I propose a conceptual model that shows management commitment leading to better environmental performance and better financial performance. The model will be tested using factor analysis and regression on data from Canadian companies in the extractive sector from three points in time, 2004, 2008 and 2011, with the objective of identifying the discrete management decisions that lead to better performance. I use two alternative measures of environmental performance. The first is the volume of emissions recorded in Environment Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory database; the second is the asset retirement obligation disclosed in companies’ balance sheets. At this point the research is very incomplete as I have data for 2008 only. However the descriptive statistics are provocative. For example, the positive correlation between the remediation liabilities and emissions suggest what might be interpreted as a ‘halo effect’. The factor(s) that contribute to good performance in these two disparate performance metrics need(s) to be identified, which is the goal of this work. Also, when company size is considered, emissions vary considerably for both large and small companies, suggesting again that specific though yet to be identified management commitments lead to significantly different performance. When complete, this research will provide insight into the timing and scope of actions that must be taken to reduce negative environmental impacts, and provide managers with insight to formulate both long and mid-term operational strategies.
{"title":"Environmental Management Commitments: Impacts on Environmental Performance, Profitability, and Financial Risk (Preliminary Phase of Study)","authors":"V. Magness","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2201011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2201011","url":null,"abstract":"I propose a conceptual model that shows management commitment leading to better environmental performance and better financial performance. The model will be tested using factor analysis and regression on data from Canadian companies in the extractive sector from three points in time, 2004, 2008 and 2011, with the objective of identifying the discrete management decisions that lead to better performance. I use two alternative measures of environmental performance. The first is the volume of emissions recorded in Environment Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory database; the second is the asset retirement obligation disclosed in companies’ balance sheets. At this point the research is very incomplete as I have data for 2008 only. However the descriptive statistics are provocative. For example, the positive correlation between the remediation liabilities and emissions suggest what might be interpreted as a ‘halo effect’. The factor(s) that contribute to good performance in these two disparate performance metrics need(s) to be identified, which is the goal of this work. Also, when company size is considered, emissions vary considerably for both large and small companies, suggesting again that specific though yet to be identified management commitments lead to significantly different performance. When complete, this research will provide insight into the timing and scope of actions that must be taken to reduce negative environmental impacts, and provide managers with insight to formulate both long and mid-term operational strategies.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134233947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was designed to explore the need for sound behavior and managerial excellence through employed women and men in Nigeria and make necessary recommendations. Managing diversity is about the realization of the potential of all employees. Diversity is both an ethical question as well as a productivity issue. It is a combination that extends to personnel and human resource management functions. Any organization that values and promotes diversity creates a work environment that respects and supports employees with non-traditional backgrounds so that they can contribute to their fullest productivity potential. The survey research design was used while the questionnaire and personal interview methods were used to generate data for the study. The respondents were selected through the simple random sampling technique. Data analyses were done through tables, frequencies, percentages and the X2 statistics. It was found that diversity management was not being promoted among employed women and men in Nigeria. Eleven recommendations were made based on the result of the study.
{"title":"Ethics and Managerial Excellence Through Diversity Management Among Employed Women and Men in Nigeria","authors":"J. Ugoani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2185332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2185332","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to explore the need for sound behavior and managerial excellence through employed women and men in Nigeria and make necessary recommendations. Managing diversity is about the realization of the potential of all employees. Diversity is both an ethical question as well as a productivity issue. It is a combination that extends to personnel and human resource management functions. Any organization that values and promotes diversity creates a work environment that respects and supports employees with non-traditional backgrounds so that they can contribute to their fullest productivity potential. The survey research design was used while the questionnaire and personal interview methods were used to generate data for the study. The respondents were selected through the simple random sampling technique. Data analyses were done through tables, frequencies, percentages and the X2 statistics. It was found that diversity management was not being promoted among employed women and men in Nigeria. Eleven recommendations were made based on the result of the study.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121521142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-8616.2012.00894.X
Tim Brooks
The benefits of corporate social responsibility initiatives have long been debated; and even the best‐laid plans, under scrutiny, can show possible flaws. What really happens when first world corporations meet third world development? Tim Brooks provides insights from the Katine Project in Uganda, which enjoyed wide support and notable praise, but whose legacy is still questioned.
{"title":"Social Enterprise: The Katine Legacy","authors":"Tim Brooks","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-8616.2012.00894.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-8616.2012.00894.X","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of corporate social responsibility initiatives have long been debated; and even the best‐laid plans, under scrutiny, can show possible flaws. What really happens when first world corporations meet third world development? Tim Brooks provides insights from the Katine Project in Uganda, which enjoyed wide support and notable praise, but whose legacy is still questioned.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cooperation and CSR have various facets in common since CSR represents an integral part of cooperatives’ values. Indeed, cooperatives have a long tradition in combining economic viability with social responsibility, as their organization generates a more immediate relationship between shareholders and stakeholders thus making it is easier to achieve the necessary balance between their diverse interests. In the paper we set out a model that considers producer cooperatives engaged in strategic CSR. Our focus is on the role of consumers’ demand for CSR products, according to the so called “bottom-up pressure”, that is consumers’ initiative in appreciating CSR. We enrich the above approach with the idea that the adoption of socially and environmentally responsible practices in production is a specific feature of goods improving their “quality” and represents a novel type of product differentiation. Hence, our model builds on the strand of literature about heterogeneous firms in monopolistic competition, developed by the recent “new-new” trade theory, that incorporates quality product differentiation. In a closed economy with CSR option in production, we derive each producer cooperative’s optimal choices with reference both to prices and the level of ethical standards. Albeit cooperatives differ with respect to the productivity of their members/workers, the solutions to both optimization problems are the same for all cooperatives, pointing to heterogeneity in the net income per member. In addition, our analysis confirms the role of consumers’ “bottom-up pressure”, since cooperatives’ optimal level of ethical standards is positively linked to the intensity of the preference of “concerned” consumers for CSR goods.
{"title":"Heterogeneous Producers’ Cooperatives and Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"L. Giallonardo, Marcella Mulino","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2133947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2133947","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation and CSR have various facets in common since CSR represents an integral part of cooperatives’ values. Indeed, cooperatives have a long tradition in combining economic viability with social responsibility, as their organization generates a more immediate relationship between shareholders and stakeholders thus making it is easier to achieve the necessary balance between their diverse interests. In the paper we set out a model that considers producer cooperatives engaged in strategic CSR. Our focus is on the role of consumers’ demand for CSR products, according to the so called “bottom-up pressure”, that is consumers’ initiative in appreciating CSR. We enrich the above approach with the idea that the adoption of socially and environmentally responsible practices in production is a specific feature of goods improving their “quality” and represents a novel type of product differentiation. Hence, our model builds on the strand of literature about heterogeneous firms in monopolistic competition, developed by the recent “new-new” trade theory, that incorporates quality product differentiation. In a closed economy with CSR option in production, we derive each producer cooperative’s optimal choices with reference both to prices and the level of ethical standards. Albeit cooperatives differ with respect to the productivity of their members/workers, the solutions to both optimization problems are the same for all cooperatives, pointing to heterogeneity in the net income per member. In addition, our analysis confirms the role of consumers’ “bottom-up pressure”, since cooperatives’ optimal level of ethical standards is positively linked to the intensity of the preference of “concerned” consumers for CSR goods.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114657227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strictly speaking, business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that addresses the moral features of commercial activity. In practice, however, various studies may fall under this category, as long as they touch upon such issues as moral values and beliefs, (in)justice, legal compliance and the like, as related to management-employee relationship, or, generally, a company's relations with its stakeholders. Previous research has, for instance, dealt with the behaviour of individuals when faced with ethical choices, assessment of choices made by business executives (Jones 1991; Trevino 1986), with the interest focused on the effects of situational or contextual variables on ethical behaviour (e.g. Ford and Richardson 1994; Jones and Kavanagh 1996; Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran 2005; Robertson and Ross 1995; Trevino 1986). Quinn (1997) suggested a distinction between personal ethics and business ethics, He found some evidence that people's personal ethical attitudes are not brought to bear on business issues. Carlson, Kacmar, and Wadsworth (2002) found that the context of a given situation had an effect on perceptions of ethical or non-ethical behaviour.The paper will discuss corporate business practices perceived through the lens of the employee’s work ethics; exposing the dichotomies and dilemmas faced by employees despite numerous business ethics policies and guidelines. To start with, work ethics will be presented from the cross-cultural perspective, spanning from work ethics and Islam and focusing on Saudi Arabia, to Japan and the impact of the Japanese culture on the Japanese work ethics. Against the background of cross-cultural differences in ethical values related to work, 'global' but 'Americanised' corporate business ethics, in particular that of American IT companies will be examined. The author will argue that translating policies and other business-ethics-related documents into several languages is an insufficient strategy in a multinational working environment, leading to increased clashes between the employee’s ethical values embedded in a given culture, on the one hand, and the imposed business ethics values of the parent company on the other. This in turn calls for more localised measures, which will be put forward tentatively.In particular, the author will look into corporate framing and execution of power by companies that goes against their codes of business ethics. Corporate code of ethics and business conduct are discussed since employees are supposed to familiarise themselves with it and apply its standards to their daily working life. All employee of a given company, regardless of employment level, position, or geographic location, are expected to meet its business values and to practise ethical behaviour in all business dealings. New employees are also commonly required to complete an internal ethics course, and then retake it in predefined intervals. Other documents will also be mentioned, whereby employee dilemmas in d
严格来说，商业伦理是研究商业活动道德特征的应用伦理学科。然而，在实践中，各种研究可能属于这一类，只要涉及到道德价值观和信仰，(在)正义，法律合规等问题，涉及到管理与员工的关系，或者，一般来说，公司与利益相关者的关系。例如，先前的研究处理了个人在面临道德选择时的行为，对企业高管所做选择的评估(Jones 1991;Trevino 1986)，其兴趣集中在情境或情境变量对道德行为的影响(例如Ford和Richardson 1994;Jones and Kavanagh 1996;催收- magnus and Viswesvaran 2005;罗伯逊和罗斯1995;Trevino 1986)。Quinn(1997)提出了个人伦理和商业伦理的区别，他发现一些证据表明，人们的个人伦理态度并没有对商业问题产生影响。Carlson, Kacmar和Wadsworth(2002)发现，特定情况的背景对道德或非道德行为的感知有影响。本文将讨论通过员工的职业道德的镜头感知企业的商业行为;揭露员工面临的矛盾和困境，尽管有许多商业道德政策和指导方针。首先，工作伦理将从跨文化的角度呈现，从工作伦理和伊斯兰教，重点是沙特阿拉伯，到日本以及日本文化对日本工作伦理的影响。在与工作有关的道德价值观的跨文化差异的背景下，“全球化”但“美国化”的企业商业道德，特别是美国IT公司的商业道德将被研究。作者认为，在跨国工作环境中，将政策和其他商业道德相关文件翻译成几种语言是一种不足的策略，这将导致员工在特定文化中嵌入的道德价值观与母公司强加的商业道德价值观之间的冲突增加。这反过来又要求采取更局部的措施，这些措施将暂时提出。特别是，作者将对违反企业道德准则的企业的权力结构和行使进行调查。公司的道德规范和商业行为的讨论，因为员工应该熟悉它，并将其标准应用到他们的日常工作生活。公司的所有员工，不论受雇级别、职位或地理位置，都应符合公司的商业价值，并在所有业务往来中奉行道德行为。新员工通常还需要完成一门内部道德课程，然后在预定的时间间隔内重新参加。还将提到其他文件，其中员工在与外部利益相关者(如合作伙伴和供应商)打交道时的困境(“合作伙伴和供应商代码”;“与合作伙伴关系的指示”)将予以考虑。
{"title":"Interrelation between Work Ethics and Business Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Perspective","authors":"Anna Danielewicz-Betz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2129747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2129747","url":null,"abstract":"Strictly speaking, business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that addresses the moral features of commercial activity. In practice, however, various studies may fall under this category, as long as they touch upon such issues as moral values and beliefs, (in)justice, legal compliance and the like, as related to management-employee relationship, or, generally, a company's relations with its stakeholders. Previous research has, for instance, dealt with the behaviour of individuals when faced with ethical choices, assessment of choices made by business executives (Jones 1991; Trevino 1986), with the interest focused on the effects of situational or contextual variables on ethical behaviour (e.g. Ford and Richardson 1994; Jones and Kavanagh 1996; Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran 2005; Robertson and Ross 1995; Trevino 1986). Quinn (1997) suggested a distinction between personal ethics and business ethics, He found some evidence that people's personal ethical attitudes are not brought to bear on business issues. Carlson, Kacmar, and Wadsworth (2002) found that the context of a given situation had an effect on perceptions of ethical or non-ethical behaviour.The paper will discuss corporate business practices perceived through the lens of the employee’s work ethics; exposing the dichotomies and dilemmas faced by employees despite numerous business ethics policies and guidelines. To start with, work ethics will be presented from the cross-cultural perspective, spanning from work ethics and Islam and focusing on Saudi Arabia, to Japan and the impact of the Japanese culture on the Japanese work ethics. Against the background of cross-cultural differences in ethical values related to work, 'global' but 'Americanised' corporate business ethics, in particular that of American IT companies will be examined. The author will argue that translating policies and other business-ethics-related documents into several languages is an insufficient strategy in a multinational working environment, leading to increased clashes between the employee’s ethical values embedded in a given culture, on the one hand, and the imposed business ethics values of the parent company on the other. This in turn calls for more localised measures, which will be put forward tentatively.In particular, the author will look into corporate framing and execution of power by companies that goes against their codes of business ethics. Corporate code of ethics and business conduct are discussed since employees are supposed to familiarise themselves with it and apply its standards to their daily working life. All employee of a given company, regardless of employment level, position, or geographic location, are expected to meet its business values and to practise ethical behaviour in all business dealings. New employees are also commonly required to complete an internal ethics course, and then retake it in predefined intervals. Other documents will also be mentioned, whereby employee dilemmas in d","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last two decades in OECD countries increasingly more firms are certifying as Socially Responsible (CSR is the acronym for Corporate Social Responsibility). This kind of certification is assigned by private companies that guarantee that a certain firm’s behaviour is environmentally and sociologically correct. Some papers (including Preston and O’Bannon, 1997; Waddock and Graves, 1997; McWilliams and Sieger, 2001; Ullman, 1985) tried to establish if there exists a link between Social Responsibility certification and the performance of firms. Their results were ambiguous and did not show any common connection. This ambiguity depends mainly on the static nature of their analyses and on the problem of whether performance is affected more by certification costs or by increasing sales due to an effect on reputation. Our work would like to discover whether certain performance indicators are affected by a firm’s social responsible behaviour and their certifications by looking at panel data. The novelty of our analysis is due to its dynamic aspect and from a CSR index that intersects two of the three main international indices (Domini 400 Social Index, Dow Jones Sustainability World Index, FTSE4Good Index), to be objective and obtain a representative sample. The main results seem to support the idea that CSR firms which are more virtuous, have better long run performance. They have some initial costs but obtain higher sales and profits due to several causes reputation effect, a reduction of long run costs and increased social responsible demand.
在过去的二十年里，在经合组织国家，越来越多的公司正在进行社会责任认证(CSR是企业社会责任的缩写)。这种认证是由私人公司颁发的，以保证某一公司的行为在环境和社会方面是正确的。一些论文(包括Preston和O 'Bannon, 1997;Waddock and Graves, 1997;McWilliams and Sieger, 2001;Ullman, 1985)试图建立社会责任认证与企业绩效之间是否存在联系。他们的结果模棱两可，没有显示出任何共同的联系。这种模糊性主要取决于他们分析的静态性质，以及绩效是否更多地受到认证成本的影响，还是由于声誉的影响而增加的销售。我们的工作是通过观察面板数据来发现某些绩效指标是否受到公司社会责任行为及其认证的影响。我们分析的新颖之处在于它的动态方面，并且从一个与三个主要国际指数(Domini 400 Social index, Dow Jones Sustainability World index, FTSE4Good index)中的两个交叉的CSR指数中，客观地获得一个有代表性的样本。主要结果似乎支持这样一种观点，即更有道德的CSR企业具有更好的长期绩效。它们有一定的初始成本，但由于声誉效应、长期成本的降低和社会责任需求的增加，它们获得了较高的销售和利润。
{"title":"Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect the Performance of Firms?","authors":"N. Comincioli, Laura Poddi, S. Vergalli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2124932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2124932","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades in OECD countries increasingly more firms are certifying as Socially Responsible (CSR is the acronym for Corporate Social Responsibility). This kind of certification is assigned by private companies that guarantee that a certain firm’s behaviour is environmentally and sociologically correct. Some papers (including Preston and O’Bannon, 1997; Waddock and Graves, 1997; McWilliams and Sieger, 2001; Ullman, 1985) tried to establish if there exists a link between Social Responsibility certification and the performance of firms. Their results were ambiguous and did not show any common connection. This ambiguity depends mainly on the static nature of their analyses and on the problem of whether performance is affected more by certification costs or by increasing sales due to an effect on reputation. Our work would like to discover whether certain performance indicators are affected by a firm’s social responsible behaviour and their certifications by looking at panel data. The novelty of our analysis is due to its dynamic aspect and from a CSR index that intersects two of the three main international indices (Domini 400 Social Index, Dow Jones Sustainability World Index, FTSE4Good Index), to be objective and obtain a representative sample. The main results seem to support the idea that CSR firms which are more virtuous, have better long run performance. They have some initial costs but obtain higher sales and profits due to several causes reputation effect, a reduction of long run costs and increased social responsible demand.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114647602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides empirical evidence from the capital market that ethical companies enjoy above-the-market-average performance. The analysis of risk premiums and risk adjusted returns of an equal-weighted portfolio of public firms ranked consecutively from 2007-2011 as the most ethical companies in the United States shows the average portfolio risk premiums are positive and greater than the market risk premiums for 3-year and 5-year holding period intervals; the average risk-adjusted excess returns are positive and statistically significant for the 3-year and 5-year holding period intervals. The implication of this study is that the firm’s commitment to be ethical will pay off in the long-turn, on average.
{"title":"Most Ethical Companies and Stock Performance: Empirical Evidence","authors":"V. Sum","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2060751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2060751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides empirical evidence from the capital market that ethical companies enjoy above-the-market-average performance. The analysis of risk premiums and risk adjusted returns of an equal-weighted portfolio of public firms ranked consecutively from 2007-2011 as the most ethical companies in the United States shows the average portfolio risk premiums are positive and greater than the market risk premiums for 3-year and 5-year holding period intervals; the average risk-adjusted excess returns are positive and statistically significant for the 3-year and 5-year holding period intervals. The implication of this study is that the firm’s commitment to be ethical will pay off in the long-turn, on average.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131168888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to shed light on the role of the Islamic Waqf as a tools of corporate social responsibility. Islamic Waqf can play an important role in activating the principle of corporate social responsibility through the following: - Achieving sustainable development through sustainability achieved by endowments. - Achieving the practice of corporate social responsibility better, to also include small and medium enterprises by contributing to the foundations. - The possibility of the contribution of many companies in the work of the Waqf and one open area to participate in the endowment for the development of its resources, and to achieve coordination between the various companies in the field of social responsibility. - The ability to work projects and a national strategy to solve chronic problems such as unemployment, literacy and others. - Reduce dependence on foreign grants -A link between the three forces, a business, government and civil society.
{"title":"Islamic Waqf as a Tools of Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"Hussein Elasrag","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2054699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2054699","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to shed light on the role of the Islamic Waqf as a tools of corporate social responsibility. Islamic Waqf can play an important role in activating the principle of corporate social responsibility through the following: - Achieving sustainable development through sustainability achieved by endowments. - Achieving the practice of corporate social responsibility better, to also include small and medium enterprises by contributing to the foundations. - The possibility of the contribution of many companies in the work of the Waqf and one open area to participate in the endowment for the development of its resources, and to achieve coordination between the various companies in the field of social responsibility. - The ability to work projects and a national strategy to solve chronic problems such as unemployment, literacy and others. - Reduce dependence on foreign grants -A link between the three forces, a business, government and civil society.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125936582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This note presents a simple model of Hirschman and Rothschild’s (1973) tunnel effect, which is generally interpreted as reducing inequality aversion. The model identifies two separate tunnel effects, associated with own-sector and inter-sector productivity shocks, that are closely related to two lines of empirical happiness research. Taken together, these effects produce a positive relationship between happiness and the rate of income growth and reduce inequality aversion among the rich. However, they increase inequality aversion among the poor, which is counter to the usual interpretation. This exercise suggests potential gains to formal modeling in the emerging happiness literature.
{"title":"Own-Sector and Inter-Sector Tunnel Effects: Implications for the Effects of Growth and Inequality on Happiness","authors":"Lewis S. Davis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2048076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2048076","url":null,"abstract":"This note presents a simple model of Hirschman and Rothschild’s (1973) tunnel effect, which is generally interpreted as reducing inequality aversion. The model identifies two separate tunnel effects, associated with own-sector and inter-sector productivity shocks, that are closely related to two lines of empirical happiness research. Taken together, these effects produce a positive relationship between happiness and the rate of income growth and reduce inequality aversion among the rich. However, they increase inequality aversion among the poor, which is counter to the usual interpretation. This exercise suggests potential gains to formal modeling in the emerging happiness literature.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130900813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article outlines the history and contents of ISO 26000, 'Guidance on Social Responsibility', compares it with three other international standards in the field of CSR, and then offers a brief critique of it.
{"title":"ISO 26000: Guiding Companies to Sustainability Through Social Responsibility?","authors":"Andrew Johnston","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2083479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2083479","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the history and contents of ISO 26000, 'Guidance on Social Responsibility', compares it with three other international standards in the field of CSR, and then offers a brief critique of it.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132923909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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