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Trauma in the American asylum process: Experiences of immigrant families under the migrant protection protocols. 美国庇护程序中的创伤:移民家庭在移民保护协议下的经历。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001368
Alfonso Mercado, Amanda Venta, Frances Morales, Amanda Palomin, Luz Garcini, Michelle Silva, Melanie M Domenech Rodríguez

Objective: Latinx asylum-seeking families report posttraumatic distress that is 161-204% higher than in nonimmigrants, with adverse consequences for health and well-being. Recent U.S. policies have further embedded trauma in the asylum-seeking process by forcing families to remain in Mexico, enduring dire living conditions in tent encampments near the border while awaiting processing. These families are now entering the United States in large numbers. This article sheds light on their recent experiences and mental health needs, using a mixed methods-grounded theory design, presenting quantitative and qualitative data to describe the experiences of six asylum-seeking families who waited for 1-2 years in the refugee camp in Mexico.

Method: Quantitative data was obtained from the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire while qualitative interviews provided insight into reasons for migration and trauma at different stages of the migration process.

Results: All participants experienced multiple traumas and endorsed trauma related symptoms. Important themes of psychological distress and trauma emerged, including unending suffering, hunger, and worry for the safety of their children while living in the refugee camp. Asylum-seeking families experienced substantial distress and trauma secondary to their stay in Mexico and COVID-19.

Conclusion: Families arriving to the United States have experienced significant trauma, separation, and loss before and during their journey. Interactions with an unprepared and overwhelmed immigration system further compromises their psychological well-being. It is imperative that first-person narratives inform policy that addresses their complex needs and protects their human rights. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:拉美裔寻求庇护家庭报告的创伤后痛苦比非移民高出 161-204%,对健康和福祉造成不利影响。美国最近的政策迫使寻求庇护的家庭留在墨西哥,在边境附近的帐篷营地忍受恶劣的生活条件,等待处理,从而进一步加深了寻求庇护过程中的创伤。这些家庭现在正大量进入美国。本文采用以混合方法为基础的理论设计,通过定量和定性数据,描述了六个在墨西哥难民营等待 1-2 年的寻求庇护家庭的近期经历和心理健康需求:方法:定量数据来自《简明症状量表-18》和《哈佛创伤问卷》,定性访谈则提供了对移民原因和移民过程中不同阶段的创伤的深入了解:所有参与者都经历过多重创伤,并认可与创伤相关的症状。出现了心理困扰和心理创伤的重要主题,包括无尽的痛苦、饥饿以及对生活在难民营中的子女安全的担忧。寻求庇护的家庭在墨西哥和 COVID-19 滞留期间经历了巨大的痛苦和创伤:抵达美国的家庭在旅途之前和期间都经历了巨大的创伤、分离和损失。与毫无准备、不堪重负的移民系统的互动进一步损害了他们的心理健康。当务之急是让第一手资料为政策提供依据,以满足他们的复杂需求并保护他们的人权。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)。
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引用次数: 0
Posttraumatic growth and psychopathological symptoms as predictors in the integration of North Korean adolescent refugees: Latent profile analysis. 创伤后成长和精神病理症状是北朝鲜青少年难民融入社会的预测因素:Latent profile analysis.
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001438
Wonjung Ryu, Yongho Chon, Hyun Lee

Objective: This study is to explore identifiable psychological differences and predictors for the subgroup of refugees who at a very early age moved from a totalitarian country to a westernized democracy, ultimately to improve policies and reduce the maladaptation of refugees to a new society. More specifically, it is to fill in significant gaps in understanding and predicting refugee tendencies toward depression, social withdrawal, aggression, and posttraumatic growth.

Method: Latent class analysis was conducted to identify subgroups based on symptom profiles within a sample of 201 North Korean adolescent refugees residing in South Korea.

Results: Four subgroups were identified: (a) High growth, (b) Low trauma with high adaptive aggression, (c) Low trauma with high social withdrawal/depression, and (d) High trauma with high comorbidity. Predictors were physical health, self-esteem, peer support, teacher support, and school adjustment.

Conclusion: Current refugee policies in South Korea would benefit from refining services to allow customization to the specific needs and characteristics of each adolescent rather than continue the current model of homogeneity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

研究目的本研究旨在探索幼年时从极权国家移居到西方民主国家的难民亚群的可识别心理差异和预测因素,最终改善政策,减少难民对新社会的不适应。更具体地说,它是为了填补在理解和预测难民抑郁、社会退缩、攻击性和创伤后成长倾向方面的重大空白:方法:对居住在韩国的201名北朝鲜青少年难民样本进行潜类分析,根据症状特征确定亚组:结果:确定了四个亚组:(a) 高成长;(b) 低创伤伴高适应性攻击;(c) 低创伤伴高社交退缩/抑郁;(d) 高创伤伴高合并症。预测因素包括身体健康、自尊、同伴支持、教师支持和学校适应:结论:南韩目前的难民政策将受益于改进服务,以满足每个青少年的具体需求和特点,而不是继续目前的同质化模式。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)。
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引用次数: 0
Trauma-informed care for unaccompanied children: Lessons learned for practice and policy development. 无人陪伴儿童的创伤知情护理:实践和政策制定的经验教训。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001565
Diane Elmore Borbon, Elizabeth Tant Blackmon, Nctsn Unaccompanied Children Task Force, John A Fairbank

Introduction: The number of unaccompanied children (UC) arriving in the United States has increased significantly in recent years. UC often encounter traumatic events in their home country, during their migration journey, and upon resettlement. This article describes a congressionally-funded initiative to provide trauma-informed mental health services to UC and children separated from their parents upon arrival in the United States. It also identifies facilitators and barriers to working with UC and offers lessons learned to help inform future practice and policy development aimed at assisting this vulnerable population.

Method: Data were derived from qualitative interviews and a survey administered to grantees.

Results: In total, grantees served 1,195 youth and families across 11 states, including UC, asylees, and new immigrants during the period of December 2018 through September 2019. Youth and families served spoke 16 languages and originated from diverse nations. Services provided included direct services to youth and families; training for providers and community members; partnerships and collaborations; and resource/product development or adaptations.

Discussion: Lessons learned and recommendations derived from this initiative can assist others interested in promoting trauma-informed practice and policies for migrant children and their families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

引言:近年来,抵达美国的无人陪伴儿童数量显著增加。UC经常在他们的祖国、移民途中和重新安置时遇到创伤事件。本文描述了一项由国会资助的倡议,旨在为加州大学和抵达美国后与父母分离的儿童提供创伤知情心理健康服务。它还确定了与加州大学合作的推动者和障碍,并提供了经验教训,以帮助为旨在帮助这一弱势群体的未来实践和政策制定提供信息。方法:数据来源于定性访谈和对受赠人进行的调查。结果:在2018年12月至2019年9月期间,受资助者总共为11个州的1195名青年和家庭提供了服务,其中包括加州大学、收容所和新移民。服务的青年和家庭会说16种语言,来自不同的国家。提供的服务包括向青年和家庭提供直接服务;对提供者和社区成员进行培训;伙伴关系和协作;以及资源/产品开发或调整。讨论:从这一举措中汲取的经验教训和提出的建议可以帮助其他有兴趣促进针对移民儿童及其家庭的创伤知情实践和政策的人。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing prevalence, validity, and correlates of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in Ireland. 评估爱尔兰 ICD-11 创伤后应激障碍和复杂创伤后应激障碍的患病率、有效性和相关性。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001472
Grainne McGinty, Robert Fox, Philip Hyland

Background: The most frequently used measure of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). While there is strong support for the psychometric properties of the ITQ, few studies have assessed its reliability and validity in nationally representative samples. Additionally, several correlates of ICD-11 CPTSD have been identified; however, few studies have assessed multiple correlates simultaneously.

Objective: To assess the factorial validity and internal reliability of the ITQ in a nationally representative sample of adults living in Ireland (N = 1,100); determine the prevalence rates of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and CPTSD; and identify correlates of CPTSD symptoms and how CPTSD symptoms relate to risk of suicide.

Method: Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the factorial validity of the ITQ, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine the unique multivariate associations between 10 predictor variables (age, sex, urban dwelling, unemployment status, number of traumatic events, COVID-19 infection, knowing someone who died from COVID-19, loneliness, social support, and sleep problems) and symptoms of CPTSD, and the unique associations between CPTSD symptoms and suicide risk.

Results: The ITQ produces reliable and valid scores, 11.2% of people met requirements for ICD-11 PTSD (2.4%) or CPTSD (8.8%), exposure to a higher number of traumatic life events, higher levels of loneliness, and more sleep problems predicted CPTSD symptoms; and negative self-concept (NSC) symptoms were most strongly associated with suicidality.

Conclusions: Where the risk of suicide is high, treating symptoms of NSC, loneliness, and sleep problems may be advisable. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

背景:国际疾病分类(ICD-11)第 11 版复杂创伤后应激障碍(CPTSD)最常用的测量方法是国际创伤问卷(ITQ)。虽然 ITQ 的心理测量特性得到了强有力的支持,但很少有研究对其在全国代表性样本中的可靠性和有效性进行评估。此外,ICD-11 CPTSD 的几个相关因素已被确定;但是,很少有研究同时评估多个相关因素:目的:在具有全国代表性的爱尔兰成年人样本(N = 1,100)中评估 ITQ 的因子有效性和内部可靠性;确定 ICD-11 创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 和 CPTSD 的患病率;确定 CPTSD 症状的相关因素以及 CPTSD 症状与自杀风险的关系:方法:对ITQ进行确证因子分析以评估其因子有效性,并使用结构方程建模(SEM)确定10个预测变量(年龄、性别、城市居民、失业状况、创伤事件次数、COVID-19感染、认识死于COVID-19的人、孤独、社会支持和睡眠问题)与CPTSD症状之间的独特多变量关联,以及CPTSD症状与自杀风险之间的独特关联:ITQ可得出可靠有效的分数,11.2%的人符合ICD-11创伤后应激障碍(2.4%)或创伤后应激障碍(8.8%)的要求,更多的创伤性生活事件、更高程度的孤独感和更多的睡眠问题可预测创伤后应激障碍症状;负性自我概念(NSC)症状与自杀倾向的关系最为密切:结论:在自杀风险较高的情况下,治疗消极自我概念症状、孤独感和睡眠问题可能是明智之举。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Does change in trauma-related shame predict change in PTSD symptomatology? 创伤相关羞耻感的变化能否预测创伤后应激障碍症状的变化?
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001454
Jayme Matloub Lepak, Xiaonan Zhang, Peter P Grau, Chad T Wetterneck

Objective: Trauma-related shame (TR-shame) is associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, research findings are inconsistent regarding the role of TR-shame in PTSD treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine if change in TR-shame predicted change in PTSD symptoms in treatment.

Method: A sample of 462 adults who received PTSD treatment at a Partial Hospitalization Program completed questionnaires measuring TR-shame (i.e., Trauma-Related Shame Inventory; TRSI) and PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5). Latent growth curve models were estimated to examine if the rate of change in TRSI predicted the rate of change in PCL-5 by using structural equation modeling. Furthermore, a latent regression model was estimated to predict the intercept and slope of the PCL-5.

Results: Model fits for the PCL-5 and the TRSI linear models were acceptable and both linear slopes were significant. On average, PCL-5 scores reduced 22.18 points from admission to discharge, while TRSI scores reduced 21.9 points from admission to discharge. The results of latent curve regression model suggested that the TRSI linear slope and intercept predicted the PCL-5 linear slope and intercept, respectively. Additionally, post-hoc analyses suggested that the variance in PCL-5 factors at discharge that were explained by TRSI intercept and linear slope ranged from 18.6% to 34.9%.

Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that the rate of change in TR-shame predicted the rate of change in PTSD symptoms. Given the negative impact of TR-shame on PTSD symptoms, TR-shame should be a target in treatment for PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:创伤相关羞耻感(TR-shame)与创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状有关。然而,关于创伤后应激障碍治疗中创伤相关羞耻感的作用,研究结果并不一致。本研究的目的是探讨创伤后应激障碍症状在治疗过程中的变化是否与创伤后应激障碍羞耻感的变化有关:方法:在部分住院治疗项目中接受创伤后应激障碍治疗的 462 名成人样本完成了测量创伤后应激障碍羞耻感(即创伤相关羞耻感量表;TRSI)和创伤后应激障碍症状(PTSD Checklist for DSM-5;PCL-5)的调查问卷。通过结构方程建模法估算了潜增长曲线模型,以检验 TRSI 的变化率是否能预测 PCL-5 的变化率。此外,还估算了一个潜在回归模型,以预测 PCL-5 的截距和斜率:结果:PCL-5 和 TRSI 线性模型的拟合结果均可接受,且线性斜率均显著。PCL-5 评分从入院到出院平均降低了 22.18 分,而 TRSI 评分从入院到出院平均降低了 21.9 分。潜曲线回归模型的结果表明,TRSI 的线性斜率和截距分别预测了 PCL-5 的线性斜率和截距。此外,事后分析表明,TRSI截距和线性斜率可解释出院时PCL-5各因子的差异,差异范围为18.6%至34.9%:本研究结果表明,TR-羞耻感的变化率可以预测创伤后应激障碍症状的变化率。鉴于TR-羞耻感对创伤后应激障碍症状的负面影响,TR-羞耻感应成为创伤后应激障碍的治疗目标。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Does change in trauma-related shame predict change in PTSD symptomatology?","authors":"Jayme Matloub Lepak, Xiaonan Zhang, Peter P Grau, Chad T Wetterneck","doi":"10.1037/tra0001454","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Trauma-related shame (TR-shame) is associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, research findings are inconsistent regarding the role of TR-shame in PTSD treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine if change in TR-shame predicted change in PTSD symptoms in treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 462 adults who received PTSD treatment at a Partial Hospitalization Program completed questionnaires measuring TR-shame (i.e., Trauma-Related Shame Inventory; TRSI) and PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5). Latent growth curve models were estimated to examine if the rate of change in TRSI predicted the rate of change in PCL-5 by using structural equation modeling. Furthermore, a latent regression model was estimated to predict the intercept and slope of the PCL-5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Model fits for the PCL-5 and the TRSI linear models were acceptable and both linear slopes were significant. On average, PCL-5 scores reduced 22.18 points from admission to discharge, while TRSI scores reduced 21.9 points from admission to discharge. The results of latent curve regression model suggested that the TRSI linear slope and intercept predicted the PCL-5 linear slope and intercept, respectively. Additionally, post-hoc analyses suggested that the variance in PCL-5 factors at discharge that were explained by TRSI intercept and linear slope ranged from 18.6% to 34.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study indicated that the rate of change in TR-shame predicted the rate of change in PTSD symptoms. Given the negative impact of TR-shame on PTSD symptoms, TR-shame should be a target in treatment for PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"711-721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9298970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An examination of the criterion-related validity of varying methods of indexing clinically significant change in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment. 对创伤后应激障碍治疗中不同临床显著变化指标方法的标准相关有效性进行研究。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001479
Natasha Benfer, Benjamin C Darnell, Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, Elliot M Fielstein, Breanna Grunthal, Keren Lehavot, Brian P Marx, Brett Litz

Objective: Clinicians, patients, and researchers need benchmarks to index individual-level clinically significant change (CSC) to guide decision making and inferences about treatment efficacy. Yet, there is no consensus best practice for determining CSC for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments. We examined criterion-related validity of the most common approach-Jacobson and Truax's (J&T; 1991) procedures for indexing CSC. We generated and compared four methods of calculating the J&T indices of CSC (two sets of sample-specific inputs, putatively norm-referenced benchmarks, and a combination of sample-specific and norm-referenced criteria) with respect to their association with a criterion index of quality of life (QoL).

Method: Participants were 91 women Veterans enrolled in a randomized clinical trial for PTSD who completed self-report measures on PTSD symptoms and various domains of QoL and functioning, pre- and posttreatment. For each of the four methods used to calculate CSC, the QoL composite was regressed onto the CSC categories.

Results: All methods explained large variance in change in QoL. Across all methods, participants categorized as unchanged had smaller changes in QoL, compared with those who improved or had probable recovery. The norm-referenced benchmarks accounted for the relatively largest amount of variance in QoL, but categorized the fewest patients as having made CSC.

Conclusions: The J&T methodology for indexing CSC in PTSD symptoms has criterion-related validity, and a norm-referenced benchmark appears to be the most potent. However, the norm-referenced parameters may be overly specific, potentially leading to an underestimate of improvement. Research is needed to test the generalizability of these results. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:临床医生、患者和研究人员都需要一些基准来衡量个体层面的临床显著变化(CSC),以指导决策和疗效推断。然而,在确定创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)治疗的 CSC 方面还没有达成共识的最佳实践。我们研究了最常用的方法--Jacobson 和 Truax(J&T;1991 年)的 CSC 指标程序的标准相关有效性。我们生成并比较了四种计算 CSC J&T 指数的方法(两套特定于样本的输入、假定的常模参照基准以及特定于样本和常模参照标准的组合)与生活质量(QoL)标准指数之间的关联:91名女性退伍军人参加了创伤后应激障碍随机临床试验,她们在治疗前和治疗后完成了创伤后应激障碍症状以及生活质量和功能各方面的自我报告测量。对于用于计算 CSC 的四种方法中的每一种,都将 QoL 综合指标与 CSC 类别进行了回归:结果:所有方法都能解释 QoL 变化的巨大差异。在所有方法中,被归类为 "无变化 "的参与者的 QoL 变化小于那些有所改善或可能康复的参与者。常模参照基准对 QoL 变异的影响相对最大,但归类为 CSC 的患者最少:结论:用于对创伤后应激障碍症状中的 CSC 进行指数化的 J&T 方法具有标准相关有效性,而常模参照基准似乎是最有效的。不过,常模参照参数可能过于具体,可能导致低估改善效果。需要进行研究来检验这些结果的普遍性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"An examination of the criterion-related validity of varying methods of indexing clinically significant change in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment.","authors":"Natasha Benfer, Benjamin C Darnell, Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, Elliot M Fielstein, Breanna Grunthal, Keren Lehavot, Brian P Marx, Brett Litz","doi":"10.1037/tra0001479","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Clinicians, patients, and researchers need benchmarks to index individual-level clinically significant change (CSC) to guide decision making and inferences about treatment efficacy. Yet, there is no consensus best practice for determining CSC for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments. We examined criterion-related validity of the most common approach-Jacobson and Truax's (J&T; 1991) procedures for indexing CSC. We generated and compared four methods of calculating the J&T indices of CSC (two sets of sample-specific inputs, putatively norm-referenced benchmarks, and a combination of sample-specific and norm-referenced criteria) with respect to their association with a criterion index of quality of life (QoL).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 91 women Veterans enrolled in a randomized clinical trial for PTSD who completed self-report measures on PTSD symptoms and various domains of QoL and functioning, pre- and posttreatment. For each of the four methods used to calculate CSC, the QoL composite was regressed onto the CSC categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All methods explained large variance in change in QoL. Across all methods, participants categorized as unchanged had smaller changes in QoL, compared with those who improved or had probable recovery. The norm-referenced benchmarks accounted for the relatively largest amount of variance in QoL, but categorized the fewest patients as having made CSC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The J&T methodology for indexing CSC in PTSD symptoms has criterion-related validity, and a norm-referenced benchmark appears to be the most potent. However, the norm-referenced parameters may be overly specific, potentially leading to an underestimate of improvement. Research is needed to test the generalizability of these results. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"802-809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining whether the impact of different types of interpersonal violence and mental disorders on attempted suicide is greater for bisexual women. 研究不同类型的人际暴力和精神障碍对双性恋女性自杀未遂的影响是否更大。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001448
Courtenay Cavanaugh, Ash Wismar

Objective: This national study examined whether different types of interpersonal violence and mental disorders were associated with greater risk for attempted suicide among bisexual women than heterosexual women.

Method: Data were used from participants in Wave II of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions in the United States of America who identified as female and either heterosexual or bisexual (N = 19,261; 71% White). Logistic regression models tested the main and interactive effects of three types of interpersonal violence (i.e., childhood abuse, childhood neglect, or intimate partner violence [IPV]), four types of mental disorders (i.e., mood, anxiety, substance use, and posttraumatic stress) and sexual orientation (i.e., bisexual vs. heterosexual) on attempted suicide. A post hoc logistic regression also tested the main and interactive effects of four types of anxiety disorders (i.e., panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder [GAD]) and sexual orientation on attempted suicide.

Results: Sexual orientation moderated the impact of childhood neglect, IPV, and anxiety disorders on attempted suicide. Bisexual women who experienced childhood neglect, IPV, or an anxiety disorder had 3.75, 1.43, and 6.24 greater odds, respectively, of attempted suicide, compared to heterosexual women who reported these problems. Additionally, bisexual women who had GAD had 1.66 greater odds of attempting suicide compared to heterosexual women who had GAD.

Conclusions: Findings elucidate factors that may increase suicide risk in vulnerable populations as called for by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's suicide prevention strategic plan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:这项全国性研究调查了不同类型的人际暴力和精神障碍是否与双性恋女性比异性恋女性更高的自杀未遂风险有关。方法:数据来自美国国家酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查第二波的参与者,他们被认定为女性、异性恋或双性恋(N=19261;71%为白人)。Logistic回归模型测试了三种类型的人际暴力(即童年虐待、童年忽视或亲密伴侣暴力[IPV])、四种类型的精神障碍(即情绪、焦虑、药物使用和创伤后压力)和性取向(即双性恋与异性恋)对自杀未遂的主要交互影响。一项事后逻辑回归还测试了四种类型的焦虑症(即恐慌症、社交恐惧症、特定恐惧症和广泛性焦虑症[GAD])和性取向对自杀未遂的主要交互影响。结果:性取向调节了儿童期忽视、IPV和焦虑障碍对自杀未遂的影响。与报告这些问题的异性恋女性相比,经历过童年忽视、IPV或焦虑症的双性恋女性自杀未遂的几率分别高3.75、1.43和6.24。此外,与患有GAD的异性恋女性相比,患有GAD的双性恋女性尝试自杀的几率高1.66。结论:研究结果阐明了疾病控制和预防中心自杀预防战略计划中可能增加弱势人群自杀风险的因素。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Examining whether the impact of different types of interpersonal violence and mental disorders on attempted suicide is greater for bisexual women.","authors":"Courtenay Cavanaugh, Ash Wismar","doi":"10.1037/tra0001448","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This national study examined whether different types of interpersonal violence and mental disorders were associated with greater risk for attempted suicide among bisexual women than heterosexual women.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were used from participants in Wave II of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions in the United States of America who identified as female and either heterosexual or bisexual (<i>N</i> = 19,261; 71% White). Logistic regression models tested the main and interactive effects of three types of interpersonal violence (i.e., childhood abuse, childhood neglect, or intimate partner violence [IPV]), four types of mental disorders (i.e., mood, anxiety, substance use, and posttraumatic stress) and sexual orientation (i.e., bisexual vs. heterosexual) on attempted suicide. A post hoc logistic regression also tested the main and interactive effects of four types of anxiety disorders (i.e., panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder [GAD]) and sexual orientation on attempted suicide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sexual orientation moderated the impact of childhood neglect, IPV, and anxiety disorders on attempted suicide. Bisexual women who experienced childhood neglect, IPV, or an anxiety disorder had 3.75, 1.43, and 6.24 greater odds, respectively, of attempted suicide, compared to heterosexual women who reported these problems. Additionally, bisexual women who had GAD had 1.66 greater odds of attempting suicide compared to heterosexual women who had GAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings elucidate factors that may increase suicide risk in vulnerable populations as called for by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's suicide prevention strategic plan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"810-816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10787832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interacting with a friend after a trauma film reduces anxiety and intrusive memories. 在观看创伤影片后与朋友互动,可减少焦虑和侵入性记忆。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001381
Matthew J Woodward, Joshua D Clapp, Sarah E Cotney, J Gayle Beck

Objective: Interpersonal factors have been linked with psychological adjustment to trauma, but how interpersonal factors influence trauma response is still unclear. Experimental paradigms such as the trauma film paradigm offer a valuable approach for studying this complex dynamic. However, few studies have used the trauma film paradigm to examine the interpersonal context of trauma response, and no studies have incorporated friends into the trauma film paradigm. The purpose of the current study was to examine how inclusion of a friend influenced reactions to a trauma analog.

Method: One hundred young adult females were randomized to watch a brief stressful film of a sexual assault either with or without a friend and the Friend Present condition was given an opportunity to interact following the film. Participants were evaluated on distress during the film, skin conductance, anxiety and negative affect immediately postfilm (preinteraction) and 5 minutes later (postinteraction), and intrusive memories over a three-day period.

Results: No differences were found between conditions on skin conductance or subjective distress during the film. However, the Friend Present condition experienced a greater reduction in state anxiety from preinteraction to postinteraction and greater decreases in intrusive memories over the three-day period.

Conclusions: Findings show the inclusion of a friend mitigated trauma-related stress reactions and suggest that interacting with a friend aided in adaptive processing of the stressor. Findings indicate that additional work is needed to examine how platonic relationships can be targeted to improve prevention and intervention efforts in trauma-related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:人际因素与创伤后的心理调整有关,但人际因素如何影响创伤反应仍不清楚。创伤影片范式等实验范式为研究这种复杂的动态变化提供了一种有价值的方法。然而,很少有研究使用创伤影片范式来研究创伤反应的人际背景,也没有研究将朋友纳入创伤影片范式。本研究的目的是探讨朋友的加入对创伤模拟反应的影响:方法:100 名年轻成年女性被随机安排在有朋友陪伴或没有朋友陪伴的情况下观看一部简短的性侵犯压力影片。在为期三天的时间里,对参与者观看影片时的痛苦、皮肤传导、影片结束后立即(互动前)和 5 分钟后(互动后)的焦虑和负面情绪以及侵入性记忆进行评估:结果:在观看影片期间,不同条件下的皮肤电导率和主观痛苦程度没有差异。然而,从互动前到互动后,"朋友在场 "条件下的状态焦虑下降幅度更大,三天内的侵入性记忆下降幅度也更大:研究结果表明,朋友的加入减轻了与创伤相关的应激反应,并表明与朋友的互动有助于应激反应的适应性处理。研究结果表明,还需要做更多的工作来研究如何利用柏拉图式的关系来改善创伤相关结果的预防和干预工作。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
The psychological impact of wrongful convictions: Exploring retrospective trajectories of distress in exonerees. 错误定罪的心理影响:探索无罪释放者痛苦的追溯轨迹。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001425
Kathryn A Thomas, William T Hoyt

Objective: Although an emerging body of research has examined the legal causes of wrongful convictions, there is little research that examines the psychological impact of wrongful convictions. This study aims to understand the psychological experiences of exonerees, with a focus on the role of meaning-making in individuals' reactions to trauma. The study also aims to examine exonerees' self-reported trajectories of distress throughout their experience of being wrongfully convicted and subsequently exonerated.

Method: A total of 46 exonerees completed an online survey. Measures included: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, World Assumptions Questionnaire, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and a self-reported retrospective trajectory measure.

Results: Cluster analysis suggested a four-factor solution: Chronic Distress, Relief and Readjustment, Recovery, and Intense Distress with Minimal Recovery. The Recovery cluster (n = 17; 37.0%) had significantly lower levels of PTSD and anxiety symptoms than the other three groups. The Recovery cluster had higher levels of positive world assumptions and lower levels of searching for meaning than the other three clusters, but there were no differences among clusters in level of meaning made, presence of meaning, depression symptoms, and satisfaction with life.

Conclusions: The results revealed that exonerees with more positive world beliefs (conceptualized as an outcome of meaning-making) have lower rates of PTSD and anxiety. Consistent with the literature, results also suggest that the search for meaning may be indicative of increased distress and less recovery. Clinical and policy implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:尽管一个新兴的研究机构已经研究了错误定罪的法律原因,但很少有研究考察错误定罪的心理影响。本研究旨在了解被证明者的心理体验,重点研究意义制造在个体对创伤反应中的作用。该研究还旨在检查被无罪释放者在被错误定罪并随后被无罪释放的整个经历中自我报告的痛苦轨迹。方法:对46名外显子进行在线调查。测量包括:患者健康问卷-9、广泛性焦虑障碍-7、DSM-5创伤后应激障碍检查表、创伤后成长量表、世界假设问卷、生活意义问卷、生活满意度量表和自我报告的回顾性轨迹测量。结果:聚类分析提出了四个因素的解决方案:慢性痛苦、缓解和重新适应、恢复和严重痛苦和最小恢复。康复组(n=17;37.0%)的创伤后应激障碍和焦虑症状水平明显低于其他三组。与其他三个集群相比,恢复集群的积极世界假设水平更高,寻找意义的水平更低,但集群之间在意义产生水平、意义存在、抑郁症状和生活满意度方面没有差异。结论:研究结果表明,具有更积极的世界信念(概念化为意义制造的结果)的外显子PTSD和焦虑的发生率较低。与文献一致,研究结果还表明,寻找意义可能表明痛苦增加,恢复较少。讨论了临床和政策影响。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Associations between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth elements: A network analysis. 创伤后应激症状与创伤后成长要素之间的关联:网络分析。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001411
Umer Jon Ganai, Shivani Sachdev, Naseer Ahmad Bhat, Braj Bhushan

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is a collective trauma causing profound psychological distress and, in some cases, positive psychological changes. The present study ascertained the most influential symptoms and strong connections between posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and posttraumatic growth (PTG) elements. It also examined the symptoms/elements that acted as a bridge between the two, to elucidate how PTS and PTG co-exist.

Method: The PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were used to assess PTS symptoms and PTG, respectively, in a sample of 509 adults from Kashmir, India.

Results: The network analysis revealed negative trauma-related emotions as the most influential symptom in the PTS network, and the ability to do better things with life as the most influential element in the PTG network. Eight bridge symptoms/elements emerged between the PTS and PTG, namely intrusive thoughts, nightmares, more compassion for others, sleep disturbances, trauma-related amnesia, hypervigilance, willingness to express emotions, and counting on others more.

Conclusions: The study identified the most influential symptom in the PTS network and the bridge symptoms in the combined network of PTS symptoms and PTG elements in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the present sample. The bridge symptoms helped in understanding how PTS and PTG co-existed in adults exposed to disasters such as COVID-19. Identification of these symptoms can be highly significant for developing targeted interventions. These implications have been discussed further in the present study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:COVID-19 大流行是一次集体创伤,造成了深重的心理痛苦,在某些情况下也带来了积极的心理变化。本研究确定了创伤后应激(PTS)症状和创伤后成长(PTG)要素之间最具影响力的症状和紧密联系。本研究还探讨了作为两者之间桥梁的症状/要素,以阐明创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长要素是如何共存的:方法:使用创伤后应激障碍核对表(PCL-5)和创伤后成长量表(PTGI)分别评估来自印度克什米尔的 509 名成年人的创伤后应激障碍症状和创伤后成长:网络分析显示,与创伤相关的负面情绪是创伤后应激障碍网络中最有影响力的症状,而在创伤后成长网络中,能够更好地生活是最有影响力的要素。PTS 和 PTG 之间出现了八个桥接症状/元素,即侵入性想法、噩梦、对他人更多的同情、睡眠障碍、创伤相关健忘症、过度警觉、愿意表达情绪和更多地依赖他人:本研究在 COVID-19 大流行的背景下,确定了 PTS 网络中最具影响力的症状,以及 PTS 症状和 PTG 要素组合网络中的桥梁症状。桥接症状有助于了解在 COVID-19 等灾难中,创伤后应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍是如何在成人中共存的。识别这些症状对于制定有针对性的干预措施意义重大。本研究将进一步讨论这些意义。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
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Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy
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