Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy最新文献

Objective: The prevalence of COVID-19-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and insomnia remains high in Chinese adolescents. Existing research suggests strong links between them and the influence of internet addiction (IA) on their development. This study therefore examined a longitudinal network of these psychological symptoms and explored the influence of IA on them.

Method: Analyses included 811 adolescents (M_age = 14.65, SD = 1.77, 44.2% female), and measures were taken at two time points 2 months apart. A cross-lagged panel network model was used to construct a common network of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia to estimate the longitudinal relationship between symptoms. Furthermore, networks of subgroups with different IA levels were compared.

Results: Suicidal ideation at T1 had the strongest predictive effect on other symptoms at T2. Insomnia had the strongest bridging effect, sustaining the coactivation of depression and PTSD symptoms. The similarity between symptom networks across different IA groups was low. However, hyperarousal was strongly predicted by other symptoms in both high and low-level IA groups, respectively.

Conclusions: Findings emphasize the important roles of suicidal ideation and insomnia in the network of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia in adolescents. This may make these symptoms a priority to be considered in interventions. Among adolescents with different levels of IA, the most central symptom varies, suggesting that intervention priorities should vary in groups with different levels of IA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an early risk factor for posttraumatic reactions in youth. Psychological resilience plays a significant role in these processes. However, the role of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) is less known. We aimed to explore how CM and PCEs jointly affect posttraumatic reactions via psychological resilience in young CM survivors.

Method: The participants were 2,669 Chinese youth with CM experiences (53.6% female, 51.2% ≤ 18 years) who completed three-wave assessments over 1 year. We used structural equation modeling to examine the mediating roles of psychological resilience between CM and complex posttraumatic stress symptoms, posttraumatic growth, and posttraumatic depreciation. We also examined the moderating roles of PCEs in the relationship between CM types and psychological resilience.

Results: Psychological resilience mediated the relationship between emotional abuse/PCEs and posttraumatic growth. Moreover, PCEs showed different interactive effects with emotional and sexual abuse on psychological resilience and further influenced posttraumatic growth. With low PCEs, emotional abuse had a positive indirect association with posttraumatic growth. With high PCEs, sexual abuse had a positive indirect association with posttraumatic growth.

Conclusions: CM and PCEs can jointly affect the posttraumatic growth of young CM survivors via psychological resilience. The specific role of PCEs is contingent upon the type of CM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: High levels of traumatic exposure are well-documented in past research within transgender, nonbinary, and gender expansive (TNGE) groups; however, less is known about the levels of traumatic exposure among TNGE Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC) communities.

Method: This exploratory study aimed to examine the prevalence of traumatic exposure in a community sample of 110 TNGE BIPOC who endorsed past-year suicidal ideation. The Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (LEC-5) was utilized to measure traumatic exposure that was personally experienced firsthand and that of general traumatic exposure (i.e., experienced firsthand or vicariously). Descriptive statistics are reported detailing the prevalence of both forms of traumatic exposure.

Results: Findings indicate that the average firsthand traumatic exposure and general traumatic exposure scores for the general sample were on average 4.89 and 10.85 types of events, respectively. The most common types of firsthand traumatic exposure were unwanted sexual experience (69%), other stressful experience (61%), physical assault (55%), sexual assault (45%), and transportation accident (45%). The most common types of general traumatic exposure were unwanted sexual experience (86%), physical assault (85%), transportation accident (81%), sexual assault (77%), and natural disaster (74%).

Conclusion: Findings suggest that the prevalence and nature of traumatic exposure experienced by TNGE BIPOC may be substantially distinct from that of the general population. Replication of this study with a representative sample is warranted to further assess the prevalence of firsthand and vicarious traumatic exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: There are numerous risk factors associated with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), contributing to the heterogeneity of the NSSI population. Differences in characteristics may exist between different subgroups. This study attempted to delineate distinct profiles and intervention strategies tailored to specific subgroups of NSSI.

Method: This cross-sectional survey recruited 96,218 participants from 63 universities in China. All variables were measured using corresponding self-report questionnaires. Latent class analysis was conducted to determine different subgroups of NSSI. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests were conducted to investigate the differences across subgroups. Logistic regression analysis was employed to further examine the relationship between subgroups and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Results: A total of 8,315 (8.6%) participants reported NSSI, mostly aged 18-24 years. Four subgroups were identified. The largest class, Class 2 (3,488 [41.9%]), predominantly faced mental health challenges, followed by low risk in Class 4 (2,558 [30.8%]), childhood trauma combined with mental health problems in Class 1 (1,323 [15.9%]), and childhood neglect in Class 3 (946 [11.4%]). Class 1 reported the highest rates of a history of psychiatric diagnosis (depression [32.5%]) and exhibited the lowest socioeconomic status. In addition, Class 1 showed the highest odds of reporting suicide plans (OR = 2.36; 95% confidence interval [2.02, 2.76]) and attempts (OR = 3.81; 95% confidence interval [3.14, 4.61]).

Conclusions: This study identified four distinct subgroups of NSSI among youths and decoded their unique profiles. Targeted intervention strategies for each subgroup were crucial, particularly in enhancing the identification and treatment of coexisting childhood trauma, mental health problems, and substance abuse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The Posttraumatic Maladaptive Beliefs Scale (PMBS) assesses negative beliefs about self, others, and the world posttrauma. Despite a strong theoretical basis, its three-subscale structure lacked empirical support for its structural validity. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PMBS and assess its applicability across diverse populations.

Method: With 443 trauma-exposed participants, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which revealed an inadequate factor structure. Subsequently, we explored an alternative structure and its applicability across demographics using multigroup CFAs to test measurement invariance.

Results: Initial CFA revealed that the three-subscale structure of the PMBS, based on theoretical conceptualization, had an inadequate fit. Through exploratory factor analyses, an alternative eight-item, two-factor model was derived using Subsample 1 (n = 222). The validity of this model was further confirmed through CFA on a separate Subsample 2 (n = 221). The scale was renamed as the Brief version of the Posttraumatic Maladaptive Beliefs Scale (B-PMBS). The B-PMBS demonstrated sound convergent and divergent validity with variables such as the number of traumatic events, their perceived impact, event centrality, resilience, and core self-evaluation. It also showed factorial invariance across various demographic groups, including gender, race, and disability status.

Conclusions: These findings challenge the structural validity of the original PMBS and support the psychometric validity of the B-PMBS across diverse populations. Its reliability and brevity make the B-PMBS a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers seeking to identify and address posttraumatic cognitions in various settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This study investigated sex differences in the codevelopment trajectories and temporal associations of emotional self-disclosure and internalizing problems in Chinese adolescents.

Method: Three hundred ninety-two adolescents (age: M = 15.02, SD = 1.61) completed self-report questionnaires 12 months (T1), 21 months (Time 2 [T2]), and 27 months (T3) after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake that occurred on August 8, 2017. We conducted parallel process latent growth modeling and constructed cross-lagged panel models with sex as a grouping variable.

Results: The results showed that emotional self-disclosure increased overtime for girls and internalizing problems were stable for both boys and girls. For boys, emotional self-disclosure at T1 and T2 was negatively associated with internalizing problems at T2 and T3; internalizing problems at T2 were negatively associated with emotional self-disclosure at T3. For girls, internalizing problems at T1 and T2 were negatively associated with emotional self-disclosure at T2 and T3.

Conclusions: The results indicated that emotional self-disclosure showed a clear healing effect only for boys, whereas for girls, higher internalizing problems related to suppressed emotional self-disclosure. These findings suggested that interventions could focus on promoting emotional self-disclosure for boys and focus on the relief of internalizing symptoms for girls. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Experiences of racism have been linked to increased race-based traumatic stress symptoms. However, studies in this area have not focused solely on Chinese individuals in North America, such as those in the United States and Canada. Furthermore, little is known about protective factors that may buffer the adverse impact of racism on race-based traumatic stress symptoms. Addressing these limitations, this study examined (a) the relationship between racism and race-based traumatic stress symptoms and (b) the protective role of both individual and collective resilience in the association between racism and race-based traumatic stress symptoms among people of Chinese heritage in Canada.

Method: A community sample of 367 Chinese heritage in Canada (M_age = 33.9; 46.59% women) completed self-report questionnaires.

Results: Moderation analyses using SPSS PROCESS Model 1 showed that greater experiences of racism were significantly associated with increased race-based traumatic stress symptoms. Collective resilience, but not individual resilience, buffered the adverse effects of racism on race-based traumatic stress symptoms.

Conclusion: This study enhances the understanding of race-based traumatic stress among Chinese individuals and highlights the need to foster collective resilience and community-based support systems for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Past time perspective reflects concentration on past events and situations, which could affect the relationship between past adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Thus, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of past time perspective as moderated by recent negative events in the link between ACEs and PTSS among emerging adults.

Method: Using a longitudinal research design in the Chinese college population (n = 585, 18-25 years, 73.5% females), the study investigated (a) the mediating role of past time perspectives in the ACEs-PTSS link and (b) the moderating effects of negative life events in the ACEs-PTSS link via past time perspectives.

Results: ACEs were positively associated with PTSS via higher past negative time perspectives and that negative life events moderated both the direct effect of ACE on PTSS and its mediation effect via past negative time perspectives. Specifically, individuals with higher levels of negative life events have a stronger direct effect of ACEs on PTSS but less indirect effect of ACEs on PTSS through past negative time perspectives.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the importance of examining both the mediating and moderating mechanisms that underlie the relationship between ACEs and PTSS. Such knowledge can inform interventions that target individuals under different stress levels to prevent PTSS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Previous studies have investigated various factors influencing postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD). However, limited understanding exists regarding the network structure and interconnections among symptoms of PP-PTSD. This study aims to explore the complex relationship by applying network analysis among postpartum women in Shanghai, China.

Method: A total of 2,552 postpartum women completed the online questionnaire using the 14-item Chinese version of the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire. For network analysis, 671 individuals were meticulously chosen from the upper quartile of the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire scores, representing the top 25% (cutoff score ≥ 9). Subsequently, Walktrap cluster detection, a method for identifying clusters in networks, was performed on the estimated networks. Additionally, Network Comparison Tests were conducted to examine the variations among individuals based on parity and mode of birth.

Results: The symptoms "distant" (Item 8, felt isolated and disconnected from others) and "numb" (Item 9, had difficulty showing tenderness or love toward others) were found to be the most central and exhibited the strongest correlation (r partial = 0.373). This study identified three symptom clusters: "reexperiencing and avoidance" symptom cluster, "negative alterations in cognitions and mood and arousal" symptom cluster, and "hyper and guilt" symptom cluster.

Conclusions: To mitigate PP-PTSD among postpartum women, effective strategies targeting the central symptoms of "distant" and "numb" are crucial. Prioritizing interventions that address these key symptoms can enhance overall treatment and support effectiveness for individuals with PP-PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Event centrality, identity, and trauma type may impact the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although extant literature is still in nascent stages, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Method: This study examined the direct and indirect effects of event centrality, identity, and trauma type on PTSD among 276 college students in India (M_age = 19.05, SD = 0.91) analyzed using bivariate correlation and mediation analysis using a single group, cross-sectional, exploratory design. Trauma History Questionnaire, Centrality of Events Scale (CES), PTSD Checklist-Civilian-5, and Severity Indices in Personality Problems were used.

Results: Event centrality showed strong correlation (ρ = .798) while self-control showed moderate correlation (ρ = .45) with PTSD symptoms. General disasters were found to be highly correlated with event centrality (ρ = .69) and PTSD symptoms (ρ = .68), while traumatic physical and sexual experiences were moderately correlated (CES: ρ = .42 and PTSD: ρ = .50). Indirect effects were mediated by event centrality and self-control between general disasters and PTSD symptoms (CES: β = 2.85, SE = 0.36, p < .001; self-control: β = 0.61, SE = 0.20, p < .01) and traumatic physical and sexual experiences and PTSD symptoms (CES: β = 1.92, SE = 0.62, p < .005; self-control: β = 01.05, SE = 0.43, p < .05). Direct effects were found between traumatic physical and sexual experiences and PTSD symptoms (β = 4.50, SE = 0.85, p < .001).

Conclusions: Event centrality and self-control may indirectly mediate the relationship between trauma type and PTSD symptoms. The implications for developing event centrality-focused interventions for PTSD targeting self-control are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).