Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022012
N. Ataalla
In the midst of the catastrophic outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19, potentially life-saving treatments for pregnant women cannot be ignored. Pulmonary infection or pneumonia is a common complication of COVID-19. Radiologic imaging plays a critical role in both controlling the disease and evaluating the consequences of coronavirus COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest-computed tomography (CT) are the most commonly used procedures to detect and treat COVID-19 and can predict and prognosticate the impact on patients of COVID-19. In this context a deep understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation and its hazards is required and radiological examinations should be used cautiously in pregnant women. The aim of this review is to discuss radiation protection issues for pregnant women with COVID-19 during radiological examination with regard to the effects on the fetuses. An evaluation of electronic databases for publications in English was performed for coronavirus, symptoms, detection, and radiation risk in pregnancy. In such circumstances, international rules or standard protocols need to be established to assist physicians and radiologists in the necessary measures for detection, control and follow-up of COVID-19 during pregnancy. The review found that lung examinations with LUS are an effective alternative to CT.
{"title":"Radiation safety for pregnant women with COVID-19: a review article","authors":"N. Ataalla","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2022012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2022012","url":null,"abstract":"In the midst of the catastrophic outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19, potentially life-saving treatments for pregnant women cannot be ignored. Pulmonary infection or pneumonia is a common complication of COVID-19. Radiologic imaging plays a critical role in both controlling the disease and evaluating the consequences of coronavirus COVID-19 pneumonia. Lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest-computed tomography (CT) are the most commonly used procedures to detect and treat COVID-19 and can predict and prognosticate the impact on patients of COVID-19. In this context a deep understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation and its hazards is required and radiological examinations should be used cautiously in pregnant women. The aim of this review is to discuss radiation protection issues for pregnant women with COVID-19 during radiological examination with regard to the effects on the fetuses. An evaluation of electronic databases for publications in English was performed for coronavirus, symptoms, detection, and radiation risk in pregnancy. In such circumstances, international rules or standard protocols need to be established to assist physicians and radiologists in the necessary measures for detection, control and follow-up of COVID-19 during pregnancy. The review found that lung examinations with LUS are an effective alternative to CT.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85803801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022013
F. Yarmahmoodi, S. Qasemian, R. Ravanfar Haghighi, S. M. Razavinejad, B. Zeinali-Rafsanjani
Context: Premature neonates have multiple medical and surgical problems; therefore, hospitalization and imaging are required. Recently there has been too much concern about the long-term effects of radiation in neonates. In this survey, we assessed the frequency of imaging and radiation dose in neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in our University-affiliated hospital. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted during a year (2019–2020) on 291 neonates. The information has been gathered from Health Information System and picture archiving and communication system, and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: 291 neonates were included in the study, from which 175 (60%) neonates were preterm and 116 (40%) neonates were term neonates. The mean gestational age (GA) was 35.5 weeks and the mean hospital admission duration was 15.8 days. The mean number of portable and non-portable imaging procedures was 5.13 and 0.62 for preterm and term neonates, respectively. There is a statistically significant relationship between gastrointestinal disease and the number of abdominal X-rays. There is also a statistically significant relationship between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chest X-rays; there is no statistically significant relationship between pneumonia and the number of chest X-rays in the hospital course. The mean accumulation effective doses in preterm and term neonates in-hospital course were 0.549 and 0.498 mSv, respectively. Discussion: The neonates in NICU are more susceptible to radiation hazards due to numerous imaging than other neonates. Portable imaging is eight times more dosing than non-portable imaging, so due to the scattered radiation from portable devices, the actual radiation dose may be higher than what we estimated. No brain CT scan was done for the neonates with convulsion because of using safer and more valuable modalities; so we could recommend radiologists and pediatrics to use substitute modalities like sonography and MRI instead of CT scan and X-rays.
{"title":"Evaluation of influencing factors on the radiation dose of hospitalized neonates: Maturity status and type of disease","authors":"F. Yarmahmoodi, S. Qasemian, R. Ravanfar Haghighi, S. M. Razavinejad, B. Zeinali-Rafsanjani","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2022013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2022013","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Premature neonates have multiple medical and surgical problems; therefore, hospitalization and imaging are required. Recently there has been too much concern about the long-term effects of radiation in neonates. In this survey, we assessed the frequency of imaging and radiation dose in neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in our University-affiliated hospital. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted during a year (2019–2020) on 291 neonates. The information has been gathered from Health Information System and picture archiving and communication system, and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: 291 neonates were included in the study, from which 175 (60%) neonates were preterm and 116 (40%) neonates were term neonates. The mean gestational age (GA) was 35.5 weeks and the mean hospital admission duration was 15.8 days. The mean number of portable and non-portable imaging procedures was 5.13 and 0.62 for preterm and term neonates, respectively. There is a statistically significant relationship between gastrointestinal disease and the number of abdominal X-rays. There is also a statistically significant relationship between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chest X-rays; there is no statistically significant relationship between pneumonia and the number of chest X-rays in the hospital course. The mean accumulation effective doses in preterm and term neonates in-hospital course were 0.549 and 0.498 mSv, respectively. Discussion: The neonates in NICU are more susceptible to radiation hazards due to numerous imaging than other neonates. Portable imaging is eight times more dosing than non-portable imaging, so due to the scattered radiation from portable devices, the actual radiation dose may be higher than what we estimated. No brain CT scan was done for the neonates with convulsion because of using safer and more valuable modalities; so we could recommend radiologists and pediatrics to use substitute modalities like sonography and MRI instead of CT scan and X-rays.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85990606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022010
C. Clement, W. Rühm, J. Harrison, K. Applegate, D. Cool, Conny Larsson, C. Cousins, J. Lochard, S. Bouffler, K. Cho, M. Kai, D. Laurier, S. Liu, S. Romanov
La Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) a initié un examen et une révision du système de radioprotection afin de mettre à jour les recommandations générales de 2007 dans la Publication 103 de la CIPR. Il s’agit du début d’un processus de plusieurs années qui nécessite une collaboration ouverte et transparente avec les organismes et les personnes du monde entier. Bien que le système soit robuste et efficace, il convient de l’adapter à l’évolution des connaissances scientifiques et de la société afin de demeurer adapté aux besoins. Le présent document vise à encourager les discussions sur les domaines du système qui pourraient bénéficier le plus d’un examen, et à engager des initiatives de collaboration. Le renforcement de la clarté et de la cohérence constitue une priorité. Plus le degré de compréhension du système est élevé, plus il est possible de l’appliquer efficacement, ce qui se traduit par une amélioration de la protection et une harmonisation accrue. De nombreux domaines pourraient faire l’objet d’un examen, notamment : la classification des effets, avec un accent particulier sur les réactions tissulaires ; la reformulation du détriment radiologique, qui pourrait inclure les maladies non cancéreuses ; la réévaluation de la relation entre le détriment et la dose efficace, et la possibilité de définir des détriments pour les hommes et les femmes et différentes classes d’âge ; la variation de la réponse individuelle à l’exposition aux rayonnements ; les effets héréditaires ; les effets et risques pour le biote non humain et les écosystèmes. Certains des concepts de base sont également examinés, notamment le cadre permettant de réunir la protection des personnes et de l’environnement, les améliorations progressives des principes fondamentaux de justification et d’optimisation, une approche plus large de la protection des personnes et la clarification des situations d’exposition introduites en 2007. En outre, la CIPR envisage de déterminer dans quels cas l’incorporation explicite des fondements éthiques dans le système présenterait un avantage, comment mieux refléter l’importance des échanges et de l’implication des parties prenantes, et de donner des conseils supplémentaires sur l’éducation et la formation. La CIPR invite à répondre à ces questions et à d’autres liées à l’examen du système de radioprotection.
{"title":"Maintenir les recommandations de la CIPR adaptées aux besoins","authors":"C. Clement, W. Rühm, J. Harrison, K. Applegate, D. Cool, Conny Larsson, C. Cousins, J. Lochard, S. Bouffler, K. Cho, M. Kai, D. Laurier, S. Liu, S. Romanov","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2022010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2022010","url":null,"abstract":"La Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) a initié un examen et une révision du système de radioprotection afin de mettre à jour les recommandations générales de 2007 dans la Publication 103 de la CIPR. Il s’agit du début d’un processus de plusieurs années qui nécessite une collaboration ouverte et transparente avec les organismes et les personnes du monde entier. Bien que le système soit robuste et efficace, il convient de l’adapter à l’évolution des connaissances scientifiques et de la société afin de demeurer adapté aux besoins. Le présent document vise à encourager les discussions sur les domaines du système qui pourraient bénéficier le plus d’un examen, et à engager des initiatives de collaboration. Le renforcement de la clarté et de la cohérence constitue une priorité. Plus le degré de compréhension du système est élevé, plus il est possible de l’appliquer efficacement, ce qui se traduit par une amélioration de la protection et une harmonisation accrue. De nombreux domaines pourraient faire l’objet d’un examen, notamment : la classification des effets, avec un accent particulier sur les réactions tissulaires ; la reformulation du détriment radiologique, qui pourrait inclure les maladies non cancéreuses ; la réévaluation de la relation entre le détriment et la dose efficace, et la possibilité de définir des détriments pour les hommes et les femmes et différentes classes d’âge ; la variation de la réponse individuelle à l’exposition aux rayonnements ; les effets héréditaires ; les effets et risques pour le biote non humain et les écosystèmes. Certains des concepts de base sont également examinés, notamment le cadre permettant de réunir la protection des personnes et de l’environnement, les améliorations progressives des principes fondamentaux de justification et d’optimisation, une approche plus large de la protection des personnes et la clarification des situations d’exposition introduites en 2007. En outre, la CIPR envisage de déterminer dans quels cas l’incorporation explicite des fondements éthiques dans le système présenterait un avantage, comment mieux refléter l’importance des échanges et de l’implication des parties prenantes, et de donner des conseils supplémentaires sur l’éducation et la formation. La CIPR invite à répondre à ces questions et à d’autres liées à l’examen du système de radioprotection.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76775194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022011
M. Jamshidi, A. Keshavarz, A. Karami, Y. Salimi, G. Valizadeh
The aim of this study is to calculate the patient radiation dose and Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) in Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological (CVIR) procedures. The patient population included 327 patients who underwent Coronary Angiography (CA) and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI). Exposure data were reported for every examination such as Kerma-Area Product (KAP), fluoroscopy time and number of exposures. Organ dose and effective dose were assessed by PCXMC software. LAR values were determined according to BEIR VII report. The mean effective dose per examination in CA is 12.6 mSv for males and 10.25 mSv for females. In PCI, the mean effective dose is 18.06 mSv for males and 22.73 mSv for females. Organs with highest dose are thymus, heart, breast, and lung. The mean of LAR value in CA is 62 and 60 for males and females, respectively. In PCI, the mean of LAR value is 89 and 132 for males and females, respectively. Also, the KAP to effective dose conversion factors (CFKAP-ED) were calculated. CFKAP-ED for CA is 0.249 in males and 0.228 in females, and for PCI is 0.2446 and 0.2316 for males and females, respectively. This study will help better understand the concept of ionizing radiation dose in the CVIR procedures and how the individual patient’s effective dose and LAR can evaluate the cancer risk.
{"title":"Patient radiation dose and lifetime attributable risk of cancer due to ionizing radiation in cardiovascular interventional radiological procedures","authors":"M. Jamshidi, A. Keshavarz, A. Karami, Y. Salimi, G. Valizadeh","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2022011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2022011","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to calculate the patient radiation dose and Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) in Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological (CVIR) procedures. The patient population included 327 patients who underwent Coronary Angiography (CA) and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI). Exposure data were reported for every examination such as Kerma-Area Product (KAP), fluoroscopy time and number of exposures. Organ dose and effective dose were assessed by PCXMC software. LAR values were determined according to BEIR VII report. The mean effective dose per examination in CA is 12.6 mSv for males and 10.25 mSv for females. In PCI, the mean effective dose is 18.06 mSv for males and 22.73 mSv for females. Organs with highest dose are thymus, heart, breast, and lung. The mean of LAR value in CA is 62 and 60 for males and females, respectively. In PCI, the mean of LAR value is 89 and 132 for males and females, respectively. Also, the KAP to effective dose conversion factors (CFKAP-ED) were calculated. CFKAP-ED for CA is 0.249 in males and 0.228 in females, and for PCI is 0.2446 and 0.2316 for males and females, respectively. This study will help better understand the concept of ionizing radiation dose in the CVIR procedures and how the individual patient’s effective dose and LAR can evaluate the cancer risk.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81444791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022014
Michel Bourguignon
{"title":"Vers de nouvelles recommandations en radioprotection : la CIPR en marche / Towards new recommendations in radiological protection: ICRP on the move","authors":"Michel Bourguignon","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2022014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2022014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77905963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022027
O. Bawazeer, Rizwan Muhammad, M. Alhazmi, N. Asiri, T. Mohammed, A. Alsaab, M. Algethami, A. Sedayo, A. Ajlouni
Background:To date in Saudi Arabia, a limited number of studies conducted to assess radiation doses received by pediatrics in computed tomography (CT) brain procedure. National diagnostic reference levels (NDRL) have been established for adults, but neither NDRL’s nor Local diagnostic reference levels (LDRL) have been established for pediatric patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess radiation doses experienced by pediatric patients in CT brain procedure, and derive LDRLs. Materials and methods: The values of three radiological indexes: volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were assessed. Then effective dose (ED) were estimated, and LDRLs are suggested for CT procedures based on data retrieved from 353 pediatric patients aged between 0 and 15 years old. LDRLs were estimated based on age and weight. Results: Built on 75 percent of the median distribution of the CTDIvol and DLP values, weight assemblage LDRL values ranged from 12.29 to 28.72 mGy and from 173.32 to 565.38 mGy.cm, respectively, whereas age assemblage LDRL values ranged from 11.76 to 25.07 mGy and from 147.04 to 479.23 mGy.cm, respectively. Conclusion: This study derived the typical CTDIvol, DLP, and ED received by pediatric patient during CT brain procedure in Saudi Arabia. Then, LDRLs were proposed based on age and weight for pediatric patients aged between 0 to 15 years old.
{"title":"Assessment of pediatric radiation doses in brain CT procedures","authors":"O. Bawazeer, Rizwan Muhammad, M. Alhazmi, N. Asiri, T. Mohammed, A. Alsaab, M. Algethami, A. Sedayo, A. Ajlouni","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2022027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2022027","url":null,"abstract":"Background:To date in Saudi Arabia, a limited number of studies conducted to assess radiation doses received by pediatrics in computed tomography (CT) brain procedure. National diagnostic reference levels (NDRL) have been established for adults, but neither NDRL’s nor Local diagnostic reference levels (LDRL) have been established for pediatric patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess radiation doses experienced by pediatric patients in CT brain procedure, and derive LDRLs. Materials and methods: The values of three radiological indexes: volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were assessed. Then effective dose (ED) were estimated, and LDRLs are suggested for CT procedures based on data retrieved from 353 pediatric patients aged between 0 and 15 years old. LDRLs were estimated based on age and weight. Results: Built on 75 percent of the median distribution of the CTDIvol and DLP values, weight assemblage LDRL values ranged from 12.29 to 28.72 mGy and from 173.32 to 565.38 mGy.cm, respectively, whereas age assemblage LDRL values ranged from 11.76 to 25.07 mGy and from 147.04 to 479.23 mGy.cm, respectively. Conclusion: This study derived the typical CTDIvol, DLP, and ED received by pediatric patient during CT brain procedure in Saudi Arabia. Then, LDRLs were proposed based on age and weight for pediatric patients aged between 0 to 15 years old.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88112975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2021035
M. El Mansouri, M. Talbi, A. Choukri, O. Nhila, M. Aabid
In Morocco, the radiation doses received by adult patients are increasing due to the number of CT examinations performed and the larger number of computed tomography (CT) scanners installed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiation doses received by patients for the most common adult CT examinations in order to establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Data from 1016 adult patients were collected during 3 months from four Moroccan hospitals. Dose length product (DLP) and volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) were evaluated by determining the 75th percentile as diagnostic reference levels for the most common examinations including head, chest and abdomen. The DRL for each examination was compared with other studies. The established DRLs in Morocco in terms of CTDIvol were 57.4, 12.3 and 10.9 for CT examinations of the head, chest, abdomen, respectively. For DLP, they were 1020, 632 and 714, respectively. These established DRLs for CTDIvol were almost similar to the UK DRLs at all examinations, higher than the Egyptian DRLs and lower than the Japanese DRLs at the head CT examination, lower than the DRLs from Egypt and Japan at the CT abdomen examination. In terms of DLP, the DRLs were higher than those of the British studies, lower than those of the Egyptian and Japanese studies at the head CT examination were higher at chest CT and lower at abdominal CT than those of all selected studies. The higher level of established DRLs in our study demonstrates the requirement of an optimization process while keeping a good image quality for a reliable diagnosis.
{"title":"Establishing local diagnostic reference levels for adult computed tomography in Morocco","authors":"M. El Mansouri, M. Talbi, A. Choukri, O. Nhila, M. Aabid","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2021035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021035","url":null,"abstract":"In Morocco, the radiation doses received by adult patients are increasing due to the number of CT examinations performed and the larger number of computed tomography (CT) scanners installed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiation doses received by patients for the most common adult CT examinations in order to establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Data from 1016 adult patients were collected during 3 months from four Moroccan hospitals. Dose length product (DLP) and volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) were evaluated by determining the 75th percentile as diagnostic reference levels for the most common examinations including head, chest and abdomen. The DRL for each examination was compared with other studies. The established DRLs in Morocco in terms of CTDIvol were 57.4, 12.3 and 10.9 for CT examinations of the head, chest, abdomen, respectively. For DLP, they were 1020, 632 and 714, respectively. These established DRLs for CTDIvol were almost similar to the UK DRLs at all examinations, higher than the Egyptian DRLs and lower than the Japanese DRLs at the head CT examination, lower than the DRLs from Egypt and Japan at the CT abdomen examination. In terms of DLP, the DRLs were higher than those of the British studies, lower than those of the Egyptian and Japanese studies at the head CT examination were higher at chest CT and lower at abdominal CT than those of all selected studies. The higher level of established DRLs in our study demonstrates the requirement of an optimization process while keeping a good image quality for a reliable diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90667591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022018
S. Al-Shehri, N. Shubayr, A. Alghamdi, A. Alshahrani, Y. Mubarki, A. Al-Shehri, Y. Alashban
Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) are widely used for both personal and environmental dosimetry. TLDs should have high accuracy under different conditions. The TL signal can drop over time because of fading (loss of signal due to thermally induced recombination of trapped charriers), thus leading to underestimation of the irradiation dose. The Saudi climate is extremely hot for most of the year, which could significantly affect TLD measurements. Therefore, the effect of ambient temperature, storage time and irradiation dose were investigated both in laboratory controlled-temperature conditions and field experiments, for two commercial dosimeters: Harshaw (TLD-100H™) and RADCARD (MCP-N™), which are used for environmental monitoring. The irradiated TLDs were exposed to a range of ambient temperatures (25 °C–65 °C) then stored for 30, 60, and 90 days. A signal fading due to increasing ambient temperature and storage time was generally observed. MCP-N shows good stability and is less responsive to increasing ambient temperature compared to TLD-100H. TLD-100H is less affected by storage time compared to MCP-N. Irradiation doses play a role in TL signal fading, and TLDs irradiated with 5 mSv have a higher rate of loss compared to those irradiated with 2 mSv in all TLD types. The obtained results permitted to conclude that all TLD types used in this study suffer from TL signal fading, and its degree varies between TLD types.
{"title":"Effects of high ambient temperature on the accuracy of thermoluminescent dosimeters for environmental monitoring","authors":"S. Al-Shehri, N. Shubayr, A. Alghamdi, A. Alshahrani, Y. Mubarki, A. Al-Shehri, Y. Alashban","doi":"10.1051/radiopro/2022018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2022018","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) are widely used for both personal and environmental dosimetry. TLDs should have high accuracy under different conditions. The TL signal can drop over time because of fading (loss of signal due to thermally induced recombination of trapped charriers), thus leading to underestimation of the irradiation dose. The Saudi climate is extremely hot for most of the year, which could significantly affect TLD measurements. Therefore, the effect of ambient temperature, storage time and irradiation dose were investigated both in laboratory controlled-temperature conditions and field experiments, for two commercial dosimeters: Harshaw (TLD-100H™) and RADCARD (MCP-N™), which are used for environmental monitoring. The irradiated TLDs were exposed to a range of ambient temperatures (25 °C–65 °C) then stored for 30, 60, and 90 days. A signal fading due to increasing ambient temperature and storage time was generally observed. MCP-N shows good stability and is less responsive to increasing ambient temperature compared to TLD-100H. TLD-100H is less affected by storage time compared to MCP-N. Irradiation doses play a role in TL signal fading, and TLDs irradiated with 5 mSv have a higher rate of loss compared to those irradiated with 2 mSv in all TLD types. The obtained results permitted to conclude that all TLD types used in this study suffer from TL signal fading, and its degree varies between TLD types.","PeriodicalId":21009,"journal":{"name":"Radioprotection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78452124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022019
L. Cui, Z. Feng, H. Xu
We conducted a survey on the mental status, including burnout, sense of coherence (SOC) and anxiety about radiation exposure among medical radiation workers in China. SOC levels were evaluated through a validated scale, SOC-13. Burnout was measured using the 22-item version of Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS). A total of 277 medical radiation workers answered the questionnaire. The mean values of SOC-13 and burnout were 50 (SD 13.5) and 79.7 (SD 25.7), respectively. The sum scores of SOC-13 and MBI-HSS were significantly linear correlated (p < 0.01, F = 284.239, adjusted R2 = 0.506). Anxiety about radiation exposure was significantly associated with intention to leave employment (χ2 = 66.535, p < 0.001, Cramer’s v = 0.347, p < 0.001). The participants who have no anxiety about radiation exposure have significantly higher scores of sense of coherence than those who have mild and moderate anxiety (p < 0.01); they have lower scores of burnout (p < 0.01). The participants who have no intention to leave employment have significantly higher scores of sense of coherence and lower scores of burnout than those who have an intention or hesitate to leave (p < 0.01). Most participants in this study showed considerable caution about whether to participate in radiation work during pregnancy. Anxiety about radiation exposure was considered a contributing factor for burnout and led to the intention to leave employment. Efforts to design targeted interventions, such as educational programs, to mitigate radiation anxiety in medical radiation workers are warranted.
本研究对中国医疗放射工作者的辐射暴露心理状态进行了调查，包括职业倦怠、一致性感(SOC)和焦虑。通过一个有效的量表SOC-13来评估SOC水平。工作倦怠采用22项版本的Maslach医务人员职业倦怠量表(MBI-HSS)进行测量。共有277名放射医疗工作者回答了问卷。SOC-13和倦怠的平均值分别为50 (SD 13.5)和79.7 (SD 25.7)。SOC-13总分与MBI-HSS总分呈显著线性相关(p < 0.01, F = 284.239，调整后R2 = 0.506)。辐射暴露焦虑与离职意向显著相关(χ2 = 66.535, p < 0.001, Cramer’s v = 0.347, p < 0.001)。无辐射暴露焦虑者的连贯感得分显著高于轻度和中度焦虑者(p < 0.01);职业倦怠得分较低(p < 0.01)。无离职意向者的连贯感得分显著高于有离职意向者或有离职犹豫者，倦怠感得分显著低于有离职意向者(p < 0.01)。这项研究的大多数参与者对是否在怀孕期间参与辐射工作表现出相当谨慎的态度。对辐射暴露的焦虑被认为是倦怠的一个促成因素，并导致离职的意图。努力设计有针对性的干预措施，如教育计划，以减轻医疗辐射工作者的辐射焦虑是有必要的。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/2022025
Michel Bourguignon
Dans ce numéro de Radioprotection, Jean-Marc Cosset utilise le modèle linéaire sans seuil (LNT) pour s’interroger sur l’évaluation des risques liés à la radiothérapie (Cosset, 2022). L’évaluation du risque engendré par une exposition aux rayonnements ionisants (RI) reste un enjeu puisque l’ensemble de la population est continuellement exposé : les principales expositions sont les expositions médicales, la radioactivité naturelle, les rayonnements cosmiques à bord des avions long courrier et, exceptionnellement, les expositions après un accident nucléaire. Jusqu’à présent, pour évaluer le risque d’apparition d’effets stochastiques, principalement le cancer, la plupart des organisations internationales ont privilégié le modèle de risque linéaire sans seuil (LNT) recommandé par la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR). Ce modèle est basé sur l’utilisation de la dose efficace, grandeur dosimétrique ajustée au risque et calculée à partir de données épidémiologiques du suivi à long terme des survivants des bombes atomiques d’Hiroshima-Nagasaki exposés à une très forte dose à fort débit de dose (ICRP, 2007). Les études ultérieures avec les travailleurs du nucléaire et les patients avec des profils d’exposition très différents (débits de dose variés et répétitions de doses) n’ont pas remis en cause le modèle, même si elles font apparaître des non-linéarités aux faibles doses (ICRP, 2021). Cependant, le risque attribuable sur la durée de vie, prenant aussi en compte les données des personnes non exposées, est plus précis que la dose efficace pour évaluer le risque d’une exposition aux rayonnements ionisants (RI), en particulier chez les femmes (ICRP, 2007 ; Jamshidi et al., 2022). Le modèle LNT implique qu’il n’existe pas de seuil d’induction du risque de cancer après irradiation, autrement dit, même de très faibles doses de RI présentent un risque. Récemment, la CIPR a défini les faibles doses comme< 100mGy de rayonnement à faible transfert linéique d’énergie pour les organes et les tissus, et les faibles débits de dose comme < 5mGy/h (ICRP, 2021). De facto, les expositions médicales semblent être exclues puisqu’elles sont délivrées à des débits de dose beaucoup plus élevés. Ainsi, l’évaluation du risque est un sujet qui doit être étudié davantage et ce sera le cas par la CIPR dans la révision du Système de protection radiologique lancée par une publication récente (Clement et al., 2021, 2022). Par ailleurs, les études épidémiologiques sur lesquelles s’appuie l’évaluation du risque présentent deux biais majeurs : (i) l’absence de prise en compte des expositions médicales additionnelles, et (ii) les associations statistiques entre le risque de développer un cancer et une exposition aux RI qui ne signifient pas qu’il existe un lien de causalité. De plus, chaque individu est exposé au cours de sa vie à une grande variété d’agents génotoxiques (exposome) dont les effets se combinent. Ainsi, retenir l’irradiation à faible dose de RI comm
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