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Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion最新文献

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How Are We Teaching and Dealing with Accessibility? A Survey From Switzerland 我们如何教学和处理可访问性?一项来自瑞士的调查
L. Guedes, M. Landoni
The need to better understand how to support and provide accessibility has increased dramatically in recent years, whether in industry or education. Higher education institutions have an essential role in raising awareness of how important accessibility is and, at the same time, can provide students with examples of good practice in building inclusive experiences. This work aims to assess the state of the art of accessibility in Switzerland, from teaching to administrative staff. Our findings show that the majority (77%) do not teach accessibility because it is not a core part of their courses and 21% declared to don't know enough to teach. 62,5% of who is teaching accessibility teach to evaluate web pages accessibility standards and heuristics and half of them help understanding technology barriers faced by people with disabilities. Likewise, our administrative staff respondents had four times more guidelines to deal with physical access than with technology enhancements. We also found out that with the COVID-19 outbreak, our instructors mainly used extra software and were more available online. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Accessibility theory, concepts and paradigms; • Accessibility technologies; • Social and professional topics → People with disabilities.
近年来,无论是在工业领域还是在教育领域,都需要更好地了解如何支持和提供无障碍服务。高等教育机构在提高对可及性重要性的认识方面发挥着至关重要的作用,同时可以为学生提供建立包容性经验的良好做法范例。这项工作的目的是评估无障碍的艺术状态在瑞士,从教学到行政人员。我们的研究结果显示,大多数学校(77%)没有教授无障碍教学,因为这不是他们课程的核心部分,21%的学校表示他们不知道如何教学。62.5%的无障碍教学人员教授评估网页无障碍标准和启发式,其中一半帮助理解残疾人面临的技术障碍。同样,我们的行政人员受访者在处理物理访问方面的指导方针是技术增强的四倍。我们还发现,随着新冠肺炎疫情的爆发,我们的教师主要使用额外的软件,更多的是在线提供。•以人为中心的计算→可访问性理论、概念和范式;•无障碍技术;•社会和专业话题→残疾人。
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引用次数: 5
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion 第九届增强可访问性和对抗信息排斥的软件开发和技术国际会议论文集
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引用次数: 3
A Digital Solution to Surpass Incidents on 100m Sprint for Paralympic Visually Impaired Athletes 残奥会视障运动员100米短跑事故的数字解决方案
Stefane Rego, Emília Leal, A. Martins, Ana Carolina Oliveira Lima, Nilton Cesar, Luiz Alberto Queiroz Cordovil Júnior, N. Rocha
There is a great concern in the Paralympic field about the occurrence of incidents such as falls and disqualifications among other problems involving visually impaired athletes. The main goal of the study reported by this paper was to identify the incidents related to the orientation process based on the connection by a rope between an athlete and the respective guide on the 100m sprint for Paralympic visually impaired athletes. This allowed to elicit the requirements of a possible solution based on information technologies to optimize orientation in running tracks. To identify the type of incidents, 186 official championship videos of T11 to T13 sports’ classes of the 100m sprint races were analyzed, and all incidents were registered. The incidents were defined according to the International Paralympic Committee rules and include errors or fails, performance issues, unfinished races, and disqualifications. The results show that in almost half of the races there were incidents that affected the dynamics of the athlete-guide pair. Therefore, the results indicate difficulties in performing a synchronized and incidents free race using only one rope to guide the visually impaired athletes, and make it clear that they would benefit from a digital solution to improve their perception of what surrounds them, namely by providing information about the running tracks, routes and locations. These results could impact the Paralympic sport, namely by minimizing the interferences of the guides on the performance of the visually impaired athletes.
在残奥领域,人们非常关注视力受损运动员在其他问题中发生的摔倒和取消参赛资格等事件。本文研究的主要目的是在残疾人视障运动员100米短跑比赛中,通过运动员和各自的指导员之间的绳子连接来识别与定向过程相关的事件。这可以引出一个基于信息技术的可能解决方案的需求,以优化跑道的方向。为了确定事件类型,我们分析了186个T11 - T13级100米短跑比赛的官方冠军视频,并对所有事件进行了登记。这些事件是根据国际残奥委员会的规则定义的,包括错误或失败、表现问题、未完成比赛和取消资格。结果表明,在几乎一半的比赛中,有一些事件影响了运动员-向导对的动力。因此,研究结果表明,仅使用一根绳子来指导视障运动员进行同步和无事故比赛的困难,并明确指出,他们将受益于数字解决方案,即通过提供有关跑道、路线和位置的信息来提高他们对周围环境的感知。这些结果可能会影响残奥会运动,即通过最大限度地减少导盲器对视障运动员表现的干扰。
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引用次数: 0
Is Simple English Wikipedia As Simple And Easy-to-Understand As We Expect It To Be? 简单的英文维基百科像我们期望的那样简单易懂吗?
Sanja Štajner, Sergiu Nisioi, Daniel Ibanez
Conceptual complexity of a written text plays an important role in maintaining reader's interest in reading it. Therefore, automatic text simplification systems should, apart from considering lexical and syntactic complexity of a text, also consider the conceptual complexity. In this study, we analyze and compare two widely used English text simplification corpora, one professionally produced (Newsela) and the other collaboratively made by amateurs and enthusiasts (English Wikipedia–Simple English Wikipedia), focusing on 19 conceptual complexity features. The results indicated that simplification operations made during the production of Simple English Wikipedia in many cases do not follow the patterns of the professionally simplified corpora, thus casting doubts on adequacy of using Simple English Wikipedia as training material for automatic text simplification systems.
书面文本的概念复杂性对保持读者的阅读兴趣起着重要的作用。因此,文本自动简化系统除了要考虑文本的词汇和句法复杂性外,还要考虑文本的概念复杂性。在这项研究中,我们分析和比较了两个广泛使用的英语文本简化语料库,一个是专业制作的(Newsela),另一个是由业余爱好者和爱好者合作制作的(英语维基百科-简单英语维基百科),重点关注19个概念复杂性特征。结果表明,在简单英语维基百科制作过程中进行的简化操作在很多情况下并没有遵循专业简化语料库的模式,从而对使用简单英语维基百科作为自动文本简化系统的训练材料的充分性产生了怀疑。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of wizards for eliciting users’ accessibility preferences 评估向导以获取用户的可访问性偏好
Dennis Paulino, Paulo Pinheiro, Jorge Rocha, P. Martins, Tânia Rocha, J. Barroso, H. Paredes
Tailoring of the user experience to each individual´s needs and preferences can lead to more accessible solutions. Adaptation has a key role on matching the systems characteristics with the user needs. This can be achieved with personalization (system-driven adaptation) or customization (user-driven adaptation). Personalization have good results on matching the user needs but raises concerns about privacy and how the information is retrieved. Customizations require that the user manually choose the preferences configuration. This article proposed two versions of a web wizard to elicit the accessibility preferences. One version was based on a quiz and the other one presented small interactive activities. The activities version was proposed to help reduce the burden of configuration by implicitly eliciting the user preferences through interactive small activities. The preliminary results with healthy participants suggest that both versions obtained a positive evaluation. However, there was no major difference between each wizard. The causes of these findings are discussed.
根据每个人的需求和偏好定制用户体验可以带来更易于访问的解决方案。适应在使系统特性与用户需求相匹配方面起着关键作用。这可以通过个性化(系统驱动的适应)或定制(用户驱动的适应)来实现。个性化在满足用户需求方面有很好的效果,但也引起了对隐私和如何检索信息的担忧。自定义要求用户手动选择首选项配置。本文提出了两个版本的web向导来引出可访问性首选项。一个版本是基于测验,另一个是小型互动活动。活动版本的提出是为了通过交互式的小活动来隐式地引出用户偏好,从而帮助减少配置的负担。对健康参与者的初步结果表明,两种版本都获得了积极的评价。然而,每个巫师之间并没有什么大的区别。讨论了这些发现的原因。
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引用次数: 4
Towards a Prosodic Model for Synthesized Speech of Mathematical Expressions in MathML MathML中数学表达式合成语音的韵律模型
Adriana Souza, D. Freitas
The use of the MathML language made possible to improve the accessibility of mathematics for blind or low-vision persons in digital media. Synthetic speech technologies have advanced significantly using MathML, however, the speech synthesizers' standard reading style is still not suitable for mathematics. Making mathematical reading of the speech synthesizers more natural and expressive is still a challenge. The creation of models to produce the appropriate prosody in the synthesized speech of math content is therefore necessary, as shown in previous research. This article presents a proposal for a model to improve prosody in the synthesized speech of mathematical expressions based on MathML. A corpus of mathematical expressions spoken by Mathematics teachers was created to support the model's development. The Fujisaki intonation model was adopted for intonation control, accent and phrase commands have been extracted from the corpus, and some adjustments have been made to manipulate prosodic parameters in the speech of mathematical expression in correlation with the MathML tree; additionally, a pattern of pauses control is being created.
MathML语言的使用使盲人或弱视人士在数字媒体上更容易获得数学知识成为可能。使用MathML,合成语音技术有了很大的进步,然而,语音合成器的标准阅读风格仍然不适合数学。使语音合成器的数学阅读更加自然和富有表现力仍然是一个挑战。因此,如以往的研究所示,在数学内容的合成语音中创建产生适当韵律的模型是必要的。本文提出了一种基于MathML的数学表达式合成语音韵律改善模型。建立了数学教师的数学表达语料库,以支持模型的发展。采用Fujisaki语调模型进行语调控制,从语料库中提取重音和短语命令,并根据MathML树对数学表达式语音中的韵律参数进行调整;此外,还创建了一个暂停控制模式。
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引用次数: 2
Integration of Health and Public Transport Data to Enable Decision Support for Seniors to Reduce Risk of Infection with Communicable Diseases 整合卫生和公共交通数据,为老年人提供决策支持,以减少传染病感染风险
P. Urbauer, M. Forjan
The ageing population puts challenges on countries worldwide. New concepts under the term Smart Cities are developed globally to face these challenges. The application of information and communication technology can be used as a driver for new innovative and more efficient processes supporting citizens in smart cities. An example is the optimization of everyday life processes like routine medical examinations of seniors during epidemic outbreaks like COVID-19. In this work we propose a novel standards-based IT system to enable evidence-based decision support for seniors, based on the integration of health and public transport data. The system supports seniors to take a safe path with the public transport in a smart city for their routine medical examinations during epidemic outbreaks like COVID-19. Furthermore, we describe the standardized integration of public transport data in the system as the first implementation step of the project. The requirements for the system were defined by a use case described through a sequence diagram, which was subsequently used to define the proposed system's IT architecture. As a first step of the prototype implementation, the integration of public transport data in the system was done using medical interoperability standards. Conformance tests were performed by applying the HL7 FHIR specification 3.0.1 through the official HL7 FHIR validator. The used standards could successfully be applied in the pilot. Semantic interoperability was supported through definition of code lists. The next steps of the prototype implementation include an update to HL7 FHIR 4.0.1 specification, the integration of the telemonitoring branch and the integration of the data from the Epidemiologic Reporting System based on HL7 FHIR.
人口老龄化给世界各国带来了挑战。为了应对这些挑战,全球正在开发智能城市这一术语下的新概念。信息和通信技术的应用可以推动新的创新和更有效的流程,为智慧城市的公民提供支持。例如,在COVID-19等疫情暴发期间,优化老年人的常规体检等日常生活流程。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的基于标准的IT系统,以整合健康和公共交通数据为基础,为老年人提供基于证据的决策支持。该系统支持老年人在2019冠状病毒病等疫情期间,在智慧城市乘坐公共交通工具安全出行,进行常规体检。此外,我们将系统中公共交通数据的标准化集成描述为项目实施的第一步。系统的需求由通过序列图描述的用例定义,该用例随后用于定义所提议的系统的IT体系结构。作为原型实现的第一步,使用医疗互操作性标准将公共交通数据集成到系统中。通过官方的HL7 FHIR验证器应用HL7 FHIR规范3.0.1来执行一致性测试。所使用的标准可以成功地在试点中应用。通过定义代码列表来支持语义互操作性。原型实现的下一步包括对HL7 FHIR 4.0.1规范的更新、远程监控分支的集成以及基于HL7 FHIR的流行病学报告系统的数据集成。
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引用次数: 0
How Accessibility Is For Everyone – A Deaf User Perspective 如何为每个人提供可访问性-聋人用户的视角
Rui Pinheiro, J. Barroso, Tânia Rocha
When something is written regarding the need of accessibility, the authors typically put the emphasis in how it is something valuable for the people with disabilities (PwD) that need that accessibility in the first place in order to become included in the society; others follow the more debatable via of the human rights or the strive for a more humanist and inclusive society, even if such accessibility provision ends being legally enforced. Any benefits to non-PwD are usually seen as secondary effects due to PwDs becoming more autonomous or needing less support once the accessibility occurs to some extent. This article drives in a different direction, exposing direct benefits to the non-PwD when the world is more accessible, even when no actual PwD is needing any accessibility. For that purpose, examples are presented with non-PwD being benefited rather than PwD due to accessibilities that were thought to serve only for the PwD.
当写一些关于无障碍需求的东西时,作者通常会强调它对残疾人(PwD)来说是有价值的,他们首先需要无障碍,以便融入社会;其他人则遵循更具争议性的人权或争取更人道主义和更包容的社会,即使这种无障碍条款最终被法律强制执行。对非残疾人士的任何好处通常被视为次要影响,因为一旦无障碍程度达到一定程度,残疾人士就会变得更加自主或需要更少的支持。本文从不同的方向出发,当世界变得更容易访问时,即使没有实际的PwD需要任何可访问性,也会向非PwD展示直接的好处。为了达到这个目的,我们列举了一些非残疾人士而非残疾人士受益的例子,因为人们认为这些无障碍设施只适用于残疾人士。
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引用次数: 0
The Study of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Software Development for Children with Complex Communication Needs 儿童复杂沟通需求的辅助与替代沟通软件开发研究
You-Kuo Liu, Tzu-You Huang, M. H. Luong
This study explored the communication needs of children with complex communication needs, and based on the input from special education teachers, parents, and academic experts, we developed a augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) software to run on iPad. The application is designed to be used not only for children's daily communication, but also for AAC professional training and academic research. The results of this research were also applied to a Rett syndrome child's functional vocabulary training, and the results were positive.
本研究探讨了具有复杂沟通需求的儿童的沟通需求,并根据特殊教育教师、家长和学术专家的意见,开发了一款在iPad上运行的辅助和替代沟通(AAC)软件。该应用程序不仅用于儿童的日常交流,还用于AAC的专业培训和学术研究。本研究结果也应用于Rett综合征儿童的功能词汇训练,取得了积极的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Working Memory Evaluation in Students with Dyslexia: A Memory Game in Three Different Modality Stimuli 阅读障碍学生的工作记忆评价:三种不同模态刺激下的记忆游戏
Eleni Koustriava, Dimitra Paschalidou
It has been suggested that individuals with dyslexia face non-verbal working memory constraints. While educational practices towards multisensory learning gain ground, studies have proved that additional stimuli can cause the redundancy effect. The present study aimed to examine working memory challenges, the impact of additional stimuli of different modalities, and the contribution of kinesthetic information. Twenty students with dyslexia and twenty students without dyslexia participated in a memory game. The results verified the existence of working memory deficits of individuals with dyslexia as well as the impact of redundancy effect.
有研究表明,患有阅读障碍的个体面临非语言工作记忆的限制。虽然多感官学习的教育实践越来越多,但研究证明,额外的刺激会导致冗余效应。本研究旨在探讨工作记忆的挑战,不同形式的额外刺激的影响,以及动觉信息的贡献。20名有阅读障碍的学生和20名没有阅读障碍的学生参加了一个记忆游戏。研究结果验证了失读症患者工作记忆缺陷的存在以及冗余效应的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion
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