Recent patents on biotechnology最新文献

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for infecting more than 613,615,658 people in 222 countries by September 11, 2022, of which 6,516,076 have died. COVID-19 was introduced by World Health Organization as a global concern and a pandemic disease due to its prevalence.

Objective: Developing preventive or therapeutic medications against 2019-nCoV is an urgent need, and has been deemed as a high priority among scientific societies; in this regard, the production of effective vaccines is one of the most significant and high-priority requirements. Because of costly and time-consuming process of vaccine design, different immunoinformatics methods have been developed.

Methods: At the beginning of vaccine design, the proteome study is essential. In this investigation, the whole human coronavirus proteome was evaluated using the proteome subtraction strategy. Out of 5945 human coronavirus proteins, five new antigenic proteins were selected by analyzing the hierarchical proteome subtraction, and then their various physicochemical and immunological properties were investigated bioinformatically.

Results: All five protein sequences are antigenic and non-allergenic proteins; moreover, the spike protein group, including spike glycoprotein (E2) (Peplomer protein), spike fragment and spike glycoprotein fragment, showed acceptable stability, which can be used to design new vaccines against human coronaviruses.

Conclusion: The selected peptides and the other proteins introduced in this study (HE, orf7a, SARS_X4 domain-containing protein and protein 8) can be employed as a suitable candidate for developing a novel prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine against human coronaviruses.

The world is on the cusp of a post-antibiotic period. A century ago, before the advent of antibiotics, bacteriophage therapy was the treatment of choice for bacterial infections. Although bacteriophages have yet to be approved as a treatment in Western medicine, researchers and clinicians have begun to anticipate phage therapy. Bacteriophages are viruses that depend on bacterial cell metabolism to multiply. They offer a promising alternative to the use of antibiotics and an excellent antibacterial option for combating multidrug resistance in bacteria. However, not every phage is suitable for phage therapy. In particular, prophages should not be used because they can lysogenize host cells instead of lysing them. To offer adequate therapeutic options for patients suffering from various infectious diseases, a wide selection of different phages is needed. While there is no evidence of direct toxicity induced by phage particles, it is crucial to study mammalian cell-phage interactions. This requires phage preparations to be free of bacterial cells, toxins and other compounds to avoid skewing host responses. Negative staining of purified viruses and electron microscopy remain the gold standard in the identification of bacteriophages. Interestingly, genomics has greatly changed our understanding of phage biology. Bacteriophage genome sequencing is essential to obtain a complete understanding of the bacteriophages' biology and to obtain confirmation of their lifestyle. Full genetic sequencing of bacteriophage will enable a better understanding of the phage-encoded proteins and biomolecules (especially phage lytic enzymes) involved in the process of bacterial cell lysis and death. Mass spectrometry can be used for the identification of phage structural proteins. The use of lytic phages as biocontrol agents requires the most appropriate and standard methods to ensure application safety. This review pursues recent research and methods in molecular biology for the isolation and characterization of phages to facilitate follow-up and implementation of work for other researchers. Patents related to this topic have been mentioned in the text.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune disease that distress keratinized cells of the oral epithelium. Topical corticosteroids and other potential therapies like immunosuppressives, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, mycophenolate, dapsone, retinoids, biologic agents are used for the management of OLP. However, their effectiveness, best dose, duration of treatment and safety remain mostly unidentified. Moreover, recurrence of disease and dose-related side effects are the other issues.

Objective: The primary objective of the review is to explore the existing clinical trials for the efficacy of phytochemicals in treating OLP in comparison to corticosteroids. A comprehensive information about their mode of action is also discussed.

Methods: We have discussed different clinical trials conducted on various phytochemicals and plant extracts/formulations like curcumin, lycopene, quercetin, glycyrrhizin, purslane, raspberry, aloe vera gel and aloe vera mouthwash for the treatment of OLP.

Results: The current therapy for the management of OLP has numerous adverse effects and requires a long-term treatment. Phytochemicals can be a very good alternative in overcoming these side effects and reducing the course of treatment.

Conclusion: Herbal extracts and their formulations can be an effective alternative to the current therapy due to their proven therapeutic effects, reduced side effects, long-term applicability, prevention of recurrence as well as progression into cancer.

Background: Kidney disease is a universal public health problem, and epidemiological studies demonstrated that the incidences of chronic kidney disease are increasing day by day. However, the efficiency of currently available drugs on the progression of nephropathy is limited. Therefore, the current research was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of captopril and BQ123 against hyperlipidemia-induced nephropathy in rats.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the implication of Endothelin-1 in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic nephropathy in rats.

Methods: Animals were divided into various groups, and the administration of a high-fat diet for six weeks induced hyperlipidemia. After confirmation of hyperlipidemia, treatment was started for the next 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, and various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies were performed.

Results: Treatment of both the agents in combination effectively decreased BUN levels, serum creatinine, serum nitrite, and proinflammatory markers and ameliorated the pathological injuries to kidneys.

Conclusion: Furthermore, both treatments also inhibited oxidative stress and restored the hyperlipidemia-induced reduction in the level of antioxidant enzymes.

The enzyme α-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20) catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-1,4- glucopyranoside bond in oligosaccharides and disaccharides, and thus plays an essential role in regulating glucose content and the level of postprandial hyperglycemia. The inhibition of α-glucosidases is considered a viable strategy to develop new and effective antidiabetic drugs. Many patents like ZA201905405B; US9073897B2 have been published on α- glucosidase inhibitors. In recent years, several classes of fungal metabolites possessing a varying degree of α-glucosidases inhibitory activity have been reported. The primary chemical classes include xanthone, phenanthrene, terpenoid, coumarin, isocoumarin, naphthalene, piperazine, and polyketides. Few of the identified inhibitors exhibited severalfold better activities than well-known α-glucosidases inhibitor acarbose and can be used as a lead to develop new antidiabetic drugs. The present review highlights the recent development in the identification of α-glucosidases inhibitors from various fungal sources. Their chemical class, structures, and inhibitory activity in terms of IC₅₀ or MIC are discussed here.