Lázaro Rodríguez‐Ariza, Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros, Jennifer Martínez‐Ferrero, Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez
This article analyzes a panel of 550 international firms, for the period 2004 to 2010, to compare the role of female directors in family and non-family firms in promoting responsible practices. Many studies have associated the presence of women on the board with a higher degree of socially responsible commitment. However, we found that this is much less so in family firms than in non-family firms. In family firms, corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment does not vary significantly with the presence of female directors, as the latter tend to behave in accordance with the family orientation toward CSR. This orientation depends on the stakeholders being addressed, with greater social responsibility shown toward external stakeholders than internal ones.
{"title":"The Role of Female Directors in Promoting CSR Practices: An International Comparison between Family and Non‐Family Businesses","authors":"Lázaro Rodríguez‐Ariza, Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros, Jennifer Martínez‐Ferrero, Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez","doi":"10.1111/beer.12140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12140","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes a panel of 550 international firms, for the period 2004 to 2010, to compare the role of female directors in family and non-family firms in promoting responsible practices. Many studies have associated the presence of women on the board with a higher degree of socially responsible commitment. However, we found that this is much less so in family firms than in non-family firms. In family firms, corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment does not vary significantly with the presence of female directors, as the latter tend to behave in accordance with the family orientation toward CSR. This orientation depends on the stakeholders being addressed, with greater social responsibility shown toward external stakeholders than internal ones.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127423616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Talent Management is found to significantly impact the organizational competitive performance and thus, has received increased research and practitioners’ attention over the past two decades. The shortage of talent has pushed the corporates to a war for talent which focuses on attracting, engaging and retaining the right talent over competitors. The strategies of attracting the right talent therefore have become the vital first step in Talent Management. The existing literature suggests Corporate Social Performance (CSP) to facilitate attracting the right talent. However, the literature emphasizes the need for context specific research to identify factors influencing talent attraction. Meantime, if and how CSP assists talent attraction in Sri Lankan context has received very limited attention. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on understanding the role of CSP on talent attraction in the Sri Lankan context. The paper aims to develop a conceptual framework which will bring meaningful insights to investigate the relationships between organizations’ CSP, and their ability to attract the right talent. Drawing from the literature the paper first identifies different factors influencing talent attraction, the dimensions of CSP and the level of impact CSP has had on talent attraction in other contexts. Second, the conceptual framework is presented. Third, the paper suggests an experimental design which can be used in empirical studies along with recommendations for future research. Keywords: Corporate Social Performance, (CSP), Talent Attraction, Talent Management
{"title":"The Role of Corporate Social Performance (CSP) on the Talent Attraction: A Conceptual Framework","authors":"T. M. Lewwanduwage, U. Amarakoon, T. Rupasinghe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2909444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2909444","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Talent Management is found to significantly impact the organizational competitive performance and thus, has received increased research and practitioners’ attention over the past two decades. The shortage of talent has pushed the corporates to a war for talent which focuses on attracting, engaging and retaining the right talent over competitors. The strategies of attracting the right talent therefore have become the vital first step in Talent Management. The existing literature suggests Corporate Social Performance (CSP) to facilitate attracting the right talent. However, the literature emphasizes the need for context specific research to identify factors influencing talent attraction. Meantime, if and how CSP assists talent attraction in Sri Lankan context has received very limited attention. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on understanding the role of CSP on talent attraction in the Sri Lankan context. The paper aims to develop a conceptual framework which will bring meaningful insights to investigate the relationships between organizations’ CSP, and their ability to attract the right talent. Drawing from the literature the paper first identifies different factors influencing talent attraction, the dimensions of CSP and the level of impact CSP has had on talent attraction in other contexts. Second, the conceptual framework is presented. Third, the paper suggests an experimental design which can be used in empirical studies along with recommendations for future research. Keywords: Corporate Social Performance, (CSP), Talent Attraction, Talent Management","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128963447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper will address a few critical components of social change and social justice including social responsibility, social change, public policy initiatives, and the role of social entrepreneurs in mobilizing communities through building partnership and coalitions for achieving social change. The AEA model will be the main feature of the paper that includes three key elements of Awareness, Empowerment, and Action as its pillars supplemented by addressing the key role of public policy in providing the legal and Implementation base for social change and the pivotal role of social entrepreneurship in facilitating the whole change process. A brief reference to Levin’s Force Field and Change models as well as the role of technology and ethics as they relate to social change process will be addressed too.
{"title":"Social Responsibility and Social Change: How to Engage in Public Policy Process Via Social Entrepreneurship","authors":"A. Zomorrodian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2703070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2703070","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will address a few critical components of social change and social justice including social responsibility, social change, public policy initiatives, and the role of social entrepreneurs in mobilizing communities through building partnership and coalitions for achieving social change. The AEA model will be the main feature of the paper that includes three key elements of Awareness, Empowerment, and Action as its pillars supplemented by addressing the key role of public policy in providing the legal and Implementation base for social change and the pivotal role of social entrepreneurship in facilitating the whole change process. A brief reference to Levin’s Force Field and Change models as well as the role of technology and ethics as they relate to social change process will be addressed too.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128219530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We explore the notion that corporate citizenship, as obtained through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), is used by managers to protect firm value, helping their firm better withstand negative business shocks. We formally explore two parallel mechanisms for such protection .one of building moral capital (CSR Contributions) and another of improving investor posteriors (CSR Investments). We find some theoretical and empirical support for both of these, but in different settings. In particular, we find that firms with higher CSR Investments enjoy an average of $1 billion of saved firm value upon an adverse event. In contrast, CSR Contribution firms lose value (on average) upon an event, possibly due to disingenuous contributions. Meanwhile, due to managerial moral hazard, firms with high levels of CSR Contributions face adverse events more often, whereas those with high levels of CSR Investments face them less often.
{"title":"The Value of Corporate Citizenship: Protection","authors":"Dylan Minor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2651890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2651890","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the notion that corporate citizenship, as obtained through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), is used by managers to protect firm value, helping their firm better withstand negative business shocks. We formally explore two parallel mechanisms for such protection .one of building moral capital (CSR Contributions) and another of improving investor posteriors (CSR Investments). We find some theoretical and empirical support for both of these, but in different settings. In particular, we find that firms with higher CSR Investments enjoy an average of $1 billion of saved firm value upon an adverse event. In contrast, CSR Contribution firms lose value (on average) upon an event, possibly due to disingenuous contributions. Meanwhile, due to managerial moral hazard, firms with high levels of CSR Contributions face adverse events more often, whereas those with high levels of CSR Investments face them less often.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130823108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I begin by clarifying Machiavelli’s overly simplified platitude: a leader should be loved or feared. I also show that Machiavelli’s short-term political paradigm is present in business and that raises ethical and economic conflicts. I believe these conflicts could be obviated with the ethics of care. I thereby introduce the ethics of care as defined by Virginia Held with focus on care as the larger framework in which regulations should fit. I then develop the view of business [with care] that habituates actions to yield intended consequences, as care is entirely concerned with long-term goals. I examine care through a closer understanding of individuals, relationships, and concepts of ownership. I include a case study on the financial crisis to show how public systems would fall apart without care. I conclude with a perspective on that, and how the crisis was unique to the housing bubble and not previous recessions following the Great Depression.
{"title":"Reconciling the Uncertainties of Business and the Ethics of Care","authors":"Sarah Adel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2624419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2624419","url":null,"abstract":"I begin by clarifying Machiavelli’s overly simplified platitude: a leader should be loved or feared. I also show that Machiavelli’s short-term political paradigm is present in business and that raises ethical and economic conflicts. I believe these conflicts could be obviated with the ethics of care. I thereby introduce the ethics of care as defined by Virginia Held with focus on care as the larger framework in which regulations should fit. I then develop the view of business [with care] that habituates actions to yield intended consequences, as care is entirely concerned with long-term goals. I examine care through a closer understanding of individuals, relationships, and concepts of ownership. I include a case study on the financial crisis to show how public systems would fall apart without care. I conclude with a perspective on that, and how the crisis was unique to the housing bubble and not previous recessions following the Great Depression.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115920887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study reports about disaster risk assessment undertaken at Roburnia Plantation, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were followed to collect data. A total of eight experienced foresters and fire fighters were purposively sampled for interview at Roburnia Plantation. A questionnaire survey was also used to collect the data. Risk levels were quantified using the risks equations of Wisner et al. (2004) and the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR 2002). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA, single factor) was also applied. This study found that Roburnia Plantation is highly exposed to fire risks. The mean (± s.d.) output from the Wisner risk equation shows that fire is the highest risk at 7.7 ± 0.3, followed by harsh weather conditions at 5.6 ± 0.4 and least by tree diseases, pests and pathogens at 2.3 ± 0.2. Similarly, the mean (± s.d.) output from the UNISDR risk equation also shows that fire is the highest risk at 2.9 ± 0.2, followed by harsh weather conditions at 2.2 ± 0.3 and least by tree diseases, pests and pathogens at 1.3 ± 0.2. There was no significant deference in the risk analysis outputs (p = 0.13). This study also found that the number of fire incidents were low during summer, but increased during winter and spring. This variation is mainly due to a converse relationship with rainfall, because the availability of rain moistens the area as well as the fuel. When the area and fuel is moist, fire incidents are reduced, but they increase with a decrease in fuel moisture.
{"title":"Disaster Risk Assessment at Roburnia Plantation, Mpumalanga, South Africa","authors":"R. Makhado, A. Saidi","doi":"10.4102/JAMBA.V5I1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JAMBA.V5I1.64","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports about disaster risk assessment undertaken at Roburnia Plantation, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were followed to collect data. A total of eight experienced foresters and fire fighters were purposively sampled for interview at Roburnia Plantation. A questionnaire survey was also used to collect the data. Risk levels were quantified using the risks equations of Wisner et al. (2004) and the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR 2002). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA, single factor) was also applied. This study found that Roburnia Plantation is highly exposed to fire risks. The mean (± s.d.) output from the Wisner risk equation shows that fire is the highest risk at 7.7 ± 0.3, followed by harsh weather conditions at 5.6 ± 0.4 and least by tree diseases, pests and pathogens at 2.3 ± 0.2. Similarly, the mean (± s.d.) output from the UNISDR risk equation also shows that fire is the highest risk at 2.9 ± 0.2, followed by harsh weather conditions at 2.2 ± 0.3 and least by tree diseases, pests and pathogens at 1.3 ± 0.2. There was no significant deference in the risk analysis outputs (p = 0.13). This study also found that the number of fire incidents were low during summer, but increased during winter and spring. This variation is mainly due to a converse relationship with rainfall, because the availability of rain moistens the area as well as the fuel. When the area and fuel is moist, fire incidents are reduced, but they increase with a decrease in fuel moisture.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green revolutions, going green, environmental protection, sustainable life style, sustainable development, protecting our earth and many more have become a natural phenomenon in our everyday life. Green marketing is a tool used by many companies in various industries to follow this trend. This concept has enabled for the re-marketing and packaging of existing products which already adhere to such guidelines. Additionally, the development of green marketing has opened the door of opportunity for companies to co brand their products into separate line, lauding the green-friendliness of some while ignoring that of others. This paper mainly focuses on the concept, need, importance & strategy of green marketing in India. Researcher also examines the present scenario of green marketing and reasons that organizations are adopting green marketing as a tool for sustainable development. Data has to be collected from multiple sources of evidence to understand the importance of green and sustainability management, in addition to books, journals, websites, and news papers. The paper analyses whether the manufacturers are cognizant about green products and eco-labeling, and also the difficulties in implementing green marketing. A guideline is given to the Indian manufacturers for producing green marketing products.
{"title":"Green Marketing: A Tool for Sustainable Development","authors":"H. L. Bhaskar","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2739324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2739324","url":null,"abstract":"Green revolutions, going green, environmental protection, sustainable life style, sustainable development, protecting our earth and many more have become a natural phenomenon in our everyday life. Green marketing is a tool used by many companies in various industries to follow this trend. This concept has enabled for the re-marketing and packaging of existing products which already adhere to such guidelines. Additionally, the development of green marketing has opened the door of opportunity for companies to co brand their products into separate line, lauding the green-friendliness of some while ignoring that of others. This paper mainly focuses on the concept, need, importance & strategy of green marketing in India. Researcher also examines the present scenario of green marketing and reasons that organizations are adopting green marketing as a tool for sustainable development. Data has to be collected from multiple sources of evidence to understand the importance of green and sustainability management, in addition to books, journals, websites, and news papers. The paper analyses whether the manufacturers are cognizant about green products and eco-labeling, and also the difficulties in implementing green marketing. A guideline is given to the Indian manufacturers for producing green marketing products.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123141038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Price fixing is an illegal activity with heavy penalties, yet corporations continue to be indicted for the practice. To stop the chance your company is engaging in illegal price fixing, employ these three strategies. First, educate managers as to the disastrous consequences of price fixing and the high likelihood of exposure. Second, require that relevant managers endorse a code of ethical conduct and sign agreements not to discuss price with competitors. Third, have some elementary price auditing done to identify any suspicious regularities occurring between resellers of your product, or between your prices and competitors' prices. These strategies require little investment, but can help avoid highly toxic behavior and outcomes.
{"title":"How to Save Your Company Tens of Millions: Avoid Illegal Pricing Practices","authors":"J. Dawes","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2281580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2281580","url":null,"abstract":"Price fixing is an illegal activity with heavy penalties, yet corporations continue to be indicted for the practice. To stop the chance your company is engaging in illegal price fixing, employ these three strategies. First, educate managers as to the disastrous consequences of price fixing and the high likelihood of exposure. Second, require that relevant managers endorse a code of ethical conduct and sign agreements not to discuss price with competitors. Third, have some elementary price auditing done to identify any suspicious regularities occurring between resellers of your product, or between your prices and competitors' prices. These strategies require little investment, but can help avoid highly toxic behavior and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130541707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is often overlooked that British Petroleum (BP) was among the commercial solar energy pioneers and one of the largest fully integrated photovoltaics companies. Following the 1970s oil crises, BP built its subsidiary BP Solar. But in 2011, in the wake of changing policy regimes, falling module prices and fierce competition, BP Solar was closed. However, before these developments occurred the company had a “solar business case.” This paper shows how this business case was realised and how BP tried to maintain it. BP’s annual reporting from 1998 to 2011 was studied by means of software-supported text analysis. A framework from sustainability management research structured the re-construction of the strategic drivers and business model innovations behind BP’s solar business. It is found that an accommodative strategy was applied and realised through two business model innovation paths, i.e. the optimisation of module manufacturing combined with completely new distribution models.
{"title":"BP's Solar Business Model - A Case Study on BP's Solar Business Case and Its Drivers","authors":"Florian Lüdeke‐Freund","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2269852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2269852","url":null,"abstract":"It is often overlooked that British Petroleum (BP) was among the commercial solar energy pioneers and one of the largest fully integrated photovoltaics companies. Following the 1970s oil crises, BP built its subsidiary BP Solar. But in 2011, in the wake of changing policy regimes, falling module prices and fierce competition, BP Solar was closed. However, before these developments occurred the company had a “solar business case.” This paper shows how this business case was realised and how BP tried to maintain it. BP’s annual reporting from 1998 to 2011 was studied by means of software-supported text analysis. A framework from sustainability management research structured the re-construction of the strategic drivers and business model innovations behind BP’s solar business. It is found that an accommodative strategy was applied and realised through two business model innovation paths, i.e. the optimisation of module manufacturing combined with completely new distribution models.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130391676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I analyze optimal natural resource use in an intergenerational model with the risk of a catastrophe. Each generation maximizes a weighted sum of discounted utility (positive) and the probability that a catastrophe will occur at any point in the future (negative). The model generates time- inconsistency as generations disagree on the relative weights on utility and catastrophe prevention. As a consequence, future generations emit too much from the current generation’s perspective and a dynamic game ensues. I consider a sequence of models. When the environmental problem is related to a scarce exhaustible resource, early generations have an in-incentive to reduce emissions in Markov equilibrium in order to enhance the ecosystem’s resilience to future emissions. When the pollutant is expected to become obsolete in the near future, early generations may however in- crease their emissions if this reduces future emissions. When polluting inputs are abundant and expected to remain essential, the catastrophe becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy and the degree of concern for catastrophe prevention has limited or even no effect on equilibrium behaviour.
{"title":"Environmental Catastrophes under Time-Inconsistent Preferences","authors":"T. Michielsen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2228013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2228013","url":null,"abstract":"I analyze optimal natural resource use in an intergenerational model with the risk of a catastrophe. Each generation maximizes a weighted sum of discounted utility (positive) and the probability that a catastrophe will occur at any point in the future (negative). The model generates time- inconsistency as generations disagree on the relative weights on utility and catastrophe prevention. As a consequence, future generations emit too much from the current generation’s perspective and a dynamic game ensues. I consider a sequence of models. When the environmental problem is related to a scarce exhaustible resource, early generations have an in-incentive to reduce emissions in Markov equilibrium in order to enhance the ecosystem’s resilience to future emissions. When the pollutant is expected to become obsolete in the near future, early generations may however in- crease their emissions if this reduces future emissions. When polluting inputs are abundant and expected to remain essential, the catastrophe becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy and the degree of concern for catastrophe prevention has limited or even no effect on equilibrium behaviour.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122380085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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