Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/223-224
F. Mannuß, André Hinkenjann
This paper describes the work done at our Lab to improve visual and other quality of Virtual Environments. To be able to achieve better quality we built a new Virtual Environments framework called basho. basho is a renderer independent VE framework. Although renderers are not limited to graphics renderers we first concentrated on improving visual quality. Independence is gained from designing basho to have a small kernel and several plugins.
{"title":"Towards better quality in virtual environments","authors":"F. Mannuß, André Hinkenjann","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/223-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/223-224","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the work done at our Lab to improve visual and other quality of Virtual Environments. To be able to achieve better quality we built a new Virtual Environments framework called basho. basho is a renderer independent VE framework. Although renderers are not limited to graphics renderers we first concentrated on improving visual quality. Independence is gained from designing basho to have a small kernel and several plugins.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/219-220
Dongdong Weng, Yongtian Wang, Yue Liu
An Augmented Reality system that is designed for maintenance training is introduced. The proposed system adopts a projector to display the augmented video of the components to be repaired. With the augmented video, students can observe not only the real video of the components to be repaired, but also the additional information about the components such as contour, name and inner structure of the key parts etc. In order to accurately track the spatial relationship between the camera and the repaired components, several markers (small infrared LED) are attached with the components to be repaired, which ensure the dependability of the proposed system.
{"title":"Applications of augmented reality for maintenance training","authors":"Dongdong Weng, Yongtian Wang, Yue Liu","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/219-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/219-220","url":null,"abstract":"An Augmented Reality system that is designed for maintenance training is introduced. The proposed system adopts a projector to display the augmented video of the components to be repaired. With the augmented video, students can observe not only the real video of the components to be repaired, but also the additional information about the components such as contour, name and inner structure of the key parts etc. In order to accurately track the spatial relationship between the camera and the repaired components, several markers (small infrared LED) are attached with the components to be repaired, which ensure the dependability of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127409390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/181-189
Mathias Moehring, B. Fröhlich
The use of Virtual Reality technology for the product engineering process in the automotive industry has a lot of potential — in particular in the area of usability and reachability studies. We analyzed the manipulation of knobs, controls, flaps, mirrors and other components in a real car and classified them with respect to their constraints. Based on this classification, we developed a set of pseudo-physical direct interaction techniques, which closely approximate the real world behavior without employing a force-feedback device. Our approach uses a hierarchical grasp heuristic to decouple the interaction from the collision of the fingers with the virtual car components. This approach makes the interaction more robust while no haptic feedback is available. A pilot study of our implementation revealed that our direct manipulation techniques are a good step towards more realistic interaction with virtual car interiors.
{"title":"Pseudo-physical interaction with a virtual car interior in immersive environments","authors":"Mathias Moehring, B. Fröhlich","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/181-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/181-189","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Virtual Reality technology for the product engineering process in the automotive industry has a lot of potential — in particular in the area of usability and reachability studies. We analyzed the manipulation of knobs, controls, flaps, mirrors and other components in a real car and classified them with respect to their constraints. Based on this classification, we developed a set of pseudo-physical direct interaction techniques, which closely approximate the real world behavior without employing a force-feedback device. Our approach uses a hierarchical grasp heuristic to decouple the interaction from the collision of the fingers with the virtual car components. This approach makes the interaction more robust while no haptic feedback is available. A pilot study of our implementation revealed that our direct manipulation techniques are a good step towards more realistic interaction with virtual car interiors.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127991573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/221-222
Noritaka Osawa
Direct manipulation by hand is important in that it allows users to manipulate 3D virtual objects easily in an immersive virtual reality environment. Although direct hand manipulation is easy to understand and easy to use for approximate positioning, it has been considered unsuitable for making precise adjustments to virtual objects in an immersive environment because it is difficult to hold an unsupported hand in midair and then release an object at a fixed point. This paper therefore proposes automatic methods of adjustment to position and release virtual objects precisely. These methods are position adjustment, virtual hand size adjustment, viewpoint adjustment, and release adjustment. Combinations of these adjustments enable users to accurately manipulate virtual objects. Experimental evaluation revealed that release adjustment significantly increased the completion ratio for tasks and subjective preference for small targets.
{"title":"Enhanced hand manipulation for efficient and precise positioning and release","authors":"Noritaka Osawa","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/221-222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/221-222","url":null,"abstract":"Direct manipulation by hand is important in that it allows users to manipulate 3D virtual objects easily in an immersive virtual reality environment. Although direct hand manipulation is easy to understand and easy to use for approximate positioning, it has been considered unsuitable for making precise adjustments to virtual objects in an immersive environment because it is difficult to hold an unsupported hand in midair and then release an object at a fixed point. This paper therefore proposes automatic methods of adjustment to position and release virtual objects precisely. These methods are position adjustment, virtual hand size adjustment, viewpoint adjustment, and release adjustment. Combinations of these adjustments enable users to accurately manipulate virtual objects. Experimental evaluation revealed that release adjustment significantly increased the completion ratio for tasks and subjective preference for small targets.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131983754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/217-218
T. Ogi, T. Fujise
This paper proposes the concept of the hybrid information space that integrates the information seamlessly between the real world and the virtual world, and the prototype system was developed in which the immersive virtual world was constructed from the photograph images that were taken in the outdoor field. In this system, the user can go and come between the real world and the virtual world by using his own cellular phone as an interface device. This system was applied to relive travel experiences.
{"title":"Experience of a hybrid information space between an outdoor field and an immersive virtual world","authors":"T. Ogi, T. Fujise","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/217-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/217-218","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the concept of the hybrid information space that integrates the information seamlessly between the real world and the virtual world, and the prototype system was developed in which the immersive virtual world was constructed from the photograph images that were taken in the outdoor field. In this system, the user can go and come between the real world and the virtual world by using his own cellular phone as an interface device. This system was applied to relive travel experiences.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123123058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/059-068
J. Allard, C. Ménier, Edmond Boyer, B. Raffin
In this paper, we present how FlowVR enables the development of modular and high performance VR applications running on a PC cluster. FlowVR is a middleware we specifically developed targeting distributed interactive applications. The goal of the FlowVR design is to favor the application modularity in an attempt to alleviate software engineering issues while taking advantage of this modularity to enable efficient executions on PC clusters. FlowVR relies on an extended data flow model that enables to implement complex message handling functions like collective communications, or bounding box based routing. After a short presentation of FlowVR, we describe a representative application that takes benefit of FlowVR to reach a real time performance running on a PC Cluster.
{"title":"Running large VR applications on a PC cluster: the flow VR experience","authors":"J. Allard, C. Ménier, Edmond Boyer, B. Raffin","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/059-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/059-068","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present how FlowVR enables the development of modular and high performance VR applications running on a PC cluster. FlowVR is a middleware we specifically developed targeting distributed interactive applications. The goal of the FlowVR design is to favor the application modularity in an attempt to alleviate software engineering issues while taking advantage of this modularity to enable efficient executions on PC clusters. FlowVR relies on an extended data flow model that enables to implement complex message handling functions like collective communications, or bounding box based routing. After a short presentation of FlowVR, we describe a representative application that takes benefit of FlowVR to reach a real time performance running on a PC Cluster.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131098936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/097-104
Norishige Murakami, Katsuhiko Onishi, Y. Kitamura, F. Kishino
We propose a modeling system that enables users to create tree models with 3D gesture input. It generates tree models by using growth simulation based on the trunk or silhouette shapes of trees given by user gestures. The system carefully addresses the fragile balance and tradeoff between the freedom of user interaction and the autonomy of tree growth. Users intuitively and easily create tree models that have the exact features of branching structures or the silhouette shape of trees according to user intentions and imagination.
{"title":"Modeling of trees with 3D gestures and growth simulation","authors":"Norishige Murakami, Katsuhiko Onishi, Y. Kitamura, F. Kishino","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/097-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/097-104","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a modeling system that enables users to create tree models with 3D gesture input. It generates tree models by using growth simulation based on the trunk or silhouette shapes of trees given by user gestures. The system carefully addresses the fragile balance and tradeoff between the freedom of user interaction and the autonomy of tree growth. Users intuitively and easily create tree models that have the exact features of branching structures or the silhouette shape of trees according to user intentions and imagination.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132082344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/157-166
G. Drettakis, M. Roussou, N. Tsingos, A. R. Martinez, Emmanuel Gallo
In this paper we introduce an image-based 3D capture process for the creation and display of photorealistic virtual environments (VEs). The resulting VEs aim to realistically recreate existing real-world scenes that can be displayed in a range of immersive VR systems using a high-quality, view-dependent algorithm and further enhanced using advanced vegetation, shadow display algorithms and 3D sound. The scenes, an archaeological site and an urban environment, were chosen according to real-world applications in the areas of urban planning/architecture and cultural heritage education. The users in each case are able to reconstruct or manipulate elements of the VEs according to their needs, as these have been specified through a detailed user requirements survey. Furthermore, a user task analysis and scenario-based approach has been adopted for the design of the virtual prototypes and the evaluation, which is currently underway. This work is being developed in the context of the EU-funded research project CREATE and the first examples of the prototype system in use are described and demonstrated in this paper.
{"title":"Image-based Techniques for the Creation and Display of Photorealistic Interactive Virtual Environments","authors":"G. Drettakis, M. Roussou, N. Tsingos, A. R. Martinez, Emmanuel Gallo","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/157-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/157-166","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce an image-based 3D capture process for the creation and display of photorealistic virtual environments (VEs). The resulting VEs aim to realistically recreate existing real-world scenes that can be displayed in a range of immersive VR systems using a high-quality, view-dependent algorithm and further enhanced using advanced vegetation, shadow display algorithms and 3D sound. The scenes, an archaeological site and an urban environment, were chosen according to real-world applications in the areas of urban planning/architecture and cultural heritage education. The users in each case are able to reconstruct or manipulate elements of the VEs according to their needs, as these have been specified through a detailed user requirements survey. Furthermore, a user task analysis and scenario-based approach has been adopted for the design of the virtual prototypes and the evaluation, which is currently underway. This work is being developed in the context of the EU-funded research project CREATE and the first examples of the prototype system in use are described and demonstrated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116979057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/053-060
Deepak S. Vembar, N. Iyengar, A. Duchowski, Kevin Clark, J. Hewitt, Keith Pauls
Navigation in Virtual Environments (VEs) requires users to develop spatial knowledge of the environment primarily through visual cues provided to the user. Thus, the design and display of visual navigation cues is important for efficient navigation in a VE. In this paper, we report the results of an experiment in which three different visual cues were tested for their benefit toward users' navigation in a 3D virtual maze. The experiment varied the form of visual cue: a 2D map, a 2D map with a directionally ambiguous cue, and a 2D map with a directional cue. Eye tracking data was collected and analyzed to examine the correlation between the type of visual cue presented and the navigational efficiency of the user through the virtual maze. It was observed that the cue type affected performance of the participant in the 3D maze. The directional cue was most effective in the time taken by users to reach the center of the maze. Results of this study have implications for VE design as well as for game development.
{"title":"Effect of visual cues on human performance in navigating through a virtual maze","authors":"Deepak S. Vembar, N. Iyengar, A. Duchowski, Kevin Clark, J. Hewitt, Keith Pauls","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/053-060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/053-060","url":null,"abstract":"Navigation in Virtual Environments (VEs) requires users to develop spatial knowledge of the environment primarily through visual cues provided to the user. Thus, the design and display of visual navigation cues is important for efficient navigation in a VE. In this paper, we report the results of an experiment in which three different visual cues were tested for their benefit toward users' navigation in a 3D virtual maze. The experiment varied the form of visual cue: a 2D map, a 2D map with a directionally ambiguous cue, and a 2D map with a directional cue. Eye tracking data was collected and analyzed to examine the correlation between the type of visual cue presented and the navigational efficiency of the user through the virtual maze. It was observed that the cue type affected performance of the participant in the 3D maze. The directional cue was most effective in the time taken by users to reach the center of the maze. Results of this study have implications for VE design as well as for game development.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121634243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/071-078
S. Lessels, R. Ruddle
The difficulties people frequently have navigating in virtual environments (VEs) are well known. Usually these difficulties are quantified in terms of performance (e.g., time taken or number of errors made in following a path), with these data used to compare navigation in VEs to equivalent real-world settings. However, an important cause of any performance differences is changes in people's navigational behaviour. This paper reports a study that investigated the effect of visual scene fidelity and field of view (FOV) on participants' behaviour in a navigational search task, to help identify the thresholds of fidelity that are required for efficient VE navigation. With a wide FOV (144 degrees), participants spent significantly larger proportion of their time travelling through the VE, whereas participants who used a normal FOV (48 degrees) spent significantly longer standing in one place planning where to travel. Also, participants who used a wide FOV and a high fidelity scene came significantly closer to conducting the search "perfectly" (visiting each place once). In an earlier real-world study, participants completed 93% of their searches perfectly and planned where to travel while they moved. Thus, navigating a high fidelity VE with a wide FOV increased the similarity between VE and real-world navigational behaviour, which has important implications for both VE design and understanding human navigation. Detailed analysis of the errors that participants made during their non-perfect searches highlighted a dramatic difference between the two FOVs. With a narrow FOV participants often travelled right past a target without it appearing on the display, whereas with the wide FOV targets that were displayed towards the sides of participants overall FOV were often not searched, indicating a problem with the demands made by such a wide FOV display on human visual attention.
{"title":"Changes in Navigational Behaviour Produced by a Wide Field of View and a High Fidelity Visual Scene","authors":"S. Lessels, R. Ruddle","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/071-078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE04/071-078","url":null,"abstract":"The difficulties people frequently have navigating in virtual environments (VEs) are well known. Usually these difficulties are quantified in terms of performance (e.g., time taken or number of errors made in following a path), with these data used to compare navigation in VEs to equivalent real-world settings. However, an important cause of any performance differences is changes in people's navigational behaviour. This paper reports a study that investigated the effect of visual scene fidelity and field of view (FOV) on participants' behaviour in a navigational search task, to help identify the thresholds of fidelity that are required for efficient VE navigation. With a wide FOV (144 degrees), participants spent significantly larger proportion of their time travelling through the VE, whereas participants who used a normal FOV (48 degrees) spent significantly longer standing in one place planning where to travel. Also, participants who used a wide FOV and a high fidelity scene came significantly closer to conducting the search \"perfectly\" (visiting each place once). In an earlier real-world study, participants completed 93% of their searches perfectly and planned where to travel while they moved. Thus, navigating a high fidelity VE with a wide FOV increased the similarity between VE and real-world navigational behaviour, which has important implications for both VE design and understanding human navigation. \u0000 \u0000Detailed analysis of the errors that participants made during their non-perfect searches highlighted a dramatic difference between the two FOVs. With a narrow FOV participants often travelled right past a target without it appearing on the display, whereas with the wide FOV targets that were displayed towards the sides of participants overall FOV were often not searched, indicating a problem with the demands made by such a wide FOV display on human visual attention.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131561331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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