Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

Objective: This study examines trauma and resilience among individuals bereaved by natural disasters in China, integrating bereaved children's and practitioners' perspectives with macrodiscourses. It explores how social contexts shape trauma and resilience, offering a novel comparison of personal, professional, and broader narratives.

Method: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 adults who experienced childhood bereavement due to the Wenchuan earthquake and nine practitioners working with traumatized children. Additionally, 58 government documents and 129 newspaper articles were analyzed to capture macrolevel discourses on trauma and resilience.

Results: Discrepancies emerged between bereaved individuals and practitioners in understanding bereavement's impact. The bereaved emphasized the long-term effects on personal development and family dynamics, highlighting the social-ecological factors shaping resilience. In contrast, practitioners focused more on the immediate psychological consequences and were less attuned to the broader socioeconomic implications. Macrodiscourses, largely framed by government and media, tended to medicalize trauma and depict resilience as overcoming adversity, simplifying its complexity compared to the more nuanced perspectives of practitioners.

Conclusions: Trauma and resilience are shaped by the interplay of individual experiences and broader societal narratives. To improve postdisaster support, policies must consider the long-term socioeconomic impacts of bereavement and adopt a more holistic understanding of resilience, beyond psychological recovery, that is sensitive to cultural and social contexts in China. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Research on posttraumatic stress disorder and ethnic identity suggests that emotional avoidance mediates the relationship between ethnic identity and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. We were interested in examining whether these findings extend to racial trauma.

Method: Two hundred sixteen individuals of color were recruited via Prolific (M_age = 33.1 years; 51.3% male; 30.6% Asian, 32.9% African American, 36.6% Latinx). Participants completed measures of on ethnic identity, racial trauma, and emotional avoidance. Two distinct mediation models were analyzed to explore the mediating role of positive emotional avoidance (Model 1) and negative emotional avoidance (Model 2) in the relationship between ethnic identity and racial trauma.

Results: Model 1 revealed that ethnic-racial identity did predict positive emotional avoidance, and positive emotional avoidance did predict racial trauma symptoms; additionally positive emotional avoidance partially mediated the relationship between ethnic-racial identity and racial trauma. In Model 2, negative emotional avoidance and ethnic-racial identity predicted racial trauma; however, negative emotional avoidance did not mediate the relationship between ethnic-racial identity and racial trauma symptoms.

Conclusions: The findings shed light on the parallels and distinctions between posttraumatic stress disorder and racial trauma. Emotional avoidance seems to play a role in maintenance of traumatic stress regardless of trauma type. Further, strong ethnic identity may serve as protective factor against development of racial trauma symptoms by lowering tendency to engage in avoidance of positive but not negative emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Chinese shidu parents (bereaved parents who have lost the only child) may experience prolonged grief disorder, as well as posttraumatic growth (PTG). This study aimed to examine their latent classes and transition patterns of prolonged grief disorder symptoms and PTG.

Method: Based on a longitudinal design, 265 shidu parents completed the Prolonged Grief Scale-Revised and Short Form of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Chinese Shidu Parents twice with an interval of about 5 months. Latent class analysis and latent transition analysis were performed to identify subgroups and their transition possibilities over time.

Results: Four latent classes that changed over time were identified: a "growth" class, a "combined grief and growth" class, a "low grief" class, and a "high grief" class. From Time 1 to Time 2, the proportion of the growth class and the low grief class increased. Shidu parents in the growth class or combined class had about a 36% probability of moving to low grief class. Compared with individuals in the high grief class (8.5%), members in the low grief class (20.4%) had a higher probability of moving to the growth class. Moreover, 29.0% of shidu parents suffered from persistent grief.

Conclusions: Adjustment to child loss displayed substantial variations between individuals. PTG reported by shidu parents can be both stable and temporary. About 30% of shidu parents suffered from persistent and severe grief, and designing grief-focused treatment may be beneficial for them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The present study examined the role of racism-based traumatic stress (RBTS) symptoms (i.e., traumatic stress reactions in direct response to experiences of racial discrimination) and suicide-related risk in a national sample of U.S. Black and Latine adolescents.

Method: Study participants were recruited from an online survey panel (N = 559), self-identified as Black (54.7%) and/or Latine (45.3%), and were between 12 and 17 years old (M = 14.54, SD = 1.64). Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between RBTS symptoms and past-year suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, accounting for conventional and racism-based potentially traumatic exposures (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Results: Findings suggest that adolescents with higher levels of RBTS symptoms were at elevated risk for past-year suicide attempts, adjusted odds ratio [confidence intervals] = 1.54, 95% CI [1.02, 2.31], p = .04, above and beyond reported levels of PTEs, racism-based potentially traumatic exposures, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. This association was not observed with past-year suicidal ideation, adjusted odds ratio = 1.30, 95% CI [0.92, 1.84], p = .14, or past-year suicide plans, adjusted odds ratio = 1.07, 95% CI [0.72, 1.61], p = .73.

Conclusion: RBTS symptoms may be relevant in identifying suicide-related risk, particularly suicide attempts, among Black and Latine adolescents. While these findings provide insights into the relationship between RBTS and suicide-related risk, the cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and the use of a convenience sample may limit generalizability to the broader Black and Latine populations. Tailored interventions that address the nuanced effects of racial trauma on suicide risk are needed among youth of color. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The prevalence of COVID-19-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and insomnia remains high in Chinese adolescents. Existing research suggests strong links between them and the influence of internet addiction (IA) on their development. This study therefore examined a longitudinal network of these psychological symptoms and explored the influence of IA on them.

Method: Analyses included 811 adolescents (M_age = 14.65, SD = 1.77, 44.2% female), and measures were taken at two time points 2 months apart. A cross-lagged panel network model was used to construct a common network of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia to estimate the longitudinal relationship between symptoms. Furthermore, networks of subgroups with different IA levels were compared.

Results: Suicidal ideation at T1 had the strongest predictive effect on other symptoms at T2. Insomnia had the strongest bridging effect, sustaining the coactivation of depression and PTSD symptoms. The similarity between symptom networks across different IA groups was low. However, hyperarousal was strongly predicted by other symptoms in both high and low-level IA groups, respectively.

Conclusions: Findings emphasize the important roles of suicidal ideation and insomnia in the network of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia in adolescents. This may make these symptoms a priority to be considered in interventions. Among adolescents with different levels of IA, the most central symptom varies, suggesting that intervention priorities should vary in groups with different levels of IA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an early risk factor for posttraumatic reactions in youth. Psychological resilience plays a significant role in these processes. However, the role of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) is less known. We aimed to explore how CM and PCEs jointly affect posttraumatic reactions via psychological resilience in young CM survivors.

Method: The participants were 2,669 Chinese youth with CM experiences (53.6% female, 51.2% ≤ 18 years) who completed three-wave assessments over 1 year. We used structural equation modeling to examine the mediating roles of psychological resilience between CM and complex posttraumatic stress symptoms, posttraumatic growth, and posttraumatic depreciation. We also examined the moderating roles of PCEs in the relationship between CM types and psychological resilience.

Results: Psychological resilience mediated the relationship between emotional abuse/PCEs and posttraumatic growth. Moreover, PCEs showed different interactive effects with emotional and sexual abuse on psychological resilience and further influenced posttraumatic growth. With low PCEs, emotional abuse had a positive indirect association with posttraumatic growth. With high PCEs, sexual abuse had a positive indirect association with posttraumatic growth.

Conclusions: CM and PCEs can jointly affect the posttraumatic growth of young CM survivors via psychological resilience. The specific role of PCEs is contingent upon the type of CM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: High levels of traumatic exposure are well-documented in past research within transgender, nonbinary, and gender expansive (TNGE) groups; however, less is known about the levels of traumatic exposure among TNGE Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC) communities.

Method: This exploratory study aimed to examine the prevalence of traumatic exposure in a community sample of 110 TNGE BIPOC who endorsed past-year suicidal ideation. The Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (LEC-5) was utilized to measure traumatic exposure that was personally experienced firsthand and that of general traumatic exposure (i.e., experienced firsthand or vicariously). Descriptive statistics are reported detailing the prevalence of both forms of traumatic exposure.

Results: Findings indicate that the average firsthand traumatic exposure and general traumatic exposure scores for the general sample were on average 4.89 and 10.85 types of events, respectively. The most common types of firsthand traumatic exposure were unwanted sexual experience (69%), other stressful experience (61%), physical assault (55%), sexual assault (45%), and transportation accident (45%). The most common types of general traumatic exposure were unwanted sexual experience (86%), physical assault (85%), transportation accident (81%), sexual assault (77%), and natural disaster (74%).

Conclusion: Findings suggest that the prevalence and nature of traumatic exposure experienced by TNGE BIPOC may be substantially distinct from that of the general population. Replication of this study with a representative sample is warranted to further assess the prevalence of firsthand and vicarious traumatic exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: There are numerous risk factors associated with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), contributing to the heterogeneity of the NSSI population. Differences in characteristics may exist between different subgroups. This study attempted to delineate distinct profiles and intervention strategies tailored to specific subgroups of NSSI.

Method: This cross-sectional survey recruited 96,218 participants from 63 universities in China. All variables were measured using corresponding self-report questionnaires. Latent class analysis was conducted to determine different subgroups of NSSI. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests were conducted to investigate the differences across subgroups. Logistic regression analysis was employed to further examine the relationship between subgroups and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Results: A total of 8,315 (8.6%) participants reported NSSI, mostly aged 18-24 years. Four subgroups were identified. The largest class, Class 2 (3,488 [41.9%]), predominantly faced mental health challenges, followed by low risk in Class 4 (2,558 [30.8%]), childhood trauma combined with mental health problems in Class 1 (1,323 [15.9%]), and childhood neglect in Class 3 (946 [11.4%]). Class 1 reported the highest rates of a history of psychiatric diagnosis (depression [32.5%]) and exhibited the lowest socioeconomic status. In addition, Class 1 showed the highest odds of reporting suicide plans (OR = 2.36; 95% confidence interval [2.02, 2.76]) and attempts (OR = 3.81; 95% confidence interval [3.14, 4.61]).

Conclusions: This study identified four distinct subgroups of NSSI among youths and decoded their unique profiles. Targeted intervention strategies for each subgroup were crucial, particularly in enhancing the identification and treatment of coexisting childhood trauma, mental health problems, and substance abuse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The Posttraumatic Maladaptive Beliefs Scale (PMBS) assesses negative beliefs about self, others, and the world posttrauma. Despite a strong theoretical basis, its three-subscale structure lacked empirical support for its structural validity. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PMBS and assess its applicability across diverse populations.

Method: With 443 trauma-exposed participants, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which revealed an inadequate factor structure. Subsequently, we explored an alternative structure and its applicability across demographics using multigroup CFAs to test measurement invariance.

Results: Initial CFA revealed that the three-subscale structure of the PMBS, based on theoretical conceptualization, had an inadequate fit. Through exploratory factor analyses, an alternative eight-item, two-factor model was derived using Subsample 1 (n = 222). The validity of this model was further confirmed through CFA on a separate Subsample 2 (n = 221). The scale was renamed as the Brief version of the Posttraumatic Maladaptive Beliefs Scale (B-PMBS). The B-PMBS demonstrated sound convergent and divergent validity with variables such as the number of traumatic events, their perceived impact, event centrality, resilience, and core self-evaluation. It also showed factorial invariance across various demographic groups, including gender, race, and disability status.

Conclusions: These findings challenge the structural validity of the original PMBS and support the psychometric validity of the B-PMBS across diverse populations. Its reliability and brevity make the B-PMBS a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers seeking to identify and address posttraumatic cognitions in various settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This study investigated sex differences in the codevelopment trajectories and temporal associations of emotional self-disclosure and internalizing problems in Chinese adolescents.

Method: Three hundred ninety-two adolescents (age: M = 15.02, SD = 1.61) completed self-report questionnaires 12 months (T1), 21 months (Time 2 [T2]), and 27 months (T3) after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake that occurred on August 8, 2017. We conducted parallel process latent growth modeling and constructed cross-lagged panel models with sex as a grouping variable.

Results: The results showed that emotional self-disclosure increased overtime for girls and internalizing problems were stable for both boys and girls. For boys, emotional self-disclosure at T1 and T2 was negatively associated with internalizing problems at T2 and T3; internalizing problems at T2 were negatively associated with emotional self-disclosure at T3. For girls, internalizing problems at T1 and T2 were negatively associated with emotional self-disclosure at T2 and T3.

Conclusions: The results indicated that emotional self-disclosure showed a clear healing effect only for boys, whereas for girls, higher internalizing problems related to suppressed emotional self-disclosure. These findings suggested that interventions could focus on promoting emotional self-disclosure for boys and focus on the relief of internalizing symptoms for girls. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).