Emanuela Maresca, Martina Aulitto, Patrizia Contursi
Bacillus coagulans, recently renamed Weizmannia coagulans, is a spore-forming bacterium that has garnered significant interest across various research fields, ranging from health to industrial applications. The probiotic properties of W. coagulans enhance intestinal digestion, by releasing prebiotic molecules including enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of not-digestible carbohydrates. Notably, some enzymes from W. coagulans extend beyond digestive functions, serving as valuable biotechnological tools and contributing to more sustainable and efficient manufacturing processes. Furthermore, the homofermentative thermophilic nature of W. coagulans renders it an exceptional candidate for fermenting foods and lignocellulosic residues into L-(+)-lactic acid. In this review, we provide an overview of the dual nature of W. coagulans, in functional foods and for the development of bio-based materials.
{"title":"Harnessing the dual nature of W. coagulans for sustainable production of biomaterials and development of functional food","authors":"Emanuela Maresca, Martina Aulitto, Patrizia Contursi","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Bacillus coagulans</i>, recently renamed <i>Weizmannia coagulans</i>, is a spore-forming bacterium that has garnered significant interest across various research fields, ranging from health to industrial applications. The probiotic properties of <i>W. coagulans</i> enhance intestinal digestion, by releasing prebiotic molecules including enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of not-digestible carbohydrates. Notably, some enzymes from <i>W. coagulans</i> extend beyond digestive functions, serving as valuable biotechnological tools and contributing to more sustainable and efficient manufacturing processes. Furthermore, the homofermentative thermophilic nature of <i>W. coagulans</i> renders it an exceptional candidate for fermenting foods and lignocellulosic residues into L-(+)-lactic acid. In this review, we provide an overview of the dual nature of <i>W. coagulans</i>, in functional foods and for the development of bio-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacteriophage endolysin is a novel antibacterial agent that has attracted much attention in the prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria due to its unique mechanism of hydrolysing peptidoglycans. Although endolysin exhibits excellent bactericidal effects on Gram-positive bacteria, the presence of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria makes it difficult to lyse them extracellularly, thus limiting their application field. To enhance the extracellular activity of endolysin and facilitate its crossing through the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, researchers have adopted physical, chemical, and molecular methods. This review summarizes the characterization of endolysin targeting Gram-negative bacteria, strategies for endolysin modification, and the challenges and future of engineering endolysin against Gram-negative bacteria in clinical applications, to promote the application of endolysin in the prevention and control of Gram-negative bacteria.
{"title":"Engineering strategies and challenges of endolysin as an antibacterial agent against Gram-negative bacteria","authors":"Tianyu Zheng, Can Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacteriophage endolysin is a novel antibacterial agent that has attracted much attention in the prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria due to its unique mechanism of hydrolysing peptidoglycans. Although endolysin exhibits excellent bactericidal effects on Gram-positive bacteria, the presence of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria makes it difficult to lyse them extracellularly, thus limiting their application field. To enhance the extracellular activity of endolysin and facilitate its crossing through the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, researchers have adopted physical, chemical, and molecular methods. This review summarizes the characterization of endolysin targeting Gram-negative bacteria, strategies for endolysin modification, and the challenges and future of engineering endolysin against Gram-negative bacteria in clinical applications, to promote the application of endolysin in the prevention and control of Gram-negative bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fate of organic matter in the environment, including anthropogenic chemicals, is largely predicated on the enzymatic capabilities of microorganisms. Microbes readily degrade, and thus recycle, most of the ~100,000 commercial chemicals used in modern society. Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS) are different. Many research papers posit that the general resistance of PFAS to microbial degradation is based in chemistry and that argument relates to the strength of the C–F bond. Here, I advance the opinion that the low biodegradability of PFAS is best formulated as a biological optimization problem, hence evolution. The framing of the problem is important. If it is framed around C–F bond strength, the major effort should focus on finding and engineering new C–F cleaving enzymes. The alternative, and preferred approach suggested here, is to focus on the directed evolution of biological systems containing known C–F cleaving systems. There are now reports of bacteria degrading and/or growing on multiply fluorinated arenes, alkenoic and alkanoic acids. The impediment to more efficient and widespread biodegradation in these systems is biological, not chemical. The rationale for this argument is made in the five sections below that follow the Introduction.
{"title":"Evolutionary obstacles and not C–F bond strength make PFAS persistent","authors":"Lawrence P. Wackett","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fate of organic matter in the environment, including anthropogenic chemicals, is largely predicated on the enzymatic capabilities of microorganisms. Microbes readily degrade, and thus recycle, most of the ~100,000 commercial chemicals used in modern society. Per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS) are different. Many research papers posit that the general resistance of PFAS to microbial degradation is based in chemistry and that argument relates to the strength of the C–F bond. Here, I advance the opinion that the low biodegradability of PFAS is best formulated as a biological optimization problem, hence evolution. The framing of the problem is important. If it is framed around C–F bond strength, the major effort should focus on finding and engineering new C–F cleaving enzymes. The alternative, and preferred approach suggested here, is to focus on the directed evolution of biological systems containing known C–F cleaving systems. There are now reports of bacteria degrading and/or growing on multiply fluorinated arenes, alkenoic and alkanoic acids. The impediment to more efficient and widespread biodegradation in these systems is biological, not chemical. The rationale for this argument is made in the five sections below that follow the Introduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoë A. P. Williams, Leonie Lang, Sarah Nicolas, Gerard Clarke, John Cryan, David Vauzour, Yvonne M. Nolan
Alzheimer's disease is a complex and progressive condition that affects essential neurological functions such as memory and reasoning. In the brain, neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, proteinopathy, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. In addition, recent evidence has highlighted that microbes, whether commensal or pathogenic, also have the ability to interact with their host and to regulate its immune system, therefore participating in the exchanges that lead to peripheral inflammation and neuropathology. Because of this intimate relationship, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa have been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we bring together current and most recent evidence of the role of microbes in Alzheimer's disease, raising burning questions that need to be addressed to guide therapeutic approaches and potential prophylactic strategies.
{"title":"Do microbes play a role in Alzheimer's disease?","authors":"Zoë A. P. Williams, Leonie Lang, Sarah Nicolas, Gerard Clarke, John Cryan, David Vauzour, Yvonne M. Nolan","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease is a complex and progressive condition that affects essential neurological functions such as memory and reasoning. In the brain, neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, proteinopathy, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. In addition, recent evidence has highlighted that microbes, whether commensal or pathogenic, also have the ability to interact with their host and to regulate its immune system, therefore participating in the exchanges that lead to peripheral inflammation and neuropathology. Because of this intimate relationship, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa have been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we bring together current and most recent evidence of the role of microbes in Alzheimer's disease, raising burning questions that need to be addressed to guide therapeutic approaches and potential prophylactic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastics pollution has become one of the greatest concerns of the 21st century. To date, around 10 billion tons of plastics have been produced almost exclusively from non-renewable sources, and of these, <10% have been recycled. The majority of discarded plastic waste (>70%) is accumulating in landfills or the environment, causing severe impacts to natural ecosystems and human health. Considering how plastics are present in every aspect of our daily lives, it is evident that a transition towards a Circular Economy of plastics is essential to achieve several of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this editorial, we highlight how microbial biotechnology can contribute to this shift, with a special focus on the biological recycling of conventional plastics and the upcycling of plastic-waste feedstocks into new value-added products. Although important hurdles will need to be overcome in this endeavour, recent success stories highlight how interdisciplinary approaches can bring us closer to a bio-based economy for the sustainable management of plastics.
{"title":"Plastics and the Sustainable Development Goals: From waste to wealth with microbial recycling and upcycling","authors":"Marco A. Pereyra-Camacho, Isabel Pardo","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastics pollution has become one of the greatest concerns of the 21st century. To date, around 10 billion tons of plastics have been produced almost exclusively from non-renewable sources, and of these, <10% have been recycled. The majority of discarded plastic waste (>70%) is accumulating in landfills or the environment, causing severe impacts to natural ecosystems and human health. Considering how plastics are present in every aspect of our daily lives, it is evident that a transition towards a Circular Economy of plastics is essential to achieve several of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this editorial, we highlight how microbial biotechnology can contribute to this shift, with a special focus on the biological recycling of conventional plastics and the upcycling of plastic-waste feedstocks into new value-added products. Although important hurdles will need to be overcome in this endeavour, recent success stories highlight how interdisciplinary approaches can bring us closer to a bio-based economy for the sustainable management of plastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140537529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria-Isabel Recio, Jesús de la Torre, Abdelali Daddaoua, Zulema Udaondo, Estrella Duque, José Antonio Gavira, Carmen López-Sánchez, Juan L. Ramos
Acid phosphatases are enzymes that play a crucial role in the hydrolysis of various organophosphorous molecules. A putative acid phosphatase called FS6 was identified using genetic profiles and sequences from different environments. FS6 showed high sequence similarity to type C acid phosphatases and retained more than 30% of consensus residues in its protein sequence. A histidine-tagged recombinant FS6 produced in Escherichia coli exhibited extremophile properties, functioning effectively in a broad pH range between 3.5 and 8.5. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at temperatures between 25 and 50°C, with a melting temperature of 51.6°C. Kinetic parameters were determined using various substrates, and the reaction catalysed by FS6 with physiological substrates was at least 100-fold more efficient than with p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Furthermore, FS6 was found to be a decamer in solution, unlike the dimeric forms of crystallized proteins in its family.
{"title":"Characterization of an extremophile bacterial acid phosphatase derived from metagenomics analysis","authors":"Maria-Isabel Recio, Jesús de la Torre, Abdelali Daddaoua, Zulema Udaondo, Estrella Duque, José Antonio Gavira, Carmen López-Sánchez, Juan L. Ramos","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acid phosphatases are enzymes that play a crucial role in the hydrolysis of various organophosphorous molecules. A putative acid phosphatase called FS6 was identified using genetic profiles and sequences from different environments. FS6 showed high sequence similarity to type C acid phosphatases and retained more than 30% of consensus residues in its protein sequence. A histidine-tagged recombinant FS6 produced in <i>Escherichia coli</i> exhibited extremophile properties, functioning effectively in a broad pH range between 3.5 and 8.5. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at temperatures between 25 and 50°C, with a melting temperature of 51.6°C. Kinetic parameters were determined using various substrates, and the reaction catalysed by FS6 with physiological substrates was at least 100-fold more efficient than with <i>p-</i>nitrophenyl phosphate. Furthermore, FS6 was found to be a decamer in solution, unlike the dimeric forms of crystallized proteins in its family.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140537530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theo Obrador-Viel, Vinko Zadjelovic, Balbina Nogales, Rafael Bosch, Joseph A. Christie-Oleza
Plastics are versatile materials that have the potential to propel humanity towards circularity and ultimate societal sustainability. However, the escalating concern surrounding plastic pollution has garnered significant attention, leading to widespread negative perceptions of these materials. Here, we question the role microbes may play in plastic pollution bioremediation by (i) defining polymer biodegradability (i.e., recalcitrant, hydrolysable and biodegradable polymers) and (ii) reviewing best practices for evaluating microbial biodegradation of plastics. We establish recommendations to facilitate the implementation of rigorous methodologies in future studies on plastic biodegradation, aiming to push this field towards the use of isotopic labelling to confirm plastic biodegradation and further determine the molecular mechanisms involved.
{"title":"Assessing microbial plastic degradation requires robust methods","authors":"Theo Obrador-Viel, Vinko Zadjelovic, Balbina Nogales, Rafael Bosch, Joseph A. Christie-Oleza","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14457","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastics are versatile materials that have the potential to propel humanity towards circularity and ultimate societal sustainability. However, the escalating concern surrounding plastic pollution has garnered significant attention, leading to widespread negative perceptions of these materials. Here, we question the role microbes may play in plastic pollution bioremediation by (i) defining polymer biodegradability (i.e., recalcitrant, hydrolysable and biodegradable polymers) and (ii) reviewing best practices for evaluating microbial biodegradation of plastics. We establish recommendations to facilitate the implementation of rigorous methodologies in future studies on plastic biodegradation, aiming to push this field towards the use of isotopic labelling to confirm plastic biodegradation and further determine the molecular mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioplastics, comprised of bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers, have the potential to play a crucial role in the transition towards a sustainable circular economy. The use of biodegradable polymers not only leads to reduced greenhouse gas emissions but also might address the problem of plastic waste persisting in the environment, especially when removal is challenging. Nevertheless, biodegradable plastics should not be considered as substitutes for proper waste management practices, given that their biodegradability strongly depends on environmental conditions. Among the challenges hindering the sustainable implementation of bioplastics in the market, the development of effective downstream recycling routes is imperative, given the increasing production volumes of these materials. Here, we discuss about the most advisable end-of-life scenarios for bioplastics. Various recycling strategies, including mechanical, chemical or biological (both enzymatic and microbial) approaches, should be considered. Employing enzymes as biocatalysts emerges as a more selective and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical recycling, allowing the production of new bioplastics and added value and high-quality products. Other pending concerns for industrial implementation of bioplastics include misinformation among end users, the lack of a standardised bioplastic labelling, unclear life cycle assessment guidelines and the need for higher financial investments. Although further research and development efforts are essential to foster the sustainable and widespread application of bioplastics, significant strides have already been made in this direction.
{"title":"Can bioplastics always offer a truly sustainable alternative to fossil-based plastics?","authors":"Lara Serrano-Aguirre, M. Auxiliadora Prieto","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioplastics, comprised of bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers, have the potential to play a crucial role in the transition towards a sustainable circular economy. The use of biodegradable polymers not only leads to reduced greenhouse gas emissions but also might address the problem of plastic waste persisting in the environment, especially when removal is challenging. Nevertheless, biodegradable plastics should not be considered as substitutes for proper waste management practices, given that their biodegradability strongly depends on environmental conditions. Among the challenges hindering the sustainable implementation of bioplastics in the market, the development of effective downstream recycling routes is imperative, given the increasing production volumes of these materials. Here, we discuss about the most advisable end-of-life scenarios for bioplastics. Various recycling strategies, including mechanical, chemical or biological (both enzymatic and microbial) approaches, should be considered. Employing enzymes as biocatalysts emerges as a more selective and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical recycling, allowing the production of new bioplastics and added value and high-quality products. Other pending concerns for industrial implementation of bioplastics include misinformation among end users, the lack of a standardised bioplastic labelling, unclear life cycle assessment guidelines and the need for higher financial investments. Although further research and development efforts are essential to foster the sustainable and widespread application of bioplastics, significant strides have already been made in this direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rina Su, Ying Liang, Hu Chen, Neha Sheoran, Wencan Ke, Jie Bai, Mengya Jia, Jie Zhu, Qiang Li, Qi Liu, Xiaojun Chen, Xusheng Guo
This study investigates the effectiveness of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75) alone or in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the fermentation characteristics, antioxidant capacities and microbial community successions of oat silage stored at various temperatures. A rapid decrease in pH and lactic acid accumulation was observed in silages treated with L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae (LS) as early as 3 days of ensiling (p < 0.05). Over the ensiling period of 7–60 days, L. plantarum (L)-inoculated groups showed the lowest pH, lowest ammonia nitrogen and the highest amount of lactic acid regardless of the storage temperatures. When the oat silage was stored at 15°C, LS-inoculated group exhibited a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than control and L-inoculated group. Furthermore, the proportion of Lactiplantibacillus in the combined inoculation group increased by 65.42% compared to the L-inoculated group (33.26%). Fungal community data revealed abundant Penicillium carneum in the control and L-inoculated groups stored at 15°C. Conclusively, these results showed that combined inoculation of L. plantarum L75 and S. cerevisiae improved the fermentation quality of oat silage at 15°C, thus proposing a technique for enhancing the fermentation quality of silage in regions with low temperatures during harvest season.
本研究探讨了单独使用或与酿酒酵母菌联合使用产生外多糖(EPS)的菌株(植物乳杆菌 L75)对不同温度下贮藏的燕麦青贮饲料的发酵特性、抗氧化能力和微生物群落序列的影响。使用植物酵母菌和酿酒酵母菌(LS)处理的青贮饲料在贮藏 3 天后 pH 值和乳酸积累迅速下降(p < 0.05)。在 7-60 天的贮藏期间,无论贮藏温度如何,接种植物乳杆菌(L)的组显示出最低的 pH 值、最低的氨氮和最高的乳酸量。当燕麦青贮饲料储存在 15°C 时,LS 接种组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性高于对照组和 L 接种组。此外,与 L 接种组(33.26%)相比,联合接种组中的 Lactiplantibacillus 比例增加了 65.42%。真菌群落数据显示,在 15°C 下储存的对照组和接种 L 组中都有大量的卡氏青霉。这些结果表明,联合接种 L. plantarum L75 和 S. cerevisiae 提高了燕麦青贮饲料在 15°C 下的发酵质量,从而提出了一种在收获季节低温地区提高青贮饲料发酵质量的技术。
{"title":"Investigating the efficacy of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L75 on oat silage fermentation at different temperatures","authors":"Rina Su, Ying Liang, Hu Chen, Neha Sheoran, Wencan Ke, Jie Bai, Mengya Jia, Jie Zhu, Qiang Li, Qi Liu, Xiaojun Chen, Xusheng Guo","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14454","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effectiveness of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain (<i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> L75) alone or in combination with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> on the fermentation characteristics, antioxidant capacities and microbial community successions of oat silage stored at various temperatures. A rapid decrease in pH and lactic acid accumulation was observed in silages treated with <i>L. plantarum</i> and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> (LS) as early as 3 days of ensiling (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Over the ensiling period of 7–60 days, <i>L. plantarum</i> (L)-inoculated groups showed the lowest pH, lowest ammonia nitrogen and the highest amount of lactic acid regardless of the storage temperatures. When the oat silage was stored at 15°C, LS-inoculated group exhibited a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than control and L-inoculated group. Furthermore, the proportion of <i>Lactiplantibacillus</i> in the combined inoculation group increased by 65.42% compared to the L-inoculated group (33.26%). Fungal community data revealed abundant <i>Penicillium carneum</i> in the control and L-inoculated groups stored at 15°C. Conclusively, these results showed that combined inoculation of <i>L. plantarum</i> L75 and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> improved the fermentation quality of oat silage at 15°C, thus proposing a technique for enhancing the fermentation quality of silage in regions with low temperatures during harvest season.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Heffernan, R. Axayactl Garcia Gonzalez, Vishnu Mahamkali, Tim McCubbin, Dara Daygon, Lian Liu, Robin Palfreyman, Audrey Harris, Michael Koepke, Kaspar Valgepea, Lars Keld Nielsen, Esteban Marcellin
Gas fermentation of CO2 and H2 is an attractive means to sustainably produce fuels and chemicals. Clostridium autoethanogenum is a model organism for industrial CO to ethanol and presents an opportunity for CO2-to-ethanol processes. As we have previously characterized its CO2/H2 chemostat growth, here we use adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with the aim of improving growth with CO2/H2. Seven ALE lineages were generated, all with improved specific growth rates. ALE conducted in the presence of 2% CO along with CO2/H2 generated Evolved lineage D, which showed the highest ethanol titres amongst all the ALE lineages during the fermentation of CO2/H2. Chemostat comparison against the parental strain shows no change in acetate or ethanol production, while Evolved D could achieve a higher maximum dilution rate. Multi-omics analyses at steady state revealed that Evolved D has widespread proteome and intracellular metabolome changes. However, the uptake and production rates and titres remain unaltered until investigating their maximum dilution rate. Yet, we provide numerous insights into CO2/H2 metabolism via these multi-omics data and link these results to mutations, suggesting novel targets for metabolic engineering in this bacterium.
二氧化碳和 H2 的气体发酵是一种有吸引力的可持续生产燃料和化学品的方法。自乙醇梭菌是工业二氧化碳制乙醇的模式生物,为二氧化碳制乙醇工艺提供了机会。由于我们之前已经描述了它在 CO2/H2 恒温培养箱中的生长特性,因此在这里我们使用了适应性实验室进化(ALE),目的是改善 CO2/H2 的生长。我们生成了七个 ALE 品系,它们的特定生长率都有所提高。在存在 2% CO 和 CO2/H2 的情况下进行的适应性实验室进化产生了进化品系 D,它在 CO2/H2 发酵过程中显示出所有适应性实验室进化品系中最高的乙醇滴度。与亲本菌株进行的恒温培养比较显示,乙酸盐或乙醇产量没有变化,而进化株 D 的最大稀释率更高。稳定状态下的多组学分析表明,进化 D 的蛋白质组和胞内代谢组发生了广泛变化。然而,在研究其最大稀释率之前,其吸收率、生产率和滴度保持不变。然而,我们通过这些多组学数据深入了解了二氧化碳/氢气代谢,并将这些结果与突变联系起来,为该细菌的代谢工程提出了新的目标。
{"title":"Adaptive laboratory evolution of Clostridium autoethanogenum to metabolize CO2 and H2 enhances growth rates in chemostat and unravels proteome and metabolome alterations","authors":"James Heffernan, R. Axayactl Garcia Gonzalez, Vishnu Mahamkali, Tim McCubbin, Dara Daygon, Lian Liu, Robin Palfreyman, Audrey Harris, Michael Koepke, Kaspar Valgepea, Lars Keld Nielsen, Esteban Marcellin","doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.14452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14452","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gas fermentation of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> is an attractive means to sustainably produce fuels and chemicals. <i>Clostridium autoethanogenum</i> is a model organism for industrial CO to ethanol and presents an opportunity for CO<sub>2</sub>-to-ethanol processes. As we have previously characterized its CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> chemostat growth, here we use adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with the aim of improving growth with CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>. Seven ALE lineages were generated, all with improved specific growth rates. ALE conducted in the presence of 2% CO along with CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> generated Evolved lineage D, which showed the highest ethanol titres amongst all the ALE lineages during the fermentation of CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>. Chemostat comparison against the parental strain shows no change in acetate or ethanol production, while Evolved D could achieve a higher maximum dilution rate. Multi-omics analyses at steady state revealed that Evolved D has widespread proteome and intracellular metabolome changes. However, the uptake and production rates and titres remain unaltered until investigating their maximum dilution rate. Yet, we provide numerous insights into CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> metabolism via these multi-omics data and link these results to mutations, suggesting novel targets for metabolic engineering in this bacterium.</p>","PeriodicalId":209,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1751-7915.14452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}