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Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

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Posttraumatic stress disorder in diverse populations: Testing for assessment bias in a nationally representative sample. 不同人群中的创伤后应激障碍:测试全国代表性样本的评估偏差。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001492
Carolina I Gutierrez, Katherina Arteaga, Ty S Schepis, Alessandro S De Nadai

Objective: A growing body of research has emerged to characterize differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom presentations in individuals from diverse racial and ethnic groups. However, less research has examined if these observed differences can be attributed to bias within PTSD assessments. Knowledge about potential bias in PTSD assessment is essential for interpreting group differences. If PTSD assessments do not perform similarly across diverse demographic groups, then observed differences may be artificial products of inaccurate measurement, new assessments could be required for individuals from different demographic groups, and we would be unable to accurately detect PTSD treatment effects in patients from diverse groups.

Method: We evaluated PTSD assessment bias through tests of measurement invariance for the semistructured, clinician-administered AUDADIS-5 diagnostic assessment of participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Participants included those who reported having experienced at least one potentially traumatic event in their lifetime (N = 23,936). Measurement invariance was assessed for participants who identified from several demographic groups (Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander; Hispanic; American Indian/Alaskan Native; and Black) compared to participants who identified as White (non-Hispanic).

Results: Overall, PTSD assessment was largely invariant across groups, while small amounts of measurement invariance were detected that can inform future research and clinical adaptations.

Conclusions: This work validates prior research that relies on a common conceptualization of PTSD, and it provides several paths for future improvement in research and clinical practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:越来越多的研究表明,不同种族和民族的人在创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状表现方面存在差异。然而,对于这些观察到的差异是否可归因于创伤后应激障碍评估中的偏差,研究较少。了解 PTSD 评估中的潜在偏差对于解释群体差异至关重要。如果创伤后应激障碍评估在不同人群中的表现不尽相同,那么观察到的差异可能是测量不准确的人为产物,可能需要对不同人群的个体进行新的评估,而我们将无法准确检测不同人群患者的创伤后应激障碍治疗效果:我们通过对全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查-III 中的参与者进行半结构化、由临床医生主持的 AUDADIS-5 诊断评估的测量不变性测试,评估了创伤后应激障碍的评估偏差。参与者包括那些报告在其一生中至少经历过一次潜在创伤事件的人(N = 23936)。与白人(非西班牙裔)相比,对来自几个人口群体(亚裔、夏威夷原住民或太平洋岛民、西班牙裔、美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民和黑人)的参与者进行了测量不变性评估:结果:总体而言,创伤后应激障碍评估在不同群体之间存在很大程度的不一致性,同时也发现了少量的测量不一致性,这可以为未来的研究和临床调整提供参考:结论:这项研究验证了之前基于创伤后应激障碍共同概念化的研究,并为未来研究和临床实践的改进提供了几条途径。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
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引用次数: 0
Parent-reported posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents: Findings from the mental health of parents and children in Ukraine study. 父母报告的儿童和青少年创伤后应激反应:乌克兰父母和儿童心理健康研究结果。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001583
Dmytro Martsenkovskyi, Thanos Karatzias, Philip Hyland, Mark Shevlin, Menachem Ben-Ezra, Eoin McElroy, Enya Redican, Maria Louison Vang, Marylene Cloitre, Grace W K Ho, Boris Lorberg, Igor Martsenkovsky

Background: Despite the long-standing ongoing war in Ukraine, information regarding war-related negative mental health outcomes in children is limited. A nationwide sample of parents in Ukraine was surveyed to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in their children and to identify risk factors associated with child PTSD status.

Method: A nationwide opportunistic sample of 1,238 parents reported on a single randomly chosen child within their household as part of The Mental Health of Parents and Children in Ukraine Study. Data were collected approximately 6 months after the war escalation in February 2022. The prevalence of PTSD was estimated using the parent-reported Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS).

Results: Based on parental reports, 17.5% of preschoolers and 12.6% of school-age children met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria for PTSD. Delay in milestone development (AOR = 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.38-4.08]), having a parent affiliated with the emergency services or army (AOR = 2.13, [1.28-3.53]), parental PTSD/complex PTSD status (AOR = 1.88, [1.22-2.89]), and mean changes in parental anxiety (AOR = 1.98, [1.44-2.72]) were among the strongest predictors of increased risk of pediatric PTSD.

Conclusion: Russia's war escalation in Ukraine resulted in an increased estimated prevalence of war-related PTSD in children of various ages. Urgent efforts to increase the capacity of national pediatric mental health services are critically needed to mitigate these challenges in an environment of limited financial and human resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

背景:尽管乌克兰的战争长期持续,但有关儿童与战争有关的负面心理健康结果的信息有限。对乌克兰全国范围内的父母样本进行了调查,以评估他们孩子的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状,并确定与儿童PTSD状态相关的风险因素。方法:作为乌克兰父母和儿童心理健康研究的一部分,对1238名父母进行了全国性的机会抽样,报告了他们家中随机选择的一个孩子。数据是在2022年2月战争升级约6个月后收集的。使用父母报告的儿童和青少年创伤筛查(CATS)来估计PTSD的患病率。结果:根据父母报告,17.5%的学龄前儿童和12.6%的学龄儿童符合《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》(第5版)的PTSD标准。里程碑发展延迟(AOR=2.38,95%置信区间[CI][1.38-4.08]),父母隶属于应急服务或军队(AOR=2.13,[1.28-3.53]),父母PTSD/复杂PTSD状态(AOR=1.88,[1.22-2.89]),父母焦虑的平均变化(AOR=1.98,[1.44-2.72])是儿童PTSD风险增加的最强预测因素之一。结论:俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争升级导致不同年龄儿童战争相关PTSD的估计患病率增加。迫切需要努力提高国家儿科心理健康服务的能力,以在财政和人力资源有限的环境中缓解这些挑战。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the psychometric properties of the expressions of moral injury scale in a sample of first responders. 在急救人员样本中检验道德伤害表达量表的心理测量特性。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001569
Peter C Tappenden, Travis A Cole, Jennifer N Valentine, Michelle M Lilly

Objective: There is emerging evidence that first responders, like military personnel, are at risk for exposure to potentially morally injurious events. However, studies examining expressions of moral injury in first responders are nascent, in large part due to the limited number of measures validated for use in this population. To address this gap, the present study sought to investigate the psychometric properties of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale-Military Version (EMIS-M) in a sample of first responders.

Method: The psychometric properties of the EMIS-M were investigated in a sample of 228 first responders to determine reliability, convergent validity, discriminative validity, and divergent validity. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the bifactor model identified in a veteran sample (Currier et al., 2018).

Results: Results yielded an excellent fit for the bifactor model with correlated self-directed and other-directed subscales identified in the EMIS-M development study. In addition, the measure evidenced strong reliability, convergent validity, discriminative validity, and divergent validity.

Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale-First Responder Version is a psychometrically sound measure capable of assessing self- and other-directed expressions of moral injury in first responders. The significance of these findings to our understanding of moral injury in first responders and their implications for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:有新的证据表明,急救人员和军人一样,都有可能遭遇潜在的精神伤害事件。然而,对第一反应者道德伤害表达的研究还刚刚起步,这在很大程度上是由于经过验证可用于这一人群的测量方法数量有限。为了填补这一空白,本研究试图在第一反应者样本中调查道德伤害表达量表-军事版(EMIS-M)的心理测量特性:方法:在 228 名急救人员样本中调查了 EMIS-M 的心理测量特性,以确定其信度、收敛效度、区分效度和发散效度。此外,还进行了确认性因素分析,以检验在退伍军人样本中确定的双因素模型(Currier 等人,2018 年):结果表明,双因素模型与EMIS-M开发研究中确定的相关自我导向和他人导向子量表非常契合。此外,该量表还具有很强的信度、收敛效度、区分效度和发散效度:本研究的结果表明,道德伤害表达量表--急救人员版是一种心理测量方法,能够评估急救人员自我和他人导向的道德伤害表达。本文讨论了这些发现对我们理解急救人员道德伤害的意义以及对未来研究的影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Visible wounds of invisible repression: A perspective on the importance of investigating the biological and psychological impact of political repression. 无形压迫的有形创伤:透视调查政治压迫的生理和心理影响的重要性。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001548
Ruth Marheinecke, Bernhard Strauss, Veronika Engert

Objective: Exposure to psychological trauma is a well-accepted risk factor for the development of mental and somatic diseases. However, chronic stressors not fulfilling the criteria of traumatic experience can have similarly adverse health consequences. While the harmful impact of chronic stressors is generally recognized among researchers, there is a lack of acknowledgment within clinical, political, and societal entities. This becomes evident in the experiences of victims of political repression in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), an authoritarian state in East Germany. Repression in the GDR included covert measures, such as "Zersetzung" (engl: disintegration), consisting of wiretapping, spreading rumors, or provoking failure in professional and social domains. It aimed to systematically undermine the psychosocial integrity of individuals, inducing anxiety, social isolation, and confusion.

Method: This article integrates findings on repression in the GDR with existing trauma and chronic stress literature.

Results: "Zersetzung" shares key features with severe psychosocial chronic stressors. Like trauma, experiencing "Zersetzung" likely dysregulated the biological stress systems, thereby predisposing victims to the health consequences they frequently experience to the present day.

Conclusion: Certain severe chronic stressors, such as "Zersetzung," do not appear to differ in their negative health consequences from Criterion A traumatic events. Identifying the biological and psychological impact of political repression techniques is essential, not only for public acknowledgment, and proper health care of victims of GDR repression, but also for those individuals suffering from similar repression methods today. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:心理创伤是导致精神和躯体疾病的一个公认的危险因素。然而,不符合心理创伤标准的慢性压力也会对健康造成类似的不良后果。虽然研究人员普遍认识到慢性压力源的有害影响,但临床、政治和社会实体对其缺乏认识。这一点在前德意志民主共和国(GDR)(东德的一个专制国家)的政治压迫受害者的经历中显而易见。东德的镇压包括秘密措施,如 "Zersetzung"(英语:瓦解),包括窃听、散布谣言或在职业和社会领域挑起失败。其目的是系统性地破坏个人的社会心理完整性,诱发焦虑、社会孤立和混乱:本文将民主德国的压抑研究成果与现有的创伤和慢性压力文献进行了整合:结果:"Zersetzung "与严重的社会心理慢性压力具有相同的主要特征。与创伤一样,经历过 "Zersetzung "的人很可能会使生物应激系统失调,从而使受害者容易产生至今仍经常经历的健康后果:结论:某些严重的慢性压力,如 "Zersetzung",对健康造成的负面影响似乎与标准 A 型创伤事件并无不同。确定政治压迫手段对生物和心理的影响至关重要,这不仅是为了让公众认识到这一点,并为民主德国压迫受害者提供适当的医疗保健服务,也是为了今天遭受类似压迫手段折磨的人们。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of the four-item very brief University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index screening tool for children and adolescents. 加州大学洛杉矶分校创伤后应激障碍反应指数筛查工具的验证。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001580
Benjamin Oosterhoff, Lauren Alvis, Alan M Steinberg, Robert S Pynoos, Julie B Kaplow

Objective: Experiencing traumatic events places children and adolescents at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often leading to adverse mental health consequences. Although well-validated measures of PTSD are available, very brief screening tools are needed to assess PTSD when resources are limited. This study was conducted to develop and validate the four-item University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5-Very Brief Form (RI-5-VBF) to be used in settings requiring rapid and efficient screening.

Method: Item response theory (IRT) models were used to derive RI-5-VBF scores from the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5 and assess its internal consistency using a sample of 1,785 youth (Mage = 12.32 years, SD = 2.78) seeking support at an academic medical center clinic or bereavement center. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and diagnostic efficiency statistics were used to assess discriminant groups validity and screening utility of the RI-5-VBF scores. Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses were used to examine possible bias across age, gender, race, ethnicity, and clinical setting versus bereavement center setting.

Results: IRT models identified four items with the highest discrimination within each PTSD subscale. The RI-5-VBF scores exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = .74). ROC analyses indicated that an RI-5-VBF score of 9 maximized sensitivity and specificity. DIF analyses did not find evidence of bias across age, gender, race, ethnicity, or clinical versus bereavement center settings.

Conclusion: These findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the RI-5-VBF. Findings highlight the utility of the RI-5-VBF as a brief screening measure for PTSD in children and adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:经历过创伤事件的儿童和青少年有可能患上创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),这往往会对心理健康造成不良影响。虽然创伤后应激障碍的测量方法已经得到了很好的验证,但在资源有限的情况下,还需要非常简短的筛查工具来评估创伤后应激障碍。本研究开发并验证了加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的创伤后应激障碍反应指数(PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5-Very Brief Form,RI-5-VBF),该指数包含四个项目,可用于需要快速有效筛查的场合:方法:使用项目反应理论(IRT)模型从加州大学洛杉矶分校创伤后应激障碍反应指数 DSM-5 中推导出 RI-5-VBF 分数,并使用在学术医疗中心诊所或丧亲中心寻求支持的 1,785 名青少年样本(年龄 = 12.32 岁,SD = 2.78)评估其内部一致性。受试者操作特征(ROC)分析和诊断效率统计用于评估 RI-5-VBF 分数的区分组有效性和筛查效用。差异项目功能(DIF)分析用于检查不同年龄、性别、种族、民族以及临床环境与丧亲中心环境之间可能存在的偏差:IRT 模型确定了创伤后应激障碍各分量表中区分度最高的四个项目。RI-5-VBF 分数显示出可接受的内部一致性(α = .74)。ROC 分析表明,RI-5-VBF 分数为 9 时,灵敏度和特异性最高。DIF分析未发现不同年龄、性别、种族、民族或临床与丧亲中心环境之间存在偏差的证据:这些研究结果为 RI-5-VBF 的可靠性和有效性提供了支持。研究结果凸显了 RI-5-VBF 作为儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍简短筛查量表的实用性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Validation of the four-item very brief University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index screening tool for children and adolescents.","authors":"Benjamin Oosterhoff, Lauren Alvis, Alan M Steinberg, Robert S Pynoos, Julie B Kaplow","doi":"10.1037/tra0001580","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Experiencing traumatic events places children and adolescents at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often leading to adverse mental health consequences. Although well-validated measures of PTSD are available, very brief screening tools are needed to assess PTSD when resources are limited. This study was conducted to develop and validate the four-item University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) PTSD Reaction Index for <i>DSM-5</i>-Very Brief Form (RI-5-VBF) to be used in settings requiring rapid and efficient screening.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Item response theory (IRT) models were used to derive RI-5-VBF scores from the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for <i>DSM-5</i> and assess its internal consistency using a sample of 1,785 youth (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 12.32 years, <i>SD</i> = 2.78) seeking support at an academic medical center clinic or bereavement center. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and diagnostic efficiency statistics were used to assess discriminant groups validity and screening utility of the RI-5-VBF scores. Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses were used to examine possible bias across age, gender, race, ethnicity, and clinical setting versus bereavement center setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IRT models identified four items with the highest discrimination within each PTSD subscale. The RI-5-VBF scores exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = .74). ROC analyses indicated that an RI-5-VBF score of 9 maximized sensitivity and specificity. DIF analyses did not find evidence of bias across age, gender, race, ethnicity, or clinical versus bereavement center settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the RI-5-VBF. Findings highlight the utility of the RI-5-VBF as a brief screening measure for PTSD in children and adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1338-1346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in the networks of complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Chinese college students with childhood trauma. 中国儿童创伤大学生复杂创伤后应激障碍症状网络的变化。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001598
Liuyue Huang, Peilian Chi, Yue Zhao, Yizhen Ren, Kaixin Liang, Xinli Chi

Objective: To advance understanding of the development of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms longitudinally and facilitate future treatments, the present study investigated changes in the network of CPTSD symptoms among Chinese college students with childhood trauma.

Method: A longitudinal study was conducted with college students, following them three times at 3-month intervals. CPTSD symptoms were measured using the International Trauma Questionnaire, and childhood trauma was assessed by the revised Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale. The final sample consisted of 294 participants with childhood trauma at baseline measurement (28.9% were males, Mage = 20.76 years). Comparisons of cross-sectional networks and cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis were performed to characterize the features and changes of interactions among CPTSD symptoms.

Results: Sense of failure and isolation were the core symptoms in the cross-sectional networks of CPTSD symptoms. The comparison of cross-sectional networks indicated that the global network strength was stable, and no node's strength centrality and only one edge weight changed significantly from Time 1 (T1) to Time 3 (T3). The findings of the CLPN model reveal that worthlessness, difficulties with intimacy, and flashbacks have the highest out-expected influence. In the T1-T3 network, the strongest edge was from worthlessness to sense of failure.

Conclusions: Cross-sectional network analyses and comparisons revealed the characteristics of CPTSD networks at multiple time points, while the CLPN analysis identified the longitudinal dynamics of CPTSD symptoms. These provide insights for designing more targeted intervention plans for college students with childhood trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:为了纵向了解复杂创伤后应激障碍(CPTSD)症状的发展,并为未来的治疗提供便利,本研究调查了中国大学生儿童创伤后CPTSD症状网络的变化。方法:对大学生进行纵向研究,每3个月随访3次。使用国际创伤问卷测量CPTSD症状,并使用修订的儿童不良经历量表评估儿童创伤。最终样本包括294名基线测量时有儿童创伤的参与者(28.9%为男性,Mage=20.76岁)。对横断面网络和交叉滞后面板网络(CLPN)分析进行了比较,以表征CPTSD症状之间相互作用的特征和变化。结果:在CPTSD症状的横断面网络中,失败感和孤立感是核心症状。横截面网络的比较表明,从时间1(T1)到时间3(T3),全局网络强度是稳定的,没有节点的强度中心性和只有一个边缘权重发生显著变化。CLPN模型的发现表明,无价值、亲密关系困难和闪回的影响最大。在T1-T3网络中,最强的边缘是从无价值到失败感。结论:横断面网络分析和比较揭示了CPTSD网络在多个时间点的特征,而CLPN分析确定了CPTSD症状的纵向动力学。这些为为有儿童创伤的大学生设计更有针对性的干预计划提供了见解。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting the hidden wound: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence and divorce in Taiwan (2020-2021). 重新审视隐藏的伤口:COVID-19大流行对台湾家庭暴力和离婚的影响(2020-2021年)》。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001539
Yi-Han Chang, Shu-Sen Chang, Susyan Jou, Chia-Yueh Hsu, Kah Kheng Goh

Background: Data from some countries showed a worrisome increase in domestic violence but a paradoxical decrease in divorce during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on domestic violence and divorce in Taiwan in 2020-2021.

Method: Data for reported domestic violence and divorce by month and county/city (2017-2021) were from Taiwan government's registries. We used random-effects negative binomial regression to estimate the rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the observed numbers of domestic violence cases and divorces in 2020-2021 and the expected numbers based on prepandemic trends (2017-2019). We calculated RRs for the two outbreak periods (First: January-May 2020; Second: May-July 2021) and the two postoutbreak periods (First: June 2020-April 2021; Second: August-December 2021) and each month in 2020-2021.

Results: The number of overall domestic violence cases was greater than expected during the first COVID-19 outbreak-a 3% increase (95% CI [0.3%-6%])-and the two postoutbreak periods-a 9% increase ([6%-12%]) and a 12% increase ([8%-16%]), respectively. Intimate partner violence was the main contributor to the increases. The number of divorces was lower than expected throughout the pandemic (a 5%-24% decrease).

Conclusion: Reported domestic violence cases were higher than expected during the pandemic, particularly during the postoutbreak periods when the outbreak control measures were relaxed and people's movement resumed. Tailored prevention and intervention measures may be needed to address the increased vulnerability to domestic violence and restricted access to support during the outbreaks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

背景:一些国家的数据显示,在COVID-19大流行的最初几个月,家庭暴力增加,但离婚率却下降,令人担忧。我们调查了这一流行病对 2020-2021 年台湾家庭暴力和离婚的影响:按月份和县/市分列的家庭暴力和离婚报告数据(2017-2021 年)来自台湾政府登记处。我们使用随机效应负二项回归法估算了 2020-2021 年观察到的家庭暴力和离婚数量与基于疫情爆发前趋势(2017-2019 年)的预期数量之间的比率比 (RR) 及其 95% 置信区间 (CI)。我们计算了两个爆发期(第一期:2020 年 1 月至 5 月;第二期:2021 年 5 月至 7 月)和两个爆发后期(第一期:2020 年 6 月至 2021 年 4 月;第二期:2021 年 8 月至 12 月)以及 2020-2021 年每个月的 RRs:结果:在 COVID-19 第一次疫情爆发期间,家庭暴力案件总数超出预期--增加了 3%(95% CI [0.3%-6%]),而在疫情爆发后的两个时期,则分别增加了 9%([6%-12%])和 12%([8%-16%])。亲密伴侣间的暴力行为是导致离婚率上升的主要原因。在整个疫情期间,离婚数量低于预期(下降 5%-24%):结论:在大流行期间,特别是在疫情爆发后疫情控制措施放松、人们恢复流动的时期,报告的家庭暴力案件高于预期。可能需要采取有针对性的预防和干预措施,以解决在疫情爆发期间人们更容易遭受家庭暴力以及获得支持的途径受到限制的问题。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA,版权所有。)
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引用次数: 0
"The war is here!" anxiety, trauma centrality, and the mediating role of daily stressors in Romanian and Ukrainian civilians. 罗马尼亚和乌克兰平民的 "战争来了!"焦虑、创伤中心化以及日常压力因素的调解作用。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001572
Tudor-Daniel Huțul, Adina Karner-Huțuleac, Andreea Huțul

Objective: The present study investigated the level of anxiety among Ukrainian and Romanian civilians brought about by the war that started in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, using a model for the impact of traumatic experiences. We aimed to test the mediating effect of daily stressors on the relationships between trauma centrality and anxiety.

Method: The research was conducted on a sample of 720 people (24.3% males and 75.7% females, Mage = 35.61, SD = 12.59). Participants were civilians who lived either in Ukraine or outside Ukraine but at a maximum distance of 100 km from the border when the conflict started. They filled out questionnaires that measure anxiety, trauma centrality-indicating how central an event is to an individual's identity and life story, and daily stressors-predisposing factor for negative mental health outcomes.

Results: The outcomes highlighted the direct relationship between trauma centrality and anxiety, but also the mediating effect of daily stressors on the aforementioned relationships (in the overall sample, Ukrainian sample, and Romanian sample). Our research also underlined that there are significant differences in anxiety levels between people who have children and those who do not (in the overall sample and the Ukrainian sample, but not among Romanian civilians).

Conclusions: The present work contributes by enhancing knowledge about the relationships between trauma centrality, daily stressors, and anxiety within a war context, and the particularization of Carlson and Dalenberg's model (2000) in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

研究目的本研究采用创伤经历影响模型,调查了乌克兰和罗马尼亚平民因 2022 年 2 月 24 日在乌克兰爆发的战争而产生的焦虑程度。我们旨在检验日常压力因素对创伤中心性与焦虑之间关系的中介效应:研究对象为 720 人(男性占 24.3%,女性占 75.7%,平均年龄 = 35.61,平均标准偏差 = 12.59)。参与者均为平民,他们居住在乌克兰境内或境外,但在冲突开始时与边境的最大距离为 100 公里。他们填写了调查问卷,以测量焦虑、创伤中心性(表明事件在个人身份和生活经历中的中心程度)和日常压力因素(消极心理健康结果的诱发因素):研究结果表明,创伤中心性与焦虑之间存在直接关系,日常压力因素对上述关系也有中介作用(在总体样本、乌克兰样本和罗马尼亚样本中)。我们的研究还强调,有孩子的人和没有孩子的人在焦虑水平上存在显著差异(在总体样本和乌克兰样本中,但在罗马尼亚平民中没有差异):本研究有助于加深人们对战争背景下创伤中心性、日常压力源和焦虑之间关系的了解,以及卡尔森和达伦伯格模型(2000 年)在俄乌战争背景下的具体化。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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引用次数: 0
Principles for secondary traumatic stress-responsive practice: An expert consensus approach. 二次创伤应激反应实践原则:专家共识方法。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001575
Brian E Bride, Ginny Sprang, Alison Hendricks, Cambria R Walsh, Françoise Mathieu, Karen Hangartner, Leslie A Ross, Patricia Fisher, Brian C Miller

Objective: Though research on secondary traumatic stress (STS) has greatly increased in the past decade, to date the field lacks a coherent set of guiding principles for practice that behavioral health providers and organizations can use to mitigate the occurrence and impact of STS. As such it is important to identify effective strategies, grounded in research and professional experience, to reduce the occurrence and impact of STS among behavioral health professionals and organizations.

Method: We conducted a four-stage modified Delphi survey. Thirty-one international STS experts were invited to participate, with a minimum of 19 responding in each round. Thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data, which was incorporated into revisions of the principles.

Results: Consensus was achieved on 14 principles, seven targeted at individual professionals, and seven targeted at organizations.

Conclusions: This is the first effort to delineate principles for practice intended to reduce the occurrence and impact of STS in individual and organizational practice in behavioral health services. The principles are intended to inform best practices for individuals and organizations providing services to persons and communities who have experienced trauma and thereby improve the quality and effectiveness of services to traumatized populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的:尽管在过去十年中,有关二次创伤压力(STS)的研究大大增加,但迄今为止,该领域还缺乏一套连贯的指导原则,供行为健康服务提供者和机构用于减少 STS 的发生和影响。因此,根据研究和专业经验确定有效的策略,以减少行为健康专业人员和组织中 STS 的发生和影响非常重要:方法:我们进行了四阶段的改良德尔菲调查。我们邀请了 31 位国际 STS 专家参与,每轮至少有 19 位专家做出回应。对定性数据进行了主题分析,并将其纳入原则的修订中:结果:就 14 项原则达成了共识,其中 7 项针对专业人员个人,7 项针对组织机构:这是首次制定实践原则,旨在减少个人和组织在行为健康服务实践中 STS 的发生和影响。这些原则旨在为向经历过创伤的个人和社区提供服务的个人和组织提供最佳实践信息,从而提高向遭受创伤的人群提供服务的质量和有效性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Principles for secondary traumatic stress-responsive practice: An expert consensus approach.","authors":"Brian E Bride, Ginny Sprang, Alison Hendricks, Cambria R Walsh, Françoise Mathieu, Karen Hangartner, Leslie A Ross, Patricia Fisher, Brian C Miller","doi":"10.1037/tra0001575","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Though research on secondary traumatic stress (STS) has greatly increased in the past decade, to date the field lacks a coherent set of guiding principles for practice that behavioral health providers and organizations can use to mitigate the occurrence and impact of STS. As such it is important to identify effective strategies, grounded in research and professional experience, to reduce the occurrence and impact of STS among behavioral health professionals and organizations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a four-stage modified Delphi survey. Thirty-one international STS experts were invited to participate, with a minimum of 19 responding in each round. Thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data, which was incorporated into revisions of the principles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consensus was achieved on 14 principles, seven targeted at individual professionals, and seven targeted at organizations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first effort to delineate principles for practice intended to reduce the occurrence and impact of STS in individual and organizational practice in behavioral health services. The principles are intended to inform best practices for individuals and organizations providing services to persons and communities who have experienced trauma and thereby improve the quality and effectiveness of services to traumatized populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1301-1308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10477446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Leadership in moral awareness: Initial evidence from U.S. Army soldiers returning from deployment. 道德意识领导力:从部署后返回的美国陆军士兵那里获得的初步证据。
IF 2.7 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001551
Ian A Gutierrez, Stephen W Krauss, Amy B Adler

Objective: To determine whether moral awareness leadership moderated the relationship between combat experiences and soldier mental health symptoms following deployment.

Method: The Leadership in Moral Awareness Scale (LIMAS) was evaluated using anonymous surveys completed by 177 U.S. Army National Guardsmen. The survey also assessed general leadership, combat experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. Following factor analyses of the LIMAS, moderated regression models examined interactions between the LIMAS and combat experiences on mental health symptoms.

Results: Six items were selected to comprise the LIMAS. No main effect of the LIMAS was found for mental health variables after adjusting for general leadership. There were significant interaction effects between the LIMAS and combat experiences for depression and anxiety symptoms. Soldiers with higher levels of combat experiences reported fewer mental health symptoms if their leaders were rated highly on the LIMAS.

Conclusions: The LIMAS may offer a useful tool for assessing leader behaviors that can counteract negative mental health outcomes associated with combat. Findings provide support for encouraging leaders to focus on moral awareness during deployment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

目的方法:通过 177 名美国陆军国民警卫队士兵填写的匿名调查问卷,对道德意识领导力量表(LIMAS)进行评估:方法: 使用 177 名美国陆军国民警卫队队员填写的匿名调查表对道德意识领导力量表(LIMAS)进行评估。调查还评估了一般领导力、战斗经历以及创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、焦虑和抑郁症状。在对 LIMAS 进行因素分析后,调节回归模型检验了 LIMAS 和战斗经历对心理健康症状的交互作用:结果:选择了六个项目组成 LIMAS。在对一般领导力进行调整后,没有发现 LIMAS 对心理健康变量产生主效应。在抑郁和焦虑症状方面,LIMAS 和战斗经历之间存在明显的交互效应。如果士兵的领导在 LIMAS 中得到较高的评分,那么战斗经历较多的士兵报告的心理健康症状较少:结论:LIMAS 可以为评估领导者的行为提供有用的工具,这些行为可以抵消与战斗相关的负面心理健康结果。研究结果为鼓励领导者在部署期间注重道德意识提供了支持。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
{"title":"Leadership in moral awareness: Initial evidence from U.S. Army soldiers returning from deployment.","authors":"Ian A Gutierrez, Stephen W Krauss, Amy B Adler","doi":"10.1037/tra0001551","DOIUrl":"10.1037/tra0001551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether moral awareness leadership moderated the relationship between combat experiences and soldier mental health symptoms following deployment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The Leadership in Moral Awareness Scale (LIMAS) was evaluated using anonymous surveys completed by 177 U.S. Army National Guardsmen. The survey also assessed general leadership, combat experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. Following factor analyses of the LIMAS, moderated regression models examined interactions between the LIMAS and combat experiences on mental health symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six items were selected to comprise the LIMAS. No main effect of the LIMAS was found for mental health variables after adjusting for general leadership. There were significant interaction effects between the LIMAS and combat experiences for depression and anxiety symptoms. Soldiers with higher levels of combat experiences reported fewer mental health symptoms if their leaders were rated highly on the LIMAS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The LIMAS may offer a useful tool for assessing leader behaviors that can counteract negative mental health outcomes associated with combat. Findings provide support for encouraging leaders to focus on moral awareness during deployment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20982,"journal":{"name":"Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy","volume":" ","pages":"1233-1237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10435624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy
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