在 2020 年 1 月完成了一项耐受性测量,并在 2020 年 4 月、2020 年 10 月和 2021 年 12 月完成了与大流行相关的创伤应激症状和孤独感测量:潜增长曲线分析表明,坚韧度与较低的初始孤独感以及随着时间的推移TSSs和孤独感的降低有关:与以往对其他潜在创伤性应激源的适应性研究一致,目前的研究结果表明,在全球卫生灾难期间,无论从最初的痛苦还是随着时间的推移痛苦的变化来看,心理坚韧性都可能起到至关重要的保护作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Examination of PTSD symptom networks over the course of cognitive processing therapy. 认知加工治疗过程中PTSD症状网络的检查。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001464
Robert C Graziano, Stefanie T LoSavio, Mark A White, Jean C Beckham, Kirsten H Dillon

Objectives: Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, little is known about how interrelationships between PTSD symptoms change over the course of treatment. The current study examined baseline, midtreatment, and posttreatment PTSD symptom networks during CPT for PTSD.

Method: Adults with PTSD (n = 107) received 12 sessions of CPT as part of a randomized trial. Self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed at pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment, and network analysis was used to examine the interrelationships between symptoms at these three timepoints. Linear regression was conducted to examine whether any baseline symptoms or midpoint symptoms predicted overall treatment change.

Results: In the baseline PTSD network, feelings of detachment and feeling upset at reminders of the trauma were central to the symptom network. These symptoms were no longer central at midtreatment, possibly suggesting that CPT quickly reduces the importance of these symptoms. These findings were consistent with regression results that, after accounting for multiple comparisons, high baseline scores of feeling upset at trauma reminders predicted later treatment change. At the conclusion of treatment, strong negative emotions were the most central symptom and may be most important in maintaining or lowering other PTSD symptoms at the conclusion of treatment.

Conclusions: Though replication is necessary, these findings offer insights into identifying which symptoms may be most predictive of treatment outcomes and the course by which CPT reduces PTSD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:认知加工疗法(CPT)是一种基于证据的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)心理治疗方法;然而,人们对创伤后应激障碍症状之间的相互关系如何在治疗过程中发生变化知之甚少。目前的研究检查了CPT治疗PTSD的基线、治疗中期和治疗后PTSD症状网络。方法:作为随机试验的一部分,患有PTSD的成年人(n=107)接受了12次CPT治疗。自我报告的PTSD症状在治疗前、治疗中和治疗后进行评估,并使用网络分析来检查这三个时间点症状之间的相互关系。进行线性回归以检查是否有任何基线症状或中点症状可以预测总体治疗变化。结果:在基线PTSD网络中,超然感和对创伤的提醒感到沮丧是症状网络的核心。这些症状在治疗中期不再是核心,这可能表明CPT很快降低了这些症状的重要性。这些发现与回归结果一致,即在考虑了多重比较后,对创伤提醒感到不安的高基线分数预测了以后的治疗变化。在治疗结束时,强烈的负面情绪是最核心的症状,在治疗结束后可能对维持或降低其他创伤后应激障碍症状最重要。结论:尽管复制是必要的,但这些发现为确定哪些症状可能最能预测治疗结果以及CPT减轻PTSD症状的过程提供了见解。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Heterogeneity in trajectories of traumatic distress at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 大流行开始时创伤性痛苦轨迹的异质性。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001478
Katie Aafjes-van Doorn, Vera Békés, Xiaochen Luo, Isabelle Christman-Cohen, Tracy A Prout

Objective: The COVID-19 outbreak has led to an increase in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs; Prout et al., 2020) for some individuals, whereas others appeared to be more resilient. It remains relatively unclear what characterizes these potentially different response trajectories ( Chen & Bonanno, 2020). This study sought to (a) assess individuals' PTSS levels at the start of the pandemic and at two subsequent timepoints 3 and 6 months later, (b) identify different trajectories of PTSSs over time, and (c) describe which individual characteristics influenced the likelihood of each of these different trajectories to occur.

Method: A community sample (n = 317) responded to an online survey during the first weeks of the pandemic, 3 and 6 months later.

Results: Among those who reported acute levels of PTSSs, latent class growth analyses identified three different resilience trajectories-resilient (low baseline PTSSs and a slight decrease over time), chronic (severe PTSSs at baseline and no change over time), and recovered (severe PTSSs at baseline but a sharp improvement over time). Baseline childhood adversity, depression, anxiety, defensive functioning, and somatization predicted trajectories. Demographics (age, gender, preexisting chronic illness) and COVID-related factors (knowing someone diagnosed with or who died of COVID-19) were unrelated to trajectories.

Conclusions: Results suggest that although high PTSS levels decreased over time on average, heterogenous change trajectories can be identified based on baseline psychological characteristics. This implies that mental health, including past and present experiences, as well as adaptational mechanisms may shape individuals' experiences with pandemic-related ongoing stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:COVID-19 的爆发导致一些人的创伤后应激症状(PTSSs;Prout 等人,2020 年)增加,而另一些人似乎更具复原力。目前仍不清楚这些潜在的不同反应轨迹的特征是什么(Chen & Bonanno,2020)。本研究旨在:(a)评估个人在大流行开始时以及 3 个月和 6 个月后两个时间点的 PTSS 水平;(b)确定 PTSS 随时间变化的不同轨迹;以及(c)描述哪些个人特征会影响这些不同轨迹发生的可能性:方法:社区样本(n = 317)在大流行的头几周、3 个月和 6 个月后对在线调查做出了回复:在报告了急性 PTSS 水平的人群中,通过潜类增长分析发现了三种不同的复原力轨迹--复原型(基线 PTSS 水平较低,随着时间的推移略有下降)、慢性型(基线 PTSS 水平较高,随着时间的推移没有变化)和恢复型(基线 PTSS 水平较高,随着时间的推移急剧上升)。基线童年逆境、抑郁、焦虑、防御功能和躯体化预测了这些症状的发展轨迹。人口统计学因素(年龄、性别、既往慢性病)和 COVID 相关因素(知道某人被诊断患有或死于 COVID-19)与轨迹无关:研究结果表明,虽然 PTSS 的高水平随着时间的推移平均有所下降,但根据基线心理特征可以识别出不同的变化轨迹。这意味着心理健康(包括过去和现在的经历)以及适应机制可能会影响个人对与大流行病相关的持续压力的体验。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Pathways towards posttraumatic stress symptomatology: A moderated mediation model including perceived stress, worry, and defense mechanisms. 创伤后应激症状的形成途径:包括感知压力、担忧和防御机制在内的调节中介模型。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001435
Alessio Gori, Eleonora Topino, Alessandro Musetti

Objective: The general aim of this study was to examine the psychological variables associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, focusing on perceived stress, worry, as well as mature, neurotic, and immature defenses. Therefore, the differences in the study variables based on the levels of posttraumatic stress were explored, and a moderated mediation model was tested, controlling for gender and SARS-CoV-2 infection as covariates.

Method: A sample of 1,864 Italian participants completed the Impact of event scale-revised (IES-R), the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the 40-Item Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40).

Results: 41% (n = 764) of participants showed scores indicative of a probable presence of PTSD. They reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress, worry, neurotic and immature defenses than participants with lower PTSD symptomatology. Perceived stress was significantly associated with PTSD symptomatology, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of worry. Furthermore, neurotic and immature defenses were significant moderators in some relationships of this model.

Conclusions: Such data can provide useful indications to elaborate tailored interventions and specific prevention activities for PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

研究目的本研究的总体目标是研究与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状相关的心理变量,重点是感知到的压力、担忧以及成熟、神经质和不成熟的防御。因此,研究人员根据创伤后应激水平探讨了研究变量的差异,并在控制性别和 SARS-CoV-2 感染作为协变量的情况下,对调节中介模型进行了检验:方法:1864 名意大利参与者完成了事件影响量表修订版(IES-R)、10 项知觉压力量表(PSS-10)、宾州忧虑问卷(PSWQ)和 40 项防御风格问卷(DSQ-40):41%的参与者(n = 764)的得分表明他们可能患有创伤后应激障碍。与创伤后应激障碍症状较轻的参与者相比,他们报告的感知压力、担忧、神经质和不成熟防御的水平明显更高。感知到的压力与创伤后应激障碍症状有明显关联,既有直接关联,也有通过担忧的中介作用间接关联。此外,神经质和不成熟的防御在该模型的某些关系中起着重要的调节作用:这些数据可为制定针对创伤后应激障碍的干预措施和具体预防活动提供有用的指示。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Interplay among attention, appraisal, and memory bias in provisional posttraumatic stress disorder: Exploring the combined cognitive biases hypothesis. 临时性创伤后应激障碍中注意力、评价和记忆偏差之间的相互作用:探索综合认知偏差假说。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001657
Ziyi Zhao, Chunxiao Zhao, Lizu Lai, Congrong Shi, Xu Li, Shan Lu, Siyuan Guo, Zhihong Ren

Objective: Both theoretical and empirical studies suggest that negative cognitive biases significantly influence the onset and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, the interplay among these cognitive biases and their conjoint contribution to the long-term trajectory of posttraumatic stress symptoms remains underexplored. This study delves into the interplay among attention, appraisal, and memory biases within a provisional PTSD population and evaluates the predictive effects of two integrative models (weakest link, additive approach) on posttraumatic stress symptoms reported 2 months later.

Method: Sixty Chinese participants (Mage = 20.17, SDage = 2.11) with provisional PTSD undertook the scrambled sentences test (appraisal bias) with their eye movements recorded (attention bias) and then the free recall task (memory bias). Posttraumatic stress symptom was assessed at baseline and 2-month follow-up.

Results: Selective attention bias toward negative words was positively associated with the negative appraisal of scrambled sentences, which subsequently showed a strong association with negative memory bias. Regarding the progression of posttraumatic stress symptoms, the additive approach was found to be a more reliable predictor of self-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms at 2 months than the weak link approach.

Conclusions: This study provides initial evidence supporting the combined cognitive biases hypothesis in provisional PTSD. It also underscores potential avenues to enhance cognitive bias modification techniques. Replication of these findings in broader clinical samples is essential. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:理论研究和实证研究都表明,负面认知偏差会对创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状的发生和持续产生重大影响。然而,这些认知偏差之间的相互作用及其对创伤后应激障碍症状长期轨迹的共同作用仍未得到充分探索。本研究深入探讨了创伤后应激障碍临时人群中注意力、评价和记忆偏差之间的相互作用,并评估了两个综合模型(最弱联系模型、加法模型)对两个月后报告的创伤后应激症状的预测效果:方法:60 名患有创伤后应激障碍的中国参与者(平均年龄为 20.17 岁,平均年龄为 2.11 岁)进行了乱码句子测试(评价偏差),并记录了他们的眼球运动(注意偏差),然后进行了自由回忆任务(记忆偏差)。在基线和两个月的随访中对创伤后应激症状进行了评估:结果:对负面词语的选择性注意偏差与对乱码句子的负面评价呈正相关,而负面评价随后又与负面记忆偏差密切相关。关于创伤后应激症状的发展,与弱联系法相比,加法法对2个月后自我报告的创伤后应激症状的预测更为可靠:本研究为临时性创伤后应激障碍的综合认知偏差假说提供了初步证据。结论:本研究为创伤后应激障碍的综合认知偏差假说提供了初步证据,同时也强调了加强认知偏差修正技术的潜在途径。在更广泛的临床样本中复制这些发现至关重要。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Interplay among attention, appraisal, and memory bias in provisional posttraumatic stress disorder: Exploring the combined cognitive biases hypothesis.","authors":"Ziyi Zhao, Chunxiao Zhao, Lizu Lai, Congrong Shi, Xu Li, Shan Lu, Siyuan Guo, Zhihong Ren","doi":"10.1037/tra0001657","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Both theoretical and empirical studies suggest that negative cognitive biases significantly influence the onset and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, the interplay among these cognitive biases and their conjoint contribution to the long-term trajectory of posttraumatic stress symptoms remains underexplored. This study delves into the interplay among attention, appraisal, and memory biases within a provisional PTSD population and evaluates the predictive effects of two integrative models (weakest link, additive approach) on posttraumatic stress symptoms reported 2 months later.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty Chinese participants (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 20.17, <i>SD</i><sub>age</sub> = 2.11) with provisional PTSD undertook the scrambled sentences test (appraisal bias) with their eye movements recorded (attention bias) and then the free recall task (memory bias). Posttraumatic stress symptom was assessed at baseline and 2-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Selective attention bias toward negative words was positively associated with the negative appraisal of scrambled sentences, which subsequently showed a strong association with negative memory bias. Regarding the progression of posttraumatic stress symptoms, the additive approach was found to be a more reliable predictor of self-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms at 2 months than the weak link approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides initial evidence supporting the combined cognitive biases hypothesis in provisional PTSD. It also underscores potential avenues to enhance cognitive bias modification techniques. Replication of these findings in broader clinical samples is essential. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms, marital satisfaction, and parenting behaviors in adults following typhoon Lekima. 台风 "勒基玛 "过后,成年人在创伤后应激症状、婚姻满意度和养育行为方面的性别差异。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001563
Jia-Li Huang, Yafit Levin, Rahel Bachem, Xiao Zhou

Objective: Belsky's parenting model provides insight into the relationship between parental psychological status and parenting behaviors. However, little is known about the unique associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with specific parenting behaviors. This study aimed to assess the associations of PTSD symptoms and three types of parenting behaviors (rejection, emotional warmth, and overprotection) with marital satisfaction, and to examine gender differences in these associations.

Method: Self-report questionnaires were used to survey 4,570 parents 3 months after Typhoon Lekima in China.

Results: The results showed that intrusion and avoidance symptoms had positively indirect associations with emotional warmth and negatively indirect associations with rejection and overprotection via marital satisfaction. However, negative cognitive and emotional alterations (NCEA) and hyperarousal symptoms had opposite relationships with three types of parenting behavior. A gender-moderated mediation relationship was found in the associations of PTSD symptoms and parenting behaviors via marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationships between four PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior in mothers, whereas in fathers, marital satisfaction mediated only the relationships of NCEA and hyperarousal symptoms with three types of parenting behavior.

Conclusions: Marital satisfaction mediated the associations between four distinct PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior, and a gender difference was found to be in these indirect relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的贝尔斯基的养育模式提供了父母心理状态与养育行为之间关系的洞察力。然而,人们对创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状与特定养育行为之间的独特关联知之甚少。本研究旨在评估创伤后应激障碍症状和三种养育行为(拒绝、情感温暖和过度保护)与婚姻满意度之间的关联,并研究这些关联中的性别差异:方法:在台风 "莱基玛 "过后 3 个月,对中国的 4570 名父母进行了自我报告问卷调查:结果表明,入侵和回避症状与情感温暖有正向间接关系,而通过婚姻满意度与拒绝和过度保护有负向间接关系。然而,负性认知和情绪改变(NCEA)和过度焦虑症状与三种类型的养育行为有着相反的关系。在创伤后应激障碍症状与通过婚姻满意度进行的养育行为的关联中,发现了一种性别中介关系。在母亲的四种创伤后应激障碍症状群与三种养育行为之间的关系中,婚姻满意度起到了中介作用,而在父亲的三种养育行为中,婚姻满意度只中介了NCEA和过度焦虑症状之间的关系:结论:婚姻满意度介导了四种不同的创伤后应激障碍症状群与三种养育行为之间的关系,并且在这些间接关系中发现了性别差异。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Gender differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms, marital satisfaction, and parenting behaviors in adults following typhoon Lekima.","authors":"Jia-Li Huang, Yafit Levin, Rahel Bachem, Xiao Zhou","doi":"10.1037/tra0001563","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Belsky's parenting model provides insight into the relationship between parental psychological status and parenting behaviors. However, little is known about the unique associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with specific parenting behaviors. This study aimed to assess the associations of PTSD symptoms and three types of parenting behaviors (rejection, emotional warmth, and overprotection) with marital satisfaction, and to examine gender differences in these associations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Self-report questionnaires were used to survey 4,570 parents 3 months after Typhoon Lekima in China.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that intrusion and avoidance symptoms had positively indirect associations with emotional warmth and negatively indirect associations with rejection and overprotection via marital satisfaction. However, negative cognitive and emotional alterations (NCEA) and hyperarousal symptoms had opposite relationships with three types of parenting behavior. A gender-moderated mediation relationship was found in the associations of PTSD symptoms and parenting behaviors via marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationships between four PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior in mothers, whereas in fathers, marital satisfaction mediated only the relationships of NCEA and hyperarousal symptoms with three types of parenting behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Marital satisfaction mediated the associations between four distinct PTSD symptom clusters and three types of parenting behavior, and a gender difference was found to be in these indirect relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"The light after the storm": Psychosocial correlates of adversarial growth among nurses in Hong Kong amid the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. "暴风雨后的曙光COVID-19第五波大流行中香港护士逆境成长的心理社会相关因素。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001535
Nelson C Y Yeung, Jeremy L T Tang, Kam Hei Hui, Stephanie T Y Lau, Annie W L Cheung, Eliza L Y Wong

Objective: Healthcare professionals are highly susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes amid the COVID-19 pandemic due to their job duties. As the largest part of the healthcare workforce, growing attention has been paid to nurses' adjustments to the pandemic. Despite the distress, recent studies found that nurses could still experience positive changes (i.e., adversarial growth, AG) during the pandemic. Research on the general populations has indicated that individuals' stress responses, coping resources, and coping strategies are associated with their AG during the pandemic. This study examined how sociodemographic characteristics, secondary traumatic and posttraumatic stress, coping resources, and coping strategies were associated with AG among nurses in Hong Kong amid the fifth wave (i.e., the most disastrous wave) of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: Recruited through local nursing associations between May 24 and June 13, 2022, 209 nurses in Hong Kong completed an online questionnaire measuring the abovementioned variables.

Results: Hierarchical regression results found that those affiliating with a religion, having participated in mental health-related workshops, higher levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS), social support, job satisfaction, plus more frequent emotional processing were associated with higher AG (βs ranging from 0.15 to 0.31, ps < .01).

Conclusions: Nurses did report AG during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. To promote AG among those nurses, future interventions should enhance nurses' understanding about the potential impact of STS on their well-being, solicit their interpersonal and work-related coping resources, plus facilitate their use of effective coping strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:在 COVID-19 大流行期间,医护人员因其工作职责而极易受到不良心理影响。作为医护人员中最大的一部分,人们越来越关注护士对大流行病的适应情况。最近的研究发现,尽管护士们感到痛苦,但他们在大流行病期间仍能经历积极的变化(即逆境成长、AG)。对普通人群的研究表明,个人的压力反应、应对资源和应对策略与大流行期间的 AG 相关。本研究探讨了在 COVID-19 大流行的第五波(即最灾难性的一波)中,香港护士的社会人口特征、二次创伤和创伤后压力、应对资源和应对策略与 AG 的关系:方法:2022 年 5 月 24 日至 6 月 13 日期间,通过本地护理协会招募了 209 名香港护士,他们填写了一份在线问卷,测量了上述变量:分层回归结果发现,有宗教信仰、参加过心理健康相关工作坊、二次创伤压力(STS)水平较高、社会支持、工作满意度以及情绪处理频率较高的护士与较高的AG相关(β值介于0.15至0.31之间,PS < .01):结论:在 COVID-19 在香港的第五次流行期间,护士确实报告了 AG。为促进这些护士的AG,未来的干预措施应加强护士对STS对其福祉的潜在影响的了解,寻求其人际关系和工作相关的应对资源,并促进其使用有效的应对策略。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"\"The light after the storm\": Psychosocial correlates of adversarial growth among nurses in Hong Kong amid the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Nelson C Y Yeung, Jeremy L T Tang, Kam Hei Hui, Stephanie T Y Lau, Annie W L Cheung, Eliza L Y Wong","doi":"10.1037/tra0001535","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Healthcare professionals are highly susceptible to adverse psychological outcomes amid the COVID-19 pandemic due to their job duties. As the largest part of the healthcare workforce, growing attention has been paid to nurses' adjustments to the pandemic. Despite the distress, recent studies found that nurses could still experience positive changes (i.e., adversarial growth, AG) during the pandemic. Research on the general populations has indicated that individuals' stress responses, coping resources, and coping strategies are associated with their AG during the pandemic. This study examined how sociodemographic characteristics, secondary traumatic and posttraumatic stress, coping resources, and coping strategies were associated with AG among nurses in Hong Kong amid the fifth wave (i.e., the most disastrous wave) of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Recruited through local nursing associations between May 24 and June 13, 2022, 209 nurses in Hong Kong completed an online questionnaire measuring the abovementioned variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hierarchical regression results found that those affiliating with a religion, having participated in mental health-related workshops, higher levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS), social support, job satisfaction, plus more frequent emotional processing were associated with higher AG (βs ranging from 0.15 to 0.31, <i>p</i>s < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurses did report AG during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. To promote AG among those nurses, future interventions should enhance nurses' understanding about the potential impact of STS on their well-being, solicit their interpersonal and work-related coping resources, plus facilitate their use of effective coping strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10042308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents after tornado: Cross-lagged panel network analysis. 龙卷风后中国青少年的创伤后应激症状和创伤后成长:跨滞后面板网络分析
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001531
Tong Xie, Jingyuan Huang, Xiaoyan Liu, Wei Xu

Background: Existing literature has yielded mixed results regarding the relationships between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The recent network analysis provided opportunities to investigate the associations between PTSS and PTG on a more fine-grained level. Previous cross-sectional network analyses were unable to address the directionality of the temporal relationships between components of PTSS and PTG. Therefore, the current study aimed to model cross-lagged network of components of PTSS and PTG with longitudinal data to unveil the direction of their relationships.

Method: A sample of 202 adolescents (Mage = 14.36, 38% boys) who survived the Yancheng tornado were assessed with the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) at 9, 12, and 18 months following the tornado. Two cross-lagged panel networks were examined to model the temporal associations between components of PTSS and PTG.

Results: The T1-T2 Network was much denser than the T2-T3 Network. The majority of cross-cluster edges were directed from PTSS to PTG. Interestingly, two major components of PTSS, Avoidance and Intrusion shared vastly different relationships with PTG. While Intrusion positively predicted components of PTG, Avoidance exhibited negative predictive value on PTG.

Conclusions: The study highlighted the differential relationships that Intrusion and Avoidance shared with the PTG components, suggesting that interventions could benefit from mitigating avoidance and incorporating intrusion into positive change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

背景:关于创伤后应激症状(PTSS)和创伤后成长(PTG)之间的关系,现有文献的研究结果不一。最近的网络分析提供了在更精细的层面上研究创伤后应激症状与创伤后成长之间关系的机会。以前的横断面网络分析无法解决 PTSS 和 PTG 之间时间关系的方向性问题。因此,本研究旨在利用纵向数据建立PTSS和PTG成分的交叉滞后网络模型,以揭示其关系的方向:方法:以盐城龙卷风中幸存的 202 名青少年(年龄=14.36,男生占 38%)为样本,分别在龙卷风发生后的 9、12 和 18 个月使用儿童创伤后应激障碍症状量表(CPSS)和创伤后成长量表(PTGI)进行评估。对两个交叉滞后的面板网络进行了研究,以模拟创伤后应激障碍症状量表和创伤后成长量表之间的时间关联:结果:T1-T2 网络比 T2-T3 网络更密集。大多数交叉簇边缘都是从 PTSS 指向 PTG。有趣的是,PTSS 的两个主要成分--回避和入侵与 PTG 的关系大相径庭。入侵对 PTG 的成分具有正向预测作用,而回避对 PTG 则具有负向预测作用:该研究强调了 "入侵 "和 "回避 "与 "创伤后应激障碍 "组成部分之间的不同关系,表明干预措施可以从减轻回避和将 "入侵 "纳入积极改变中获益。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical correlates of irritability, anger, hostility, and aggression in posttraumatic stress disorder. 创伤后应激障碍患者易怒、愤怒、敌意和攻击性的临床相关性。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001498
Nalan Zhan, Lan Zhang, Mingliang Gong, Fulei Geng

Objective: Although irritability, anger, and aggression are diagnostic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), their clinical significance and associations with psychopathology remain unclear.

Method: In a sample of community adults with probable PTSD (n = 151), we measured irritability, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility with the Brief Irritability Test and the Brief Aggression Questionnaire. Participants' psychopathology, including depression, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychotic-like experiences, insomnia, as well as suicidal behaviors were also assessed.

Results: Correlation analysis showed that irritability and anger were modestly related to all PTSD dimensions; physical aggression was related to avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM), and hyperarousal; hostility was related to reexperiencing, NACM, and hyperarousal; while verbal aggression was not significantly related to any PTSD dimensions. After adjustment for trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, irritability was associated with almost all psychopathology and suicidal behaviors, however, anger, hostility, and aggression were sparsely related to some psychopathology or suicidal behaviors. Particularly, anger was only related to ADHD and insomnia. Latent profile analysis based on PTSD, irritability, anger, hostility, and aggression indicated two discrete subgroups: the high severity group (33.8%) and the low severity group (66.2%), with high severity group reporting higher rates of comorbidity and suicidal behaviors.

Conclusions: The findings support irritability, aggression, anger, and hostility as separate constructs; moreover, irritability, anger, and aggression should be independently measured in PTSD. Our findings also suggest the significance of irritability as a separate hallmark of PTSD and the need to incorporate PTSD dimensions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的尽管易怒、愤怒和攻击性是创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的诊断症状,但它们的临床意义以及与精神病理学的关系仍不清楚:我们以可能患有创伤后应激障碍的社区成年人为样本(n = 151),通过简易易怒测试和简易攻击性问卷测量了易怒、肢体攻击性、言语攻击性、愤怒和敌意。我们还评估了参与者的精神病理学,包括抑郁、注意力缺陷和多动症(ADHD)、精神病样体验、失眠以及自杀行为:相关性分析表明,易怒和愤怒与创伤后应激障碍的所有方面都有一定关系;肢体攻击与回避、认知和情绪的负面改变(NACM)和过度焦虑有关;敌意与再体验、NACM和过度焦虑有关;而言语攻击与创伤后应激障碍的任何方面都没有显著关系。在对创伤暴露和创伤后应激障碍症状进行调整后,易怒几乎与所有的精神病理学和自杀行为相关,然而,愤怒、敌意和攻击性则与某些精神病理学或自杀行为关系不大。尤其是,愤怒只与多动症和失眠有关。基于创伤后应激障碍、易激惹、愤怒、敌意和攻击性的潜在特征分析显示出两个不同的亚组:严重程度高的组别(33.8%)和严重程度低的组别(66.2%),其中严重程度高的组别报告的合并症和自杀行为发生率较高:研究结果支持将易怒、攻击性、愤怒和敌意作为独立的概念;此外,应独立测量创伤后应激障碍患者的易怒、愤怒和攻击性。我们的研究结果还表明,易怒是创伤后应激障碍的一个独立特征,具有重要意义,而且有必要纳入创伤后应激障碍的维度。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Valenced dual tasking in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. 创伤后应激障碍患者的有价值双重任务。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001470
Tom IJdema, Odilia M Laceulle, Kathleen Thomaes, Kees Korrelboom

Objective: Dual-tasking studies show that emotionality and vividness of aversive memory decrease by engaging in a working memory task and simultaneous recall of that memory. Adding positive valence to a dual task might be a promising innovation in the amelioration of lab-induced memory. However, studies aiming to translate these findings into autobiographical memory of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) population find conflicting results or show methodological flaws. The current study assesses the benefit of adding positive valence to a dual-tasking procedure in PTSD patients.

Method: In a cross-over design PTSD patients (N = 33) recalled their traumatic memory and received the following three conditions in randomized order: rating positive pictures + exposure, rating neutral pictures + exposure, and exposure only. Each of the three conditions consisted of four sets of 1 min. In the first cycle, participants were exposed to each condition in a randomized order, which was then repeated in a second cycle. Before and after each condition, emotionality and vividness were rated on a visual analog scale (VAS), resulting in seven measurement timepoints in total.

Results: Firstly, repeated measures ANOVAs showed a time effect: memories were less emotional and vivid after our summed (three) interventions. Secondly, repeated measures ANCOVAs indicated no evidence for differences between the conditions.

Conclusions: We did not find evidence for a benefit of adding positive valence to a dual-task procedure in PTSD patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

研究目的双重任务研究表明,通过参与工作记忆任务和同时回忆该记忆,会降低厌恶记忆的情绪性和生动性。在双重任务中加入积极情绪可能是改善实验室诱发记忆的一种有前途的创新。然而,旨在将这些发现转化为创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)人群自传体记忆的研究却发现了相互矛盾的结果或方法上的缺陷。本研究评估了在创伤后应激障碍患者的双重任务程序中加入积极情绪的益处:在交叉设计中,创伤后应激障碍患者(N = 33)回忆起他们的创伤记忆,并按随机顺序接受以下三种条件:评定积极图片+暴露、评定中性图片+暴露和仅暴露。这三个条件中的每个条件都包含四组,每组 1 分钟。在第一个循环中,受试者按随机顺序接触每个条件,然后在第二个循环中重复接触。在每个条件之前和之后,用视觉模拟量表(VAS)对情绪和生动性进行评分,总共有七个测量时间点:结果:首先,重复测量方差分析显示出时间效应:在我们的总和(三次)干预后,记忆的情感性和生动性都有所降低。其次,重复测量方差分析显示,没有证据表明不同条件之间存在差异:结论:我们没有发现在创伤后应激障碍患者的双任务程序中添加积极情绪有益的证据。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
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Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy
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