Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/109-118
G. D. Haan, E. J. Griffith, M. Koutek, F. Post
Hybrid user interfaces (UIs) integrate well-known 2D user interface elements into the 3D virtual environment, and provide a familiar and portable interface across a variety of VR systems. However, their usability is often reduced by accuracy and speed, caused by inaccuracies in tracking and a lack of constraints and feedback. To ease these difficulties often large widgets and bulky interface elements must be used, which, at the same time, limit the size of the 3D workspace and restrict the space where other supplemental 2D information can be displayed. In this paper, we present two developments addressing this problem: supportive user interaction and a new implementation of a hybrid interface. First, we describe a small set of tightly integrated 2D windows we developed with the goal of providing increased flexibility in the UI and reducing UI clutter. Next we present extensions to our supportive selection technique, IntenSelect. To better cope with a variety of VR and UI tasks, we extended the selection assistance technique to include direct selection, spring-based manipulation, and specialized snapping behavior. Finally, we relate how the effective integration of these two developments eases some of the UI restrictions and produces a more comfortable VR experience.
{"title":"Hybrid interfaces in VEs: intent and interaction","authors":"G. D. Haan, E. J. Griffith, M. Koutek, F. Post","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/109-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/109-118","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid user interfaces (UIs) integrate well-known 2D user interface elements into the 3D virtual environment, and provide a familiar and portable interface across a variety of VR systems. However, their usability is often reduced by accuracy and speed, caused by inaccuracies in tracking and a lack of constraints and feedback. To ease these difficulties often large widgets and bulky interface elements must be used, which, at the same time, limit the size of the 3D workspace and restrict the space where other supplemental 2D information can be displayed. In this paper, we present two developments addressing this problem: supportive user interaction and a new implementation of a hybrid interface. First, we describe a small set of tightly integrated 2D windows we developed with the goal of providing increased flexibility in the UI and reducing UI clutter. Next we present extensions to our supportive selection technique, IntenSelect. To better cope with a variety of VR and UI tasks, we extended the selection assistance technique to include direct selection, spring-based manipulation, and specialized snapping behavior. Finally, we relate how the effective integration of these two developments eases some of the UI restrictions and produces a more comfortable VR experience.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115499165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/019-026
N. Govindaraju, I. Kabul, M. Lin, Dinesh Manocha
We present an interactive algorithm to perform continuous collision detection between general deformable models using graphics processors (GPUs). We model the motion of each object in the environment as a continuous path and check for collisions along the paths. Our algorithm precomputes the chromatic decomposition for each object and uses visibility queries on GPUs to quickly compute potentially colliding sets of primitives. We introduce a primitive classification technique to perform efficient continuous self-collision. We have implemented our algorithm on a 3:0 GHz Pentium IV PC with a NVIDIA 7800 GPU, and we highlight its performance on complex simulations composed of several thousands of triangles. In practice, our algorithm is able to detect all contacts, including self-collisions, at image-space precision in tens of milli-seconds.
我们提出了一种交互式算法来执行通用可变形模型之间的连续碰撞检测使用图形处理器(gpu)。我们将环境中每个物体的运动建模为连续路径，并检查路径上的碰撞。我们的算法预先计算每个对象的颜色分解，并使用gpu上的可见性查询来快速计算可能发生冲突的原语集。我们引入了一种原始分类技术来实现高效的连续自碰撞。我们已经在带有NVIDIA 7800 GPU的3 GHz Pentium IV PC上实现了我们的算法，并在由数千个三角形组成的复杂模拟中突出了它的性能。在实践中，我们的算法能够在几十毫秒内以图像空间精度检测所有接触，包括自碰撞。
{"title":"Fast continuous collision detection among deformable models using graphics processors","authors":"N. Govindaraju, I. Kabul, M. Lin, Dinesh Manocha","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/019-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/019-026","url":null,"abstract":"We present an interactive algorithm to perform continuous collision detection between general deformable models using graphics processors (GPUs). We model the motion of each object in the environment as a continuous path and check for collisions along the paths. Our algorithm precomputes the chromatic decomposition for each object and uses visibility queries on GPUs to quickly compute potentially colliding sets of primitives. We introduce a primitive classification technique to perform efficient continuous self-collision. We have implemented our algorithm on a 3:0 GHz Pentium IV PC with a NVIDIA 7800 GPU, and we highlight its performance on complex simulations composed of several thousands of triangles. In practice, our algorithm is able to detect all contacts, including self-collisions, at image-space precision in tens of milli-seconds.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130677951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/127-134
Ryuhei Tenmoku, M. Kanbara, N. Yokoya
This paper describes a new view management method for annotation overlay using augmented reality(AR) systems. The proposed method emphasizes the user-viewed object and the corresponding annotation in order to present links between annotations and real objects clearly. This method includes two kinds of techniques for emphasizing the user-viewed object and the annotation. First, the proposed method highlights the object which is gazed at by the user using a 3D model without textures. Secondly, when the user-viewed object is occluded by other objects, the object is complemented by using an image made from a detailed 3D model with textures. This paper also describes experiments which show the feasibility of the proposed method by using a prototype wearable AR system.
{"title":"A new view management method for wearable augmented reality systems: emphasizing the user-viewed object and the corresponding annotation","authors":"Ryuhei Tenmoku, M. Kanbara, N. Yokoya","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/127-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/127-134","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new view management method for annotation overlay using augmented reality(AR) systems. The proposed method emphasizes the user-viewed object and the corresponding annotation in order to present links between annotations and real objects clearly. This method includes two kinds of techniques for emphasizing the user-viewed object and the annotation. First, the proposed method highlights the object which is gazed at by the user using a 3D model without textures. Secondly, when the user-viewed object is occluded by other objects, the object is complemented by using an image made from a detailed 3D model with textures. This paper also describes experiments which show the feasibility of the proposed method by using a prototype wearable AR system.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124804875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/135-142
Dong Hoon Lee, Jong Ryul Kim, Soon Ki Jung
This paper presents an adaptive sampling method for image-based walkthrough. Our goal is to select minimal sets from the initially dense sampled data set, while guaranteeing a visual correct view from any position in any direction in walkthrough space. For this purpose we formulate the covered region for sampling criteria and then regard the sampling problem as a set covering problem. We estimate the optimal set using Genetic algorithm, and show the efficiency of the proposed method with several experiments.
{"title":"GA based adaptive sampling for image-based walkthrough","authors":"Dong Hoon Lee, Jong Ryul Kim, Soon Ki Jung","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/135-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/135-142","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an adaptive sampling method for image-based walkthrough. Our goal is to select minimal sets from the initially dense sampled data set, while guaranteeing a visual correct view from any position in any direction in walkthrough space. For this purpose we formulate the covered region for sampling criteria and then regard the sampling problem as a set covering problem. We estimate the optimal set using Genetic algorithm, and show the efficiency of the proposed method with several experiments.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124468363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/063-070
F. Smit, A. V. Rhijn, R. V. Liere
In this paper, we describe a new optical tracking algorithm for pose estimation of interaction devices in virtual and augmented reality. Given a 3D model of the interaction device and a number of camera images, the primary difficulty in pose reconstruction is to find the correspondence between 2D image points and 3D model points. Most previous methods solved this problem by the use of stereo correspondence. Once the correspondence problem has been solved, the pose can be estimated by determining the transformation between the 3D point cloud and the model. Our approach is based on the projective invariant topology of graph structures. The topology of a graph structure does not change under projection: in this way we solve the point correspondence problem by a subgraph matching algorithm between the detected 2D image graph and the model graph. There are four advantages to our method. First, the correspondence problem is solved entirely in 2D and therefore no stereo correspondence is needed. Consequently, we can use any number of cameras, including a single camera. Secondly, as opposed to stereo methods, we do not need to detect the same model point in two different cameras, and therefore our method is much more robust against occlusion. Thirdly, the subgraph matching algorithm can still detect a match even when parts of the graph are occluded, for example by the users hands. This also provides more robustness against occlusion. Finally, the error made in the pose estimation is significantly reduced as the amount of cameras is increased.
{"title":"GraphTracker: a topology projection invariant optical tracker","authors":"F. Smit, A. V. Rhijn, R. V. Liere","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/063-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/063-070","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe a new optical tracking algorithm for pose estimation of interaction devices in virtual and augmented reality. Given a 3D model of the interaction device and a number of camera images, the primary difficulty in pose reconstruction is to find the correspondence between 2D image points and 3D model points. Most previous methods solved this problem by the use of stereo correspondence. Once the correspondence problem has been solved, the pose can be estimated by determining the transformation between the 3D point cloud and the model.\u0000 Our approach is based on the projective invariant topology of graph structures. The topology of a graph structure does not change under projection: in this way we solve the point correspondence problem by a subgraph matching algorithm between the detected 2D image graph and the model graph.\u0000 There are four advantages to our method. First, the correspondence problem is solved entirely in 2D and therefore no stereo correspondence is needed. Consequently, we can use any number of cameras, including a single camera. Secondly, as opposed to stereo methods, we do not need to detect the same model point in two different cameras, and therefore our method is much more robust against occlusion. Thirdly, the subgraph matching algorithm can still detect a match even when parts of the graph are occluded, for example by the users hands. This also provides more robustness against occlusion. Finally, the error made in the pose estimation is significantly reduced as the amount of cameras is increased.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134133279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/089-099
Raimund Dachselt, Anett Hübner
A huge variety of interaction techniques was developed in the field of virtual and augmented reality. Whereas techniques for object selection, manipulation, travel, and wayfinding were covered in existing taxonomies quite in detail, application control techniques were not sufficiently deliberated yet. However, they are needed by almost every mixed reality application, e.g. for choosing from alternative objects or options. For this purpose a great variety of distinct three-dimensional menu selection techniques is available. This paper surveys existing 3D menus from the corpus of literature and classifies them according to various criteria. The taxonomy introduced here assists developers of interactive 3D applications to better evaluate their options when choosing and implementing a 3D menu technique. Since the taxonomy spans the design space for 3D menu solutions, it also aids researchers in identifying opportunities to improve or create novel virtual menu techniques.
{"title":"A survey and taxonomy of 3D menu techniques","authors":"Raimund Dachselt, Anett Hübner","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/089-099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/089-099","url":null,"abstract":"A huge variety of interaction techniques was developed in the field of virtual and augmented reality. Whereas techniques for object selection, manipulation, travel, and wayfinding were covered in existing taxonomies quite in detail, application control techniques were not sufficiently deliberated yet. However, they are needed by almost every mixed reality application, e.g. for choosing from alternative objects or options. For this purpose a great variety of distinct three-dimensional menu selection techniques is available. This paper surveys existing 3D menus from the corpus of literature and classifies them according to various criteria. The taxonomy introduced here assists developers of interactive 3D applications to better evaluate their options when choosing and implementing a 3D menu technique. Since the taxonomy spans the design space for 3D menu solutions, it also aids researchers in identifying opportunities to improve or create novel virtual menu techniques.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130381948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/101-108
C. Andújar, F. Argelaguet
The accommodation of conventional 2D GUIs with Virtual Environments (VEs) can greatly enhance the possibilities of many VE applications. In this paper we present a variation of the well-known ray-casting technique for fast and accurate selection of 2D widgets over a virtual window immersed into a 3D world. The main idea is to provide a new interaction mode where hand rotations are scaled down so that the ray is constrained to intersect the active virtual window. This is accomplished by changing the control-display ratio between the orientation of the user's hand and the ray used for selection. Our technique uses a curved representation of the ray providing visual feedback of the orientation of both the input device and the selection ray. The users' feeling is that they control a flexible ray that gets curved as it moves over a virtual friction surface defined by the 2D window. We have implemented this technique and evaluated its effectiveness in terms of accuracy and performance. Our experiments on a four-sided CAVE indicate that the proposed technique can increase the speed and accuracy of component selection in 2D GUIs immersed into 3D worlds.
{"title":"Friction surfaces: scaled ray-casting manipulation for interacting with 2D GUIs","authors":"C. Andújar, F. Argelaguet","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/101-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/101-108","url":null,"abstract":"The accommodation of conventional 2D GUIs with Virtual Environments (VEs) can greatly enhance the possibilities of many VE applications. In this paper we present a variation of the well-known ray-casting technique for fast and accurate selection of 2D widgets over a virtual window immersed into a 3D world. The main idea is to provide a new interaction mode where hand rotations are scaled down so that the ray is constrained to intersect the active virtual window. This is accomplished by changing the control-display ratio between the orientation of the user's hand and the ray used for selection. Our technique uses a curved representation of the ray providing visual feedback of the orientation of both the input device and the selection ray. The users' feeling is that they control a flexible ray that gets curved as it moves over a virtual friction surface defined by the 2D window. We have implemented this technique and evaluated its effectiveness in terms of accuracy and performance. Our experiments on a four-sided CAVE indicate that the proposed technique can increase the speed and accuracy of component selection in 2D GUIs immersed into 3D worlds.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133975617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/119-126
I. Assenmacher, B. Hentschel, C. Ni, T. Kuhlen, C. Bischof
Note-taking is an integral part of scientific data analysis. In particular, it is vital for explorative analysis, as the expression and transformation of ideas is a necessary precondition for gaining insight. However, in the case of interactive data exploration in virtual environments it is not possible to keep a pen and pencil at hand. Additionally, data analysis in virtual environments allows the multi-modal exploration of complex and time varying data. We propose the toolkit independent content generation system IDEA that features a defined process model, a generic annotation model with a variety of content types as well as specially developed interaction metaphors for their input and output handling. This allows the user to note ideas, e.g., in form of text, images or voice without interfering with the analysis process. In this paper we present the basic concepts for this system. We describe the context-content model which allows to tie annotation content to logical objects that are part of the scene and stores specific information for the special interaction in virtual environments. The IDEA system is already applied in a prototypical implementation for the exploration of air flows in the human nasal cavity where it is used for data analysis as well as interdisciplinary communication.
{"title":"Interactive data annotation in virtual environments","authors":"I. Assenmacher, B. Hentschel, C. Ni, T. Kuhlen, C. Bischof","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/119-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/EGVE06/119-126","url":null,"abstract":"Note-taking is an integral part of scientific data analysis. In particular, it is vital for explorative analysis, as the expression and transformation of ideas is a necessary precondition for gaining insight. However, in the case of interactive data exploration in virtual environments it is not possible to keep a pen and pencil at hand. Additionally, data analysis in virtual environments allows the multi-modal exploration of complex and time varying data. We propose the toolkit independent content generation system IDEA that features a defined process model, a generic annotation model with a variety of content types as well as specially developed interaction metaphors for their input and output handling. This allows the user to note ideas, e.g., in form of text, images or voice without interfering with the analysis process. In this paper we present the basic concepts for this system. We describe the context-content model which allows to tie annotation content to logical objects that are part of the scene and stores specific information for the special interaction in virtual environments. The IDEA system is already applied in a prototypical implementation for the exploration of air flows in the human nasal cavity where it is used for data analysis as well as interdisciplinary communication.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128291585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/225-226
A. Backman
This paper describes an authoring environment for real time 3D environments, Colosseum3D. The framework makes it possible to easily create rich virtual environments with rigid-body dynamics, advanced rendering using OpenGL Shaders, 3D sound and human avatars. The creative process of building complex simulators is supported by allowing several authoring paths such as a low level C++ API, an expressive high level file format and a scripting layer.
{"title":"Colosseum3D: authoring framework for virtual environments","authors":"A. Backman","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/225-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/225-226","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an authoring environment for real time 3D environments, Colosseum3D. The framework makes it possible to easily create rich virtual environments with rigid-body dynamics, advanced rendering using OpenGL Shaders, 3D sound and human avatars. The creative process of building complex simulators is supported by allowing several authoring paths such as a low level C++ API, an expressive high level file format and a scripting layer.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130535158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-10-06DOI: 10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/201-209
G. D. Haan, M. Koutek, F. Post
We present IntenSelect, a novel selection technique that dynamically assists the user in the selection of 3D objects in Virtual Environments. Ray-casting selection is commonly used, although it has limited accuracy and can be problematic in more difficult situations where the intended selection object is occluded or moving. Selection-byvolume techniques, which extend normal ray-casting, provide error tolerance to cope with the limited accuracy. However, these extensions generally are not usable in the more complex selection situations.We have devised a new selection-by-volume technique to create a more flexible selection technique which can be used in these situations. To achieve this, we use a new scoring function to calculate the score of objects, which fall within a user controlled, conic selection volume. By accumulating these scores for the objects, we obtain a dynamic, time-dependent, object ranking. The highest ranking object, or active object, is indicated by bending the otherwise straight selection ray towards it. As the selection ray is effectively snapped to the object, the user can now select the object more easily. Our user tests indicate that IntenSelect can improve the selection performance over ray-casting, especially in the more difficult cases of small objects. Furthermore, the introduced time-dependent object ranking proves especially useful when objects are moving, occluded and/or cluttered. Our simple scoring scheme can be easily extended for special purpose interaction such as widget or application specific interaction functionality, which creates new possibilities for complex interaction behavior.
{"title":"IntenSelect: using dynamic object rating for assisting 3D object selection","authors":"G. D. Haan, M. Koutek, F. Post","doi":"10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/201-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE/IPT_EGVE2005/201-209","url":null,"abstract":"We present IntenSelect, a novel selection technique that dynamically assists the user in the selection of 3D objects in Virtual Environments. Ray-casting selection is commonly used, although it has limited accuracy and can be problematic in more difficult situations where the intended selection object is occluded or moving. Selection-byvolume techniques, which extend normal ray-casting, provide error tolerance to cope with the limited accuracy. However, these extensions generally are not usable in the more complex selection situations.We have devised a new selection-by-volume technique to create a more flexible selection technique which can be used in these situations. To achieve this, we use a new scoring function to calculate the score of objects, which fall within a user controlled, conic selection volume. By accumulating these scores for the objects, we obtain a dynamic, time-dependent, object ranking. The highest ranking object, or active object, is indicated by bending the otherwise straight selection ray towards it. As the selection ray is effectively snapped to the object, the user can now select the object more easily. Our user tests indicate that IntenSelect can improve the selection performance over ray-casting, especially in the more difficult cases of small objects. Furthermore, the introduced time-dependent object ranking proves especially useful when objects are moving, occluded and/or cluttered. Our simple scoring scheme can be easily extended for special purpose interaction such as widget or application specific interaction functionality, which creates new possibilities for complex interaction behavior.","PeriodicalId":210571,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126240277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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