Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/023-030
Martin Küchler, A. Kunz
Applications that run in a projection-based mixed reality environment frequently require simultaneous image acquisition of the user by a camera. For later processing, very often a segmentation of the user's image is required, but along with the user, the camera captures the projected dynamic image in the background of the scene. This dynamic background complicates the later segmentation of the user in real-time. To ease segmentation, we introduce methods allowing to imperceptible blank the projected image for the camera. Four different methods are tested and compared. Acquired video streams are recorded and a successful segmentation of a user in front of a dynamic background is demonstrated. The paper concludes with an outlook on possible applications.
{"title":"Imperceptible projection blanking for reliable segmentation within mixed reality applications","authors":"Martin Küchler, A. Kunz","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/023-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/023-030","url":null,"abstract":"Applications that run in a projection-based mixed reality environment frequently require simultaneous image acquisition of the user by a camera. For later processing, very often a segmentation of the user's image is required, but along with the user, the camera captures the projected dynamic image in the background of the scene. This dynamic background complicates the later segmentation of the user in real-time. To ease segmentation, we introduce methods allowing to imperceptible blank the projected image for the camera. Four different methods are tested and compared. Acquired video streams are recorded and a successful segmentation of a user in front of a dynamic background is demonstrated. The paper concludes with an outlook on possible applications.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134070636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/015-022
Armin Hopp
Since stereoscopy is a fundamental part of an immersive display, stereoscopic imaging has been part of many research papers and patents in the past. There have been different approaches developed to generate and transport the two images to the human eye. In general we can say that image generation may be done by one or two units and image encoding is done either by frequency, time or orientation. For image generation Projectors of CRT, LCD, LCOS and DLP Type are well known. Since 3D has gained more public interest, in the past different approaches have been undertaken to simplify setups for stereoscopy. Often two projectors are used to generate stereoscopic images. But these need more maintenance than a single projector system. For a single projector, frame interleaved stereoscopic Image generation is well known for 3Chip DLP Systems using three spatial light modulators to generate the image. In this paper we describe a solution producing frame interleaved output using a single chip spatial light modulator or digital micro mirror device (DMD) allowing combining high resolution and coloring quality.
{"title":"Using a single spatial light modulator for stereoscopic images of high color quality and resolution","authors":"Armin Hopp","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/015-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/015-022","url":null,"abstract":"Since stereoscopy is a fundamental part of an immersive display, stereoscopic imaging has been part of many research papers and patents in the past. There have been different approaches developed to generate and transport the two images to the human eye. In general we can say that image generation may be done by one or two units and image encoding is done either by frequency, time or orientation.\u0000 For image generation Projectors of CRT, LCD, LCOS and DLP Type are well known. Since 3D has gained more public interest, in the past different approaches have been undertaken to simplify setups for stereoscopy. Often two projectors are used to generate stereoscopic images. But these need more maintenance than a single projector system. For a single projector, frame interleaved stereoscopic Image generation is well known for 3Chip DLP Systems using three spatial light modulators to generate the image. In this paper we describe a solution producing frame interleaved output using a single chip spatial light modulator or digital micro mirror device (DMD) allowing combining high resolution and coloring quality.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131691522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/079-090
J. Metze, B. Neidhold, M. Wacker
We present a concept for Virtual Reality-Systems that allows easy design and implementation of applications in virtual environments as well as fast integration of new hardware and software components into an existing system of this type. Starting from an abstract module based approach for distributed systems we provide a guidance for specifying and designing components for VR-Applications with focus on the communication, administration and visualisation. Finally we have implemented a proof-of-concept for a cab simulator to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
{"title":"Towards a general concept for distributed visualisation of simulations in virtual reality environments","authors":"J. Metze, B. Neidhold, M. Wacker","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/079-090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/079-090","url":null,"abstract":"We present a concept for Virtual Reality-Systems that allows easy design and implementation of applications in virtual environments as well as fast integration of new hardware and software components into an existing system of this type. Starting from an abstract module based approach for distributed systems we provide a guidance for specifying and designing components for VR-Applications with focus on the communication, administration and visualisation. Finally we have implemented a proof-of-concept for a cab simulator to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121990404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/163-170
T. Ilmonen, M. Reunanen
This paper presents the use of the virtual pocket user interface metaphor in virtual environments (VEs). Virtual pockets act like real-world pockets ó the user can put tools into pockets and select them with simple gestures. The pockets are body-centric and they can be used while the user is focusing on some object in the VE. We present the behavior of our virtual pocket implementation and compare its performance with different variations. The user tests show that virtual pockets are a useful metaphor and that selection of the correct feedback method has a strong impact on how well the pockets work.
{"title":"Virtual pockets in virtual reality","authors":"T. Ilmonen, M. Reunanen","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/163-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/163-170","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the use of the virtual pocket user interface metaphor in virtual environments (VEs). Virtual pockets act like real-world pockets ó the user can put tools into pockets and select them with simple gestures. The pockets are body-centric and they can be used while the user is focusing on some object in the VE. We present the behavior of our virtual pocket implementation and compare its performance with different variations. The user tests show that virtual pockets are a useful metaphor and that selection of the correct feedback method has a strong impact on how well the pockets work.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122048367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/129-140
A. Fuhrmann, R. Splechtna, L. Mroz, H. Hauser
In this paper we present our integration of volume rendering into virtual reality, combining a fast and flexible software implementation of direct volume rendering with the intuitive manipulation and navigation techniques of a virtual environment. By distributing the visualization and interaction tasks to two low-end PCs we managed to realize a highly interactive, yet inexpensive set-up. The volume objects are seamlessly integrated into the polygonal virtual environment through image-based rendering. The interaction techniques include scalar parameterization of transfer functions, direct 3D selection, 3D highlighting of volume objects and clipping cubes and cutting planes. These methods combined with the interaction and display devices of virtual reality form a powerful yet intuitive environment for the investigation of volume data sets. As main application areas we propose training and education.
{"title":"Distributed software-based volume visualization in a virtual environment","authors":"A. Fuhrmann, R. Splechtna, L. Mroz, H. Hauser","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/129-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/129-140","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present our integration of volume rendering into virtual reality, combining a fast and flexible software implementation of direct volume rendering with the intuitive manipulation and navigation techniques of a virtual environment. By distributing the visualization and interaction tasks to two low-end PCs we managed to realize a highly interactive, yet inexpensive set-up. The volume objects are seamlessly integrated into the polygonal virtual environment through image-based rendering. The interaction techniques include scalar parameterization of transfer functions, direct 3D selection, 3D highlighting of volume objects and clipping cubes and cutting planes. These methods combined with the interaction and display devices of virtual reality form a powerful yet intuitive environment for the investigation of volume data sets. As main application areas we propose training and education.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129360497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/157-161
B. Baird, Özgür Izmirli, Bradford Heacock, Donald Blevins
Correlations between attributes in the haptic domain and those in the auditory will assist in multimodal applications. This paper looks at the auditory attributes of pitch and reverberation and the haptic attributes of vibration, size and viscosity and seeks to correlate changes in one of the modalities with changes in the other. A total of 4 pairs of experiments were performed. The results indicate significant correlations in 3 of the pairs: pitch/vibration, pitch/viscosity, reverberation/size. There was no significant correlation found between reverberation and viscosity. These results have significance for designers of multimodal interfaces in virtual environments.
{"title":"Attribute correlations between haptic and auditory modalities","authors":"B. Baird, Özgür Izmirli, Bradford Heacock, Donald Blevins","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/157-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/157-161","url":null,"abstract":"Correlations between attributes in the haptic domain and those in the auditory will assist in multimodal applications. This paper looks at the auditory attributes of pitch and reverberation and the haptic attributes of vibration, size and viscosity and seeks to correlate changes in one of the modalities with changes in the other. A total of 4 pairs of experiments were performed. The results indicate significant correlations in 3 of the pairs: pitch/vibration, pitch/viscosity, reverberation/size. There was no significant correlation found between reverberation and viscosity. These results have significance for designers of multimodal interfaces in virtual environments.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132812866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/191-199
Hyosun Kim, Georgia Albuquerque, Sven Havemann, D. Fellner
Most of all interaction tasks relevant for a general three-dimensional virtual environment can be supported by 6DOF control and grab/select input. Obviously a very efficient method is direct manipulation with bare hands, like in real environment. This paper shows the possibility to perform non-trivial tasks using only a few well-known hand gestures, so that almost no training is necessary to interact with 3D-softwares. Using this gesture interaction we have built an immersive 3D modeling system with 3D model representation based on a mesh library, which is optimized not only for real-time rendering but also accommodates for changes of both vertex positions and mesh connectivity in real-time. For performing the gesture interaction, the user's hand is marked with just four fingertipthimbles made of inexpensive material as simple as white paper. Within our scenario, the recognized hand gestures are used to select, create, manipulate and deform the meshes in a spontaneous and intuitive way. All modeling tasks are performed wirelessly through a camera/vision tracking method for the head and hand interaction.
{"title":"Tangible 3D: hand gesture interaction for immersive 3D modeling","authors":"Hyosun Kim, Georgia Albuquerque, Sven Havemann, D. Fellner","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/191-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/191-199","url":null,"abstract":"Most of all interaction tasks relevant for a general three-dimensional virtual environment can be supported by 6DOF control and grab/select input. Obviously a very efficient method is direct manipulation with bare hands, like in real environment. This paper shows the possibility to perform non-trivial tasks using only a few well-known hand gestures, so that almost no training is necessary to interact with 3D-softwares. Using this gesture interaction we have built an immersive 3D modeling system with 3D model representation based on a mesh library, which is optimized not only for real-time rendering but also accommodates for changes of both vertex positions and mesh connectivity in real-time. For performing the gesture interaction, the user's hand is marked with just four fingertipthimbles made of inexpensive material as simple as white paper. Within our scenario, the recognized hand gestures are used to select, create, manipulate and deform the meshes in a spontaneous and intuitive way. All modeling tasks are performed wirelessly through a camera/vision tracking method for the head and hand interaction.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115791981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/105-111
Jesper Mosegaard, T. Sørensen
Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) can be effectively used to solve physical systems. To use the GPU optimally, the discretization of the physical system is often restricted to a regular grid. When grid values represent spatial positions, a direct visualization can result in a jagged appearance. In this paper we propose to decouple computation and visualization of such systems. We define mappings that enable the deformation of a high-resolution surface based on a physical simulation on a lower resolution uniform grid. More specifically we investigate new approaches for the visualization of a GPU based spring-mass simulation.
{"title":"Real-time deformation of detailed geometry based on mappings to a less detailed physical simulation on the GPU","authors":"Jesper Mosegaard, T. Sørensen","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/105-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/105-111","url":null,"abstract":"Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) can be effectively used to solve physical systems. To use the GPU optimally, the discretization of the physical system is often restricted to a regular grid. When grid values represent spatial positions, a direct visualization can result in a jagged appearance. In this paper we propose to decouple computation and visualization of such systems. We define mappings that enable the deformation of a high-resolution surface based on a physical simulation on a lower resolution uniform grid. More specifically we investigate new approaches for the visualization of a GPU based spring-mass simulation.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116089698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/211-216
D. Roberts, Majda Al-Liabi, R. Wolff, Oliver Otto, A. Al-khalifah
Telecommunication systems, such as AccessGrid, allow collaboration across a distributed team. However, these systems typically introduce fragmentation into the view of the shared environment. Many have found that IPT systems offer several important advantages above other display technologies in supporting distance working. This study focuses on fragmentation, which has previously been shown to induce problems in efficient object referencing within a shared virtual environment accessed through desktop displays. We have attempted to repeat the experiment while varying the display type. The results reinforce previous studies by showing a significant improvement in task performance when the entire team uses IPT displays. We further show that the improvement is unlikely to come in this case from more natural interaction or navigation and thus postulate that it arises from more efficient mutual orientation towards objects of interest, arising from a reduction in fragmentation.
{"title":"Reducing fragmentation in telecollaboration by using IPT interfaces","authors":"D. Roberts, Majda Al-Liabi, R. Wolff, Oliver Otto, A. Al-khalifah","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/211-216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/211-216","url":null,"abstract":"Telecommunication systems, such as AccessGrid, allow collaboration across a distributed team. However, these systems typically introduce fragmentation into the view of the shared environment. Many have found that IPT systems offer several important advantages above other display technologies in supporting distance working. This study focuses on fragmentation, which has previously been shown to induce problems in efficient object referencing within a shared virtual environment accessed through desktop displays. We have attempted to repeat the experiment while varying the display type. The results reinforce previous studies by showing a significant improvement in task performance when the entire team uses IPT displays. We further show that the improvement is unlikely to come in this case from more natural interaction or navigation and thus postulate that it arises from more efficient mutual orientation towards objects of interest, arising from a reduction in fragmentation.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116532894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/009-014
S. A. Miller, Noah J. Misch, Aaron Dalton
Virtual reality systems make compelling outreach displays, but some systems highly suitable for outreach, notably the CAVE, have design features that make using them for that purpose inconvenient. In the case of the CAVE, the equipment is difficult to disassemble, transport, and reassemble, and typically only large-budget research facilities can afford such a system. We implemented a system like the CAVE that costs less than $30,000, weighs about 500 pounds, and fits into a fifteen-passenger van. A team of six people have unpacked, assembled, and calibrated the system in less than two hours. This cost reduction versus similar virtual reality systems stems from the unique approach we took to stereoscopic projection. We used an assembly of optical chopper wheels and commodity LCD projectors to create true active stereo at less than a fifth of the cost of comparable active stereo technologies. The screen and frame design also harbor portability optimizations; the frame assembles in minutes with only two fasteners, and both pack into small bundles for easy and secure shipment.
{"title":"Low-cost, portable, multi-wall virtual reality","authors":"S. A. Miller, Noah J. Misch, Aaron Dalton","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/009-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/009-014","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality systems make compelling outreach displays, but some systems highly suitable for outreach, notably the CAVE, have design features that make using them for that purpose inconvenient. In the case of the CAVE, the equipment is difficult to disassemble, transport, and reassemble, and typically only large-budget research facilities can afford such a system.\u0000 We implemented a system like the CAVE that costs less than $30,000, weighs about 500 pounds, and fits into a fifteen-passenger van. A team of six people have unpacked, assembled, and calibrated the system in less than two hours.\u0000 This cost reduction versus similar virtual reality systems stems from the unique approach we took to stereoscopic projection. We used an assembly of optical chopper wheels and commodity LCD projectors to create true active stereo at less than a fifth of the cost of comparable active stereo technologies.\u0000 The screen and frame design also harbor portability optimizations; the frame assembles in minutes with only two fasteners, and both pack into small bundles for easy and secure shipment.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132533992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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