Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献_第8页

A latent profile analysis of psychosocial factors and trauma exposure in U.K. students and their association with mental health and academic persistence. 对英国学生的社会心理因素和心理创伤暴露及其与心理健康和学业持久性的关系进行潜在特征分析。

IF 2.7 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001788

Sarah F Allen, Stacie Thursby, Laura Elkwood, Nikki L Carthy

Objective: The prevalence of previous trauma exposure among university students is widespread. Trauma can have a serious impact on students' mental health, university experience, and academic persistence. This is the first study to use latent profile analysis to assess how differing levels of psychosocial variables combine with trauma exposure to draw together psychological profiles among university students.

Method: A total of 452 U.K. students completed a battery of questionnaires from a cross-sectional survey examining the number of traumatic events and psychosocial factors (loneliness, social support, self-efficacy, coping strategies, personality, and resilience) to determine mental health and academic persistence.

Results: A latent profiling analysis obtained a five-profile solution, demonstrating a unique combination of psychosocial factors and trauma exposure: distressed (11.2%), thriving (31.4%), vulnerable (19.5%), flourishing (3.5%), and diffident (34.4%). Analyses of variance were used to compare scores on the anxiety and depression measures and academic persistence measures between the participants within each profile. Significant differences among profiles were present with the distressed profile being more at risk for mental health and academic issues and the flourishing profile demonstrating high levels of trauma exposure and a positive academic experience.

Conclusions: Given that there is a large proportion of students in higher education reporting previous traumatic experiences, trauma-informed principles are warranted, with a focus on supporting staff to understand the impact of trauma on students' experiences, in an inclusive and nonjudgmental way. This study provides a model of the factors involved in fostering psychological well-being and positive university experiences for students who have experienced trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的：在大学生中，曾经遭受过心理创伤的现象十分普遍。心理创伤会严重影响学生的心理健康、大学生活和学业坚持。这是第一项使用潜在特征分析来评估不同水平的社会心理变量如何与创伤暴露相结合，从而得出大学生心理特征的研究：共有 452 名英国学生完成了一系列横断面调查问卷，调查内容包括创伤事件的数量和社会心理因素（孤独感、社会支持、自我效能感、应对策略、个性和复原力），以确定心理健康和学业坚持情况：潜在特征分析得出了五种类型的解决方案，显示了心理社会因素和创伤暴露的独特组合：苦恼（11.2%）、茁壮成长（31.4%）、脆弱（19.5%）、蓬勃发展（3.5%）和漫不经心（34.4%）。方差分析用于比较每个特征中参与者的焦虑和抑郁测量得分以及学业持久性测量得分。结果表明，不同类型的参与者之间存在显著差异，苦恼型的参与者更容易出现心理健康和学业问题，而蓬勃型的参与者则表现出较高的创伤暴露水平和积极的学业经历：鉴于高等教育中有很大比例的学生报告了以前的创伤经历，因此有必要制定创伤知情原则，重点是支持教职员工以包容和非评判的方式了解创伤对学生经历的影响。本研究提供了一个模型，说明了促进经历过心理创伤的学生心理健康和积极的大学体验的相关因素。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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引用次数: 0

What does trauma-informed care mean to people admitted to a forensic mental health and intellectual disability service? A reflexive thematic analysis. 创伤知情护理对接受法医精神健康和智障服务的人意味着什么？反思性专题分析。

IF 2.7 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001777

Eavan McKenzie, Alethea Charlton

Objective: Driven by research demonstrating the pervasiveness of trauma, forensic mental health (FMH) and intellectual disability services are increasingly adopting a trauma-informed approach to caring for patients. However, there has been limited attention to exploring what trauma-informed care (TIC) means to patients in these settings and what practices enable or restrict them in adapting positively after experiences of trauma. This study aimed to understand how TIC is conceptualized by people admitted to an FMH and intellectual disability service.

Method: Focus groups were facilitated with 10 people residing in three low-secure units in the South East of the United Kingdom. Focus groups explored participants' perceptions and experiences of TIC with reference to the guiding principles of safety, trustworthiness, choice, collaboration, and empowerment. Audio recordings of the focus groups were transcribed and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Three themes were generated to capture participants' perceptions that a trauma-informed approach in an FMH and intellectual disability service should entail promoting a sense of safety, fostering a sense of belonging, and encouraging the development of an autonomous identity.

Conclusions: The findings indicate that prioritizing social-interpersonal relationships is crucial to providing care that enables people admitted to FMH and intellectual disability services to adapt positively after experiences of trauma. The findings support previous research regarding recovery in secure services, indicating the value of creating sufficiently safe conditions for people to connect with others and develop a positive and independent sense of self. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的：研究表明，心理创伤无处不在，在此推动下，法医心理健康（FMH）和智障服务机构越来越多地采用心理创伤知情护理的方法来照顾病人。然而，人们很少关注在这些环境中探索创伤知情护理（TIC）对患者的意义，以及哪些做法能够或限制患者在经历创伤后积极适应。本研究旨在了解入住家庭病院和智障服务机构的患者是如何看待创伤知情护理的：在英国东南部三个低安全级别病房中居住的 10 人参加了焦点小组。焦点小组参照安全、可信、选择、协作和赋权等指导原则，探讨了参与者对 TIC 的看法和体验。采用反思性主题分析法对焦点小组的录音进行了转录和分析：结果：产生了三个主题来反映参与者的观点，即在家庭病院和智障人士服务中，创伤知情方法应包括促进安全感、培养归属感和鼓励自主身份的发展：研究结果表明，优先考虑社会-人际关系对于提供护理至关重要，这种护理可使接受家庭医疗和智障服务的人在经历创伤后能够积极适应。研究结果支持了之前有关安全服务机构中康复情况的研究，表明为患者创造足够安全的条件，让他们与他人建立联系，培养积极、独立的自我意识，是非常有价值的。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。

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引用次数: 0

The latent transition of posttraumatic stress disorder and growth among adolescents surviving Jiuzhaigou earthquake. 九寨沟地震幸存青少年创伤后应激障碍的潜伏转变与成长。

IF 6.3 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001789

Jun Qi,Xinyue Zhang,Xiao Zhou

OBJECTIVEKnowledge of longitudinal changes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) may help survivors recover better. Yet, researchers dispute the population-based typologies of PTSD and PTG as well as the temporal transition between these subpopulations across time, especially among adolescents. Thus, the transition pattern still needs further research. Besides, parent-child factors (parenting styles, parent-child cohesion, and parental attachment styles) may influence the transition, but it keeps unclear. In the study, we aimed to solve these questions.METHODA three-wave investigation was conducted among 620 adolescents, 12 months, 21 months, and 27 months, after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake by using self-report measures on PTSD, PTG, and parent-child factors at the three time points. Finally, 339 of them finished the three-wave investigation.RESULTSLatent profile analysis models showed that three heterogeneous classes of PTSD and PTG existed across time: low-affected (low-level PTSD and PTG), thriving (low-level PTSD but high-level PTG), and struggling (high-level PTSD and PTG) groups. Random intercept latent transition analysis model suggested that samples mainly stayed in the original classes across time, with three main transitional paths: from struggling group to thriving group, from thriving group to low-affected group, and from low-affected group to struggling group. Besides, the study also found that parental rejection, overprotection, and anxious attachment were the possible factors that kept the stability of the struggling group. Parent-child cohesion increased the stability of the thriving group across time. Anxious attachment may worsen PTSD among adolescents and lower the stability of low-affected groups across time.CONCLUSIONSCoexisting and transitional patterns exist in PTSD and PTG across time. Wrong parenting styles and insecure attachments can exacerbate PTSD symptoms and diminish adolescents' resilience, but parent-child cohesion can facilitate their growth after trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的了解创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和创伤后成长（PTG）的纵向变化有助于幸存者更好地康复。然而，研究人员对创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和创伤后成长（PTG）的人群类型以及这些亚人群之间的时间过渡存在争议，尤其是在青少年中。因此，过渡模式仍需进一步研究。此外，亲子因素（养育方式、亲子凝聚力和父母依恋方式）也可能影响过渡，但目前尚不清楚。方法在九寨沟地震后的 12 个月、21 个月和 27 个月，我们对 620 名青少年进行了三波调查，在三个时间点对创伤后应激障碍、PTG 和亲子因素进行了自我报告。结果潜在特征分析模型显示，不同时间段的 PTSD 和 PTG 存在三个异质性类别：低受影响组（低水平 PTSD 和 PTG）、茁壮成长组（低水平 PTSD 但高水平 PTG）和挣扎组（高水平 PTSD 和 PTG）。随机截距潜转分析模型表明，样本在不同时期主要停留在原来的组别，主要有三种过渡路径：从挣扎组到茁壮组、从茁壮组到低受影响组、从低受影响组到挣扎组。此外，研究还发现，父母的排斥、过度保护和焦虑依恋是保持挣扎组稳定的可能因素。亲子凝聚力提高了茁壮成长组在不同时期的稳定性。焦虑依恋可能会加重青少年创伤后应激障碍，并降低低受影响群体在不同时期的稳定性。错误的养育方式和不安全的依恋关系会加重创伤后应激障碍症状并降低青少年的恢复能力，但亲子凝聚力可促进青少年在创伤后的成长。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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引用次数: 0

Resilience in the aftermath of trauma: Classes of adjustment in at-risk youth. 创伤后的恢复能力：高危青少年的适应能力。

IF 6.3 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001797

Patricia Correia-Santos,Bárbara Sousa,Julian D Ford,Ângela Costa Maia,Ricardo J Pinto

OBJECTIVEYouth who have been exposed to potentially traumatic events are at risk of developing chronic and severe adjustment problems. However, some youth exposed to potentially traumatic events exhibit better-than-expected adaptation. Person-centered analyses, based on multiple criteria for adaptive behavior and adversity, are well-suited to empirically identifying different patterns of adaptation among high-risk youth.METHODData from 381 youth from three at-risk subgroups in Portugal were collected using self-reported measures of trauma history, trauma-related symptomatology, coping skills, and perceived social support. Distinct classes of adaptation after traumatic experiences were examined with latent class analysis.RESULTSFour classes were identified: (a) trauma-related psychopathology class (13.6%), (b) adaptive resilience class (36.8%), (c) low resources class (11.4%), and (d) high resources class (38.2%). Trauma-related psychopathology class and low resources class were characterized by high levels of maladjustment. Similarly to the low resources class, the trauma-related psychopathology class reported a significantly higher likelihood of trauma-related psychopathology and higher levels of problem-solving skills. The adaptive resilience class and high resources class also reported lower levels of maladjustment, and the high resources class reported higher levels of coping skills and lower levels of externalizing problems than any other class.CONCLUSIONClinicians treating children's internalizing mental health or externalizing behavior problems should assess trauma history and trauma-related psychopathology, as well as protective resources that may enhance resilience such as skills for problem solving and social support seeking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的经历过潜在创伤事件的青少年有可能出现长期和严重的适应问题。然而，有些经历过潜在创伤事件的青少年会表现出比预期更好的适应能力。以人为本的分析方法基于适应行为和逆境的多重标准，非常适合从经验上识别高危青少年的不同适应模式。方法：通过对创伤史、创伤相关症状、应对技能和感知的社会支持进行自我报告，收集了来自葡萄牙三个高危亚群的 381 名青少年的数据。通过潜类分析研究了创伤经历后的不同适应类型：(结果确定了四个等级：（a）创伤相关精神病理学等级（13.6%），（b）适应复原力等级（36.8%），（c）低资源等级（11.4%）和（d）高资源等级（38.2%）。与创伤有关的精神病理学类和低资源类的特点是适应不良程度高。与低资源班类似，创伤相关精神病理学班也报告了明显较高的创伤相关精神病理学可能性和较高的解决问题技能水平。结论：临床医生在治疗儿童的内化心理健康或外化行为问题时，应评估创伤史和与创伤相关的精神病理学，以及可增强复原力的保护性资源，如解决问题和寻求社会支持的技能。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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引用次数: 0

How trauma is represented on social media: Analysis of #trauma content on TikTok. 社交媒体如何表现创伤：分析 TikTok 上的 #trauma 内容。

IF 6.3 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001792

Cliodhna O'Connor,Giulia Brown,Julienne Debono,Lauren Suty,Helene Joffe

OBJECTIVEThe ways that mental health concepts are represented on social media could have significant implications for lay understandings and behavior. The current article reports an analysis of how trauma is represented on TikTok, one of the world's most popular social media platforms.METHODFollowing a search for content using the hashtag #trauma, 143 videos were subjected to qualitative content analysis to characterize the profiles of their producers, intended function, and trauma-related content.RESULTSResults show that most videos were produced by young White people, who drew on their personal experience of trauma to generate confessional narratives or raise awareness of trauma. Trauma was most often attributed to childhood adversity or relationship difficulties. A diverse range of behaviors and experiences were positioned as evidence of trauma.CONCLUSIONSFindings are consistent with prior suggestions that trauma's boundaries are expanding in the form of "concept creep," but also draw attention to the role of humor and irony in social media invocations of the concept. Given the current near-ubiquity of social media consumption, particularly among young people, establishing the implications of exposure to this content should be a priority for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的心理健康概念在社交媒体上的表现方式可能会对普通人的理解和行为产生重大影响。本文分析了全球最受欢迎的社交媒体平台之一 TikTok 是如何表现心理创伤的。方法通过搜索使用 #trauma 标签的内容，对 143 个视频进行了定性内容分析，以确定其制作者的特征、预期功能以及与心理创伤相关的内容。创伤最常被归咎于童年逆境或人际关系困难。结论研究结果与之前的观点一致，即创伤的边界正在以 "概念蠕变 "的形式不断扩大，但同时也提请人们注意幽默和讽刺在社交媒体引用创伤概念时所扮演的角色。鉴于目前社交媒体消费几乎无处不在，尤其是在年轻人中，确定接触这些内容的影响应该是未来研究的一个重点。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。

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引用次数: 0

Emotion dysregulation and posttraumatic stress symptom severity: The influence of cortisol reactivity following idiographic emotion inductions. 情绪失调与创伤后应激症状的严重程度：特异性情绪诱导后皮质醇反应性的影响。

IF 6.3 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001786

Alexa M Raudales,Reina Kiefer,Noam G Newberger,Jewelia J Ferguson,Ateka A Contractor,Nicole H Weiss

OBJECTIVEEmotion dysregulation plays a central role in the etiology and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Individual differences in physiological responses to emotionally evocative events may influence the strength of this association. The objective of this study was to test whether cortisol reactivity following idiographic emotion induction tasks moderated the relation between emotion dysregulation and PTSS severity.METHODParticipants were 94 community women currently experiencing intimate partner violence and using substances (age: M = 40.5 years; 35.2% Black; 61.5% unemployed). PTSS severity was assessed at baseline via a clinician-administered diagnostic interview. Participants provided a self-report of emotion dysregulation at baseline. Samples of salivary cortisol were collected pre-, during, and postidiographic emotion inductions during an experimental session.RESULTSA significant emotion dysregulation by cortisol reactivity interaction was found (b = 0.18, p = .02). Emotion dysregulation was related to PTSS severity for those with high (b = 0.13, p < .001), but not low (b = -0.001, p = .99), levels of cortisol reactivity following idiographic emotion inductions.CONCLUSIONSFindings provide novel evidence of the interplay of emotion dysregulation and cortisol reactivity, an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system axis stress reactivity, following emotionally evocative stimuli in relation to PTSS severity. Information from this study may help to identify individuals who are at highest risk of more severe PTSS. Future work is needed to replicate findings among diverse populations impacted by trauma (e.g., veterans, men). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的情绪失调在创伤后应激症状（PTSS）的病因和维持中起着核心作用。对情绪唤起事件的生理反应的个体差异可能会影响这种关联的强度。本研究的目的是测试在完成特异性情绪诱导任务后皮质醇的反应性是否会调节情绪失调与 PTSS 严重程度之间的关系。方法参与者为 94 名目前正遭受亲密伴侣暴力并使用药物的社区女性（年龄：M = 40.5 岁；35.2% 为黑人；61.5% 为失业者）。PTSS 严重程度在基线时通过临床医生主持的诊断访谈进行评估。参与者在基线时提供了一份情绪失调的自我报告。结果发现，情绪失调与皮质醇反应性之间存在显著的交互作用（b = 0.18，p = .02）。结论研究结果提供了新的证据，证明情绪诱发刺激后，情绪失调和皮质醇反应性（下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺系统轴应激反应性的指标）的相互作用与 PTSS 的严重程度有关。这项研究提供的信息可能有助于确定哪些人最有可能患上更严重的创伤后应激障碍。未来的工作需要在受创伤影响的不同人群（如退伍军人、男性）中复制研究结果。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。

{"title":"Emotion dysregulation and posttraumatic stress symptom severity: The influence of cortisol reactivity following idiographic emotion inductions.","authors":"Alexa M Raudales,Reina Kiefer,Noam G Newberger,Jewelia J Ferguson,Ateka A Contractor,Nicole H Weiss","doi":"10.1037/tra0001786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001786","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEEmotion dysregulation plays a central role in the etiology and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Individual differences in physiological responses to emotionally evocative events may influence the strength of this association. The objective of this study was to test whether cortisol reactivity following idiographic emotion induction tasks moderated the relation between emotion dysregulation and PTSS severity.METHODParticipants were 94 community women currently experiencing intimate partner violence and using substances (age: M = 40.5 years; 35.2% Black; 61.5% unemployed). PTSS severity was assessed at baseline via a clinician-administered diagnostic interview. Participants provided a self-report of emotion dysregulation at baseline. Samples of salivary cortisol were collected pre-, during, and postidiographic emotion inductions during an experimental session.RESULTSA significant emotion dysregulation by cortisol reactivity interaction was found (b = 0.18, p = .02). Emotion dysregulation was related to PTSS severity for those with high (b = 0.13, p < .001), but not low (b = -0.001, p = .99), levels of cortisol reactivity following idiographic emotion inductions.CONCLUSIONSFindings provide novel evidence of the interplay of emotion dysregulation and cortisol reactivity, an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system axis stress reactivity, following emotionally evocative stimuli in relation to PTSS severity. Information from this study may help to identify individuals who are at highest risk of more severe PTSS. Future work is needed to replicate findings among diverse populations impacted by trauma (e.g., veterans, men). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of maternal postmigration living difficulties in intergenerational trauma transmission among asylum-seeker mother-child dyads: Exploring complex posttraumatic stress disorder as a mechanism. 母亲移民后的生活困难在寻求庇护者母子二人间的代际创伤传播中的作用：探索作为一种机制的复杂创伤后应激障碍。

IF 6.3 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001767

Rahel Bachem,Yafit Levin,Kim Yuval,Andreas Maercker,Zahava Solomon,Amit Bernstein

OBJECTIVEAmong forcibly displaced people, maternal trauma and stress have been implicated in poor child socioemotional outcomes via intergenerational trauma transmission. This study explored the role of maternal postmigration living difficulties (PMLD) in the pathway linking maternal trauma, trauma-related psychopathology, and child socioemotional outcomes among mother-child dyads seeking asylum in a high-risk urban setting.METHODParticipants were East African (Eritrean) mothers (N = 127) of preschool-aged children seeking asylum in Israel. Using moderated mediation analysis, we tested whether and how PMLD may moderate the mediating role of current maternal International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (ICD-11) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms between past maternal trauma exposure and current postdisplacement child internalizing and externalizing difficulties. Children's direct exposure to adverse life experiences was controlled for.RESULTSMaternal PTSD symptoms mediated the association between past maternal trauma exposure and child internalizing difficulties, but not externalizing difficulties, across all levels of current maternal PMLD. However, maternal DSO symptoms mediated internalizing and externalizing child outcomes, but only among mothers reporting high levels of current PMLD.CONCLUSIONThis study provides novel evidence that PMLD may amplify the toxicity of past maternal trauma exposure for poor child socioemotional outcomes via ICD-11 DSO symptoms. The intergenerational transmission pathway via the narrower fear-based ICD-11 PTSD, however, is independent of the degree of maternal PMLD. Findings suggest that policies designed to buffer intergenerational trauma transmission among forcibly displaced people may need to consider the toxicity of PMLD as well as enable mothers to heal from PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的在被迫流离失所的人群中，母亲的创伤和压力通过创伤的代际传递被认为与不良的儿童社会情感结果有关。本研究探讨了在高风险城市环境中寻求庇护的母子二人组中，母亲移民后生活困难（PMLD）在连接母亲创伤、创伤相关心理病理学和儿童社会情感结果的途径中的作用。通过调节中介分析法，我们检验了 PMLD 是否以及如何调节当前母亲的国际疾病分类第 11 版（ICD-11）创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和复杂创伤后应激障碍自我组织障碍（DSO）症状在过去的母亲创伤暴露与当前流离失所后儿童的内化和外化困难之间的中介作用。结果母亲创伤后应激障碍症状在过去的母亲创伤暴露与儿童内化困难之间起中介作用，但在目前母亲PMLD的所有水平上，母亲创伤后应激障碍症状在儿童外化困难之间不起中介作用。结论本研究提供了新的证据，证明 PMLD 可能会通过 ICD-11 DSO 症状放大过去母亲创伤暴露对不良儿童社会情感结果的毒性。然而，通过较窄的基于恐惧的 ICD-11 PTSD 的代际传播途径与母亲的 PMLD 程度无关。研究结果表明，旨在缓冲被迫流离失所者创伤代际传递的政策可能需要考虑 PMLD 的毒性，并使母亲能够从创伤后应激障碍中痊愈。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。

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引用次数: 0

Judges' attitudes and experiences related to a trauma-informed approach: An exploratory study. 法官对创伤知情方法的态度和经验：一项探索性研究。

IF 2.7 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001784

Eva McKinsey, Amelia Thorn, Minjee Kristin Kim, Kaitlyn Hanson, Raza Lamb, Nina A Brockelman, Samuel K Lawrence, Sidharth Ravi

Objective: Understanding judges' views is crucial to the successful adoption of a trauma-informed (TI) approach in the U.S. court system, yet little is known on this topic. We explored judges' attitudes of and experiences with TI practice to help fill this gap.

Method: We surveyed 91 North Carolina district court judges, assessing their attitudes related to TI practice, use of trauma-informed practices (TIPs), previous trauma education, and support for different justice goals. We conducted independent-samples t tests and Poisson regression analyses to compare attitudes, use of TIPs, and education experiences between judges working in juvenile justice and those not in juvenile justice; descriptive statistics to examine rates of engagement with different TIPs; and bivariate correlation analyses to assess associations between TI practice outcomes and justice goals.

Results: Analyses revealed more favorable attitudes toward a TI approach and greater engagement with trauma education among judges working in juvenile versus adult courts; TIPs with the lowest levels of engagement related to policies and procedures; and strong positive correlations between favorable TI practice attitudes and support for rehabilitation and restoration.

Conclusion: Findings highlight areas for growth in the movement to create more TI courts, such as strengthening support for TI practice in the adult criminal system and implementing TIPs related to policies, procedures, and outcomes, not just communication. Findings also support the connection between a TI approach and less punitive justice practices, signaling the potential role that TI judicial practice can play in shifting our legal system toward more transformative forms of justice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的：了解法官的观点对于美国法院系统成功采用创伤知情（TI）方法至关重要，但人们对这一主题知之甚少。我们探讨了法官对 TI 实践的态度和经验，以帮助填补这一空白：我们对 91 名北卡罗来纳州地区法院法官进行了调查，评估了他们对创伤知情实践 (TI) 的态度、创伤知情实践 (TIP) 的使用、以前接受的创伤教育以及对不同司法目标的支持。我们进行了独立样本 t 检验和泊松回归分析，以比较从事少年司法工作的法官和非从事少年司法工作的法官的态度、TIPs 使用情况和教育经历；进行了描述性统计，以检查参与不同 TIPs 的比率；进行了双变量相关分析，以评估 TI 实践结果与司法目标之间的关联：分析表明，在少年法庭和成人法庭工作的法官对创伤教育方法的态度更为积极，对创伤教育的参与度更高；参与度最低的创伤教育方法与政策和程序有关；对创伤教育实践的积极态度与对康复和恢复的支持之间存在很强的正相关性：研究结果强调了在创建更多技术倡议法院的运动中需要发展的领域，例如加强对成人刑事系统中技术倡议实践的支持，以及实施与政策、程序和结果相关的技术倡议，而不仅仅是沟通。研究结果还支持技术倡议方法与惩罚性较弱的司法实践之间的联系，表明技术倡议司法实践在将我们的法律体系转向更具变革性的司法形式方面可以发挥潜在作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved）。

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引用次数: 0

Traumatic life events, everyday discrimination, and posttraumatic symptoms among sexual minority men. 性少数群体男性的创伤性生活事件、日常歧视和创伤后症状。

IF 2.7 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001769

Mike C Parent, Andrew S Arriaga, Jackie Yang, Melanie E Brewster

Objective: Experiences of everyday discrimination are linked with mental health issues for sexual minority individuals, including posttraumatic symptoms (PTS), yet it is unclear whether experiences of discrimination are linked with PTS after accounting for the influence of traumatic life events. This study sought to increase understanding of the link between everyday discrimination and PTS, among sexual minority men.

Method: A sample of 290 gay men living in the United States completed an online survey including measures of traumatic life events, everyday discrimination, and PTS.

Results: Logistic regressions supported a link between everyday discrimination and meeting the cutoff for PTS, after accounting for traumatic life events. Furthermore, everyday discrimination was linked with higher scores on all symptom clusters of PTS.

目的：日常歧视经历与性少数群体的心理健康问题有关，包括创伤后症状（PTS），但在考虑创伤性生活事件的影响后，歧视经历是否与创伤后症状有关尚不清楚。本研究旨在进一步了解性少数群体男性日常歧视与创伤后症状之间的联系：290名居住在美国的男同性恋者完成了一项在线调查，调查内容包括创伤性生活事件、日常歧视和创伤后应激障碍：结果：在考虑了创伤性生活事件后，逻辑回归支持日常歧视与达到创伤后应激障碍的临界值之间存在联系。此外，日常歧视还与 PTS 所有症状群的较高得分有关：结论：研究结果支持日常歧视与创伤后应激障碍之间存在联系，其程度超过了临床临界值。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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引用次数: 0

Screening for PTSD in police officers: Preliminary psychometric properties of the adapted primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5 [0-20]) screener. 警官创伤后应激障碍筛查：针对 DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5 [0-20])筛查器改编的初级保健创伤后应激障碍筛查的初步心理计量特性。

IF 2.7 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001741

Lucas D Baker, Michael L Dolezal, Jason T Goodson, Andrew J Smith

Objective: Police officers are at heightened risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to frequent exposure to traumatic stressors. Early identification of PTSD symptoms is crucial for timely intervention. However, stigma and low utilization of mental health services create barriers to accessing care, which can be improved through the use of accessible, brief, and efficient screening instruments. The Primary Care PTSD for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5; PC-PTSD-5) scale is a brief, five-item self-report questionnaire demonstrating good reliability and validity in the identification of probable PTSD among veterans and civilians but has not yet been examined in first responder populations.

Method: In this study, we assess the psychometric properties of an adapted version of the measure (PC-PTSD-5 [0-20]) in a sample of U.S. police officers (N = 394), focusing on reliability, structural validity, measurement invariance, and convergent and discriminant validity.

Results: Internal consistency of the PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] was good (α = .87), with uniform item-total correlations ranging from .78 to .83. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor structure (comparative fit index = 0.97, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.94, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.12 (90% CI [.08, .16]), standardized root-mean-square residual = 0.03) that was invariant between male and female officers, χ²(9, N = 394) = 2.72, p = .974, and across years of service, χ²(9, N = 394) = 9.02, p = .436, providing evidence of construct validity. The measure also demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity, showing varying degrees of correlational strength with 20 operational stressors, the strongest of which were with traumatic stressors (r = .52, p < .001).

Conclusions: These findings suggest the PC-PTSD-5 [0-20] may be a valuable tool for identifying PTSD symptoms in police officers, benefiting both clinical and research applications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的：由于经常面临创伤性压力源，警察罹患创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的风险很高。及早发现创伤后应激障碍症状对于及时干预至关重要。然而，心理健康服务的污名化和低利用率造成了获得护理的障碍，而使用方便、简短、高效的筛查工具则可以改善这一问题。创伤后应激障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5；PC-PTSD-5）初级护理创伤后应激障碍量表是一个简短的五项自我报告问卷，在退伍军人和平民中识别可能的创伤后应激障碍方面具有良好的可靠性和有效性，但尚未在第一响应者人群中进行过研究：在本研究中，我们在美国警官样本（N = 394）中评估了改编版量表（PC-PTSD-5 [0-20]）的心理测量特性，重点关注信度、结构效度、测量不变性、收敛效度和区分效度：结果：PC-PTSD-5[0-20]的内部一致性良好（α = .87），统一的项目-总相关系数在 0.78 至 0.83 之间。确认性因素分析支持单因素结构（比较拟合指数 = 0.97，Tucker-Lewis 指数 = 0.94，均方根近似误差 = 0.12 (90% CI [.08, .16])，标准化均方根残差 = 0.03）。χ²(9，N = 394) = 2.72，p = .974，并且在不同的任职年限之间，χ²(9，N = 394) = 9.02，p = .436，都是不变的。该量表还显示了收敛性和判别性有效性，与 20 种操作性压力源存在不同程度的相关性，其中与创伤性压力源的相关性最强（r = .52，p < .001）：这些研究结果表明，PC-PTSD-5[0-20]可能是识别警官创伤后应激障碍症状的重要工具，对临床和研究应用都有益处。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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