Lignocellulosic biomass is a rich source of carbohydrate polymers with cellulose and hemicellulose being the two primary carbohydrates made up of glucose and xylose monomers. These monomeric sugar molecules act as precursor molecules for ethanol production by the microbial fermentation process. Rice straw is a potent lignocellulosic feedstock for ethanol production, but its utilization on an industrial scale still faces significant challenges. The main obstacle lies in the chemical pretreatment process which needs to be designed optimally to enable a smooth supply of biomass-based fermentable sugar for ethanol businesses in a sustainable and cost-effective manner. The application of response surface curve analysis was made utilizing the Minitab software-based design of experiments which have demonstrated promising results in obtaining an optimized yield of fermentable sugar from the chemical hydrolysis of rice straw. The present study aimed to increase the fermentable sugar yield from chemical pretreatment of rice straw using Minitab computer software-based design of experiments. The optimal level of pretreatment variables was determined using Minitab 17 software-based analysis of the response surface curve to achieve a maximized release of fermentable sugar at 348.20 milligrams/gram of solid pretreated biomass. This study identified the corresponding optimum operating levels for each variable as (a) biomass solid loading rate (15% w/v), (b) H2SO4 concentration (12% v/v), (c) pretreatment reaction time (30 minutes) and (d) temperature (100°C).
{"title":"Optimized yield of fermentable sugar from chemical hydrolysis of rice straw for application in ethanol fermentation","authors":"Vikas Chandra Gupta, Meenu Singh, Shiv Prasad, Bhartendu Nath Mishra","doi":"10.25303/281rjce1070114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce1070114","url":null,"abstract":"Lignocellulosic biomass is a rich source of carbohydrate polymers with cellulose and hemicellulose being the two primary carbohydrates made up of glucose and xylose monomers. These monomeric sugar molecules act as precursor molecules for ethanol production by the microbial fermentation process. Rice straw is a potent lignocellulosic feedstock for ethanol production, but its utilization on an industrial scale still faces significant challenges. The main obstacle lies in the chemical pretreatment process which needs to be designed optimally to enable a smooth supply of biomass-based fermentable sugar for ethanol businesses in a sustainable and cost-effective manner. The application of response surface curve analysis was made utilizing the Minitab software-based design of experiments which have demonstrated promising results in obtaining an optimized yield of fermentable sugar from the chemical hydrolysis of rice straw. The present study aimed to increase the fermentable sugar yield from chemical pretreatment of rice straw using Minitab computer software-based design of experiments. The optimal level of pretreatment variables was determined using Minitab 17 software-based analysis of the response surface curve to achieve a maximized release of fermentable sugar at 348.20 milligrams/gram of solid pretreated biomass. This study identified the corresponding optimum operating levels for each variable as (a) biomass solid loading rate (15% w/v), (b) H2SO4 concentration (12% v/v), (c) pretreatment reaction time (30 minutes) and (d) temperature (100°C).","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Rudreshappa, S. Sreenivasa, K. Uma, S. Manjunatha, Kumar D.B. Aruna
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by employing solution combustion method using environmental friendly Cellophyllum innophyllum seed powder as fuel. Phase purity, crystallite size were determined from X-ray diffraction (XRD). Organic species attached to the surface of the nanoparticle were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Morphological studies were performed using TEM and SEM. Bandgap increased with decreasing particle size as confirmed from the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) white light luminescence capabilities of ZnO NPs were studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy. In vitro antibacterial activity studies and catalytic property for the conversion of pumpkin seed oil into biodiesel were performed.
采用溶液燃烧法合成了纳米氧化锌，燃料为环保型叶绿素种子粉末。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 测定了相纯度和晶体尺寸。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）鉴定了纳米粒子表面附着的有机物。利用 TEM 和 SEM 进行了形态学研究。使用光致发光光谱研究了氧化锌纳米粒子的白光发光能力。还进行了体外抗菌活性研究以及将南瓜籽油转化为生物柴油的催化特性研究。
{"title":"Green synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles, antibacterial studies and investigation as catalyst for the conversion of pumpkin oil into biodiesel","authors":"G. Rudreshappa, S. Sreenivasa, K. Uma, S. Manjunatha, Kumar D.B. Aruna","doi":"10.25303/281rjce1210132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce1210132","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by employing solution combustion method using environmental friendly Cellophyllum innophyllum seed powder as fuel. Phase purity, crystallite size were determined from X-ray diffraction (XRD). Organic species attached to the surface of the nanoparticle were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Morphological studies were performed using TEM and SEM. Bandgap increased with decreasing particle size as confirmed from the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) white light luminescence capabilities of ZnO NPs were studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy. In vitro antibacterial activity studies and catalytic property for the conversion of pumpkin seed oil into biodiesel were performed.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of [Fe(tptz)2]2+ in the presence of NaOH has been studied in two different types of micellar media: SDS anionic and CTAB cationic. The reaction was found to be much faster in both the micellar media compared to aqueous medium (kSDS = 102.2 X10-4 mol-1dm3s-1, kCTAB = 43.92 X 10-4 mol-1dm3s-1, kaq = 0.115 X10-4 mol-1dm3s-1). The reaction obeys first order kinetics with respect to both the reactants in both the media. The rate constant versus surfactant profile shows a maximum in both cases which is characteristic of a bimolecular micelle catalyzed reaction. The kinetic behaviour has been accounted for by using the Berezin model.
{"title":"Catalysis in SDS and CTAB micellar media: Kinetics of base hydrolysis of Bis(2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine) iron (II)","authors":"Kumari B Leela, P. Shyamala, K. Nagalakshmi","doi":"10.25303/281rjce80084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce80084","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetics of the hydrolysis of [Fe(tptz)2]2+ in the presence of NaOH has been studied in two different types of micellar media: SDS anionic and CTAB cationic. The reaction was found to be much faster in both the micellar media compared to aqueous medium (kSDS = 102.2 X10-4 mol-1dm3s-1, kCTAB = 43.92 X 10-4 mol-1dm3s-1, kaq = 0.115 X10-4 mol-1dm3s-1). The reaction obeys first order kinetics with respect to both the reactants in both the media. The rate constant versus surfactant profile shows a maximum in both cases which is characteristic of a bimolecular micelle catalyzed reaction. The kinetic behaviour has been accounted for by using the Berezin model.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prasad B. Rabi, Polaki Suman, R. K. Padhi, Manoja Das
The study provides a thorough examination of the biofuel potential of three unique lignocellulosic crop residues: rice straw (Oryza sativa), corn stalk (Zea mays) and sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) of Odisha. In the investigation, we explored the compositional, thermal and structural characteristics of these biomass sources, shedding light on their suitability for sustainable bioenergy production. Proximate analysis indicated variances in critical factors in the range of 5.9-14.8% (moisture content), 1.8-19.4% (ash content), 60-72.4% (volatile matter) and 9.6-14.7% (fixed carbon) which contribute to the various energy generating capacities of these materials. An in-depth investigation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin concentration revealed the promise of sugarcane bagasse as a cellulose-rich option for bioethanol synthesis. Thermochemical profiling using thermogravimetric and FTIR analysis revealed information about thermal stability and chemical changes, with pretreatment having an important role in increasing biomass accessibility and crystallinity. The significance of pretreatment-induced crystallinity for effective enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentable sugar generation was highlighted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) . Overall, this study advances our understanding of the intricate relationships between biomass composition, structure and bioenergy potential, offering valuable insights for the development of sustainable biofuel production strategies.
{"title":"Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Biomass and their effective Delignification for Sustainable Bioenergy","authors":"Prasad B. Rabi, Polaki Suman, R. K. Padhi, Manoja Das","doi":"10.25303/281rjce57067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce57067","url":null,"abstract":"The study provides a thorough examination of the biofuel potential of three unique lignocellulosic crop residues: rice straw (Oryza sativa), corn stalk (Zea mays) and sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) of Odisha. In the investigation, we explored the compositional, thermal and structural characteristics of these biomass sources, shedding light on their suitability for sustainable bioenergy production. Proximate analysis indicated variances in critical factors in the range of 5.9-14.8% (moisture content), 1.8-19.4% (ash content), 60-72.4% (volatile matter) and 9.6-14.7% (fixed carbon) which contribute to the various energy generating capacities of these materials. An in-depth investigation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin concentration revealed the promise of sugarcane bagasse as a cellulose-rich option for bioethanol synthesis. Thermochemical profiling using thermogravimetric and FTIR analysis revealed information about thermal stability and chemical changes, with pretreatment having an important role in increasing biomass accessibility and crystallinity. The significance of pretreatment-induced crystallinity for effective enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentable sugar generation was highlighted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) . Overall, this study advances our understanding of the intricate relationships between biomass composition, structure and bioenergy potential, offering valuable insights for the development of sustainable biofuel production strategies.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukusa Cimanga, Vsr Pullabhotla, Dellas Baloyi Ntsako, Amina Nel
The water quality of Lake Nsezi in Richards Bay, South Africa was investigated for the possible influence of anthropogenic activities around the lake. Lake water was sampled for a period of one year from May 2014 to May 2015. Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis were compared to regulations of WHO, USEPA and DWAF WQG for aquatic environment and domestic use. Physicochemical parameters measured were within the recommended specifications as per WHO, USEPA and DWAF guidelines for aquatic environment and domestic use at the exception of TDS, Cl and few heavy metals such as Al, Cd, Cu, Fe and Mn. The average content levels for these parameters were: 530±167 mg/L (TDS), 135±92 mg/L (Cl), 0.079±0.11 mg/L (Al), 0.171±0.66 mg/L(Cd), 0.38 ± 0.50 mg/L (Fe), 13.6±15.33 mg/L (Pb). Principal component biplots positively showed some strong and moderate metal loadings of 0.564 (Fe), 0.552 (Pb), 0.928 (Na), 0.893 (Mg), 0645 (Sr) and 0.772 (K) at a variety of sites. Bacteriological parameters content investigated were all above the WHO, USEPA and DWAF guidelines for domestic use for E. coli, heterotrophic plate counts and total coliform counts.
{"title":"Water Quality and Pollution Status using Principal Component Analysis of Lake Nsezi in Richards Bay, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"Lukusa Cimanga, Vsr Pullabhotla, Dellas Baloyi Ntsako, Amina Nel","doi":"10.25303/281rjce01012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce01012","url":null,"abstract":"The water quality of Lake Nsezi in Richards Bay, South Africa was investigated for the possible influence of anthropogenic activities around the lake. Lake water was sampled for a period of one year from May 2014 to May 2015. Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis were compared to regulations of WHO, USEPA and DWAF WQG for aquatic environment and domestic use. Physicochemical parameters measured were within the recommended specifications as per WHO, USEPA and DWAF guidelines for aquatic environment and domestic use at the exception of TDS, Cl and few heavy metals such as Al, Cd, Cu, Fe and Mn. The average content levels for these parameters were: 530±167 mg/L (TDS), 135±92 mg/L (Cl), 0.079±0.11 mg/L (Al), 0.171±0.66 mg/L(Cd), 0.38 ± 0.50 mg/L (Fe), 13.6±15.33 mg/L (Pb). Principal component biplots positively showed some strong and moderate metal loadings of 0.564 (Fe), 0.552 (Pb), 0.928 (Na), 0.893 (Mg), 0645 (Sr) and 0.772 (K) at a variety of sites. Bacteriological parameters content investigated were all above the WHO, USEPA and DWAF guidelines for domestic use for E. coli, heterotrophic plate counts and total coliform counts.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones/carboxylic acids is a crucial step in organic synthesis. Normally, strong oxidants oxidize alcohol to carboxylic acid and this reaction may or may not stop at the intermediate steps to form aldehyde and ketone. Some mild oxidants are required to stop it here at this stage. Here, molecular oxygen can help in achieving this objective, but there is a disadvantage to use molecular oxygen as an oxidant as it has a slow rate of oxidation. Hence, such a reaction may be catalyzed by metal ferrites. These metal ferrites are easy to separate by using an external magnet and can be recycled. Cobalt ferrite has been used for the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to corresponding benzaldehydes.
{"title":"Oxidation of benzyl alcohols by molecular oxygen catalyzed by cobalt ferrite","authors":"R. Changwal, R. Ameta, S. Ameta","doi":"10.25303/281rjce91097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce91097","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones/carboxylic acids is a crucial step in organic synthesis. Normally, strong oxidants oxidize alcohol to carboxylic acid and this reaction may or may not stop at the intermediate steps to form aldehyde and ketone. Some mild oxidants are required to stop it here at this stage. Here, molecular oxygen can help in achieving this objective, but there is a disadvantage to use molecular oxygen as an oxidant as it has a slow rate of oxidation. Hence, such a reaction may be catalyzed by metal ferrites. These metal ferrites are easy to separate by using an external magnet and can be recycled. Cobalt ferrite has been used for the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to corresponding benzaldehydes.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effluent coming out from the textile, paper and food industries containing dye is strongly coloured and reveals very harmful effects on living beings. In order to reduce wastewater pollution, the degradation of dye into non-toxic form is desirable. The photo catalytic degradation of methylene blue is reported in the present study. The irradiation of aqueous solution of methylene blue dye in presence of photo catalyst and UV light was carried out in the batch photo reactor. Titanium dioxide TiO2 /CFAC was used as photo catalyst for the study. The rate of decolorisation was estimated from residual concentration spectrophotometrically. Effects of various operating parameters such as the irradiation time, initial pH and the amounts of catalyst on the degradation of the dyes were investigated. Results show that the degradation kinetics fitted well to pseudo second order rate law. The maximum decolorizing efficiency occurred in less than 50min with 50mg of TiO2 /CFAC catalyst dose.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using TiO2 doped Activated carbon","authors":"N. Saravanan","doi":"10.25303/281rjce38042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce38042","url":null,"abstract":"The effluent coming out from the textile, paper and food industries containing dye is strongly coloured and reveals very harmful effects on living beings. In order to reduce wastewater pollution, the degradation of dye into non-toxic form is desirable. The photo catalytic degradation of methylene blue is reported in the present study. The irradiation of aqueous solution of methylene blue dye in presence of photo catalyst and UV light was carried out in the batch photo reactor. Titanium dioxide TiO2 /CFAC was used as photo catalyst for the study. The rate of decolorisation was estimated from residual concentration spectrophotometrically. Effects of various operating parameters such as the irradiation time, initial pH and the amounts of catalyst on the degradation of the dyes were investigated. Results show that the degradation kinetics fitted well to pseudo second order rate law. The maximum decolorizing efficiency occurred in less than 50min with 50mg of TiO2 /CFAC catalyst dose.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiral V. Vaghela, K. Parmar, Jyotindra B Mahyavanshi
Our study revealed the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous bark extract of plant named Bauhinia variegata (Kaanchnar). Biomolecules present in the plants act as a reducing and capping agent. In this reduction reaction, gold (III) metal was reduced by biomolecules present in plants leading to formation of AuNPs. Biosynthesized AuNPs were characterized by spectral analysis (XRD, FTIR, UV-visible) and imaging microscopy. Antibacterial study of the biosynthesized AuNPs was examined against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria using agar well diffusion method and AuNPs exhibited an excellent inhibition zone against mentioned bacteria. In vitro anticancer study of AuNPs was performed on MCF-7 cell line. Compared to standard drug, AuNPs exhibited potent anticancer activity with the IC50 value 15.55 μg/ml.
{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Bark Extract of Bauhinia variegata: Antibacterial and in vitro Anticancer study","authors":"Hiral V. Vaghela, K. Parmar, Jyotindra B Mahyavanshi","doi":"10.25303/281rjce48056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce48056","url":null,"abstract":"Our study revealed the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous bark extract of plant named Bauhinia variegata (Kaanchnar). Biomolecules present in the plants act as a reducing and capping agent. In this reduction reaction, gold (III) metal was reduced by biomolecules present in plants leading to formation of AuNPs. Biosynthesized AuNPs were characterized by spectral analysis (XRD, FTIR, UV-visible) and imaging microscopy. Antibacterial study of the biosynthesized AuNPs was examined against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria using agar well diffusion method and AuNPs exhibited an excellent inhibition zone against mentioned bacteria. In vitro anticancer study of AuNPs was performed on MCF-7 cell line. Compared to standard drug, AuNPs exhibited potent anticancer activity with the IC50 value 15.55 μg/ml.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Salah F. Abdellah, Tamam M.S. Aljabori, E. El- Rafey
The goal of this research is to develop environmental friendly polymer composites in order to reduce the use of current polymers and promote global security. High density poly-ethylene (HDPE) and poly-caprolactone (PCL) composites were mixed with varying amounts of poly-ethylene joined maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) as a strong compatibilizer. The different composites were prepared using the conventional infusion shaping approach. Mechanical properties were accounted for to have good increase for the diverse compositions and the strength and pliable strain% (stretching) rate at break were improved in comparison to unadulterated HDPE. Examining electron magnifying lens (SEM) morphology revealed that the expansion of PE-g-MA increased the compability and so aided in the achievement of a synergistic mix of superior qualities. The manure internment test yielded favorable bio-corruption results and demonstrated the fertilizer's ability to enable bio-debasement of various composites, allowing their utilization as key polymers in the assembly of single-use products and also protecting nature and acting as a decent waste administration of HDPE polymer.
{"title":"The Functional and Biodegradation Characteristics of High-Density Poly-ethylene, Poly-caprolactone and Poly-ethylene Maleic Anhydride Composites","authors":"Ali Salah F. Abdellah, Tamam M.S. Aljabori, E. El- Rafey","doi":"10.25303/281rjce1150120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce1150120","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research is to develop environmental friendly polymer composites in order to reduce the use of current polymers and promote global security. High density poly-ethylene (HDPE) and poly-caprolactone (PCL) composites were mixed with varying amounts of poly-ethylene joined maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) as a strong compatibilizer. The different composites were prepared using the conventional infusion shaping approach. Mechanical properties were accounted for to have good increase for the diverse compositions and the strength and pliable strain% (stretching) rate at break were improved in comparison to unadulterated HDPE. Examining electron magnifying lens (SEM) morphology revealed that the expansion of PE-g-MA increased the compability and so aided in the achievement of a synergistic mix of superior qualities. The manure internment test yielded favorable bio-corruption results and demonstrated the fertilizer's ability to enable bio-debasement of various composites, allowing their utilization as key polymers in the assembly of single-use products and also protecting nature and acting as a decent waste administration of HDPE polymer.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A landmark based geometric morphometric study was carried out to describe the variation in wing of male and female Leva indica from different environmental sites of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 60 male and 60 female forewings were used in this study. To demonstrate the variation in wing shape, landmark data of each individual was examined through the morphometric softwares namely tps-Util, tps-Dig, tps-Relw, tps-Small and integrated software PAST. In total, 19 landmarks were identified in both male and female wings of L. indica. Based on the landmark coordinates, the first two relative warp analysis showed significant variation within and between the male and female wing shape from different sites. Procrustes vs. tangent space distance showed that the distances were similar within males and females but significant differences appeared between the male and female wings of L. indica. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) between the male and female wings scatter plots also showed clear distinction from the result. The obtained results indicate that each sex of L. indica from different regions displays morphological differences in wing shape. These morphological changes could have occurred as a result of phenotypic plasticity.
{"title":"Geometric Morphometric Study of Wing Shape in Leva indica (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) from Different Environmental Sites of Coimbatore, India","authors":"M. Suganya, K. Manimegalai","doi":"10.25303/281rjce1330141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/281rjce1330141","url":null,"abstract":"A landmark based geometric morphometric study was carried out to describe the variation in wing of male and female Leva indica from different environmental sites of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 60 male and 60 female forewings were used in this study. To demonstrate the variation in wing shape, landmark data of each individual was examined through the morphometric softwares namely tps-Util, tps-Dig, tps-Relw, tps-Small and integrated software PAST. In total, 19 landmarks were identified in both male and female wings of L. indica. Based on the landmark coordinates, the first two relative warp analysis showed significant variation within and between the male and female wing shape from different sites. Procrustes vs. tangent space distance showed that the distances were similar within males and females but significant differences appeared between the male and female wings of L. indica. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) between the male and female wings scatter plots also showed clear distinction from the result. The obtained results indicate that each sex of L. indica from different regions displays morphological differences in wing shape. These morphological changes could have occurred as a result of phenotypic plasticity.","PeriodicalId":21012,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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