Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2021030
Marc Benderitter, E. H. Reyes, M. Benadjaoud, F. Vanhavere, N. Impens, U. Mayerhofer-Sebera, M. Hierath, J. Jourdain, Guy Frija, J. Repussard
MEDIRAD (Implications of Medical Low Dose Radiation Exposure) is an innovative European research project funded by EURATOM which seeks to bring closer together the nuclear and medical research communities in order to advance science for radiation protection in radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, and diagnostic and interventional radiology. The project also aims to promote links between science and society, with the goal of better protecting patients and professionals, through the publication of recommendations based on MEDIRAD research findings (http://www.medirad-project.eu/). The MEDIRAD Stakeholder Forum (SF) was designed to set up a dialogue between the Consortium member organisations and the society regarding the recommendations, which are expected from this project. We envisage three successive steps in this dialogue (1: first SF consultation identifying the needs for improved medical radiological protection; 2: drafting science based MEDIRAD recommendation and 3: second SF consultation to collect feedback), which are implemented throughout the project. A first overview of input of the Stakeholder Forum about the topics to be addressed in the MEDIRAD recommendations, based on an exploratory questionnaire, is presented in this article. Quantitative and qualitative in-depth analysis leads to the identification of 11 priority thematics.
{"title":"MEDIRAD formulation of science-based recommendations for medical radiation protection: a stakeholder forum survey","authors":"Marc Benderitter, E. H. Reyes, M. Benadjaoud, F. Vanhavere, N. Impens, U. Mayerhofer-Sebera, M. Hierath, J. Jourdain, Guy Frija, J. Repussard","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2021030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021030","url":null,"abstract":"MEDIRAD (Implications of Medical Low Dose Radiation Exposure) is an innovative European research project funded by EURATOM which seeks to bring closer together the nuclear and medical research communities in order to advance science for radiation protection in radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, and diagnostic and interventional radiology. The project also aims to promote links between science and society, with the goal of better protecting patients and professionals, through the publication of recommendations based on MEDIRAD research findings (http://www.medirad-project.eu/). The MEDIRAD Stakeholder Forum (SF) was designed to set up a dialogue between the Consortium member organisations and the society regarding the recommendations, which are expected from this project. We envisage three successive steps in this dialogue (1: first SF consultation identifying the needs for improved medical radiological protection; 2: drafting science based MEDIRAD recommendation and 3: second SF consultation to collect feedback), which are implemented throughout the project. A first overview of input of the Stakeholder Forum about the topics to be addressed in the MEDIRAD recommendations, based on an exploratory questionnaire, is presented in this article. Quantitative and qualitative in-depth analysis leads to the identification of 11 priority thematics.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90607616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2021032
M. Bourguignon
{"title":"Le déclin de la recherche en France : la radioprotection ne fait pas exception ?","authors":"M. Bourguignon","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2021032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80986376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021017
J. Rezapour, A. Mostear, A. Tarighatnia, F. Falahati, S. M. Hosseini, G. Johal, N. Nader, L. Dastranj, R. Abedi-Firouzjah
Evaluating the patient dose or exposure parameters considering the image quality can improve the chances of accurate diagnosis and reduce the unnecessary exposures from medical devices such as mammography. This study aimed to evaluate digital and conventional mammography machines while considering the trade-off between image quality and mean glandular dose (MGD) using a phantom. In the present study, one full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and two film-screen mammography (FSM) machines were investigated. The MGD values and image quality were assessed using the American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom at various mAs and constant kVp values. The results were obtained and compared with European guidelines. Friedman and Wilcoxon statistical tests were used to show the comparison. The results from the quality control (QC) tests demonstrated that all machines are functioning well. The best image quality in the digital mammography machine was observed at the MGD of 1.8 mGy and 55 mAs. In addition, the two conventional machines had the best image quality regarding the imaging of the ACR phantom at 65 mAs with an MGD of 2.1 mGy. These values were considered as appropriate values for the studied mammography systems. Furthermore, the Friedman test demonstrated that there are significant differences between the measured image quality values obtained from the different machines (p < 0.05), however, according to the Wilcoxon test there were not any significant differences between the conventional machines at various mAs values. Owing to the results, for a medium breast size, the image quality will not be improved with increasing the exposure after a specified MGD corresponds to a certain mAs. It is notable that this value is smaller in digital mammography system at a reasonably low dose.
{"title":"Trade-off between breast mean glandular dose and image quality in digital and conventional mammogram systems: A multicenter study","authors":"J. Rezapour, A. Mostear, A. Tarighatnia, F. Falahati, S. M. Hosseini, G. Johal, N. Nader, L. Dastranj, R. Abedi-Firouzjah","doi":"10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021017","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the patient dose or exposure parameters considering the image quality can improve the chances of accurate diagnosis and reduce the unnecessary exposures from medical devices such as mammography. This study aimed to evaluate digital and conventional mammography machines while considering the trade-off between image quality and mean glandular dose (MGD) using a phantom. In the present study, one full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and two film-screen mammography (FSM) machines were investigated. The MGD values and image quality were assessed using the American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom at various mAs and constant kVp values. The results were obtained and compared with European guidelines. Friedman and Wilcoxon statistical tests were used to show the comparison. The results from the quality control (QC) tests demonstrated that all machines are functioning well. The best image quality in the digital mammography machine was observed at the MGD of 1.8 mGy and 55 mAs. In addition, the two conventional machines had the best image quality regarding the imaging of the ACR phantom at 65 mAs with an MGD of 2.1 mGy. These values were considered as appropriate values for the studied mammography systems. Furthermore, the Friedman test demonstrated that there are significant differences between the measured image quality values obtained from the different machines (p < 0.05), however, according to the Wilcoxon test there were not any significant differences between the conventional machines at various mAs values. Owing to the results, for a medium breast size, the image quality will not be improved with increasing the exposure after a specified MGD corresponds to a certain mAs. It is notable that this value is smaller in digital mammography system at a reasonably low dose.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84222384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2021018
S. Andresz, F. Kabrt, M. Sáez-Muñoz, O. Nusrat, C. Papp
The measures implemented to limit the spread of Covid-19 have brought many challenges on the work organization, the radiation protection being no exception. The IRPA Young Generation Network has investigated through a collection of testimonies the impacts of these measures and how the continuity and consistency of radiation protection was ensured. This article presents the results of the analysis of the testimonies. The impacts of the Covid-19 for each of the radiation protection related sectors covered by the survey are presented from a young generation perspective. The impacts are never negligible and even more important in some sectors and for some type of work. The adaptations made to the radiation protection and how they were implemented are shown, as well as the lessons-learned from these unprecedented circumstances.
{"title":"Impacts of the Covid-19 on the IRPA young generation activities in radiation protection: testimonies and experience feedback","authors":"S. Andresz, F. Kabrt, M. Sáez-Muñoz, O. Nusrat, C. Papp","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2021018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021018","url":null,"abstract":"The measures implemented to limit the spread of Covid-19 have brought many challenges on the work organization, the radiation protection being no exception. The IRPA Young Generation Network has investigated through a collection of testimonies the impacts of these measures and how the continuity and consistency of radiation protection was ensured. This article presents the results of the analysis of the testimonies. The impacts of the Covid-19 for each of the radiation protection related sectors covered by the survey are presented from a young generation perspective. The impacts are never negligible and even more important in some sectors and for some type of work. The adaptations made to the radiation protection and how they were implemented are shown, as well as the lessons-learned from these unprecedented circumstances.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84974533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2021021
S. Thellier, C. Poret, S. Carminati
The traditional approaches to safety in risk activities have been applied to radiotherapy following the occurrence of serious accidents. This strategy is based on the characterization of specific risks and the definition of preventive and protective measures, particularly for the implementation of safety barriers. Evaluating the performance of safety barriers makes it possible, in theory, to determine the level of risk control. This article presents a literature review that highlights the limits of the safety barrier concept. To overcome these limitations, we then introduce the notion of “activities contributing to safety” (ACS). This concept allows us to better take into account the managerial, contextual, organizational and human dimensions of safety and to promote risk control through a more realistic approach.
{"title":"Radiotherapy risk management: Going beyond the concept of safety barriers","authors":"S. Thellier, C. Poret, S. Carminati","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2021021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021021","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional approaches to safety in risk activities have been applied to radiotherapy following the occurrence of serious accidents. This strategy is based on the characterization of specific risks and the definition of preventive and protective measures, particularly for the implementation of safety barriers. Evaluating the performance of safety barriers makes it possible, in theory, to determine the level of risk control. This article presents a literature review that highlights the limits of the safety barrier concept. To overcome these limitations, we then introduce the notion of “activities contributing to safety” (ACS). This concept allows us to better take into account the managerial, contextual, organizational and human dimensions of safety and to promote risk control through a more realistic approach.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78110241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021014
B. Zeinali-Rafsanjani, S. Haseli, R. Jalli, M. Saeedi-Moghadam
Medical imaging with ionizing radiation in pediatric patients is rising, and their radiation sensitivity is 2–3 times more than adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the total effective dose (ED) of all medical imaging by CT scan and plain radiography in patients in pediatric neurosurgery department. Patients with at least one brain CT scan and recorded dose length product (DLP) were included. Patients’ imaging data were collected from the picture-archiving-and-communicating system (PACS) using their national code to find all their medical imaging. Total ED (mSv) from CT scans and plain radiographs were calculated. A total of 300 patients were included, of which 129 were females and 171 males with a mean age of 5.45 ± 4.34 years. Mean DLPs of brain, abdomen, and chest CT were 329.16, 393.06, 284.46 mGy.cm. The most frequent CT scans in these children were brain CT scans with ED range of 0.09 to 47.09 mSv. Total ED due to all CT scans and plain radiographs were in the range of 0.38 to 63.41 mSv. Although the mean DLP of each brain, chest, and abdomen CT of patients was in the range of DRLs reported by previous studies, the patients with numerous CT scans received more radiation doses than mean ED (6.21 mSv between all age groups). The most frequent CT scan was the brain, and the most frequent plain radiographs were chest and lower extremities. It can be concluded that reducing the number of CT scans or plain radiographs by appropriate physical exams or replacing them with modalities that do not use ionizing radiation can reduce ED.
{"title":"How much is the effective dose from medical imaging in pediatric patients in the neurosurgery department?","authors":"B. Zeinali-Rafsanjani, S. Haseli, R. Jalli, M. Saeedi-Moghadam","doi":"10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021014","url":null,"abstract":"Medical imaging with ionizing radiation in pediatric patients is rising, and their radiation sensitivity is 2–3 times more than adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the total effective dose (ED) of all medical imaging by CT scan and plain radiography in patients in pediatric neurosurgery department. Patients with at least one brain CT scan and recorded dose length product (DLP) were included. Patients’ imaging data were collected from the picture-archiving-and-communicating system (PACS) using their national code to find all their medical imaging. Total ED (mSv) from CT scans and plain radiographs were calculated. A total of 300 patients were included, of which 129 were females and 171 males with a mean age of 5.45 ± 4.34 years. Mean DLPs of brain, abdomen, and chest CT were 329.16, 393.06, 284.46 mGy.cm. The most frequent CT scans in these children were brain CT scans with ED range of 0.09 to 47.09 mSv. Total ED due to all CT scans and plain radiographs were in the range of 0.38 to 63.41 mSv. Although the mean DLP of each brain, chest, and abdomen CT of patients was in the range of DRLs reported by previous studies, the patients with numerous CT scans received more radiation doses than mean ED (6.21 mSv between all age groups). The most frequent CT scan was the brain, and the most frequent plain radiographs were chest and lower extremities. It can be concluded that reducing the number of CT scans or plain radiographs by appropriate physical exams or replacing them with modalities that do not use ionizing radiation can reduce ED.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90956189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021007
S. Savic, S. Leštarević, S. Smiljic, A. Stolic-Ilic, M. Mijović, B. Djerkovic
This study examines the efficiency of UVA radiation in the eradication of murine mites. The experiment consisted of the radiation of female BALBc mice in a solarium by UVA rays, up to total dosages of 7800 J/cm2 and 12 500 J/cm2. A total of 88 animals were divided into four experimental and three control groups. Animals from the experimental and two control groups were shaved, and animals in two experimental groups were treated by a photoprotective cream half an hour before exposure. The animals in the third control group were not shaven. The presence of mites was detected in histological preparations of most of the animals in the control groups. When compared to the experimental groups of animals exposed to radiation up to 7800 J/cm2, the presence of mites was significantly more frequent in the control group of shaven animals (p = 0.013) and unshaven animals (p < 0.001). When compared to the experimental groups exposed to radiation up to 12 500 J/cm2, the presence of mites was significantly more frequent in the control group of shaven animals (p < 0.001) and unshaven animals (p < 0.001). Median value of mites was statistically much higher in the control, unshaven group of animals in comparison to the untreated group of animals exposed to radiation up to 7800 J/cm2 (p = 0.006). Median value of mites between untreated group of animals exposed to radiation up to 7800 J/cm2 and their shaven control group was near a statistically significant difference (p = 0.056). By comparing the number of mites between the control groups of animals, no presence of statistically significant difference (p = 0.901) was confirmed. UVA radiation led to the effective eradication of murine mites.
{"title":"Can UVA radiation have a germicidal effect?","authors":"S. Savic, S. Leštarević, S. Smiljic, A. Stolic-Ilic, M. Mijović, B. Djerkovic","doi":"10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021007","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the efficiency of UVA radiation in the eradication of murine mites. The experiment consisted of the radiation of female BALBc mice in a solarium by UVA rays, up to total dosages of 7800 J/cm2 and 12 500 J/cm2. A total of 88 animals were divided into four experimental and three control groups. Animals from the experimental and two control groups were shaved, and animals in two experimental groups were treated by a photoprotective cream half an hour before exposure. The animals in the third control group were not shaven. The presence of mites was detected in histological preparations of most of the animals in the control groups. When compared to the experimental groups of animals exposed to radiation up to 7800 J/cm2, the presence of mites was significantly more frequent in the control group of shaven animals (p = 0.013) and unshaven animals (p < 0.001). When compared to the experimental groups exposed to radiation up to 12 500 J/cm2, the presence of mites was significantly more frequent in the control group of shaven animals (p < 0.001) and unshaven animals (p < 0.001). Median value of mites was statistically much higher in the control, unshaven group of animals in comparison to the untreated group of animals exposed to radiation up to 7800 J/cm2 (p = 0.006). Median value of mites between untreated group of animals exposed to radiation up to 7800 J/cm2 and their shaven control group was near a statistically significant difference (p = 0.056). By comparing the number of mites between the control groups of animals, no presence of statistically significant difference (p = 0.901) was confirmed. UVA radiation led to the effective eradication of murine mites.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"68 1","pages":"245-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86129640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2021022
T. Schneider, J. Lochard, M. Maître, N. Ban, P. Crouail, E. Gallego, T. Homma, M. Kai, J. Lecomte, N. Takamura
Lessons from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant accident emphasize the difficulties for restoring the socio-economic activities in the affected areas. Among them, a series of radioligical protection challenges were noted, in particular concerning the protection of employees, the securing of the production and the guarantee provided to consumers of the radiological monitoring of products to restore their confidence. Based on case studies reporting the experience of employers deploying their activities in affected areas, an analysis of these radiological protection challenges has been performed. Characterizing the radiological situation was not always straightforward for the managers. With the help of radiological protection experts, protective actions have been identified and specific efforts have been devoted to provide information to employees and their families helping them to make their own judgement about the radiological situation. Respecting the decisions of employees and developing a radiological protection culture among them have proved to be efficient for restoring the business activities. Continuing or restoring the production not always manageable. It requires to develop dedicated radiological monitoring processes to ensure the radiological protection of workers and the quality of the production. Re-establishing the link with the consumers and organising the vigilance on the long-term were necessary for companies to maintain their production or develop new ones. Deploying a socio-economic programme for ensuring the community resilience in affected areas requires the adoption of governance mechanisms respecting ethical values to ensure the overall objective of protecting people and the environment against the risks of ionizing radiation and contributing to provide decent living and working conditions to the affected communities. It is of primary importance to rely on the involvement of local communities in the elaboration and deployment of the socio-economic activities with due considerations for ensuring the integrity of the communities, and respecting their choices.
{"title":"Radiological protection challenges facing business activities affected by a nuclear accident: some lessons from the management of the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant","authors":"T. Schneider, J. Lochard, M. Maître, N. Ban, P. Crouail, E. Gallego, T. Homma, M. Kai, J. Lecomte, N. Takamura","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2021022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021022","url":null,"abstract":"Lessons from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant accident emphasize the difficulties for restoring the socio-economic activities in the affected areas. Among them, a series of radioligical protection challenges were noted, in particular concerning the protection of employees, the securing of the production and the guarantee provided to consumers of the radiological monitoring of products to restore their confidence. Based on case studies reporting the experience of employers deploying their activities in affected areas, an analysis of these radiological protection challenges has been performed. Characterizing the radiological situation was not always straightforward for the managers. With the help of radiological protection experts, protective actions have been identified and specific efforts have been devoted to provide information to employees and their families helping them to make their own judgement about the radiological situation. Respecting the decisions of employees and developing a radiological protection culture among them have proved to be efficient for restoring the business activities. Continuing or restoring the production not always manageable. It requires to develop dedicated radiological monitoring processes to ensure the radiological protection of workers and the quality of the production. Re-establishing the link with the consumers and organising the vigilance on the long-term were necessary for companies to maintain their production or develop new ones. Deploying a socio-economic programme for ensuring the community resilience in affected areas requires the adoption of governance mechanisms respecting ethical values to ensure the overall objective of protecting people and the environment against the risks of ionizing radiation and contributing to provide decent living and working conditions to the affected communities. It is of primary importance to rely on the involvement of local communities in the elaboration and deployment of the socio-economic activities with due considerations for ensuring the integrity of the communities, and respecting their choices.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74791240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021023
M. Bourguignon
{"title":"Radioprotection : les défis de l’open access","authors":"M. Bourguignon","doi":"10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RADIOPRO/2021023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91057765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2021019
G. Contessa, S. de Crescenzo, P. Rossi
The transposition of Directive 2013/59/Euratom has projected Italian radiation protection into the new safety culture, in which optimization is a multidisciplinary process pursuing a suitable balance among different risks. The fundamental tools in the application of the optimization principle are source-related dose constraints, introduced by the Directive to define the range of options to be considered. This article analyzes some critical issues in their use when managing radiation protection at work in any planned, existing or emergency exposure situation, which involves a risk from exposure to ionizing radiation. Simplified procedures and customized guidelines are outlined from international organizations, such as IAEA, OECD/NEA, and the European ALARA Network (EAN), paving the way to a correct implementation of the optimization principle.
{"title":"The application of the optimization principle in the Italian and European context","authors":"G. Contessa, S. de Crescenzo, P. Rossi","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2021019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021019","url":null,"abstract":"The transposition of Directive 2013/59/Euratom has projected Italian radiation protection into the new safety culture, in which optimization is a multidisciplinary process pursuing a suitable balance among different risks. The fundamental tools in the application of the optimization principle are source-related dose constraints, introduced by the Directive to define the range of options to be considered. This article analyzes some critical issues in their use when managing radiation protection at work in any planned, existing or emergency exposure situation, which involves a risk from exposure to ionizing radiation. Simplified procedures and customized guidelines are outlined from international organizations, such as IAEA, OECD/NEA, and the European ALARA Network (EAN), paving the way to a correct implementation of the optimization principle.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73170502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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